Rhinology

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Canine fossa trephine is a beneficial procedure in patients with Samter`s triad. 104-8 Canine fossa trephine (CFT) is an adjunctive technique to sinus surgery in patients with recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis. CFT allows for disease clearance in areas of the maxillary sinus that are hard to reach with standard endoscopic techniques. The objective of this study was to compare the surgical outcome of CFT to standard middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) in matched patients with the severely diseased maxillary sinus. Prospective clinical study Patients undergoing sinus surgery were enrolled in either the CFT or MMA group. All patients had nasal polyps, Lund Mackay score of 2 in the maxillary sinus, and nasal endoscopy showing the maxillary sinus full of polyps. The patients were followed and the maxillary sinus was graded endoscopically at 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. Length of surgery, disease recurrence and need for revision surgery was documented. Forty-two CFTs and MMA were performed in each group. At 6 and 12 months the CFT group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in nasal endoscopy scores. Six patients recurred by the one year mark in the MMA group, 4 of which underwent revision surgery. In the CFT group 2 patients recurred, one who underwent a unilateral revision CFT. Furthermore the CFT did not prolong the surgical time and was often faster than performing a MMA. CFT allows for clearance of all gross disease in the maxillary sinus and appears to improve postoperative outcome at 6 and 12 months and decrease the need for revision surgery. Seiberling K A KA Church C A CA Tewfik M M Foreman A A Chang D D Ghostine M M Wormald P J PJ eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of juvenile angiofibromas: 18-year experience of a single tertiary centre in Spain. 95-103 The management of juvenile angiofibroma (JA) has changed during the last decades but it still continues to be a challenge. The objective of this study was to review the used treatment and our outcomes. From 1992 to 2010, 48 cases of JA were treated at our department. Charts were reviewed for standard demographic, tumour size and location, vascular supply and results of embolization, surgical approach, operative results, adjuvant therapies, recurrence and postoperative follow-up. Most tumours were Andrews-Fisch stages III and IV and surgery was used as the main treatment in all cases. We used an open surgical approach in 37 (77%) patients and 11 (23%) were treated endoscopically. The most common open approach used in this series was the subtemporal-preauricular approach. Until 1995, all tumours were operated on by a conventional open approach. Afterwards, early-stage tumours were operated on through an endoscopic approach. Ten patients were treated through surgery followed by radiosurgery. Two (4%) patients had recurrent disease. These tumours should be treated at centres with expertise in skull base surgery to achieve complete surgical resections with low morbidity. Radiosurgery after surgery seems to be a valuable option in the long-term control of some extended JAs. Lopez F F Suarez V V Costales M M Suarez C C Llorente J L JL eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Human papillomavirus load and physical status in sinonasal inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. 87-94 This study investigated prospectively the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in paranasal inverted papilloma (IP). HPV presence and viral load and physical status of HPV-16 were examined by polymerase chain reaction-based methods using fresh frozen samples obtained from 13 patients with IP (IP group), 11 with squamous cell carcinoma in the maxillary sinus (SCC group) and 39 with chronic inflammatory lesions (inflammatory group). The presence of the HPV genome was detected in 46.1%, 27.3% and 7.6% of patients in the IP, SCC and inflammatory groups, respectively. The IP group showed significantly higher HPV-positive rates than the inflammatory group. All types of HPV detected were high-risk HPV, especially HPV-16. The relative HPV-16 copy numbers varied from 2.5 to 1524.1 per 50 ng genomic DNA. The viral load was higher in the IP and SCC groups than in the inflammatory group. In the IP group, no significant relationship was found between HPV-16 viral load and clinical characteristics, or between physical status and clinical characteristics. One patient with IP and concomitant squamous cell carcinoma, however, showed high viral load and integration. HPV infection is involved in the pathogenesis of IP, and high viral load and integration of HPV have an important role in malignant lesion in association with IP. Hasegawa M M Deng Z Z Maeda H H Yamashita Y Y Matayoshi S S Kiyuna A A Agena S S Uehara T T Suzuki M M eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Local sclerotherapy with Polydocanol (Aethoxysklerol(r)) for the treatment of Epistaxis in Rendu-Osler-Weber or Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT): 15 years of experience. 80-6 Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant vascular disease characterized by mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal telangiectases and localized arteriovenous malformations in lung, brain and liver. Epistaxis, due to rupture of telangiectases of the nasal mucosa, is the most frequent clinical manifestation, leading in many cases to severe impairment of the quality of life in the patients. Though several treatments have been used to reduce epistaxis, none have been completely effective, with the exception of polydocanol (Aethoxysklerol(r)) in submucosal or subpericondrial injections, which was first presented in 2000 with very good results. After fifteen years using polydocanol in submucosal injections on 45 patients and with nearly 300 injections, we have observed that in 95% of all cases, their nose bleeds improved with respect to frequency and quantity without any important side effects. There was just one case of septal perforation, another with increased septal perforation, and one patient who suffered from dizziness and blurred vision for a few minutes. In this paper the results obtained using this technique over a fifteen-year period will be presented and evaluated. Morais D D Millas T T Zarrabeitia R R Botella L M LM Almaraz A A eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Low meningitis-incidence in primary spontaneous compared to secondary cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. 73-9 Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is a separate clinical entity with elevated intracranial pressure as its most probable pathophysiological mechanism. Having the clinical impression of distinct courses of diseases in primary spontaneous (PS) compared to secondary CSF rhinorrhoea, our objective was to identify whether the two forms differ in the duration of CSF rhinorrhoea and the incidence of meningitis. Chart review performed on all patients referred with a CSF leak to our tertiary-care medical center over a 20-year period from 1990 to 2010. In total, 58 cases suffering from CSF rhinorrhoea could be included. The aetiology was primary spontaneous in 23 (40%) and secondary in 35 (60%) patients. The duration of CSF rhinorrhoea was notably longer in patients with PS CSF rhinorrhoea. Moreover, we could show a significantly lower incidence of meningitis with PS CSF rhinorrhoea compared to the secondary group (annual incidence of 0.12 vs. 1.22 episodes). A significantly lower incidence and delayed onset of meningitis in patients suffering from PS CSF rhinorrhoea could be explained by an elevated intracranial pressure that hinders the ascension of bacteria. The closure of a leak in secondary CSF fistula seems more urgent than in PS CSF fistulas. Poletti-Muringaseril S C SC Rufibach K K Ruef C C Holzmann D D Soyka M B MB eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Long-term follow-up of posttraumatic olfactory disorders. 67-72 This study aims to determine the long-term recovery rate of posttraumatic olfactory disorders and to evaluate whether a lateralized disorder influences recovery. Olfactory function of 67 patients with posttraumatic olfactory disorders were examined twice using the `Sniffin` Sticks` test battery. Olfactory function was classified based on composite TDI (Threshold, Discrimination and Identification) score. Subjective impairment was rated by visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 10. First and second examinations were conducted an average of 16.7 months and 74 months after trauma, respectively. From first to second examination, mean TDI score of the better nostril increased significantly, the number of patients with anosmia of the better nostril decreased, and number of hyposmic and normosmic patients increased. Subjective impairment decreased. Neither age, sex, nor side differences between nostrils affected improvement. After the follow-up period, in 27% of the patients the TDI score improved ≥ 6 points score and subjective impairment decreased. A follow-up period of more than 2 years is recommended. Welge-Lussen A A Hilgenfeld A A Meusel Th T Hummel Th T eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Long-term effects of cutting versus non-cutting instruments in FESS. 56-66 Currently most ENT surgeons advocate using cutting instruments in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), based on the assumption of superior wound healing due to mucosal preservation. However, there is no scientific evidence of superiority of the cutting instruments. A prospective, randomized double blinded study was performed in 100 patients undergoing FESS, operated one side with non-cutting and the contra lateral side with cutting instruments. After a mean follow-up of 12 years after FESS, unilateral and global sino-nasal symptoms were scored by the patients using VAS, endoscopic abnormalities scored at both sides at the Outpatient clinic and radiologic abnormalities were described. No significant differences between the sides operated by cutting and non-cutting instruments were found for sino-nasal symptomatic or for radiologic abnormalities between both sides. For the endoscopic parameters there was no difference for secretion or mucosa. Only for the presence of endoscopic synechiae there was a statistically significant difference between both groups. At the non-cutting side more synechiae were noticed, but no interference with sinus access, neither ventilation nor drainage was observed. FESS performed with cutting instruments results in less synechiae formation compared to non-cutting instruments. However, the presence of synechiae is not associated with more symptoms or CT scan abnormalities. Mus L L Hermans R R Jorissen M M eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Long-term low-dose antibiotics in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective analysis. 45-55 In recalcitrant Chronic RhinoSinusitis (CRS) treatment with intranasal corticosteroids, short-term antibiotics and even sinus surgery is frequently insufficient. Long-term low-dose administration of antibiotics has been suggested as a treatment option in these patients. We analysed the outpatient clinic population treated with different long-term low-dose antibiotics at the AMC Amsterdam. Eligible patients, who were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or macrolides, were retrospectively identified from our outpatient clinic in 2009. The two main outcome measures were sinonasal complaints and nasal endoscopic findings. A 5-point grading scale was used to score the results compared with the pre-treatment situation. This was measured at several time-points during, and after the antibiotic course, and at the end of the follow-up term. Seventy-six patients were included, 53 per cent had asthma and all of them had undergone sinus surgery. Seventy-eight per cent showed improvement of the symptoms, and 84 per cent demonstrated improvement of the sinonasal mucosa at the end of the course. No significant difference was found between the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and macrolide group. Long-term low-dose treatment with antibiotics seems to improve CRS symptoms and the appearance of the sinonasal mucosa on nasal endoscopy. However, at this stage, strong conclusions are immature because no placebo-group has been included. Despite increasing use of long-term low-dose treatment of recalcitrant CRS in referral centres, hard clinical evidence is lacking. More research is urgently required. Videler W J M WJ van Hee K K Reinartz S M SM Georgalas C C van der Meulen F W FW Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Cyclamen europaeum nasal spray, a novel phytotherapeutic product for the management of acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 37-44 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a phytotherapeutic nasal spray containing Cyclamen europaeum (CE) in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of CE nasal spray once daily for 15 days in 99 adult patients with moderate-to-severe ARS who also received amoxicillin 500 mg three times daily for the first 8 days. The primary endpoint was the change in mean total symptom scores (TSS) on day 7. Secondary endpoints included individual symptom scores (nasal congestion, mucus secretion, facial pain, impairment of smell) and endoscopic findings on days 7 and 15 and others. No statistically significant difference in TSS was noted for CE versus placebo on day 7. Moreover, the individual scores were not statistically different between the groups for the ITT-population on day 7. However, both a reduction in facial pain and an improvement in endoscopically-assessed mucosal obstruction significantly favoured CE on day 7. The most common adverse events were nasal burning and mild epistaxis, but no severe adverse events were documented. In summary, this is the first randomized controlled trial on phytotherapy in patients with moderate-to-severe ARS demonstrating clinical safety and some encouraging effects of CE which merit to investigate phytotherapeutic products in further large-scale clinical trials. Pfaar O O Mullol J J Anders C C Hormann K K Klimek L L eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The impact of allergic rhinitis on symptoms, and quality of life using the new criterion of ARIA severity classification. 33-6 Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease with major socieconomic burden and a significant impact on quality of life. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of AR severity, using the modified ARIA (m-ARIA) severity criterion in order to discriminate among moderate and severe AR, in symptoms and quality of life assessed with the questionnaire ESPRINT-15. The specific quality of life questionnaire (ESPRINT-15) was applied in over thousand untreated RA patients. Severity was evaluated by the m-ARIA classification, which categorizes AR as mild, moderate, and severe. Nasal symptoms were evaluated by using categorized (none, low, middle, and high) Total Four Symptom Score (T4SS). Using the m-ARIA severity classification, significant differences in quality of life, both global score and specific domains, and categorized T4SS were found among the AR severity groups. Modified ARIA severity classification in mild, moderate, and severe allergic rhinitis clearly discriminates the impact of AR in all domains of quality of life and categorized symptom`s score. Valero A A Munoz-Cano R R Sastre J J Navarro A M AM Marti-Guadano E E Davila I I Del Cuvillo A A Colas C C Antepara I I Izquierdo I I Mullol J J eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Non-invasive diagnostics of the maxillary and frontal sinuses based on diode laser gas spectroscopy. 26-32 Suspected, but objectively absent, rhinosinusitis constitutes a major cause of visits to the doctor, high health care costs, and the over-prescription of antibiotics, contributing to the serious problem of resistant bacteria. This situation is largely due to a lack of reliable and widely applicable diagnostic methods. A novel method for the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis based on non-intrusive diode laser gas spectroscopy is presented. The technique is based on light absorption by free gas (oxygen and water vapour) inside the sinuses, and has the potential to be a complementary diagnostic tool in primary health care. The method was evaluated on 40 patients with suspected sinus problems, referred to the diagnostic radiology clinic for low-dose computed tomography (CT), which was used as the reference technique. The data obtained with the new laser-based method correlated well with the grading of opacification and ventilation using CT. The sensitivity and specificity were estimated to be 93% and 61%, respectively, for the maxillary sinuses, and 94% and 86%, respectively, for the frontal sinuses. Good reproducibility was shown. The laser-based technique presents real-time clinical data that correlate well to CT findings, while being non-intrusive and avoiding the use of ionizing radiation. Lewander M M Lindberg S S Svensson T T Siemund R R Svanberg K K Svanberg S S eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Normal peak nasal inspiratory flow rate values in healthy children aged 6 to 11 years in the Netherlands. 22-5 The measurement of peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) is a simple, quick, easy to perform and cheap tool for determining the extent of nasal airway patency. However, normative data are rare and not available for Dutch children aged 6 to 11 years. Repeated PNIF measurements were obtained from 212 Dutch children of primary school age. Of these 212 children, 166 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our study. The influence of age, gender, ethnicity, weight and height on PNIF was studied. Age is the only parameter of influence on PNIF. All other parameters do not influence PNIF. Normative data are presented. PNIF measurements are possible in children aged six years and older. Age does influence PNIF, but gender, weight, height and ethnicity do not. van Spronsen E E Ebbens F A FA Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Assessment of chemosensory function using electroencephalographic techniques. 13-21 Electroencephalographic techniques are widely used to provide an objective evaluation of the chemosensory function and to explore neural mechanisms related to the processing of chemosensory events. The most popular technique to evaluate brain responses to chemosensory stimuli is across trial time-domain averaging to reveal chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP) embedded within the ongoing EEG. Nevertheless, this technique has a poor signal-to-noise ratio and cancels out stimulus-induced changes in the EEG signal that are not strictly phased-locked to stimulus onset. The fact that consistent CSERP are not systematically identifiable in healthy subjects currently constitutes a major limitation to the use of this technique for the diagnosis of chemosensory dysfunction. In this review, we will review the different techniques related to the recording and identification of CSERP, discuss some of their limitations, and propose some novel signal processing methods which could be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of chemosensory event-related brain responses. Rombaux Ph P Huart C C Mouraux A A eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 1 2012 Mar Rhinology Rhinology EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists. 1-12 The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 (1-4). The document contains chapters on definitions and classification, we now also proposed definitions for difficult to treat rhinosinusitis, control of disease and better definitions for rhinosinusitis in children. More emphasis is placed on the diagnosis and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Throughout the document the terms chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps are used to further point out differences in pathophysiology and treatment of these two entities. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. Last but not least all available evidence for management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is analyzed and presented and management schemes based on the evidence are proposed. This executive summary for otorhinolaryngologists focuses on the most important changes and issues for otorhinolaryngologists. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com. Fokkens W J WJ Lund V J VJ Mullol J J Bachert C C Alobid I I Baroody F F Cohen N N Cervin A A Douglas R R Gevaerts Ph P Georgalas C C Goossens H H Harvey R R Hellings P P Hopkins C C Jones N N Joos G G Kalogjera L L Kern B B Kowalski M M Price D D Riechelmann H H Schlosser R R Senior B B Thomas M M Toskala E E Voegels R R Wang D Y DY Wormald P J PJ eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun 1 Rhinology [Society News.] 221-223 OBITUARY - Jacques Valere Joseph Corneille Willemot (October 19,1928 - September 3, 2011) The view from the Netherlands - a short summary of the national rhinologic activities in the Netherlands Agenda of the General Assembly in Toulouse Meeting Calender. MUL JOURNAL ARTICLE

