International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27579866 Rhinitis, not to sniff at 193 194 EN W.J. Fokkens Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1472 10.4193/Rhin16.403 Already for years we have ample evidence of the severe impact of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis and maybe even more rhinosinusitis on quality of life of our patients and the severe costs these diseases inflict on society. Despite this evidence we have difficulty convincing the politicians, health insurance companies and the public that more attention, research and money is needed to prevent these diseases to occur and to further prevent the sometimes serious sequalae of the disease.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27316042 Restoring airway epithelial barrier dysfunction: a new therapeutic challenge in allergic airway disease 195 205 EN B. Steelant Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium S.F. Seys Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium G. Boeckxstaens Translational Research in Gastro Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium C.A. Akdis Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland J.L. Ceuppens Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium P.W. Hellings Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 1464 10.4193/Rhin15.376 An intact functional mucosal barrier is considered to be crucial for the maintenance of airway homeostasis as it protects the host immune system from exposure to allergens and noxious environmental triggers. Recent data provided evidence for the contribution of barrier dysfunction to the development of inflammatory diseases in the airways, skin and gut. A defective barrier has been documented in chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, it remains to be elucidated to what extent primary (genetic) versus secondary (inflammatory) mechanisms drive barrier dysfunction. The precise pathogenesis of barrier dysfunction in patients with chronic mucosal inflammation and its implications on tissue inflammation and systemic absorption of exogenous particles are only partly understood. Since epithelial barrier defects are linked with chronicity and severity of airway inflammation, restoring the barrier integrity may become a useful approach in the treatment of allergic diseases. We here provide a state-of-the-art review on epithelial barrier dysfunction in upper and lower airways as well as in the intestine and the skin and on how barrier dysfunction can be restored from a therapeutic perspective.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27116399 Sinus surgery postpones chronic Gram-negative lung infection: cohort study of 106 patients with cystic fibrosis 206 213 EN M.C. Alanin Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark K. Aanaes Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark N. Høiby Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark T. Pressler Copenhagen CF Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark M. Skov Copenhagen CF Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark K.G. Nielsen Copenhagen CF Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark D. Taylor-Robinson Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom E. Waldmann Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany H. Krogh Johansen Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark C. von Buchwald Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark 1455 10.4193/Rhin15.347 BACKGROUND: In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) the sinuses are a bacterial reservoir for Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). From the sinuses the GNB can repeatedly migrate to the lungs. In a one-year follow-up study, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with adjuvant therapy reduced the frequency of pulmonary samples positive for GNB. We investigated whether the effect is sustained. METHODOLOGY: We report the effect of ESS and adjuvant therapy three years postoperatively in a CF cohort participating in this prospective clinical follow-up study. The primary endpoint was the lung infection status defined by Leeds criteria. RESULTS: One hundred and six CF patients underwent ESS; 27 had improved lung infection status after three years. The prevalence of patients free of lung colonization with GNB significantly increased from 16/106 patients (15%) preoperatively to 35/106 patients (33%) after three years. The total cohort had decreasing lung function during follow-up; however, in 27 patients with improved lung infection status lung function was stable. Revision surgery was performed in 31 patients (28%). CONCLUSION: ESS with adjuvant therapy significantly improves the lung infection status for at least three years in our cohort of patients with CF and may postpone chronic lung infection with GNB and thus stabilize lung function.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27059095 Real-life study showing better control of allergic rhinitis by immunotherapy than regular pharmacotherapy 214 220 EN V. Droessaert Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, KU Leuven, Belgium M. Timmermans Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, KU Leuven, Belgium E. Dekimpe Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, KU Leuven, Belgium S. Seys Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Belgium J.J. Ceuppens Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Belgium W.J. Fokkens Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands P.W. Hellings Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, KU Leuven, Belgium 1447 10.4193/Rhin14.282 BACKGROUND: Treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) aims at reducing the burden of allergic inflammation, either by suppression of the nasal inflammation with pharmacotherapy or by inducing tolerance via immunotherapy (IT). At present, we lack information on the comparison between the degree of symptom control in AR patients treated with IT and those on pharmacotherapy. AIMS: An observational study was conducted evaluating the degree of symptom control, the total and individual nasal symptom severity and current medication use at 3 years after starting either pharmacotherapy or subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for AR. METHODS: A total number of 800 patients diagnosed with AR between October 2007 and February 2010 at the Ear, Nose and Throat Unit and Allergology Clinical Department of the University Hospitals of KU Leuven, Belgium, were included. Among these patients, 120 had been started on IT at the time of their initial visit, and 680 were prescribed guideline-based pharmacotherapy. In 2013, patients were sent a questionnaire asking for the current severity of nasal symptoms using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score, duration of nasal symptoms and presence or absence of abnormal sleep, impairment of daily activities, sport, leisure, impaired functioning at work/school, troublesome symptoms, and current medication use. A VAS score for total nasal symptoms (TNS) was used to distinguish between controlled and uncontrolled AR. RESULTS: An overall response rate of 54%. At 3 years after the initiation of the treatment, the IT group showed lower VAS scores for TNS than the pharmacotherapy group, with lower percentages of patients having a VAS score of equal or higher than 5. The IT group consisted of more patients with mild AR than the pharmacotherapy group despite the higher percentage of polysensitization at the onset of treatment in the IT group. 