International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 35157749 Chronic inflammation and olfaction are still of central interest for rhinologists 1 1 EN B.N. Landis Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland 2962 10.4193/Rhin22-901
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 34941974 Association of the human papillomavirus infection with the recurrence of sinonasal inverted papilloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2 10 EN M.-S. Rha Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea C.-H. Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea J.-H. Yoon Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea H.-J. Cho Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2955 10.4193/Rhin21.255 Background: Although the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) has been investigated, the link between HPV infection and SNIP recurrence remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between HPV infection and recurrence of SNIP. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were searched (until 16 June 2021) to collect all relevant articles. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the fixed effects model. In addition, subgroup analysis, assessment of publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Fourteen eligible articles, including 592 patients with SNIP, were included in this study. Pooled analysis revealed that HPV-positive cases exhibited a significantly higher OR of tumour recurrence than HPV-negative counterparts). A significant association between HPV infection and tumour recurrence remained stable in subgroup analyses according to the publication year of the studies. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that HPV infection is significantly associated with the recurrence of SNIP, suggesting the pathological role of HPV in SNIP. These results suggest that HPV infection should be considered in the management of SNIP.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 34609382 Allergen-specific immunotherapy for local allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis 11 19 EN M.P. Hoang Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Otolaryngology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam J. Samuthpongtorn Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand W. Chitsuthipakorn Center of Excellence in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand K. Seresirikachorn Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand K. Snidvongs Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand 2933 10.4193/Rhin21.193 Background: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a phenotype of chronic rhinitis exhibiting a local Th2-driven inflammation without positive clinical markers of atopy. Immunomodulatory effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induce allergen-specific tolerance. However, AIT is not well-recognized as a treatment for LAR. Methodology: Systematic search on six electronic databases and registries was performed. Experimental and observational studies of AIT for LAR patients were retrieved. The primary outcomes were symptom score, medication score, combined symptom medication score, and disease-specific quality of life. Secondary outcomes were serum specific(s) IgG4, sIgE, and adverse events. Results: Four double-blind randomized controlled trials (156 patients) from two research units assessed the effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Compared with placebo, SCIT showed significant reductions in symptom score, medication score, combined symptom medication score, disease-specific quality of life, and an increase in serum sIgG4. There was no significant change in serum sIgE. Likewise, two observational studies (one using SCIT and one using sublingual immunotherapy) improved post-therapeutic symptom score. No studies assessed the effects after discontinuation of treatment. AIT was safe without serious adverse events. Conclusion: AIT has beneficial effects and safe for LAR. Its effects are restricted to studies with short-term follow-up. AIT may be considered in LAR patients.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 34941973 Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis: a nationwide cross-sectional study 20 28 EN M.-S. Rha Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea H.-J. Cho Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea J.-H. Yoon Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea C.-H. Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Taste Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2956 10.4193/Rhin21.287 Background: Whether the use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is associated with upper airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationwide cross-sectional surveys: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013â€"2015), VII (2016â€"2018), and VIII (2019). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between EC use and CRS or AR. Results: Among a total of 38,413 participants, 6.4% were former EC users and 2.5% were current EC users. Former EC users and current EC showed a significantly increased OR for CRS or AR compared with never EC users. In the subgroup analysis, the “current CC (conventional cigarette)-current EC†and the “current CC-formal EC†group had a significantly higher OR for CRS or AR than the “current CC-never EC†group. In addition, former CC smokers who currently use ECs showed a significantly higher OR for AR than former CC smokers without EC use. Conclusions: EC use is significantly associated with a high prevalence of CRS and AR in the adult population. These results indicate that the use of ECs may increase the risk of upper airway disease.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 35157750 Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort 29 38 EN Y.J. Jeon Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea T.H. Lee Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea Y.H. Joo Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea H.J. Cho Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea S.W. Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea B. Park Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea H.G. Choi Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea 2963 10.4193/Rhin21-211 Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by sinonasal inflammation that lasts longer than 12 weeks. Whether the effect of chronic inflammation caused by CRS on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is similar to its effect on other inflammatory disorders has not been thoroughly evaluated. We aimed to demonstrate whether CRS patients have a higher prevalence of CVDs, including stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methodology: We compared the prevalence of various comorbidities between CRS and control participants through a case-control cohort study from 2002 to 2015 that included 514,866 participants. CRS (n=6,552) and control (n=26,208) participants who were over 40 years old were selected by matching age, sex, income, and area of residence at a 1:4 ratio. Results: A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of CRS for stroke and IHD. The HRs for stroke and IHD were significantly increased in CRS patients compared to controls after adjusting for obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. The HR of stroke was significantly higher in the absence of nasal polyps than in the presence of nasal polyps. The HR of IHD was significantly increased in the CRS group regardless of the presence of nasal polyps. Conclusions: This study showed that CRS participants had a significantly higher prevalence of stroke and IHD.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 34812434 Evaluation of MMP-12 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis 39 46 EN S. Lygeros Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece G. Danielides Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece G.C. Kyriakopoulos Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece K. Grafanaki Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece F. Tsapardoni Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece C. Stathopoulos Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece V. Danielides Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece 2951 10.4193/Rhin21.320 Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of MMP-12 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP). Methodology: Tissue samples from 37 patients with CRSwNP undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery and healthy mucosa specimens from 12 healthy controls were obtained intraoperatively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-12 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Results: mRNA levels of MMP-12 were significantly elevated in the CRSwNP tissue samples compared to those in control ones. The protein levels of MMP-12 showed a trend of increasing but with no statistical significance. Conclusions: Elevation of MMP-12 in patients with CRSwNP suggests its potential implication in the pathogenesis of the disease. The difference in the expression profile observed between mRNA and protein levels could be due to post-translational gene expression regulation. Our findings provide evidence that MMP-12 along with other MMPs may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in the management of the disease.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 34647543 Olfaction in COPD 47 55 EN W.M. Thorstensen Dept of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway M.R. Øie Dept of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway S.B. Dahlslett Dept of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway M. Sue-Chu Dept of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Thoracic Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway S.K. Steinsvåg Dept of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway; Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway A.S. Helvik Dept of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 2935 10.4193/Rhin21.037 Background: Olfaction is poorly characterized in COPD. To test the hypothesis that olfaction is reduced in COPD, we assessed olfaction with the “Sniffin’ Sticks†test and a questionnaire addressing olfaction in COPD and a corresponding control group in respect to age and sex. We also explored whether there is an association between COPD, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and other predefined covariates with olfactory function. Methodology: Olfactory function was assessed by the score for threshold (T), discrimination (D) and identification (I), and the composite TDI score in the “Sniffin’ Sticks†test and by self-reported evaluation of impaired olfaction and of “decreased sense of smell and taste†in the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) in 90 COPD patients and 93 controls. A clinical interview and ENT-examination with nasal endoscopy, skin prick test and spirometry with reversibility were performed. Results: The TDI, D and I scores were significantly lower in the COPD group than in the control group. The T score was not significantly different between the two groups. Hyposmia and anosmia were present in up to 79% of patients with COPD. The prevalence of self-reported impaired olfactory function and for "decreased sense of smell and taste"; - was more than two-fold greater in the COPD than in the control group. COPD, higher age, male sex and allergy were associated with a lower TDI score, while CRSsNP was not associated with the TDI score. Conclusions: COPD is associated with olfactory dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms for this dysfunction should be elucidated.