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology How we do it: Mini Posterior Septal Artery Flap for coverage after transphenoidal approaches. 218-20 We propose a novel posterior nasal flap for use in endoscopic approaches to the sella and parasellar region that involve resection of the sphenoid face and a posterior nasal septectomy. It involves elevation of the mucosa of the posterior septum and sphenoid face with preservation of the angiosome based on the posterior septal artery. This flap has the advantages of maximal mucosal preservation in order to optimize postoperative healing and has been demonstrated to permit future elevation of a complete naso-septal flap for reconstruction of anterior skull base defects. An illustration of the technique is provided. Khetani J D JD Micomonaco D C DC Wright E D ED eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal endoscopic approach for removal of intranasal nasal glial heterotopias. 211-7 Nasal Glial Heterotopias also called Nasal Gliomas (NG) are rare congenital tumours of the midline frontonasal space arising from a normal neurectodermal tissue entrapped during the closure of the anterior neuropore. Historically, such tumours were approached using a frontal craniotomy. The study aims to evaluate a fully endonasal endoscopic approach for intranasal NG removal. We report a retrospective study of intranasal and mixed NG treated using endonasal endoscopic techniques and computer assisted navigation system from 1997 to 2010 in two tertiary referral centres of Paediatric Otolaryngology. All tumours were investigated using two imaging modalities: craniofacial MRI and CT-scan. Fifteen patients were included (0 to 14 years of age). All tumours were totally removed and no recurrence was observed after a mean follow-up of 32 months. A skull base plasty was done in 13 cases to cover a bony defect or to treat a cerebrospinal leak. Nasal packing was usually removed 24 hours after surgery and all children were discharged home after 2 to 4 days. Removal of intranasal NGs using an endonasal endoscopic approach and a dedicated computer assisted navigation system is a safe and efficient procedure. Early management is recommended to treat neonatal airway obstruction. Bonne N-X NX Zago S S Hosana G G Vinchon M M Van den Abbeele T T Fayoux P P eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Sinonasal malignant melanoma: an analysis of 115 cases assessing outcomes of surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and endoscopic resection. 203-10 Melanomas account for 4% of sinonasal malignancies. We present the largest single institution series reported thus far and analyze the outcome with reference to lymph node involvement, radiotherapy and endoscopic resection. Survival and recurrence data were analyzed on sinonasal melanoma cases collected from 1963-2010 to com- pare treatment strategies and to ascertain factors predicting outcome. 115 cases (mean age 65.9) were treated at our institution during this period. All underwent surgical resection of the tumour, 31 (27%) endoscopically, and 51 (44%) also received radiotherapy. Five year overall survival was 28% and disease-free survival was 23.7%. Local control was achieved for a median of 21 months, 5-year disease control rate of 27.7%. Endoscopi- cally resected cases showed a significant overall survival advantage up to 5 years. Radiotherapy did not improve local control or survival. Cervical metastases conferred a dramatically worse outcome. Endoscopic resection of sinonasal melanoma does not prejudice outcome. The role of radiotherapy is unproven. Lund V J VJ Chisholm E J EJ Howard D J DJ Wei W I WI eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Juvenile angiofibroma: major and minor complications of preoperative embolization. 199-202 Juvenile angiofibromas (JA) are highly vascular, benign tumours for which surgery is the treatment of choice. In most services, embolisation is performed prior to resection. Nevertheless, there are few data on the complications of preoperative embolisation for JA. To describe major and minor complications of preoperative embolisation in a 32-year experience of patients undergoing surgical resection of JA at a tertiary hospital. Retrospective chart review study of 170 patients who underwent surgical resection of JA at a tertiary hospital between September 1976 and July 2008. All patients were male. Age ranged from 9 to 26 years. Ninety-one patients had no complications after embolisation. Overall, 105 complication events occurred of which four major and 101 minor. In our series, preoperative embolisation for JA produced no irreversible complications and no aesthetic or functional sequelae. The vast majority of complications were transient and amenable to clinical management. Ogawa A I AI Fornazieri M A MA da Silva L V LV Pinna F R FR Voegels R L RL Sennes L U LU Junior P P PP Caldas J G JG eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The microdebrider, a step forward or an expensive gadget? 191-8 Although the use of the microdebrider (shaver) is well known in endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), there is lack of evidence from comparative studies focussing on the difference in operating time, intra-operative blood loss and user- friendliness between the microdebrider and traditional operating techniques. In this study we compared the use of the microdebrider to conventional instruments in FESS in these areas. A prospective randomised double blind controlled trial in 60 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal poly- posis (CRSwNP) undergoing bilateral FESS. Each subject received FESS using only traditional instruments (Blakseley forceps) on one side and the other side with the additional use of the microdebrider, this way serving as their own control. The primary outcome was operation time, intra-operative blood loss and user friendliness and secondly safety and postoperative healing with a follow-up period at different time points up to three months postoperative. We found a 37% longer operating time when operating without a microdebrider. This difference was highly signifi- cant. The microdebrider scored significantly higher on every different parameter of user friendliness, except on the prepara- tion of the instrument needed before surgery. For estimated blood loss during surgery we found no differences. Also there was no significant difference in postoperative healing at any point of time. This study demonstrates that operating patient with CRSwNP with the microdebrider is efficient and that the microdebrider at the same time is safe and easy to use. Cornet M E ME Reinartz S M SM Georgalas C C van Spronsen E E Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Are too many septal deviations operated on? A retrospective patient`s satisfaction questionnaire with 11 years follow-up. 185-90 Not much is known about long-term satisfaction of septoplasty. The goalof this study was to assess disease specific quality of life outcomes as well as satisfaction at more than 10 years follow-up after septoplasty. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: The study was conducted as a retrospective questionnaire study (based on the NOSE scale) in which a questionnaire was sent to every patient and followed up by a telephone interview conducted in a tertiary otorhinolaryngologic clinic. 238 out of 369 patients who underwent septoplasty accepted to participate of which 222 were eligible. We found a significant reduction in NOSE score from 56.9 before surgery to 31.9 at follow-up. 68.0% experienced improved nasal breathing and 55.9% were satisfied with the overall outcome. Predictive analysis showed that only severity of symptoms before surgery was predictive of all final outcome parameters. Long-term outcome of septoplasty appears to be in line with shorter follow-up. Surprisingly a sizable difference was noted between rate of satisfaction and improvement in nasal breathing. It is important that the surgeon and patient have the same expectations to septoplasty as to avoid any inappropriate disappointment, which is more likely to occur if symptoms are not severe. Toyserkani N M NM Frisch T T eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Olfaction after endoscopic sinus surgery: long-term results. 178-84 Loss of olfactory function is one of the main symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. This prospective, non-ran- domized interventional study reports five years results of olfaction of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in conjunction with topical medical treatment. Forty-five patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated preoperatively, after three months and 34 (76%) of them after five years. Olfactory function was assessed by a subjective visual analogue scale, by a screening test of olfaction with Smell Diskettes and by measuring the N-Butanol threshold. Patient`s subjective sense of olfaction using a visual analogue scale was improved in 79% at 5 years. Objective measurements by Smell Diskettes improved in 53% at 5 years whilst the quantitative measure- ment by the N-Butanol threshold improved in 85% at 5 years. The high percentage of patients with improvement of olfaction five years after surgery indicates that endoscopic sinus surgery in conjunction with continued topical treatment leads to a long term improvement of the sense of smell. However, it was found that - measured by the sensitive N-Butanol threshold - up to 9% had no improvement and 6% had deterioration in their olfaction at 5 years after endoscopic sinus surgery. This fact has to be considered in the preoperative counselling of patients. Briner H R HR Jones N N Simmen D D eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Oral and intranasal steroid treatments improve nasal patency and paradoxically increase nasal nitric oxide in patients with severe nasal polyposis. 171-7 Recently, we demonstrated that acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements correlated with nasal cavity volumes in patients with nasal polyposis (NP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether AR and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) are useful methods in monitoring and follow-up of medical treatment of NP. Patients with severe nasal polyps were randomized into two groups after a 4-week steroid washout period (w0): a treatment group received oral prednisone for 2 weeks (w2) and intranasal budesonide for 12 weeks (w12) while the control group received no steroid treatment. Nasal volume (Vol 0-6), minimum cross-sectional area (mCSA), nNO, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), nasal obstruction, and smell loss were evaluated. At w2, the treatment group showed a significant increase of vol 0-6 compared to w0 and the control group. The mCSA area also increased compared to w0 and the control group. At w12, the improvement in vol 0-6 and mCSA was maintained after intranasal steroids compared to w0. At w2, the treatment group showed a paradoxical increase of nNO compared to w0 and the control group. At w12, this increase was maintained by intranasal steroids. Both oral and intranasal steroid treatments improve nasal patency and paradoxically increase nNO, by opening the ostiomeatal complex. This suggests that AR and nNO are useful methods in the monitoring and follow-up of patients with NP. Alobid I I Benitez P P Valero A A Munoz R R Langdon C C Mullol J J eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Combined transnasal transcervical robotic dissection of posterior skull base: feasibility in a cadaveric model. 165-70 The current surgical trend is to expand the variety of minimally invasive approaches and, in particular, the possible application of robotic surgery in head and neck surgery. For this purpose, we explored the feasibility of a combined transcervical-transnasal approach to the posterior skull base, using the da Vinci Surgical System in 3 cadaver heads. Superb visualization of the sellar, suprasellar and clival regions was possible in all three specimens. The trocars` placement through a transcervical port made a more cephalad visualization possible, eliminating the need to split the palate. The advantages of robotic surgery applied to the posterior cranial fossa are similar to the ones already clinically experienced in other districts (oropharynx, tongue base), in terms of tremor-free, bimanual, precise dissection. The implementation of instruments for bony work will definitely increase the applicability of such a system in the forthcoming years. Dallan I I Castelnuovo P P Seccia V V Battaglia P P Montevecchi F F Tschabitscher M M Vicini C C eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Numerical simulation of humidification and heating during inspiration within an adult nose. 157-64 The temperature of inhaled air is highly relevant for the humidification process. Narrow anatomical conditions limit possibilities for in vivo measurements. Numerical simulations offer a great potential to examine the function of the human nose. In the present study, the nasal humidification of inhaled air was simulated simultaneously with temperature distribution during a respiratory cycle. A realistic nose model based on a multislice CT scan was created. The simulation was performed by the Software Fluent(r). Boundary conditions were based on previous in vivo measurements. Inhaled air had a temperature of 20(deg)C and relative humidity of 30%. The wall temperature was assumed to be variable from 34(deg)C to 30(deg)C with constant humidity saturation of 100% during the respiratory cycle. A substantial increase in temperature and humidity can be observed after passing the nasal valve area. Areas with high speed air flow, e.g. the space around the turbinates, show an intensive humidification and heating potential. Inspired air reaches 95% humidity and 28(deg)C within the nasopharynx. The human nose features an enormous humidification and heating capability. Warming and humidification are dependent on each other and show a similar spacial pattern. Concerning the climatisation function, the middle turbinate is of high importance. In contrast to in vivo measurements, numerical simulations can explore the impact of airflow distribution on nasal air conditioning. They are an effective method to investigate nasal pathologies and impacts of surgical procedures. Sommer F F Kroger R R Lindemann J J eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Lysozyme expression is increased in the sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. 147-56 The presence of fungi and bacteria in the paranasal sinuses may contribute to ongoing inflammation. Lyso- zyme is an innate immune peptide with bactericidal and fungicidal activity. The expression of lysozyme in chronic rhinosinu- sitis (CRS) is poorly understood and deficiencies in lysozyme expression may contribute to the ongoing inflammation in CRS patients. Determine lysozyme expression in sinus mucosa of normal and CRS patients with (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. Sinus mucosa specimens (n = 82) were processed for standard histology, immunohistochemical localisation of lysozyme, immunofluorescent localisation of fungi, and qPCR analysis of lysozyme expression. CRS specimens displayed high-levels of lysozyme immunoreactivity in many of the abundant serous cells. Moderate levels were detected in some epithelial cells and inflammatory cells. Low levels were detected in some subepithelial glands of control specimens. No difference in immunoreactivity was detected between CRSwNP and CRSsNP specimens. Fungal elements were not visualised in any sinus specimen. qPCR analysis demonstrated variable lysozyme expression between individuals. Lysozyme protein expression is increased in patients with CRS, suggesting a defect in lysozyme expression is not responsible for the microbial colonisation often associated with CRS. The functional activity of lysozyme in CRS patients needs to be further investigated. Woods C M CM Lee V S VS Hussey D J DJ Irandoust S S Ooi E H EH Tan L W LW Carney A S AS eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A prospective study of bacterial flora in nasal cavity of patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. 139-46 It remains unanswered whether persistent allergic inflammation in nasal mucosa alters bacterial colonization and infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial flora in the nasal cavity of patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) and to correlate the bacteriological findings with presence of nasal symptoms, nasal eosinophil and neutrophil counts. A total of 255 subjects, aged between 6 - 74 years (mean 33.9 years) was randomly selected from a population-based rhinitis survey study in Singapore. All subjects went through a thorough medical history and nasal examinations. Serum specific IgE to a panel of common house dust mites, nasal cytological and microbiological examinations were performed. PAR was diagnosed in 107 patients and none of them had received previous regular therapy. There is a significant relationship between PAR and eosinophil grades, but not with neutrophil count. No statistically significant difference was found in quantitative and qualitative bacterial flora in nasal cavity between PAR patients and subjects with non-rhinitis or with non-allergic rhinitis. There is a significant inverse correlation between ongoing rhinorrhoea and quantitative bacterial load, and between signs of nasal mucosa (pale and edema) and the presence and type of bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that patients with untreated (or using PRN medicine) PAR do not result in a significant change in bacterial flora in their nasal cavity. Taylor M B MB Tan I T IT Chan K T KT Shen L L Shi L L Wang D Y DY eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in Sao Paulo. 129-38 Studies designed to investigate chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) epidemiology play an important role to assess population`s distribution and risk factors to result in the development and promotion of public health policies. This study design is a survey carried out with a complex two-stage cluster sampling plan. Personal interviews were carried out with 2,003 individuals. The questionnaire included the epidemiological criteria for CRS. Demographic data, history of physician-diagnosed respiratory diseases (asthma, sinusitis, rhinitis), smoking, family income, educational attainment, and household characteristics were also evaluated. The overall response rate was 93.9% of the households. Mean age was 39.8 +- 21 years; 45.33% were male. The overall prevalence of CRS in the city of Sao Paulo was 5.51%. We found a significant association between diagnosis of CRS and diagnosis of asthma and CRS and diagnosis of rhinitis and a significant association between presence of CRS and belonging to the low-income subgroup. The municipality of Sao Paulo has an urban population of 11 million. According to the present study, the prevalence of CRS is 5.51%, which represents more than 500,000 individuals affected by this condition in the city. Pilan R R RR Pinna F R FR Bezerra T F TF Mori R L RL Padua F G FG Bento R F RF Perez-Novo C C Bachert C C Voegels R L RL eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Allergic rhinitis and associated factors in schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia. 122-8 Allergic rhinitis is one of the most frequent chronic diseases among children. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with self-reported allergic rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: We followed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology. Our sample included 3,256 children aged 6 - 7 and 3,830 adolescents aged 13 - 14 years. The prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis symptoms was 30.8% among children and 36.6% among adoles- cents. Factors associated with self-reported allergic rhinitis among children included current asthma and atopic dermatitis symptoms; use of acetaminophen in the first year of life and in the last 12 months; antibiotic use in the first year of life; high- school and university maternal education; smokers at home; and caesarean delivery. Among adolescents, associated factors included current asthma and atopic dermatitis symptoms; current acetaminophen use once per month; frequent fast-food consumption; cat exposure at home; and smoking. Further exploration of factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms is needed. Penaranda A A Aristizabal G G Garcia E E Vasquez C C Rodriguez-Martinez C E CE Satizabal C L CL eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Gene therapy and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 115-21 In 2003, a non-replicating adenoviral gene therapy product received the world`s first government licence for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Two years later approval was granted to a replication-selective adenovirus for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in combination with chemotherapy. This review introduces the reader to gene therapy as an emerging treatment modality, and outlines its application to the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by examining recent pre-clinical and clinical research. Hughes J J Alusi G G Wang Y Y eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 50 2 2012 Jun Rhinology Rhinology This and that ! 113-4 We have deliberately printed the June issue early so that it would be readily available for our European Rhinologic Society biennial meeting in Toulouse, which I very much hope you will be attending (www.ers-isian2012.com). Toulouse is a wonderful city (la Ville Rose) especially in July and is a cultural and gastronomic epicentre, which will provide us with a wonderful backdrop to what I know will be an excellent scientific meeting. Some of the topics covered in this issue will undoubtedly be the subject of discussion in the many plenary sessions, symposia, free papers and posters during the meeting. Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article