18% of the IT patients met the criteria of persistent AR whereas this was 51% amongst non-IT patients. Interestingly, 70% of IT patients did not use any medical treatment for AR anymore, whereas 61% of pharmacotherapy patients were still on medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This observational study demonstrates that IT is associated with higher control of AR, reduced symptom severity and reduced medication use at 3 years after the onset of treatment. Therefore, this real-life study reinforces the clinical value of immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27107025 Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: subjective versus objective tools to evaluate its success 221 230 EN D. Sakurai Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan S. Yonekura Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan T. Iinuma Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan T. Sakurai Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Y. Morimoto Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Y. Mita Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan T. Arai Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan S. Suzuki Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Y. Okuma Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan S. Kaneko Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Y. Okamoto Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan 1454 10.4193/Rhin15.223 BACKGROUND: Biomarkers that enable objective evaluation of the clinical effects of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis have yet to be identified. METHODS: This study included 40 patients who were enrolled in a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study examining the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) using Japanese cedar (JC) pollen extract during two consecutive pollen seasons from 2010 to 2012. Based on changes in total nasal symptom medication score, patients in the SLIT and placebo groups were subdivided into two subgroups: good responders and poor responders. The levels of JC pollen-specific IL-10+Foxp3+ cells and specific Th2 cytokine-producing cells were measured and the association with the efficacy of SLIT was analysed. RESULTS: The total nasal symptom medication score was significantly lower in the SLIT group compared with the placebo group. The number of JC pollen-specific Th2 cytokine-producing cells increased during the pollen season in the placebo group and in poor responders in the SLIT group; however, the increases were inhibited in the good responders in the SLIT group. The number of JC pollen-specific IL-10+Foxp3+ cells increased only in these good responders. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in levels of allergen-specific Th2 cytokine-producing cells and IL-10+Foxp3+ cells could be objective biomarkers for SLIT.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27119121 Serum allergen-specific IgE, allergic rhinitis severity, and age 231 238 EN G. Ciprandi Allergy Department, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy P. Comite Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy F. Ferrero Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy V. Fontana Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy M. Bruzzone Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy M. Mussap Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy 1456 10.4193/Rhin15.300 BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by an IgE-mediated reaction. Aging usually induces a progressive decline of immune system function. There is common belief that both allergic symptoms severity and serum IgE production decline during aging. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the possible impact of age on: i) serum allergen-specific IgE levels in a large sample of subjects, and ii) AR symptom severity in a group of mono-allergic patients. METHODS: Serum allergen-specific IgE to birch, Bet v 1, Parietaria, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were measured by immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) in a sample of 8098 subjects. AR symptom severity was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) in a sub-group of 531 mono-allergic patients. RESULTS: The analysis of variance showed that IgE to Bet v 1, birch, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus significantly decreased considering the age, whereas IgE to Parietaria did not significantly decline in respect of the age. Considering the global sample of mono-allergic patients, elderly subjects (over 65 years old) tended to have lower IgE levels, but had significantly lower VAS rating, and significantly less sensitizations than adult subjects (18-65 years old). In both adult and elderly patients VAS strongly correlated with IgE values. CONCLUSIONS: Allergen-specific IgE levels tend to reduce with aging, but with differences between types of allergy. The IgE decrease is usually associated with reduced AR symptom severity. Elderly AR patients seem to have a different phenotype/endotype in comparison with adult AR ones, characterized by milder symptoms, lower IgE production, and less sensitizations. However, a close positive relationship between IgE values and VAS scores is shared by both adult and elderly AR patients, confirming the close link between allergy and symptoms that persists also in the elderly.