International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 2026 03 22 Sex-specific differences in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: toward more personalized management EN S. Toppila-Salmi Kuopio, Finland Journal Article 3426 10.4193/Rhin26.901 Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is increasingly recognized as a biologically heterogeneous disorder, in which patient-specific factors strongly influence outcomes. Among these, sex-related differences have been observed clinically, yet their underlying pathological basis and impact on postoperative recurrence remain incompletely understood.