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0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Surgical closure of nasal septal perforation. Early and long term observations. 486-91 Results of surgical treatment of nasal septal perforation are usually evaluated using closure of the perforation as criterion of success. Patients, however, may still have symptoms. To assess the long-term results of surgical treatment of nasal septal perforation with bilateral, posterior based mucoperichondrial septal flaps using a four-point symptom score to ultimately improve treatment and selection criteria. Patients were seen 6 months postoperatively. Questionnaires were sent to 116 surviving patients in 2008-2009. The response was 104. Patients reporting moderate or severe symptoms were seen as outpatients. Between 1987 and 2004, 126 patients were surgically treated using posterior based bilateral mucoperichondrial septal flaps. Sixteen patients had a reperforation during the first 3 months, and another 3 several years later. There was no correlation between early outcome and diagnosis, preoperative size of the perforation, gender or severity of preoperative crusting. There was an increased rate of reperforation with increasing age. Complications seen at the 6 months` follow-up of patients with closed perforations were lachrymal duct stenosis, partial vestibular stenosis, hypoesthesia, crusting and septal deviation, most of which were treatable. Long-term observation mean 10 years) of the same patients showed the following moderate or severe symptoms: crusting, obstruction and bleeding, mainly in men. Obstruction was often due to various forms of perennial rhinitis, sometimes to crusting and more rarely to septal deviation. Crusting was the only independent symptom. There was no correlation between crusting and diagnosis, preoperative size of the perforation, age or severity of preoperative crusting. Results of the surgical technique using posterior based bilateral mucoperichondrial septal flaps for treatment of nasal septal perforations were good, but depend on surgical expertise and age of the patient. Long-term results from other studies will be a guide to choose the proper surgical procedure to minimize the number of late symptoms. Prosthetic treatment cans be an alternative. Patients with return of symptoms should seek further advice. Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway. livd@lds.no Dosen L K LK Haye R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Nasal Septal Perforation surgery Questionnaires Surgical Flaps Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991577 21991576 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Altered expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papillomas. 479-85 E-cadherin and &#946;-catenin are molecules that mediate cell-cell adhesion in normal epithelium. Aberrant expression of these adhesion molecules results in the loss of intercellular adhesion, with possible cell transformation and tumour progression. We determined the role of E-cadherin and &#946;-catenin in the pathogenesis of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) and its malignant transformation. We determined the expression of E-cadherin and &#946;-catenin by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue of 21 subjects with nasal polyps, 56 with IPs, 7 IPs with dysplasia and 18 IPs with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The clinicopathological variables of the IPs with SCC correlated with the degree of expression of E-cadherin and &#946;-catenin. The degree of expression of E-cadherin and &#946;-catenin in the cell membrane was significantly lower in IPs with SCC than in nasal polyps and IPs. The degree of expression of &#946;-catenin was significantly lower in IPs with SCC with a malignant proportion > 50% compared to a malignant proportion &#8804; 50%. However, there was no significant association between the degree of expression of E-cadherin and &#946;-catenin and clinicopathological variables, such as age, gender, T stage, tumour differentiation, or SCC type (metachronous vs. synchronous). In addition, there was no significant relationship between recurrence or survival rate in IPs with SCC and the degree of expression of E-cadherin or &#946;-catenin in the cell membrane or nuclear &#946;-catenin. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and &#946;-catenin in the cell membrane may be associated with carcinogenesis of IPs and help predict malignant transformation in sinonasal IPs. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. Koo B S BS Jung B J BJ Kim S G SG Liang Z L ZL Yeong M K MK Rha K S KS eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cadherins 0 beta Catenin IM Adolescent Adult Aged, 80 and over Cadherins metabolism Carcinoma, Squamous Cell metabolism pathology Cell Membrane metabolism Cell Transformation, Neoplastic metabolism Child Epithelium metabolism Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Papilloma, Inverted metabolism pathology Paraffin Embedding Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms metabolism pathology Young Adult beta Catenin metabolism 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991576 21991575 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology On the effectiveness of treatment options in epistaxis: an analysis of 678 interventions. 474-8 Epistaxis represents one of the most common emergencies in ENT clinics around the world. It creates great physical and emotional stress to the patient as well as a financial burden on health-care systems. A lot of research has been performed with regard to aetiology and possible treatment, however, not much effort has been put into analysing the effectiveness of common treatment forms. It is the objective of this study to clarify which of these treatment forms is reliable. Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: 2b. Between 03/2007 and 04/2008, all epistaxis therapies including relapses and treatment failures at the University Hospital of Zurich have been documented using a computerised questionnaire. Different treatments were compared to each other. An analysis of 678 interventions in 537 patients was performed with emphasis on failure proportions and time to occurrence. The estimated failure proportions of coagulation in anterior epistaxis accounts for 14%. Successful treatment of epistaxis in posterior bleedings could be achieved in 62% by packing and in 97% by surgery with a statistically significant difference between the respective groups. Using our treatment options, anterior epistaxis can be cured reliably by cauterisation. Surgical therapies in posterior bleedings are able to successfully salvage failed packing therapies. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. micheal@soyka.ch Soyka M B MB Nikolaou G G Rufibach K K Holzmann D D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 FloSeal Matrix IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Electrocoagulation Epistaxis surgery therapy Female Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Treatment Failure Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991575 21991574 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between pressure and volume when using Rapid Rhino(r) packs in the management of epistaxis. 470-3 Despite the popularity of Rapid Rhino packs, there are no clear guidelines regarding the volume of air to be inflated when used in the management of epistaxis. The manufacturers suggest that subjective assessment by pilot cuff palpation is used to guide inflation. However, studies have clearly demonstrated that clinicians are poor at judging balloon pressure by pilot cuff palpation when used in other settings. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the volume of air inflated and the resultant intra-nasal pressure generated by nasal balloon packing. Twelve healthy subjects were packed with 5.5 cm Rapid Rhino packs, which were connected to a manometer and 20 ml syringe via a 3-way tap in a closed circuit. Increments of 2.5 mls of air were inflated and the resultant intra-nasal pack pressure was measured. There appeared to be a linear relationship between increasing volume and pack pressure. However, between individuals, there was a large variation in the intra-nasal pack pressure produced for a given fixed volume of air inflated. This is presumably due to variations in nasal anatomy. It may be that a manometer-measured, pressure guided nasal pack inflation technique would represent best practice, especially for less experienced staff. Milton Keynes General Hospital, Milton Keynes, UK. samuelmackeith@doctors.org.uk Mackeith S S Hettige R R Falzon A A Draper M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Air Pressure Epistaxis therapy Equipment Design Female Humans Male Manometry Tampons, Surgical standards 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991574 21991573 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Role of cAMP-PKA/CREB pathway in regulation of AQP 5 production in rat nasal epithelium. 464-9 Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel protein. In this study, we investigated the possible role of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (cAMP-PKA/CREB) pathway in the regulation of AQP5 in nasal epithelial cells. Rat nasal epithelial cells were cultured and treated with the PKA inhibitor H89 or cAMP inducing medicine forskolin for 12 or 24 hours in vitro. AQP5 and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) at serine133 (Ser133) were detected by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting or real-time PCR. Experiments were repeated 10 times. After treatment with H89 for 12 or 24 hours, the number of cells positive for AQP5 and p-CREB (Ser133) were decreased, p-CREB (Ser133) and AQP5 protein decreased, and AQP5 mRNA decreased. After treatment with forskolin for 12 or 24 hours, the number of p-CREB (Ser133) and AQP5 positive cells increased, p-CREB (Ser133) and AQP5 protein increased, and AQP5 mRNA was increased. Both H89 (PKA inhibitor) and forskolin (cAMP inducing medicine) regulate AQP5 production through the cAMP-PKA/CREB pathway, which could influence the secretory function of the submucosal glands in nasal epithelium. Department of Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian, China. Wang W W Zheng M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 AQP5 protein, human 0 Aquaporin 5 0 CREB1 protein, human 0 Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein 0 Isoquinolines 0 Nerve Tissue Proteins 0 Protein Kinase Inhibitors 0 Sulfonamides 127243-85-0 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide 60-92-4 Cyclic AMP 66428-89-5 Forskolin IM Animals Aquaporin 5 metabolism Blotting, Western Cyclic AMP physiology Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein physiology Epithelium metabolism Forskolin metabolism Immunohistochemistry Isoquinolines metabolism Nasal Mucosa physiology Nerve Tissue Proteins physiology Phosphorylation Protein Kinase Inhibitors metabolism Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Sulfonamides metabolism 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991573 21991572 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Differences in anosmic and normosmic group in bimodal odorant perception: a functional- MRI study. 458-63 So-called bimodal odorants are able to stimulate the intranasal trigeminal system at relatively low concentrations. Using them as stimuli, the current study focused on the interaction between the olfactory and trigeminal systems at a cerebral level. In the experiment, menthol was used at two concentrations, low and high, and these were delivered to two groups of subjects, a healthy control group and an anosmic group who were unable to perceive smells. A computer-controlled olfactometer based on principles of air-dilution was used to deliver the stimuli, while the brain functions were assessed by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. SPM5 was used for data analysis. The results showed that normosmic subjects exhibited activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and cerebellum. Whilst anosmic subjects activated the same area inside the anterior cingulate; moreover a cluster of activation was found in the left parahippocampal gyrus. In controls, an effect of stimulus intensity was localized between the anterior cingulated, the medial frontal gyrus and the cerebellum; such areas could not be found in anosmic subjects. These results suggest that the olfactory system modifies trigeminally mediated information causing an evident effect in the differentiation between stimulus intensities. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany. Emilia.Iannilli@uniklinikum-dresden.de Iannilli E E Bitter T T Gudziol H H Burmeister H P HP Mentzel H J HJ Chopra A P S AP Hummel T T eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 1490-04-6 Menthol IM Adult Cerebellum physiology Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Menthol Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders Prefrontal Cortex physiology Smell physiology Trigeminal Nerve physiology 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991572 21991571 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology The menthol and cold sensation receptor TRPM8 in normal human nasal mucosa and rhinitis. 453-7 Menthol and cold sensation trigger symptoms and reflex responses in the upper airway, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We have therefore studied nerve fibres expressing the menthol and cold receptor TRPM8 in normal human mucosa, and in rhinitis. TRPM8 nerve fibres were compared with those expressing other TRP receptors including TRPV1 (capsaicin and heat receptor), and TRPA1 (mechano-cold receptor). Immunohistology and image-analysis were used to study TRP receptors in biopsies of nasal turbinate from control subjects, patients with allergic rhinitis, and non-allergic rhinitis. TRPM8-immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed in the sub-epithelium, and were profuse around blood vessels in deeper regions, where they were markedly greater in number than TRPV1+ fibers. Image analysis of TRPM8 in sub-epithelial and vascular regions showed no significant differences between control and the rhinitis patient groups. TRPA1-immunoreactivity was weak and seen rarely in nerve fibres. We show that TRPM8 nerve fibres are abundant in nasal mucosa particularly around blood vessels, and may mediate neurovascular reflexes. TRPM8 antagonists deserve consideration for therapeutic trial in rhinitis. Imperial College London, London, UK. Keh S M SM Facer P P Yehia A A Sandhu G G Saleh H A HA Anand P P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Calcium Channels 0 Nerve Tissue Proteins 0 TRPA1 protein, human 0 TRPM Cation Channels 0 TRPM8 protein, human 0 TRPV Cation Channels 0 TRPV1 protein, human 0 Transient Receptor Potential Channels IM Adult Aged Calcium Channels metabolism Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa innervation metabolism Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism Rhinitis drug therapy metabolism TRPM Cation Channels antagonists & inhibitors metabolism TRPV Cation Channels metabolism Transient Receptor Potential Channels metabolism 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991571 21991570 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Carbon nanotubes have a deleterious effect on the nose: the first in vitro data. 445-52 The information currently available concerning carbon nanotubes toxicity is disturbing and conflicting. Moreover, little is known about their effect on the nasal cavities, which are the first target for nanoparticles. We investigated the cytotoxicity (50 to 0.5 microg/mL) of double-walled carbon nanotube with two independent tests (MTT, Wst-1) on normal human nasal epithelial cells after 12-day exposure (control untreated nasal cells and A549). Nasal cell differentiation function, oxidative stress, the morphological features of cells in contact with DWCNTs and the localizations of the latter were also investigated. Exposure revealed a dose-dependent decrease in cell metabolic activity and cell growth. In nearly all conditions, normal human nasal epithelial cells were more sensitive than malignant ones. Even with both tests, the cytotoxic threshold dose could not be accurately determined because of dye adsorption by DWCNTs. Nasal cells showed stronger cytokeratin 7 and persistent UEA-I immunostaining. Cytokeratin 19 production was increased at 25 microg/mL and mucus production was stimulated from 0.5 microg/mL. A significant increase in Reactive Oxygen Species was observed from 25 microg/mL. The cell plasma membrane showed several holes and DWCNTs were present in the cytoplasm. DWCNTs seem to have a deleterious effect on nasal cells after 12-day exposure. Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, F33076 France. ludovic.de-gabory@chu-bordeaux.fr de Gabory L L Bareille R R Daculsi R R Daculsi R R L Azou B J BJ Flahaut E E Bordenave L L eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Keratin-19 0 Nanotubes, Carbon IM Cell Differentiation Cell Membrane drug effects Cells, Cultured Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Epithelial Cells drug effects Humans Immunohistochemistry Keratin-19 metabolism Mucus metabolism Nanotubes, Carbon adverse effects Nasal Mucosa cytology drug effects Oxidative Stress physiology 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991570 21991569 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Computed tomography findings after endoscopic sinus surgery with preserving or enlarging maxillary sinus ostium surgery. 