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 34874020 Reliability and validity of a brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD) in patients with olfactory dysfunction 56 62 EN L. Zou Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 2 Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 3 Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China A. Haehner Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany S. Menzel Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany N. Gunder Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany T. Hummel Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 2952 10.4193/Rhin21.059 Background: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the brief version of Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD). Methods: A total of 372 patients participated in this study. Olfactory function was examined using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. The brief version of QOD, including 4 items concerning parosmia (QOD-P), 7 items concerning quality of life (QOD-QOL), and 3 visual analog scales to rate disease burden, awareness of the disorder and issues related to professional life (QOD-VAS), was used to assess subjective information on olfactory dysfunction. We evaluated the split-half reliability, internal consistency and validity of the brief QOD. Results: The split-half reliability was 0.60 (QOD-P), 0.87 (QOD-QOL), and 0.66 (QOD-VAS), respectively. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.63 (QOD-P), 0.87 (QOD-QOL), and 0.71 (QOD-VAS), respectively. Olfactory function was found to be associated with QOD-P, QOD-QOL and QOD-VAS. Conclusions: The brief QOD is a suitable scale for the assessment of subjective severity of olfactory dysfunction for purposes such as treatment counseling, disability assessment, treatment control, and research in patients with olfactory disorder.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 35174371 Global airways â€" a novel Standard Tests for Asthma, allergic Rhinitis, and chronic Rhinosinusitis (STARR-15) 63 72 EN V. Backer Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center of Physical activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark K. Aanaes Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark S. Hansen Center for Clinical research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark J. Petersen Center for Clinical research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark C. von Buchwald Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark 2953 10.4193/Rhin21.195 Background: Global airway disease, with symptoms from both upper and lower airways, is a challenging problem for clinicians. Our goal is to design one single standard test for the awareness of global airway diseases to be used in clinical setting. Material and Methods: During 2019, rhinologists and pulmonologists generated a pool of items based on literature, patient-reported outcome measures and clinical experience. The items were administered to 206 patients with known asthma, CRS, allergic rhinitis, or a combination thereof. The patients also completed the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Using a mix of clinical knowledge and data-driven methods a global airways questionnaire was developed. Results: Mean ACQ score was highest in patients with all three, whereas the highest SNOT-22 score was observed in patients with CRS and asthma. After the development process, analysis of responses from 206 patients to 44 items on a new global airway’s questionnaire led to identification of 15 items that form the STARR-15 questionnaire with three underlying domains (an allergic rhinitis sub-factor, a CRS sub-factor and an asthma sub-factor). Conclusion: STARR-15 represents the first global airways questionnaire, to be used when examining patients with upper and lower airways symptoms. Future analyses are warranted to evaluate the clinical and psychometric properties of STARR-15.
International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 60 1 2022 February 1 34918717 The in vitro efficacy of neutral electrolysed water and povidone-iodine against CRS-associated biofilms 73 80 EN C.A. Lux School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand K. Biswas Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand M.W. Taylor School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand R.G. Douglas Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2954 10.4193/Rhin21.301 Background: Despite best medical and surgical practice, some cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can remain recalcitrant. Bacterial biofilms have been associated with the recalcitrance of sinonasal inflammation. Biofilms are highly resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Accordingly, more effective antimicrobial treatment options are needed to treat refractory CRS. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of neutral electrolysed water (NEW) and povidone-iodine (PVI) against CRS-associated Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Methods: Mature S. aureus biofilms were grown in a Centre for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor. The antimicrobial activity of NEW, PVI and doxycycline was determined for both planktonic and biofilm cultures of a clinical S. aureus isolate using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays. Results: MICs and MBCs were determined for all antimicrobials. MBC values were similar to MICs for both antiseptics, but doxycycline MBCs were significantly higher than the associated MICs. Biofilms were highly resistant to NEW and doxycycline. The MBEC for doxycycline was between 500 and 1000 Â#181;g/mL. NEW was ineffective against biofilms and no MBEC could be determined. In contrast, a concentration of 10% of the commercial PVI solution (10 mg/mL PVI) led to effective eradication of mature biofilms. Conclusion: In this study, only PVI showed promising antibiofilm activity at physiological concentrations. The in vivo efficacy of PVI warrants further investigation of its potential as a treatment for recalcitrant CRS.