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27059153 Expanded endoscopic endonasal surgery for advanced stage juvenile angiofibromas: a retrospective multi-center study 239 246 EN C. Langdon Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain P. Herman Hopital Lariboisiere, ENT Department, AP-HP, and EA 7334 REMES Paris 7, France B. Verillaud Hopital Lariboisiere, ENT Department, AP-HP, and EA 7334 REMES Paris 7, France R.L. Carrau Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA D. Prevedello Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA P. Nicolai Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy A. Schreiber Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy G. Padoan Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy P. Castelnuovo Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy M. Bernal-Sprekelsen Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain 1448 10.4193/Rhin15.104 OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic resection has become an established surgical option for most juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA). However, surgical management of JNA with intracranial extension remains challenging. This retrospective multicenter study reviews a series of patients with advanced stage JNA treated via endonasal/endoscopic approach. METHODS: The experience of five academic tertiary or quaternary care ORL-HNS Departments were included. Medical records of all patients operated for JNA staged as Radkowski stage IIIA or IIIB were reviewed. Main outcome measures included intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, complication rate, and rate of persistence or recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 74 male patients with stages IIIA and IIIB were included. The mean age was 16.4 years and preoperative embolization was performed in 71 patients. The mean blood loss in 45 patients for whom the data was available was 1279.7 ml. The more anatomic subsites were involved, the higher the risk was of intraoperative bleeding. The mean follow-up for 54 out of 73 patients was 37.9 months. Patients with residual disease are significantly linked to involvement of combined (anterior-lateral and posterior) anatomic subsites and to a higher number of affected subsites. At last follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic and those with residual tissue displayed no imaging signs of growth. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective multicenter study supports the notion that expanded endonasal endoscopic approaches for advance staged JNA are a feasible option associated with good long-term results.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27059408 Transorbital endoscopic assisted management of intraorbital lesions: lessons learned from our first 9 cases 247 253 EN I. Dallan First Otorhinolaryngologic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy P. Castelnuovo Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy M. Turri-Zanoni Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy G. Fiacchini First Otorhinolaryngologic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy D. Locatelli Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy P. Battaglia Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy S. Sellari-Franceschini Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy 1450 10.4193/Rhin15.237 BACKGROUND: The management of intraorbital lesions is challenging and it is strongly dependent to their nature, position and biological behaviour. Traditionally, the superior and lateral compartments of the orbit are addressed via lateral orbitotomy or transcranial approaches. Herein we present our preliminary experience in the management of selected supero-lateral intraorbital lesion through an endoscopic-assisted superior-eyelid approach. METHODOLOGY: All cases of intraorbital lesion treated in two Italian tertiary care referral centres using a superior eyelid endoscopic-assisted transorbital approach were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Nine patients have been analysed. The aim of surgery was diagnostic in 5 cases and curative in the remaining 4 patients. Significant tissue biopsy was obtained in all the five diagnostic procedures. Complete resection was obtained in 3/4 lesions. No major intra- or postoperative complications have been observed. Mean surgical time was 68 minutes. Mean hospitalization time was 4.4 days. All patients were satisfied about the surgical procedure, as emerged by the post-operative counselling. At present, the mean follow-up time is 18 months, ranging from 11 to 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results are promising with successful functional and cosmetic outcomes and reduced morbidity for the patient. This approach should be considered as an option for selected intraorbital lesions.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 26747755 Altered expression and signalling of EP2 receptor in nasal polyps of AERD patients: role in inflammation and remodelling 254 265 EN L. Machado-Carvalho Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain R. Torres Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain M. Perez-Gonzalez Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain I. Alobid Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain J. Mullol Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain L. Pujols Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain J. Roca-Ferrer Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain C. Picado Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain 1431 10.4193/Rhin15.207 BACKGROUND: Down-regulation of the E-prostanoid (EP)2 receptor has been reported in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). We aimed to evaluate the expression and activation of EP receptors in AERD and their role in prostaglandin (PG) E2 signalling. METHODS: Samples were obtained from nasal mucosa of control subjects (NM-C, n=7) and from nasal polyps of AERD patients (NP-AERD, n=7). Expression of EP1-4 was assessed at baseline. Fibroblasts were stimulated with receptor agonists to measure cAMP levels, cell proliferation and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release. RESULTS: NM-C and NP-AERD samples and fibroblasts expressed EP2, EP3 and EP4 at baseline. Lower expression of EP2 and higher expression of EP4 was observed in NP-AERD compared with NM-C. Stimulation with PGE2 and butaprost caused a higher increase in cAMP in NM-C than in NP-AERD. On the contrary, CAY10598 produced a higher production of cAMP in NP-AERD compared with NM-C. The anti-proliferative effect of PGE2 and butaprost was lower in NP-AERD than in NM-C fibroblasts. Similarly, the capacity of PGE2 and butaprost to inhibit GM-CSF release was lower in NP-AERD than in NM-C. CONCLUSIONS: The altered expression of EP2 in AERD may contribute to reduce the capacity of PGE2 to mediate anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27016898 