438-44 Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the main surgical approach in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) after failure of medical treatment. ESS is based on the theory that obstruction of the maxillary sinus ostium is mainly behind the pathogenesis of CRS. Controversy remains concerning the enlargement of the natural maxillary sinus ostium. The aim of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) findings after preservation or enlargement of the maxillary sinus ostium. Thirty patients with non-polypous CRS underwent randomized endoscopic sinus surgery with uncinectomy on one side and additional middle meatal antrostomy on the other side. Lund-Mackay (LM) scores and the ostium diameters were analysed from CT scans taken preoperatively and nine months postoperatively, and were used for comparison of the two operative techniques. In addition, the correlation between CT findings and subjective outcomes was studied. Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative CT scans revealed that significant reduction of LM score was achieved on both sides, regardless of the type of procedure performed. The postoperative area of the ostium remained significantly larger on the antrostomy side compared to the uncinectomy side. A large maxillary sinus ostium size seems to associate with lower postoperative LM score, but does not seem to provide superior symptom relief. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. jyri.myller@phsotey.fi Myller J J Dastidar P P Torkkeli T T Rautiainen M M Toppila-Salmi S S eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy methods Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography surgery Middle Aged Postoperative Period Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991569 21991568 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of an image-guided navigation system in the training of functional endoscopic sinus surgeons. A prospective, randomised clinical study. 429-37 Many sinus surgeons report improved spatial orientation after using a navigation system. This study investigates the surgical, ergonomic and economic aspects of using a navigation system in training and teaching. Eight rhino-surgeons in training and 32 patients with bilateral diseases of the paranasal sinus system were included. After randomisation, one patient`s side was operated on with a navigation system while the other side was operated on without navigation. It was monitored how often the surgeon used the navigation pointer and then changed the procedures. A standardised and validated interview recorded the cognitive load when using the navigation system and the application efficiency. The operations lasted on average 16 minutes longer with the navigation. Five paranasal sinuses could not be found in the control group without navigation. In only 10-13% of cases did the surgical procedure change after the use of the pointer. Most of the surgeons admitted that particular steps of the operation were more reliable and safer to carry out with the navigation system. The general trust in the system rose in proportion to intraoperative accuracy and repeated use. Overall, there was an overwhelming level of trust in the navigation system. Trainee sinus surgeons seeing their more experienced colleagues using a navigation device tend to overestimate the possibilities of the system and to underestimate the risks. The assistance system was used particularly effectively in the group of slightly more experienced surgeons. In this group, the additional expenditure of time was less and the navigation substantially contributed to reinforcing the anatomical sense of direction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. Klaus.stelter@med.uni-muenchen.de Stelter K K Ertl-Wagner B B Luz M M Muller S S Ledderose G G Siedek V V Berghaus A A Arpe S S Leunig A A eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Clinical Competence Endoscopy education Female Humans Male Middle Aged Otolaryngology education Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Prospective Studies Single-Blind Method Surgery, Computer-Assisted Workload 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991568 21991567 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology A multi-centre study on quality of life and absenteeism in patients with CRS referred for endoscopic surgery. 420-8 This study summarises the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores and absenteeism caused by sinus problems in patients awaiting surgery with the diagnoses recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRS+NP) or CRS without nasal polyps (CRS-NP), in a prospective multi-centre study. Two hundred and seven patients with RARS, CRS+NP or CRS-NP were enrolled. EP3OS definitions of CRS and NP were used. The patients completed the 22 Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), the short-form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and a total Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) regarding rhinosinusitis symptoms. SNOT-22 and VAS scores indicated severe disease. Comparison of the HRQOL scores in the three rhinosinusitis subgroups showed statistical differences in nine of the SNOT-22 items and in the SF-36 subscale of bodily pain. Mean scores of SF-36 were significantly lower than that of the normal Swedish population. According to the HAD scores, 28% of the patients had probable or possible anxiety or depression disorder. Fifty-seven percent of the patients reported absenteeism from work due to sinus problems. RARS, CRS+NP and CRS-NP significantly decrease HRQOL. Some statistically significant differences in HRQOL were found between the three rhinosinusitis subgroups. Absenteeism due to chronic sinus conditions is considerable. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. pernilla.sahlstrand_johnson@med.lu.se Sahlstrand-Johnson P P Ohlsson B B Von Buchwald C C Jannert M M eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Absenteeism Chronic Disease Health Status Indicators Humans Nasal Polyps surgery Pain Measurement Prospective Studies Quality of Life Rhinitis psychology surgery Sinusitis psychology surgery 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991567 21991566 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Predictors of post-operative response to treatment: a double blind placebo controlled study in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. 413-9 In the majority of CRS patients suffering from primary or recurrent CRS, topical glucocorticoids are highly effective. A subset of CRS patients, however, does not respond to (topical) glucocorticoids and requires surgical intervention. Although surgery is highly effective in those individuals, recurrence of disease is observed in some. In this study we describe our search for one or more predictors predicting the response to surgery in combination with peri-operative oral glucocorticoids in CRS patients. Thirty-five inferior turbinate specimens were randomly selected from a larger group of CRS patients requiring FESS for persistent disease that either responded favorably or demonstrated recurrent disease. Tissue biopsies were taken at the time of surgery and compared for inflammatory markers, endothelial cell markers, and various leukocyte subsets using immunohistochemistry. Compared to non-responders, the baseline level of lamina propria activated eosinophils is significantly increased in CRS patients responding to surgery in combination with peri-operative oral glucocorticoids treated or not treated post-operatively with topical glucocorticoids. No significant differences were observed for all other studied parameters. Post-operative treatment with FPANS 100 μg q.i.d. was significantly associated with response to treatment. A trend towards association was observed for increased numbers of eosinophils at baseline. Our data suggest that CRS patients with higher levels of eosinophils are less likely to suffer from post-operative recurrent sinonasal disease when treated post-operatively with FPANS 100 μg q.i.d. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. f.a.ebbens@amc.uva.nl Ebbens F A FA Toppila-Salmi S S de Groot E J J EJ Renkonen J J Renkonen R R van Drunen C M CM Dijkgraaf M G W MG Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Antibodies, Monoclonal 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Nasal Sprays 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Adult Aged Androstadienes administration & dosage Antibodies, Monoclonal Chronic Disease Combined Modality Therapy Double-Blind Method Endoscopy Eosinophils metabolism Female Glucocorticoids therapeutic use Humans Immunohistochemistry Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Mucous Membrane metabolism Nasal Sprays Recurrence Rhinitis drug therapy metabolism surgery Sinusitis drug therapy metabolism surgery Treatment Outcome 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991566 21991565 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Ciliary function of the nose in patients with Osler`s disease and the effect of topically applied estrogens as a nose ointment. 407-12 In recent years, the positive effect of topically applied estriol nose ointment in the adjuvant therapy of Morbus-Rendu-Osler (HHT) has been proven. Due to the induced metaplasia, a complete destruction of the ciliated cells may be expected. However, data regarding the ciliary function of HHT patients with and without the use of topical estriol application are currently lacking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: Ciliated samples were obtained by gently brushing the inferior nasal turbinate of 19 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with known HHT (8 of them regularly using 0.1% estriol nose ointment for 2 years (HHTwE) and 7 of them not using the ointment in the last 12 months (HHTwoE)). Analysis was done with an inverted phase contrast microscope connected to a high-speed digital camera. Recorded parameters were the visual integrity (VI) of the ciliary beat and its frequency (CBF) in Hz. The VI index of all samples showed an undisrupted, even beating pattern with a difference between the three groups. The mean CBF in all HHT patients was reduced compared to the control group`s mean CBF. Within the HHT group itself, the mean CBF was reduced in the HHTwE group compared to the HHTwoE group. The ciliary beat frequency of HHT patients is impaired compared to the control group and even more so if the HHT patients topically apply estriol more than 6 months. An undisrupted beating pattern is found in the HHTwE group despite the fact that estrogens induce a transformation of the ciliated columnar into a keratinizing squamous epithelium. This data may justify the adjuvant application of estriol as a nose ointment in the treatment of epistaxis in HHT patients without the fear of damage to the nose`s mucus clearance. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Germany. ulrich.sommer@umm.de Sommer J U JU Stuck B A BA Heiser C C Kassner S S SS Hormann K K Sadick H H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Ointments 50-27-1 Estriol IM Administration, Topical Adult Cilia drug effects physiology Estriol administration & dosage Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose physiopathology Ointments Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic drug therapy physiopathology 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991565 21991564 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance in former smokers with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease relates to the presence of a chronic bronchitis phenotype. 397-406 Associations between nasal and bronchial impairment have been repeatedly described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) in COPD patients is not yet fully understood. We studied nasal MCC parameters in COPD patients and compared them with healthy adults (HA) and with cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with compromised MCC. An observational study of 98 COPD ex-smokers and subjects from control groups evaluated for nasal MCC time (NMCCt) and by digital video microscopy of nasal mucosa recording ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern. The NMCCt was decreased in HA compared to those with COPD and decreased in those with COPD compared to those with CF. CBF in COPD was lower compared to HA. The index of ciliary dyskinesia in COPD patients differed from HA. We detected higher NMCCt and lower nasal CBF in patients with chronic bronchitis phenotype (CB) compared to non-CB patients. We confirmed the presence of impaired nasal MCC in COPD ex-smokers. These impairments were apparent predominantly in the CB phenotype. Pulmonary Department, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. koblizek@fnhk.cz Koblizek V V Tomsova M M Cermakova E E Papousek P P Pracharova S S Mandalia R A A RA Ceral J J Novosad J J Fila L L Sedlak V V Ruta J J Bartos V V Salajka F F Hrnciarik M M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Bronchitis genetics physiopathology Cilia physiology Ciliary Motility Disorders epidemiology physiopathology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance Nose physiopathology Phenotype Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology physiopathology Respiratory Function Tests Smoking epidemiology physiopathology 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991564 21991563 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Mucosal eosinophilia and recurrence of nasal polyps - new classification of chronic rhinosinusitis. 392-6 Eosinophils and nasal polyps are believed to affect the surgical outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS is classified based on the presence of nasal polyps in western countries. The majority of patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRS with NP) are characterized by predominantly eosinophilic inflammation. However, Asian patients with CRS with NP show characteristics indicative of neutrophilic inflammation. Therefore, are eosinophils or nasal polyps more important for the classification of CRS? A prospective cohort study conducted from April 2007 to March 2008 classified patients with CRS based on the presence of nasal polyps and mucosal eosinophilia. The recurrence rate of nasal polyps was compared between the groups. Recurrence rate was analysed as a time-dependent variable by the Kaplan-Meier method. Eosinophilic inflammation was found in 59.6% of patients with CRS with NP. Patients with mucosal eosinophilia had higher polyp recurrence rate than patients without mucosal eosinophilia, whereas patients with nasal polyps did not have higher polyp recurrence rate than patients without nasal polyps. Presence of mucosal eosinophilia is a more important factor than nasal polyps for classifying CRS in terms of the surgical outcome. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nakayama-t@jikei.ac.jp Nakayama T T Yoshikawa M M Asaka D D Okushi T T Matsuwaki Y Y Otori N N Hama T T Moriyama H H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Chronic Disease Eosinophilia epidemiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa Nasal Polyps epidemiology Prognosis Prospective Studies Recurrence Rhinitis classification epidemiology Sinusitis classification epidemiology 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991563 21991562 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Catarrh - the patient experience. 387-91 No study to date has looked at the symptoms of chronic catarrh as defined by the patients themselves. We looked to explore the catarrh experience through the eyes of patients using a qualitative approach. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: Forty-eight patients referred to Secondary Care with chronic catarrh, postnasal drip or persistent throat clearing completed an open-ended questionnaire from which a comprehensive symptom list was generated. Nineteen of these patients undertook semi-structured interviews to explore symptomatic themes relating to their catarrh using grounded theory analysis. A standardised list of 38 catarrh-related symptoms was generated covering a wide topography. A common theme amongst interviewees was the frustration of being unable to expectorate mucus rather than expelling too much. Difficulties exist in establishing whether the extensive list of symptoms associated with catarrh is a result of differing experiences for patients or simply differing lexicon describing the same experience. Many of these symptoms are not included in the most commonly used nose/throat symptom instruments. Furthermore a distinction should be made between patients with true rhinitis who expel mucus and those who present with apparent postnasal drip or throat clearing but who cannot expectorate, whose management ought be focused more on symptom-coping strategies rather than medication or investigation. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. r.cathcart@nhs.net Cathcart R A RA Wilson J A JA eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Humans Primary Health Care Rhinitis diagnosis psychology 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991562 21991561 2011 10 12 2012 01 17

0300-0729 49 4 2011 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Epistaxis management: evaluation of old tricks and new treatment options. 385-6 Fokkens W J WJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Epistaxis therapy Hemostatic Techniques Humans 2011 10 13 6 0 2011 10 13 6 0 2012 1 18 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21991561 21485038 2011 04 08 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Low priority procedures--a uniquely British concept. 1 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Great Britain Humans National Health Programs Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures statistics & numerical data 2011 4 13 6 0 2011 4 13 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 21485038 21468388 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Paradoxical increase in nasal airway resistance following a topical nasal decongestant spray. 127 Doddi N M NM Eccles R R eng Case Reports Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Adult Humans Imidazoles adverse effects Male Nasal Decongestants adverse effects Nasal Obstruction chemically induced 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468388 21468387 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Postoperative volume increase of facial soft tissue after percutaneous versus endonasal osteotomy technique in rhinoplasty using 3D stereophotogrammetry. 121-6 When lateral osteotomies are performed as part of a rhinoplasty, the nose and paranasal region invariably change in three dimensions. The PURPOSE of this study is to compare the effect of the percutaneous perforating and endonasal continuous osteotomy techniques concerning the degree of postoperative swelling using three dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry. A prospective follow-up study was conducted. Patients requiring bilateral osteotomies were included and randomly underwent a percutaneous osteotomy on one side and an endonasal osteotomy on the other side. Pre- and postoperative 3D photos were acquired using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Volumetric measurement data were acquired from the paranasal region using 3D software. Measurements were compared using Student`s t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test statistics. Twenty patients were included. A percutaneous osteotomy was performed on the right side in nine patients and on the left side in 11 patients. The total volume, the volume of the right paranasal and left paranasal region were significantly larger postoperative. No difference was found between the sides. No difference concerning swelling is found between the percutaneous and endonasal osteotomy technique sides. With 3D stereophotogrammetry volumetric data can be acquired and compared to evaluate soft-tissue changes. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. van Loon Bram B van Heerbeek Niels N Maal Thomas J J TJ Borstlap Wilfred A WA Ingels Koen J A O KJ Schols Jan G J H JG Bergé Stefaan J SJ eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Edema etiology Endoscopy Female Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Middle Aged Osteotomy methods Photogrammetry methods Postoperative Period Rhinoplasty methods Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468387 21468386 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Association of attachment anxiety and satisfaction with nasal surgery. 117-20 To investigate the possible contribution of attachment anxiety (AA) to satisfaction with the outcome of surgery. Sixty-three patients with chronic sinusitis who were scheduled for FESS with septoplasty were asked to complete a panel of self-report measures assessing attachment style, quality of life, mental health, and degree of facial pain and nasal obstruction. The questionnaires were filled out two weeks before surgery and one month after surgery. One surgeon performed all procedures. Participants were divided into two groups according to AA scores: high anxiety in attachment and low anxiety in attachment. Postoperatively, the group as a whole showed significant improvement in quality of life, positive thoughts and improvement in pain and sinus congestion. The high AA group reported a significantly lower quality of life than the low AA group. There was an inverse correlation between AA and well-being before and after surgery, and between AA and pain amelioration after surgery. A positive correlation was noted between AA and mental distress. Even a basic personality factor such as AA can significantly impact patient satisfaction with surgery outcome. Surgeons performing surgery should bear in mind that success is partly related to the patient`s mental state and personality. Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. Saragusty Chamutal C Berant Ety E Yaniv Eitan E eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adaptation, Psychological Adolescent Adult Aged Anxiety Female Humans Male Middle Aged Patient Satisfaction Questionnaires Sinusitis psychology surgery Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468386 21468385 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Reduced olfactory bulb volume in total laryngectomy patients: a magnetic resonance imaging study. 112-6 The olfactory bulb (OB) is a remarkably plastic structure with highly active afferent neurons, which is partly reflected by its volume. Although deterioration of olfaction after total laryngectomy is reported by many patients, this problem has not received widespread attention. There has been no study that had addresses this loss olfactory ability as a function of OB volume. The aim of this study was to determine OB volume changes after laryngectomy. Twenty one patients post-total laryngectomy and 17 subjects with normal olfactory function underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for volumetric measurement of the OB. The history of all participants was taken in detail to exclude other possible causes of smell dysfunction. Volumetric measurement of the OB was performed by manual segmentation of the OB into coronal slices. Olfactory function was assessed with the orthonasal olfaction test. There was no statistically significant difference in volume between the right and left sides of the OB in the study and control groups. However, the study group had smaller OB volumes than the control group. In our assessment of orthonasal olfaction, patients who were post-total laryngectomy had worse orthonasal olfactory function than the control group. There were significant correlations between OB volumes and orthonasal test scores. Our MRI study showed that post-total laryngectomy patients had higher rates of olfactory bulb atrophy than the control subjects. Laryngectomy is associated with measurable decreases in olfactory function and this study hopes to further clarify this association by demonstrating that patients with total laryngectomy have reduced OB volumes when compared to the normal population. Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Veyseller B B Aksoy F F Yildirim Y S YS Bayraktar F G I FG Gurbuz D D Savas Y Y Ozturan O O eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Laryngectomy Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Neuronal Plasticity Olfaction Disorders physiopathology Olfactory Bulb pathology physiopathology Smell physiology 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468385 21468384 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Differential expression pattern of antimicrobial peptides in nasal mucosa and secretion. 107-11 The intact nasal barrier is a prerequisite for a functioning defense of the upper airway system, in particular the permanent threat by inhaled potentially harmful microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) play an important role in maintaining barrier function. There is few data about AMP in respect of nasal mucosa. This study is addressed to gain further insight into the differential AMP expression and secretion pattern according to defined anatomical regions of the vestibulum nasi and turbinates. ELISA was applied to quantify concentrations of AMP RNase-7, psoriasin, hBD-2, hBD-3 and LL-37 in nasal secretions of 20 healthy volunteers. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the local cellular sources of AMP in the vestibulum nasi (squamous epithelium) and compared to the mucosa of the turbinates (pseudostratified epithelium) in 10 healthy volunteers. Expression of RNase 7 and psoriasin was detected in all nasal secretion specimens, whereas LL-37 was detected in 16, hBD-2 in 5 and hBD-3 in 6 specimens. In the vestibulum nasi, luminal cell layers were demonstrated as local cellular sources for hBD-3 and RNase 7, whereas psoriasin was found in all layers of the stratified squamous epithelium. LL-37 was detected in 1 stroma cells sample, whereas hBD-2 was not detected at all. In turbinate biopsie,s hBD-3 and LL-37 were detectable in the epithelium, stroma cells and submucosal glands. RNase 7 was only present in submucosal glands. HBD-2 and psoriasin were not detected. These data demonstrate that the nasal epithelium contains a chemical defense shield through the expression and secretion of various AMP. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. laudien@hno.uni-kiel.de Laudien Martin M Dressel Stefanie S Harder Jürgen J Gläser Regine R eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides 0 DEFB4A protein, human 0 Lipopolysaccharides 0 S100 Proteins 0 S100A7 protein, human 0 Tumor Markers, Biological 0 beta-Defensins 0 beta-defensin 3, human 143108-26-3 CAP18 lipopolysaccharide-binding protein EC 3.1.- Ribonucleases EC 3.1.27.- Ribonuclease 7 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides metabolism Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Lipopolysaccharides metabolism Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism secretion Ribonucleases metabolism S100 Proteins metabolism Tumor Markers, Biological metabolism Young Adult beta-Defensins metabolism 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468384 21468383 2011 04 06 2011 05 26 2011 11 02

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Syk-kinase inhibition prevents mast cell activation in nasal polyps. 100-6 Mast cells are crucial effector cells in the allergic cascade. The cross-linking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) activates mast cells and basophils. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is positioned upstream of the IgE receptor signal transducing pathway and may represent an important target for the treatment of nasal inflammatory diseases. We measured effects of a specific Syk inhibitor in the release of mast cell mediators in human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBDMCs) (in-vitro) and in human nasal tissue (ex-vivo). Surgical samples were collected from patients with nasal polyposis who underwent sinus surgery. Tissue cubes of +- 0.9 mm3 were primed with myeloma IgE (1 microg/ml), preincubated with Syk inhibitor NVP-QAB205 in different concentrations and then stimulated with tissue culture medium, anti-IgE 10 microg/ml and anti-IgE 30 microg/ml. Supernatants were analysed for concentrations of histamine, LTC4/LTD4/LTE4 and PGD2. CBDMCs were likewise pre-incubated with compound, prior to stimulation with anti-IgE at 10 microg/ml. In CBDMCs, the Syk inhibitor prevented degranulation assessed by measurement of histamine release and the production of LTC4/LTD4/LTE4 and PGD2. Furthermore, the Syk inhibitor was similarly able to significantly inhibit the release of these granules and newly synthesized mediators by nasal polyp mast cells in a dose dependent manner. Although the critical role of Syk in the IgE receptor signal transduction pathway has been well documented in vitro, this study supports the importance of Syk in IgE receptor-mediated degranulation of mast cells ex-vivo within nasal tissue. Thus, inhibition of Syk may represent an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of upper airway disease with mast cell involvement, such as allergic rhinitis. Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Joke.Patou@Ugent.be Patou Joke J Holtappels Gabriele G Affleck Karen K van Cauwenberge Paul P Bachert Claus C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Acute-Phase Proteins 0 Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins 0 Receptors, IgE EC 2.7.10.1 Protein-Tyrosine Kinases EC 2.7.10.1 Syk kinase IM Acute-Phase Proteins drug effects immunology Cell Degranulation immunology Histamine Release drug effects immunology Humans Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins antagonists & inhibitors physiology Mast Cells immunology Nasal Mucosa immunology Nasal Polyps immunology Protein-Tyrosine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors physiology Receptors, IgE immunology Signal Transduction drug effects 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468383 21468382 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Aspirin desensitization for ASA triad patients--prospective study of the rhinologist`s perspective. 95-9 OBJECTIVES/PROBLEM: To determine the sinonasal effect of aspirin salicylic acid (ASA) desensitization in patients with nasal polyps, asthma and aspirin intolerance (ASA triad). Patients with ASA triad were recruited from the outpatient otolaryngology clinic. They underwent a program of ASA desensitization (2005 - 2008) with prospective assessment of subjective and objective responses. Incremental doses of aspirin were given to reach a target of 625 mg twice daily during a period of 3 - 5 days. A maintenance dose was then given for the study period. The patients also received inhaled and topical nasal steroids, antihistamines and beta agonists for asthma control, but no systemic steroid treatment. Of the original 27 enrolled subjects, 10 elected to discontinue treatment and five dropped out because of treatment complications. The objective evaluation of the polypoid sinonasal disease in the remaining 12 patients (4 males, 8 females, age range 22 - 63 years) revealed only mild improvement. In contrast, the patients` subjective feeling of nasal congestion, nasal discharge and overall discomfort improved significantly. Aspirin desensitization has a favorable subjective effect on certain nasal symptoms among ASA triad patients, but the objective effect on polypoid mass is not significant. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Ashkelon, Israel. boazforer@gmail.com Forer B B Kivity S S Sade J J Landsberg R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal 50-78-2 Aspirin IM Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal immunology Aspirin immunology Asthma drug therapy immunology Desensitization, Immunologic Drug Tolerance Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy immunology Prospective Studies 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468382 21468381 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Antibody responses to tetanus and diphtheria vaccine in chronic and recurrent rhinosinusitis. 90-4 Chronic rhinosinusitis may be accompanied by impaired immunity despite normal levels of serum immunoglobulins. Immune responses in sinusitis patients have previously been evaluated using polysaccharide vaccines. Our AIM was to assess the immune status by evaluating responses to diphtheria and tetanus vaccine. Specific antibodies were measured before and 2 weeks after vaccination in 25 patients with chronic or recurrent sinusitis and in 30 healthy individuals. The mean age of the patients was 46 years and that of healthy controls 43 years. After vaccination the patients had on average 4.08-fold lower responses to diphtheria toxoid and 2.20-fold lower responses to tetanus than the controls. Fourteen out of 25 patients had antibody levels that did not reach the 95% normal distribution range of healthy controls after either diphtheria or tetanus vaccination. All the patients had normal levels of serum immunoglobulins. A significant proportion of patients with persisting symptoms of rhinosinisitis may have impaired responses to protein vaccines. Responses to protein vaccines may be used to evaluate immune function of sinusitis patients. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. Tahkokallio Olli O Koskinen Anni A Kentala Erna E Ölander Rose-Marie RM Mattila Petri Severi PS eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Bacterial 0 Diphtheria Toxoid 0 Tetanus Toxoid IM Adult Antibodies, Bacterial analysis Chronic Disease Diphtheria Toxoid immunology Female Humans Immunity Male Middle Aged Recurrence Rhinitis immunology Sinusitis immunology Tetanus Toxoid immunology Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468381 21468380 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Presentation and treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in general practice: a French observational study. 84-9 This survey-based study was conducted to determine the characteristics that influence the diagnosis and treatment patterns of acute maxillary sinusitis among general practitioners in France. Questionnaires were sent to 467 physicians and requested to be completed for the next 4 adult (≥ 15 years) patients diagnosed with acute maxillary sinusitis. A total of 397 physicians responded with eligible data on 1585 patients (57.5% female; mean age, 42.3 years). The most common presenting signs and symptoms were moderate-to-severe nasal obstruction (80.4%), pain on sinus palpitation (76.8%), facial pain (74.5%), rhinorrhea (70.4%), and headache (63.6%). Local treatments were prescribed in 93.2% of cases, including nasal lavage (52.1%), vasoconstrictors (42.2%), and intranasal corticosteroids (38.7%). Almost all patients (99%) were prescribed oral treatment including antibiotics (86.5%), analgesics (56.3%), antipyretics (53.7%), and expectorants/mucolytics (45.6%). Symptoms were indicated as having a moderate to very significant effect on quality of life areas including activities of daily living (71.6% of patients), leisure (63.1%), and professional/school activities (59.2%). The diagnosis and management patterns of acute maxillary sinusitis among general practitioners in France are generally consistent with the 2007 European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EP3OS) guidelines. ENT and head and Neck Department, University Hospital Jean Bernard Service, ORL, Poitiers Cedex, France. j.m.klossek@chu-poitiers.fr Klossek J M JM Mesbah K K eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis complications diagnosis therapy Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology therapy Physician's Practice Patterns Quality of Life Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468380 21468379 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Contribution of the medial orbital floor to endoscopic orbital decompression. 80-3 This study explores contribution of the orbital floor to mechanical outcomes of orbital decompressions. Endoscopic medial wall orbital decompressions with and without extensive medial orbital floor removal (OFR) were performed on opposite sides of ten thawed fresh-frozen cadaver heads Bone removal was compared on pre- and post-dissection CT scans and after orbital exenteration. Bony removal in the anterior orbital apex was significantly better after OFR (117 vs 66, p < 0.0001). An average of 10.3% (range 0 - 45.5%) of the orbital floor directly under the globe was removed with the OFR technique. The orbital floor preservation (OFP) technique resulted in average bone removal of 3.6 cm2, whereas OFR decompression resulted in average of 5.7 cm2 (p = 0.0003). Post-operative recession of the globe was significant in both arms of the study relative to the unoperated state (OFP averaged 2.99 mm decompression, p = 0.001 and OFR averaged 4.25 mm decompression, p = 0.02). Endoscopic removal of the medial orbital floor when performed in addition to medial wall decompression removes > 60% more orbital bone and an additional 51 of orbital apex bone. Extensive endoscopic removal of the mid-portion of the medial orbital floor results in bone loss beneath the globe itself. DO San Antonio Military Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX 78236, USA. Swartz J M JM Weitzel E K EK McMains K C KC eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Decompression, Surgical methods Endoscopy methods Humans Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures methods Orbit anatomy & histology surgery Prospective Studies 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468379 21468378 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopy skull-base resection for ethmoid adenocarcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma. 74-9 Olfactory neuroblastoma (ON) and ethmoid adenocarcinoma (AC) are rare sinonasal malignancies that often involve the skull base. Standard surgical treatment is craniofacial resection (CFR), which allows for efficient removal but entails significant morbidity and mortality. Because expanded endoscopy nasal approaches are newly developed, we aimed to describe the procedure in patients with ON and AC and compare it with CFR in terms of efficiency and morbidity. This work reports on a retrospective series of 16 patients with AC and ON treated endoscopically with anterior skull-base resection in a single institution over 9 years. Invasion of the frontal sinus, massive extension to the cerebral parenchyma, spread of the tumour above the orbits or lysis of anterior facial skeleton were contraindications for endoscopy resection. Of the 16 patients, 11 had AC and 5 ON. In total, 37.5% (6) exhibited skull-base invasion. All patients had postoperative radiotherapy. In the early postoperative period, one patient experienced delayed seizure due to a minor subdural hematoma. Two delayed complications were observed: one encephalocele related to inappropriate postoperative care, which required revision surgery, and one extended radionecrosis. Five-year disease-free survival was 83% and 5-year recurrence-free survival 58%. Local control rate was 91% for AC and 100% for ON. With low perioperative morbidity and efficient local control, ethmoidectomy combined with anterior skull-base resection is a promising approach for managing selected cases of AC and ON. These findings need further investigation with prolonged follow-up. Departments of Ear, Nose and Throat, Hopital Lariboisiere, Universite Paris-Diderot, Paris, France. Carta Filippo F Kania Romain R Sauvaget Elisabeth E Bresson Damien D George Bernard B Herman Philippe P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenocarcinoma mortality pathology surgery Disease-Free Survival Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory mortality surgery Ethmoid Sinus Humans Nasal Cavity Neoplasm Invasiveness Neuroendoscopy contraindications methods Nose Neoplasms mortality surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms mortality pathology surgery Retrospective Studies Skull Base surgery 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468378 21468377 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic rhino-neurosurgical approach for non-adenomatous sellar and skull base lesions. 64-73 Since endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery requires skills of both neurosurgeons and otorhinolaryngologists, and the nose is the primary corridor of approach, we favour the term `endoscopic rhino-neurosurgery` and report on our interdisciplinary experience treating non-adenomatous lesions with skull base extension. Between 2004 and 2009, 58 patients with 21 different disease patterns underwent endoscopic rhino-neurosurgical procedures. Mean age was 39.9 years, 50% were female. Seven had undergone prior surgery. Clinically, 34.5% presented with visual field deficits and with nerve palsies. Preoperatively, 62.1% showed a normal pituitary function. Mean follow-up was 13.1 months. The surgical goal depended on type of lesion; the intended extent of resection was achieved in 81%. Recovery from visual field deficits occurred in 80%. Neither deteriorated nor new cranial nerve palsies were observed. A normal endocrinological function could be maintained in 94.4%. Permanent diabetes insipidus occurred in 7 patients. Surgical complications included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in 6 patients and meningitis in 4. All complications were managed successfully. There was no surgery-related mortality. The endoscopic rhino-neurosurgical approach is applicable for a wide variety of lesions comprising sella and skull base. As our data prove, this technique can be performed with satisfying results in non-adenomatous lesions as well. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Austria. senta.kurschel@medunigraz.at Kurschel Senta S Gellner Verena V Clarici Georg G Braun Hannes H Stammberger Heinz H Mokry Michael M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Meningioma surgery Middle Aged Neuroendoscopy methods Sella Turcica surgery Skull Base Neoplasms pathology surgery Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468377 21468376 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Cefuroxime as a prophylactic preoperative antibiotic in septoplasty. A double blind randomized placebo controlled study. 58-63 Prophylactic antibiotics are often used in septoplasty. However, the number of controlled studies, especially randomized double blind placebo controlled studies on the effect of antibiotics in septum surgery, is very low. The PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY was to investigate if intravenous cefuroxime given as preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis 30 minutes prior to surgery diminishes the risk of infection after septoplasty during the first postoperative month among patients with normal immune function. This study was a double-blind placebo controlled randomized study and patients were randomized to either an antibiotic prophylaxis-group or placebo-group. In the antibiotic-group, the infection rate was 2.2% (2/92) and in the placebo-group 8.3% (8/96), which is not statistically different. All three deep incisional SSI (septal abscess) occurred in the placebo-group. The preoperative crusting or purulent secretion, or Staphylococcus aureus in the bacterial swab increased the risk of postoperative infection significantly. We recommend the use of one dose of 1500 mg intravenous cefuroxime prior to septoplasty in patients having crusts or purulent secretion in the nasal cavities or if the operation is expected to be prolonged. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. markus.lilja@hus.fi Lilja Marcus M Mäkitie Antti A AA Anttila Veli-Jukka VJ Kuusela Pentti P Pietola Matti M Hytönen Maija M eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 55268-75-2 Cefuroxime IM Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Antibiotic Prophylaxis Cefuroxime administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Humans Infusions, Intravenous Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum surgery Preoperative Care Surgical Wound Infection prevention & control Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468376 21468375 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A randomized clinical study: outcome of submucous resection of compensatory inferior turbinate during septoplasty. 53-7 Septoplasty and/or turbinate surgery are commonly used surgical techniques for the treatment of mechanical nasal obstruction. The aim of this study was to define the effectiveness of submucous resection of a hypertrophied turbinate together with simultaneous septoplasty for the treatment of nasal obstruction. Forty-two patients with septum deviation and compensatory contralateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy were recruited in this study. The inferior turbinate hypertrophy was diagnosed based on examination. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, a submucous resection was performed to treat a hypertrophied inferior turbinate, together with a septoplasty. In group B, only a septoplasty was performed. Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry tests were conducted for an objective evaluation of nasal patency. A visual analog scale (VAS) was applied to the patients for the subjective evaluation of nasal obstruction complaints. The application of submucous resection intended to reduce a hypertrophied inferior turbinate led to a distinctive increase in cross-sectional area of nasal patency; however, when the two groups were compared, it was statistically significant only at the post-operative sixth month. There was no difference between the results of rhinomanometry. The subjective symptom scores were better in group A than in group B between the post-operative first to sixth month. Submucous resection of a hypertrophied inferior turbinate is necessary for the treatment of nasal obstruction. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İzmir, Turkey. nimetzalp@gmail.com Devseren Nimet Ozalp NO Ecevit Mustafa Cenk MC Erdag Taner Kemal TK Ceryan Kerim K eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Hypertrophy Male Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum surgery Pain Measurement Rhinometry, Acoustic Turbinates pathology surgery 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468375 21468374 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Can we always trust rhinomanometry? 46-52 Rhinomanometry before and after decongestion distinguishes a nasal airway organic stenosis from congestion of nasal mucosa in patients with nasal stuffiness. Together with rhinoscopy and patient history, it is used to decide if nasal surgery would benefit the patient. Rhinomanometry measurements should thus be reliable and reproducible. We performed repetitive active anterior rhinomanometry in 9 persons during 5 months to test reproducibility of nasal airway resistance (NAR) over time. We also did test-retest measurements in several participants. Xylometazoline hydrochloride was applied in each nasal cavity to minimize effects of mucosal variation and the nasal cavity was examined with rhinoscopy. The participants evaluated subjective nasal stuffiness on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The long term mean coefficient of variation (CV) of NAR over time was 27% for the whole group while the short term CV was 7 - 17% for test-retest within an hour. Mean NAR reduction after decongestion was 33%, but 13% of NAR values were not reduced after decongestion. Participants had difficulties estimating stuffiness on a VAS in 15% of the assessments, but there was no correlation between the VAS estimates and NAR. We found a high NAR variation over a period of five months. This implies low long-term rhinomanometry reproducibility and we suggest future research on standardised decongestion to increase the reproducibility. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Vaxjo Central Hospital, Sweden. helle.thulesius@ltkronoberg.se Thulesius Helle L HL Cervin Anders A Jessen Max M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Adult Female Humans Imidazoles Male Middle Aged Nasal Decongestants Nasal Obstruction diagnosis Reproducibility of Results Rhinomanometry standards 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468374 21468373 2011 04 06 2011 05 26 2011 07 18

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of Odiosoft-Rhino and rhinomanometry in evaluation of nasal patency. 41-5 To conduct a preliminary study testing the validity of the Odiosoft-Rhino (OR) in the evaluation of nasal patency in patients with nasal septal deviation and compare the results with visual analogue score (VAS) of nasal obstruction and rhinomanometry (RMM). OR and RMM were performed on 68 patients with nasal septal deviation and 61 healthy controls. VAS, nasal resistance values and nasal sound analysis were noted for the left and right nasal cavities. There are statistically significant differences between VAS, RMM and nasal endoscopic findings between the patient and the control group. The OR results at expiratory and inspiratory 2000 - 4000 Hz and 4000 - 6000 Hz intervals for both nasal cavities show a statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups. Nasal endoscopic findings, RMM, OR results of the deviated sides in the 2000 - 4000 Hz interval correlate well with VAS. OR may be a practical test in assessment of nasal patency. OR at the 2000 - 4000 Hz interval shows a correlation with VAS. However, showing a correlation between a test and a variable is not the same as proving that it is a useful diagnostic test. Therefore, more studies with larger series are needed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey. Tahamiler Rauf R Tahamiller Rauf R Alimoglu Yalçin Y Canakcioglu Salih S eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):138 Tahamiller, Rauf [corrected to Tahamiler, Rauf] Adolescent Adult Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted instrumentation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology Pain Measurement Rhinomanometry Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted instrumentation Sound Spectrography instrumentation Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468373 21468372 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Minimal clinically important differences in nasal peak inspiratory flow. 37-40 Acoustic Rhinometry, Rhinomanometry, Nasal Spirometry and Nasal Peak Inspiratory flow (NPIF) all measure subtly different constructs of nasal function. All have limitations but NPIF is simple and quick to integrate into clinical practice. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for an outcome measure is an estimate of the smallest change that is experienced by a patient or group as being significant. Studies, particularly with large samples, may generate results that while statistically significant, have limited clinical effect. Defining MCID allows an assessment of the clinical impact of an intervention. This study defines the MCID for NPIF. Prospective study of patients from a tertiary clinic undergoing open septorhinoplasty. Nasal obstruction scores and NPIF were recorded before and after surgery. Global function and nasal obstruction scores were used to assess subjective change. Statistical based and patient anchored techniques were used to define MCID. 51 patients with a mean age 36 +- 13 yrs (75% female) were recruited. All had open rhinoplasty, septal reconstruction, spreader grafts and turbinate reduction. Baseline NPIF was 101 +- 35 L/min. The statistically derived MCID (half standard deviation) was 18 L/min, the patient anchored approaches were 20 L/min and 20-25 L/min. Although NPIF is effort dependant with the potential for poor test-retest reliability, it is simple, quick and a reliable technique can be quickly learnt. An MCID of 20L/min is recommended when NPIF is used as an outcome tool. Understanding the MCID is critical for assessing the impact of nasal surgery. Department of Otolaryngology / Skull Base Surgery, St. Vincent`s Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia. daniel.timperley@gmail.com Timperley Daniel D Srubisky Aviva A Stow Nicholas N Marcells George N GN Harvey Richard J RJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nose physiopathology Prospective Studies Respiratory Function Tests Rhinoplasty 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468372 21468371 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Plastinated nasal model: a new concept of anatomically realistic cast. 30-6 For many years, researchers have been interested in investigating airflow and aerosol deposition in the nasal cavities. The nasal airways appear to be a complex geometrical system. Thus, in vitro experimental studies are frequently conducted with a more or less biomimetic nasal replica. This study is devoted to the development of an anatomically realistic nose model with bilateral nasal cavities, i.e. nasal anatomy, airway geometry and aerodynamic properties as close as possible to in vivo behaviour. A specific plastination technique of cephalic extremities was developed by the Anatomy Laboratory at the Saint-Etienne University in the last 10 years. The plastinated models obtained were anatomically, geometrically and aerodynamically validated using several techniques (endoscopy, CT scans, acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry). Our plastination model exhibited a high level of anatomic quality, including a very good mucosa preservation. Aerodynamical and geometrical investigations highlighted a global behaviour of plastinated models perfectly in accordance with a nasal decongested healthy subject. The present plastination model provides a realistic cast of nasal airways, and may be a useful tool for nasal flow, drug delivery and aerosol deposition studies. Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, ENT center, Le Puy en Velay, France. Durand Marc M Pourchez Jérémie J Louis Bruno B Pouget Jean François JF Isabey Daniel D Coste André A Prades Jean Michel JM Rusch Philippe P Cottier Michèle M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Polymers IM Biomimetic Materials Female Humans Male Models, Anatomic Polymers Rhinomanometry Vacuum 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468371 21468370 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Physiologic and pathologic septal deviations: subjective and objective functional rhinologic findings. 24-9 A high incidence of septal deviation with significant inter-rater variability has been reported. An explanation could be the presence of physiological septal deviation besides pathological ones. We differentiated an unselected cohort by their nasal resistance into groups with physiological normal and pathologically increased resistance to detect differences and analogies in comparison to healthy subjects and a pathological cohort. Prospective cohort study. A total of 356 patients were assessed using rhinoresistometry, acoustic rhinometry, endoscopy and visual analogue scales. After definition of a benchmark between physiological and pathological nasal resistance, group differences were calculated and correlations analysed. The normal one-sided inspiratory nasal resistance was defined as less or equal to 0.35 sPa/cm^3 at a flow-velocity of 250 cm^3/s (R250). Using this benchmark, the unselected group of non-rhinological patients was differentiated into 114 subjects with physiological nasal resistance and 44 with pathological septal deviation. Nasal resistance after decongestion was significantly lower for normal or patients with a physiological septal deviation in comparison to the rhinological one on both nasal sides. Healthy subjects and patients with physiological septal deviation showed similarities in objective rhinological parameters as well as rhinological patients and patients with pathological septal deviation derived from the unselected group of non-rhinological patients. Furthermore, this benchmark of nasal resistance shows significant correlations with subjective assessment of nasal breathing. Inspiratory nasal resistance obtained at a flow-velocity of 250 cm^3/s using rhinoresistometry may be useful to distinguish patients with physiological and pathological septal deviation. Correlation with subjective assessment and endoscopic findings is improved. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute Ltd Academician N. Kipshidze Central University Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia, USA. Gogniashvilli G G Steinmeier E E Mlynski G G Beule A G AG eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance physiology Female Humans Nasal Septum anatomy & histology physiology Nose Deformities, Acquired physiopathology Rhinometry, Acoustic Young Adult 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468370 21468369 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Comparative investigations of anatomy and physiology in mammalian noses (Homo sapiens--Artiodactyla). 18-23 Knowledge of airflow in animal noses is sparse. Such knowledge could be important for selection of animal models used in environmental studies. From the phylogenetic and ontogenetic point of view, a comparison between the animal and human nose is interesting. Nose models of 5 even-toed ungulate species (he-goat, sheep, cow, roebuck, wild boar) and two humans (new born infant and adult) were examined. Anatomical and physiological features of the nasal cavities of all species were compared. All models were rinsed with water and the flow was visualized for observation. Geometric and rhinoresistometric measurements were then performed. Even-toed ungulates have two turbinates directly in the main part of the nasal airflow (respiratory turbinates) and a different number of turbinates in a so-called dead space of the nasal airflow above the nasopharyngeal duct (ethmoidal turbinates). The latter correspond with the upper and middle turbinate in analogy to the human nose. Respiratory turbinates of even-toed ungulates insert immediately behind the external nasal ostium. Thus, the whole nasal cavity acts as a functional area with the exception of a small area acting as dead space only detectable in ruminants, possibly indicating a small evolutionary progress from suinae to bovidae. The shape of the animal nasal cavity is stretched and flat. The airflow runs nearly completely turbulent through the nose. The nasal cavity in the adult human is relatively short and high. The area between the external nasal ostium and the head of the inferior turbinate is called inflow area. It distributes the airflow over the whole nasal cross section and generates a turbulent flow. So the airflow is prepared to contact the mucosa in the functional area (turbinate area). The morphology of the inflow area is approximately formed by the shape of the external nose. The nasal cavity of a newborn child is also stretched and flat and more similar to the nasal shape of the investigated animals. The inflow area in the newborn nose is not yet developed and corresponds with the growing external newborn nose. One can hypothesize that the inflow area in human noses is a morphological adaptation in the changed length-height-ratio of the nasal cavity. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg, Germany. stefan.gruetzenmacher@t-online.de Grützenmacher S S Robinson D M DM Sevecke J J Mlynski G G Beule A G AG eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Artiodactyla Humans Infant, Newborn Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology physiology Nose anatomy & histology physiology Respiration Rhinometry, Acoustic Turbinates anatomy & histology 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468369 21468368 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Is there evidence to link acid reflux with chronic sinusitis or any nasal symptoms? A review of the evidence. 11-6 Acid reflux into the oesophagus, larynx, pharynx or nasopharynx has been suggested as a causal factor in chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS), which can then be refractory to nasal treatments. The aim of this review was to conclude on the strength of the link between GORD, LPR, nasopharyngeal reflux, nasal symptoms and CRS. Medline and Embase search. Nineteen papers describing varying studies on CRS, GORD, LPR and PPI therapy were found. Four adult case-controlled studies showed more acid reflux events/symptoms in refractory CRS patients. Paediatric cohort studies showed more reflux events in rhinosinusitis patients than the general paediatric population, but they are not conclusive. Many papers do not use robust CRS diagnostic criteria for inclusion into studies and take no confounding factors into consideration. The evidence of a link is poor with no good randomised controlled trials available. The few adult studies that show any link between acid reflux and nasal symptoms are small case-controlled studies with moderate levels of potential bias. There is not enough evidence to consider anti-reflux therapy for adult refractory CRS and there is no evidence that acid reflux is a significant causal factor in CRS. ENT Registrar North Western Deanery, Hope Hospital, Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, United Kingdom. edflook@yahoo.com Flook E P EP Kumar B N BN eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Case-Control Studies Causality Chronic Disease Comorbidity Gastroesophageal Reflux epidemiology Humans Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Sinusitis epidemiology 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468368 21468367 2011 04 06 2011 05 26