The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis inflammation: ovalbumin-induced rat model 266 272 EN A. Tatar Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey M. Yayla Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey D. Kose Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey Z. Halici Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey O. Yoruk Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey E. Polat Department of Embryology and Histology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey 1445 10.4193/Rhin15.059 OBJECTIVE: Desloratadine is a biologically active metabolite of loratadine which is indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). In this study, we aimed to determine the role of endothelins in allergic rhinitis (AR) and the effects of endothelin receptor antagonists in AR rat models through comparison with desloratadine. METHODS: In total, 20 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. An ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model was formed in three study groups except for the control group. Bosentan (100 mg/kg/day) was given to the bosentan-treated group for 7 days and desloratadine (10 mg/kg/day) was administered to the antihistaminic-treated group for 7 days. Nasal symptom scorings and histopathological examinations of the nasal tissues were carried out. Serum IgE levels and ET-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels were analysed. Between group comparisons for nasal symptoms, histopathological analysis, and molecular analyses were performed with a one-way ANOVA and Duncans multiple comparison tests. Significance was accepted at p smaller than 0.05. RESULTS: Bosentan inhibited nasal symptom more significantly than desloratadine. The IgE level, ET-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels statistically increased in the allergic rhinitis group when compared to other groups. Conversely, the bosentan-treatment group showed a significant recovery from the same parameters. The deterioration in histopathological parameters reached the highest levels in the allergic rhinitis group. The histopathological findings were close to those of the control group in the bosentan and antihistaminic-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: ET-1 is one of the mediators that impact AR development and ET-1 antagonists can be useful for symptom control and for decreasing allergic inflammation in AR patients.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of olfactory dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a new definition Diabetic Olfactopathy 273 277 EN B. Veyseller Acibadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey R. Dogan Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey A. Yenigun Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey F. Aksoy Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey S. Tugrul Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey E.E. Dogan Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey O. Ozturan Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey 1449 10.4193/Rhin15.314 BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy is recommended as an adjuvant therapy for diabetic neuropathy. To investigate olfactory dysfunction and show the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM and diabetic neuropathy were included in the group 1. Patients of Group 1 were administered with a hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 30 sessions and patients who returned for a check up following 30 sessions were incorporated into the Group 2. Healthy volunteers with no medical problems were included in the study as a control group (Group 3). Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research (CCCRC) test and the subjective visual analog scale (VAS; 0-100) were utilized to evaluate the olfactory function. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference both between the control group and the patient group as well as before and after the HBO therapy in terms of total CCCRC scoring averages and VAS Scoring averages. CONCLUSION: When compared to normal individuals, type 2 diabetic neuropathy can cause an olfactory dysfunction, and a statistically significant improvement in olfaction can be obtained with HBO therapy. This is the first study demonstrating that the HBO therapy can play a role in treating olfactory dysfunctions suffered by the patients with diabetic olfactory neuropathies.

International Rhinologic Society Rhinology 0300-0729 54 3 2016 9 1 27107016 Recurrent DNA copy number alterations in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma 278 286 EN J. Perez-Escuredo Dept Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain A. Lopez-Hernandez Dept Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain M. Costales Dept Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain F. Lopez Dept Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain S.P. Ares Dept Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain B. Vivanco Dept Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain J.L. Llorente Dept Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain M.A. Hermsen Dept Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain 1453 10.4193/Rhin15.382 BACKGROUND: Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumour related to occupational wood dust exposure. Few studies have described recurrent genetic changes on a genome-wide scale. The aim of this study was to obtain a high resolution map of recurrent genetic alterations in ITAC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Copy number alterations were evaluated by microarray CGH and MLPA in 37 primary tumours. The results were correlated with pathological characteristics and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Microarray CGH identified the following recurrent aberrations, in descending order: gains at 5p15 (22 cases, 60%), 8q24 (21 cases, 57%), 20q13 (20 cases, 54%), 20q11, and 8q21 (19 cases, 51%), 20p13, and 7p11 (16 cases, 43%), and losses at 5q11-qter, 8p12-pter, and 18q12-23 (15 cases, 40%), and 17p13, and 19p13 (13 cases, 35%). MLPA analysis confirmed this global pattern of gains and losses. Chromosomal loss at 4q32-ter and gains at 1q22, 6p22 and 3q29, as well as deletion of TIMP2 and CRK correlated with unfavourable clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: ITACs have a unique pattern of chromosomal abnormalities. The four different histological subtypes of ITAC appeared genetically similar. Four chromosomal gains and losses and two specific genes showed prognostic value and may be involved in tumour progression.