0300-0729 49 1 2011 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A guide to practical aspects of measurement of human nasal airflow by rhinomanometry. 2-10 The guide is intended for all those interested in measuring human nasal airflow by rhinomanometry, either for clinical or research purposes. The guide is written in non-technical language so that it may be understood by nursing and support staff who may need to make measurements using rhinomanometry. It is not a systematic review of the literature but a personal view based on over 40 years experience of measuring nasal airflow. The guide introduces the basic principles of nasal airflow and pressure and their measurement. The following topics are discussed: anterior and posterior rhinomanometry and their relative problems and benefits, control of errors in measurement, standard operating procedures, calibration of equipment, measurement of the totally obstructed nose, reproducibility and sensitivity of rhinomanometry, hygiene, factors influencing nasal airflow such as rest and exercise, alcohol, medicines, temperature and humidity and diseases such as common cold and allergy. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom. eccles@cardiff.ac.uk Eccles R R eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Calibration Humans Hygiene Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nose physiology Rhinomanometry methods standards 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 4 7 6 0 2011 5 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21468367 21751530 2011 07 13 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Mechanisms of the symptoms of rhinosinusitis. 131-8 The review discusses the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the symptoms of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. An understanding of symptom mechanisms is important for the clinical diagnosis of rhinosinusitis and is important in assessing the efficacy of surgical and medical treatments for rhinosinusitis. The review will discuss the four primary symptoms used to diagnose rhinosinusitis: nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain and loss of sense of smell; and the secondary symptoms, cough, sneezing, sore throat and voice changes, epiphora, fever, and psychological effects and fatigue. The review will highlight that our understanding of a key diagnostic symptoms facial pain is limited, and that the incidence of pain with rhinosinusitis is controversial. Sneezing is a common symptom of acute rhinosinusitis with allergy but is not normally described as symptom in chronic rhinosinusitis and this anomaly is in need of more research. The mechanism of unilateral nasal obstruction with rhinosinusitis is discussed. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom. eccles@cardiff.ac.uk Eccles R R eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):129-30 21743866 Chronic Disease Humans Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nose radiography Olfaction Disorders etiology Pharyngitis etiology Rhinitis complications diagnosis immunology physiopathology radiography Sinusitis complications diagnosis immunology physiopathology radiography Sneezing physiology Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2011 7 15 6 0 2011 7 15 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 21751530 21743886 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Radiological examinations of the anatomy of the inferior turbinate using digital volume tomography (DVT). 248-52 Since the last 120 years there were only few descriptions of the anatomical sizes of the inferior turbinate in the literature. On this background the current study should evaluate the radiological dimensions of the inferior turbinate and the septum using DVT. The latest generation of the Accu-I-tomo was used. The data of 100 adult patients have been evaluated. The bony length was found to be 38.9 mm, the mucosal length 51.0 mm. The findings of the total mucosal thickness at different measuring points were between 8.1 mm and 10.9 mm, those of the bony thickness were between 0.9 mm and 2.3 mm and those of the bony height were between 3.9 mm and 20.8 mm. The results of this radiological study are able to point out the importance of preoperative anatomical evaluation of radiological images. The preoperative focus on the individual anatomy is very important because of the choice of an adequate surgical treatment. Today new radiological techniques can help to find out whether the reason for hypertrophied turbinates is caused by bone, mucosa or both. This knowledge enables a concerted treatment concept. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, UKGM, Marburg, Germany. Balbach L L Trinkel V V Guldner C C Bien S S Teymoortash A A Werner J A JA Bremke M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cone-Beam Computed Tomography methods Female Humans Hypertrophy Imaging, Three-Dimensional Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology radiography Nasal Septum anatomy & histology radiography Turbinates anatomy & histology pathology radiography Young Adult 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743886 21743885 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Reference values for acoustic rhinometry in children at baseline and after decongestion. 243-7 Acoustic rhinometry is widely used for objective evaluation of nasal dimensions. However, there is a lack of agreement on the normative values in children at baseline, and especially after decongestion. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference values for Finnish school children for acoustic rhinometry in non-decongested and decongested noses, and to find out which of the potential predictors (age, sex, body surface area (BSA) and height) would be the most useful one(s). The study included 124 children aged between 6.90 and 13.84 years with no permanent nasal symptoms. At baseline, the mean total minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) was 0.752 cm2, and the mean total volume between 0 - 3 cm (VOL) was 4.00 cm3. After decongestion, the total MCA was 0.794 cm2, and the VOL was 4.38 cm3. There was a significant correlation between MCA and age, between VOL and height, and between VOL and BSA at baseline and after decongestion. We found no difference in the values between boys and girls. We conclude that acoustic rhinometry is a suitable objective method to monitor the changes in mucosal swelling and nasal obstruction in children. Age and height or BSA of a child can be suggested as predictive factors. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. lotta.haavisto@tyks.fi Haavisto L E LE Vahlberg T J TJ Sipila J I JI eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Age Factors Body Height Body Surface Area Child Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction diagnosis Reference Values Rhinometry, Acoustic 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743885 21743884 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The significance of rhinomanometry in evaluation of postlaryngectomy olfactory rehabilitation by polite yawning technique. 238-42 To corroborate the result of postlaryngectomy olfactory rehabilitation evaluating the efficacy of the Polite Yawning Technique (PYT) with rhinomanometry and odours with the Smell diskettes Olfaction test (SDOT). Thirty-two laryngectomised patients were subjected to olfactory rehabilitation consisting of 15-minute training and independent exercising for two weeks. The sense of smell and nasal airflow in laryngectomised patients were examined before and after implementation of PYT. The differences in SDOT results prior to and after introduction of PYT were statistically significant, most patients achieving better results after rehabilitation. A significant positive correlation was obtained in results of SDOT and rhinomanometry prior to and after introduction of PYT. The results of measurements after rehabilitation showed that 75% of patients had improved nasal breathing, 78% of patients had a better sense of smell and 40% of patients became normosmic. PYT has proved to be an effective method in olfaction rehabilitation following total laryngectomy. Using rhinomanometry, evaluation of the rehabilitation success is substantiated while the technique is simplified. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. dubravko_manestar@net.hr Manestar D D Ticac R R Velepic M M Braut T T Manestar-Donadic I I Manestar K K Malvic G G Starcevic R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Female Humans Laryngectomy adverse effects rehabilitation Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders etiology rehabilitation Rhinomanometry Smell physiology Yawning physiology 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743884 21743883 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effect of CPAP-therapy on bronchial and nasal inflammation in patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. 232-7 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been shown to be associated to upper and lower airways inflammation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the elective treatment of OSAS. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of CPAP-therapy on airway and nasal inflammation. In 13 non-smoking subjects affected by untreated OSAS and in 11 non-smoking normal volunteers, airway inflammation was detected by analyses of the induced sputum. In the OSAS group measurements were repeated after 1, 10 and 60 days of the appropriate CPAP treatment. In addition, in 12 subjects of the OSAS group, nasal inflammation was detected by the analysis of induced nasal secretions at baseline, and after 1, 10 and 60 days of CPAP treatment. OSAS patients, compared to normal controls, showed at baseline a higher percentage of neutrophils and a lower percentage of macrophages in the induced sputum. One, 10 and 60 days of appropriate CPAP-therapy did not change the cellular profile of the induced sputum. In addition, in the OSAS patients, the high neutrophilic nasal inflammation present under baseline conditions was not significantly modified by CPAP-therapy. Finally, no patients developed airway hyper-responsiveness after CPAP therapy. In OSAS subjects, the appropriate CPAP-therapy, while correcting the oxygen desaturation, does not modify the bronchial and nasal inflammatory profile. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy. donatolacedonia@gmail.com Lacedonia D D Salerno F G FG Carpagnano G E GE Sabato R R Depalo A A Foschino-Barbaro M P MP eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Bronchial Provocation Tests Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Female Humans Male Middle Aged Oximetry Polysomnography Respiratory Function Tests Sleep Apnea, Obstructive metabolism pathology physiopathology therapy Sputum metabolism 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743883 21743882 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a quality of life questionnaire: the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire. 227-31 The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) instrument is a disease-specific questionnaire for assessing the outcome of an intervention in nasal obstruction in trials. This instrument is only available in the English language and cross-culturally valid questionnaires are very important for all research, including nasal obstruction. The aim of the current study was to reproduce the cross-cultural adaptation process for the NOSE questionnaire in the Portuguese language (NOSE-p). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument were divided into two stages. Stage 1 involved four bilingual professionals, an expert committee and the author of the original instrument. In Stage 2, the NOSE-p was tested on 33 patients undergoing septoplasty for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and response sensitivity. The cross-cultural adaptation process was completed and the NOSE-p was demonstrated to be a valid instrument with satisfactory construct validity. It showed an adequate internal consistency reliability and adequate test-retest reliability. It could discriminate between patients with and without nasal obstruction and it has a high response sensitivity to change. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation process demonstrated to be valid and the NOSE-p proved to be applicable in Brazil. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. bezerratfp@gmail.com Bezerra T F P TF Padua F G M FG Pilan R R M RR Stewart M G MG Voegels R L RL eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cross-Cultural Comparison Health Status Indicators Humans Nasal Obstruction Prospective Studies Quality of Life Questionnaires Reproducibility of Results 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743882 21743881 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function in patients with multiple sclerosis. 221-6 Some studies reported olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). There is no agreement about the most suitable testing method for measuring olfactory function (OF) in MS patients. Recent studies showed that olfactory bulb volume changes with the degree of olfactory dysfunction. We assessed olfactory bulb volume of MS patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and related it to the OF. Volumetric measurements of the right and left olfactory bulb (OB) were performed by manual segmentation within 36 MS patients. Psychophysical testing of the orthonasal OF was performed using threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score in MS patients. Of all MS patients, 44.4% displayed olfactory dysfunction. The TDI score of all 36 MS patients, especially the score of the Identification subtest correlated strongly with neurological scores typical of MS. In patients with a decreased OB volume, there was a positive correlation between volumetry of the OB and OF. OB volumes may provide valuable information about MS patients with olfactory dysfunction. The TDI test and Identification subtest were very sensitive in detecting olfactory dysfunction in MS patients. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Berlin, Charite Campus Mitte, Smell and Taste Consultation Service, Berlin, Germany. oender.goektas@charite.de Goektas O O Schmidt F F Bohner G G Erb K K Ludemann L L Dahlslett B B Harms L L Fleiner F F eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Health Status Indicators Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Multiple Sclerosis pathology physiopathology Olfactory Bulb pathology radiography Organ Size Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743881 21743880 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Patient-reported olfactory function following endoscopic sinus surgery with modified endoscopic Lothrop procedure / Draf 3. 217-20 The Modified Endoscopic Lothrop procedure (MELP) or Draf 3 is a complex procedure, performed for chronic frontal sinusitis that is refractory to standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The procedure involves drilling of the frontal T (formed by the septum and middle turbinate`s attachment to the skull base) onto the olfactory fossa often with exposure of the first olfactory neuron and may affect olfactory function. This study was performed to assess patients` subjective sense of smell following this procedure. Prospective study of retrospective data. Sixty-eight patients, who underwent modified endoscopic Lothrop by the senior author (PJW) between 2003 and 2008, completed a post-operative questionnaire asking about their perception of olfactory function. All patients had their pre-operative subjective sense of smell documented prior to undergoing surgery. Patient records were reviewed for pertinent medical information such as the presence of asthma, aspirin sensitivity and nasal polyps. This study found that the majority of patients reported improvement in their sense of smell post-operatively, while only a small number reported a negative impact on their smell. Thirty-nine patients reported an improvement in their post-operative smell grade. Twenty patients reported no change in their smell grade, while the remaining 9 patients stated that their sense of smell worsened after surgery. No statistically significant correlation was found between patient outcome and the presence of asthma, nasal polyps, or Samter`s triad. The Modified endoscopic Lothrop procedure/Draf 3 had a positive effect on subjective sense of smell post-operatively in this cohort of patients. Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and Flinders University, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia 5011, Australia. Yip J M JM Seiberlin K A KA Wormald P-J PJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy methods Female Frontal Sinusitis physiopathology surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Recovery of Function Smell Therapeutics 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743880 21743879 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Anti-estrogen therapy for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - a long-term clinical trial. 214-6 Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is associated with recurrent epistaxis in 90% of the cases. Good response to hormone treatment has been documented, although its use remains controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of an anti-estrogenic agent, tamoxifen, in the treatment of HHT-associated epistaxis. Out of 46 patients with diagnosis of epistaxis due to HHT who started treatment with tamoxifen 20 mg/d, 38 patients completed a mean of 23.4 months of treatment. All patients filled out a self-assessment questionnaire of rhinologic Quality of Life and epistaxis grading scale. The bleeding score and the Quality of Life score improved. Hemoglobin concentration also improved. None of the patients needed blood transfusions during the treatment period. Only one patient had minor side effects of the drug. Tamoxifen appears to be an effective agent for the treatment of epistaxis due to HHT. Nose and Sinus Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqwa and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. docyaniv@yahoo.com Yaniv E E Preis M M Shevro J J Nageris B B Hadar T T eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Estrogen Antagonists 10540-29-1 Tamoxifen IM Adult Epistaxis drug therapy etiology Estrogen Antagonists therapeutic use Female Humans Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Tamoxifen therapeutic use Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications drug therapy 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743879 21743878 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Sinonasal inverted papilloma: 84 patients treated by endoscopy and proposal for a new classification. 207-13 To suggest a new classification system for sinonasal papilloma based on a critical analysis of surgical indications and results obtained. We analysed surgical data from 84 cases of sinonasal papilloma treated endoscopically. In 58 males and 26 females, between 25 and 85 years, the ethmoid sinus (63 cases), the maxillary sinus (43), and the nasal fossa (22) were mostly involved. No case of endocranial extension or carcinoma was reported. Complications were reported in 15.4% of patients, as well as 5 recurrences (5.9%). Median follow up was 39,5 months. To categorise the tumour for the most appropriate surgical treatment, we propose a classification based on 6 main categories that depend on the location, origin and extension of the tumour. The classification that we propose presents advantages for prognosis and surgical indication in comparison with other classifications. Unita Operativa Complessa di Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Milano, Italy. Dragonetti A A Gera R R Sciuto A A Scotti A A Bigoni A A Barbaro E E Minni A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Comorbidity Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps epidemiology Papilloma, Inverted classification epidemiology radiography surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms classification epidemiology radiography surgery Prognosis Retrospective Studies 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743878 21743877 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Isolated sphenoid inflammatory diseases associated with visual impairment: 15-year experience at a single institution. 202-6 We present a retrospective series of 11 patients treated for isolated sphenoid inflammatory disease (ISID) with visual impairment in the period between 1994 and 2008. The series included 7 females and 4 males. All patients, preoperatively assessed by CT or MR, underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. The procedure was always performed in an emergency setting, with an interval from the onset of visual impairment ranging between 1 and 40 days (mean 9 days). The possibility of recovery was related to both the modality of onset and severity of the deficit. All patients with reduction of the visual field reported significant improvement after surgery. Patients with decreased visual acuity obtained partial or complete resolution, while in patients with preoperative blindness no improvement was observed. Moreover, no postoperative improvement was noticed in the case of severe deficits with sudden onset, whereas the treatment of mild deficits was successful even some weeks after their occurrence. In conclusion, although some factors may predict the likelihood of recovery, any patient with ISID associated with visual impairment should receive immediate medical and surgical treatment. Endoscopic surgery should be considered the technique of choice. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Brescia, Italy. Bizzoni A A Bolzoni Villaret A A Lombardi D D Tomenzoli D D Danzi P P Semeraro F F Farina D D Nicolai P P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged, 80 and over Child Endoscopy Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Optic Neuritis diagnosis etiology Retrospective Studies Sphenoid Sinusitis complications surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Vision Disorders etiology Visual Acuity 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743877 21743876 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Long terms results of Draf type III (modified endoscopic Lothrop) frontal sinus drainage procedure in 122 patients: a single centre experience. 195-201 To assess the effectiveness and factors associated with restenosis after Draf type III (Endoscopic Modified Lothrop) frontal sinus drainage procedure. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. A hundred and twenty two consecutive patients undergoing Draf III procedure for recalcitrant chronic frontal rhinosinusitis (CRS) (71%), frontal sinus mucocoele (15%), benign frontal sinus tumours (9%) and cystic fibrosis with severe CRS (5%) were followed up for an average of 33 months. Symptom burden (Visual Analogue Scale and Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure), patency of neo-ostium and revision surgery. At the end of follow up, ninety percent of patients had a patent neo-ostium, while 88% were either clinically better or completely asymptomatic. Thirty-nine patients required endoscopic revision surgery and 9 eventually underwent frontal sinus obliteration. Sixty percent of revision operations were performed during the first two years. RSOM showed a significant improvement in both general and nasal symptoms while on a VAS, headache improved significantly. The only factor weakly associated with re-stenosis was the presence of allergy. There were no major complications during any of the procedures. Draf III Procedure is safe and effective for patients who have failed conventional frontal sinus procedures and a valid alternative to frontal sinus obliteration. Although the revision rate may appear to be quite significant, it can often be performed as an outpatient procedure and needs to be balanced against the reduced morbidity and the ease of follow-up. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. c.georgalas@amc.nl Georgalas C C Hansen F F Videler W J M WJ Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Chronic Disease Female Frontal Sinus surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Mucocele surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Retrospective Studies Rhinitis surgery Sinusitis surgery Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743876 21743875 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Estimating the effect of nasal steroid treatment on repeat polypectomies: survival time analysis using the General Practice Research Database. 190-4 Intranasal steroids are effective in preventing or delaying recurrence of nasal polyps. However, their effectiveness in delaying a need for repeat polypectomy in clinical practice is unknown. To compare time to a repeat polypectomy between post-polypectomy intranasal steroid users and non-users. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE: Our cohort consisted of patients in GPRD who had undergone at least one nasal polypectomy procedure in or after the year 2000. These patients were followed for up to 4 years and the time to next polypectomy was estimated. Cox`s proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the effect of post polypectomy intranasal steroid treatment on time to the next polypectomy after controlling for other respiratory conditions and their treatment. The cohort consisted of 1,675 patients with a mean age of 59 years and 68% males. Of these, 576 patients were post-polypectomy steroid users and 1,099 patients were steroid non-users. The median time to repeat polypectomy was 812 days among the steroid users and 736 days among steroid non-users. Significantly less proportion of intranasal steroid users experienced a repeat polypectomy compared to steroid non-users. This difference was consistent among subgroups of females and concomitant rhinitis treatments users. Patients with post polypectomy intranasal steroid use showed lower risk for a repeat polypectomy compared to steroid non-users. Concomitant rhinitis medication users showed a higher risk whereas other confounders were not significant. Intranasal steroids were effective in delaying a repeat polypectomy. However, further research using a prospective design is necessary to quantify the benefit of ongoing steroid treatment. Schering-Plough Ltd., Hertfordshire, United Kindom. Yogesh.punekar@spcorp.co Punekar Y S YS Ahmad A A Saleh H A HA eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids IM Aged Combined Modality Therapy Female Glucocorticoids therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy surgery Proportional Hazards Models Reoperation Survival Analysis Time Factors 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743875 21743874 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyps do not contain olfactory structures. 185-9 Nasal polyposis can lead to olfactory dysfunction, either due to physical obstruction of the olfactory cleft or physiological disruption of the olfactory neuroepithelium. Where medical therapy has failed to relieve symptoms of nasal polyposis, surgical excision can be considered. However, removal of polyps medial to the middle turbinate is controversial: some believe this will relieve physical obstruction to odourants, others state that removal here risks excising olfactory neuroepithelium. We stained 25 nasal polypectomy samples from the area medial to the middle turbinate with olfactory marker protein. We confirmed that our staining method worked on normal olfactory tissue. However, no positive staining of nasal polyps was demonstrated. We conclude that nasal polyps medial to the middle turbinate do not contain olfactory neurons, and surgical excision is not contraindicated. Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. m.bhutta@doctors.org.uk Bhutta M F MF Al-Shaikh S S Latif M M Lee R R Uraiby J J eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 OMP protein, human 0 Olfactory Marker Protein IM Aged Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps metabolism pathology surgery Olfaction Disorders pathology Olfactory Marker Protein metabolism Olfactory Mucosa metabolism pathology surgery 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743874 21743873 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology No evidence for a correlation of glutathione S-tranferase polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis. 180-4 Cellular detoxification mechanisms are mandatory for cellular protection against oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. One major group of antioxidative active enzymes involved in cellular detoxification are the Glutathione S-Transferases (GST). Multiple subtypes like GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 and variants of them are known, arising from allelic variations of the GST loci. Moreover, functional variants occur in high percentages and have been associated with diseases like bronchial asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The interplay of oxidative stress, detoxifying genes like GSTs and the genesis of respiratory tract illness is under contradictory debate. In this study, we analysed the potential association of GST-polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In total 170 nasal tissue samples, 49 tissue samples from patients with CRS without nasal polyps, 69 tissue samples from CRS with nasal polyps and 52 healthy tissue controls of the inferior turbinate were analysed for their individual GST-status. Genotypes for GSTM1 (null versus present), GSTT1 (null versus present), and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The respective genotypes were correlated to the incidence of CRS with and without nasal polyps in aspirin-tolerant and intolerant patients and to the individual health status concerning asthma and allergies. No correlation between any GST-polymorphism and CRS with and without nasal polyps or allergies or asthma or aspirin-intolerance was observed. Our results do not suggest that there is a relevant genetic predisposition considering the individual GST-status for the susceptibility of nasal respiratory epithelia leading to CRS. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany. fruth@hno.klinik.uni-mainz.de Fruth K K Best N N Amro M M Ingel K K Gosepath J J Mann W J WJ Brieger J J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 2.5.1.- glutathione S-transferase T1 EC 2.5.1.18 Glutathione S-Transferase pi EC 2.5.1.18 Glutathione Transferase EC 2.5.1.18 glutathione S-transferase M1 IM Adult Asthma epidemiology Chronic Disease Comorbidity Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics Glutathione S-Transferase pi genetics Glutathione Transferase genetics Humans Hypersensitivity epidemiology Male Nasal Mucosa Nasal Polyps epidemiology Oxidative Stress physiology Polymorphism, Genetic Rhinitis epidemiology genetics Sinusitis epidemiology genetics 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743873 21743872 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal lavage CCL24 levels correlate with eosinophils trafficking and symptoms in chronic sino-nasal eosinophilic inflammation. 174-9 The aim of our study was to measure CCL24 (eotaxin-2) levels in nasal lavage fluid of patients with different forms of sinonasal chronic eosinophilic inflammation to verify the relationship with nasal hypereosinophilia and symptoms. Patients with nasal hypereosinophilia were randomly recruited and grouped in persistent allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps. Non rhinitic volunteers were recruited as controls. CCL24 concentration was measured by `Quantikine Human CCL24 Immunoassay`. Differential cell counts were performed by microscopic cytological examination of nasal tissue scraped by inferior turbinate. CCL24 levels measured in patient groups were significantly higher compared to control group with the highest levels in NARES patients. Eotaxin- 2 levels were significantly correlated to severity of symptoms and to the percentage of eosinophils in nasal tissue. We revealed high levels of CCL24 in all patient groups showing a significant correlation with the degree of eosinophilia and clinical symptoms. A prolonged accumulation of CCL24 inside the nasal mucosa may sustain the process of unspecific self-perpetuating eosinophil recruitment pathognomonic of these patients. Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Catholic University of Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy. eugenio.decorso@tin.it De Corso E E Baroni S S Romitelli F F Luca L L Di Nardo W W Passali G C GC Paludetti G G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Chemokine CCL24 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Cell Count Chemokine CCL24 analysis Child Chronic Disease Cross-Sectional Studies Eosinophilia metabolism Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry Nasal Mucosa metabolism Rhinitis metabolism Young Adult 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743872 21743871 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology IKK-2 inhibitor TPCA-1 represses nasal epithelial inflammation in vitro. 168-73 Nasal polyposis (NP) is considered a subgroup within chronic rhinosinusitis. NP can be further subdivided into aspirin sensitive- and aspirin tolerant types (ASNP/ ATNP). Although the true etiology of NP has not been identified so far, it is agreed that NP represents an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. Alterations of cellular kinase activities including that of IKK-2 might play a role in this inflammatory process. Paraffin sections of ASNP, ATNP and controls were immunostained with Phospho-IkB-α antibody that detects the direct IKK-2 product (IkB-α. Intensity of epithelial staining was analysed semi-quantitatively by two independent observers. In cultured nasal polyp epithelial cells (NPECs) epithelial derived cytokines IL-8 and GRO α were induced by TNF-α or Staphylococcal supernatants and subsequently repressed by IKK-2 inhibitor TPCA-1. Significant Phospho-IkB-α staining was observed in the nasal epithelium of ASNP compared to ATNP and controls suggesting strong IKK-2 activation in patients with ASNP in vivo. In vitro, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and GRO-α in NPECs were significantly repressed by TPCA-1. IKK-2 activity is increased in the subgroup of ASNP. IL-8 and GRO-α responses were repressed by IKK-2 inhibitor TPCA-1 in vitro. IKK-2 inhibitors might represent a potential target for anti-inflammatory intervention in ASNP. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Munster, Germany. sachsef@ukmuenster.de Sachse F F Becker K K Basel T J TJ Weiss D D Rudack C C eng In Vitro Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 2-((aminocarbonyl)amino)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide 0 Amides 0 Chemokine CXCL1 0 Interleukin-8 0 NF-kappa B 0 Thiophenes IM Adult Aged Amides pharmacology Chemokine CXCL1 drug effects Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Interleukin-8 drug effects Male Middle Aged NF-kappa B metabolism Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Polyps metabolism Thiophenes pharmacology 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743871 21743870 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Psychosocial quality of life in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia patients. 164-7 The aim of this study was to evaluate psychosocial quality of life (PQoL) in patients with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). A retrospective study was performed on PQoL in HHT patients presenting with epistaxis. One hundred fifteen patients were interviewed using a questionnaire designed by two sociologists and a head and neck surgeon. Changes over time were assessed according to information on psychosocial well-being, social life, family support, occupation, and medical and demographic data regarding age, gender and patient appearance. Analysis of Psychosocial Quality of Life (PQoL) revealed no statistical difference in relation to gender, marital status, household income or place of residence (rural or urban); however, a significant difference was observed with age. Elderly patients had a poorer PQoL than younger patients. Workers had a better PQoL than unemployed patients. Epistaxis and professional duties were correlated: workers with less than one episode of epistaxis per month were more active. Frequent episodes of epistaxis and abundant bleeding decreased PQoL. These patients felt different and often experienced a desire to withdraw compared to others. Epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia patients was associated with the impairment of many PQoL criteria, together with relationship modifications. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, CHU - Avenue Cote de Nacre, 14033 Caen Cedex, France. marjorie.loaec@yahoo.fr Loaëc M M Morinière S S Hitier M M Ferrant O O Plauchu H H Babin E E eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Epistaxis etiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Retrospective Studies Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743870 21743869 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Altered quality of life in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease related to recurrent epistaxis. 155-62 Development and validation of an epistaxis-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (EQQoL) to evaluate the impact on quality of life of epistaxis, during hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Prospective clinical study using QoL instruments administered twice in HHT patients. In total, 109 patients who had epistaxis and a clinical diagnosis of HHT according to Curacao criteria were included. Invoice of the questionnaire in 2004 and 2006 included SF-36, Jenkins` sleep scale and the new epistaxis-specific13-item EQQoL. EQQoL uptake rate was 98%, mean score 58/100 +- 27, and Cronbach alpha 0.96. EQQoL was sensitive to change with a strong correlation with the course of epistaxis. Factorial analysis showed that EQQoL was clearly distinct from SF-36 and Jenkins sleep scales. In stepwise multivariate ordinal logistic regression, frequency and duration of epistaxis were both associated with lower EQQoL. Conversely, visceral involvement and comorbidity had independent impact on SF-36 scores, but not on EQQoL. This new epistaxis-specific EQQoL questionnaire provides complementary information on the impact of HHT on patients quality of life relative to the SF-36 generic questionnaire. After international validation, the EQQoL might prove a useful tool for treatment evaluation. Clinical Investigation Center INSERM CIC-P 802, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Universite de Poitiers, France. Ingrand I I Ingrand P P Gilbert-Dussardier B B Defossez G G Jouhet V V Migeot V V Dufour X X Klossek J M JM eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Epistaxis etiology Female Health Status Indicators Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Questionnaires Recurrence Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications Young Adult 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743869 21743868 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Osteogenic potential of cells derived from nasal septum. 148-54 The research addressed to detect new molecular targets in the development of therapeutic strategies aimed to repair bone tissues. The AIM OF THIS STUDY was to determine the potential osteogenic activity of bone cells from the nasal septum and their use to perform accurate molecular analysis from a single sample. The cells, after nasal septum surgery, were subjected to gene silencing, Reverse Transcriptase - Polymerase Chain reactions, immunocytochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Cells from the nasal septum can give rise to mature osteoblasts that express osteogenic markers (ALP, Runx2, Slug) and are able to mineralize. We demonstrated that Runx2, a transcription factor critical in early osteospecific differentiation, interacts in vivo with the promoter of the SLUG gene, a marker of osteoblast maturation. We demonstrated that nasal septum-derived osteoblasts represent an interesting alternative source for bone forming cells, and a promising material to be utilized in bone cellular therapy. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. Torreggiani E E Bianchini C C Penolazzi L L Lambertini E E Vecchiatini R R Canella A A Gambari R R Magri E E Pelucchi S S Pastore A A Piva R R eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit 0 RNA, Small Interfering 0 RUNX2 protein, human 0 Transcription Factors 0 snail family transcription factors IM Adult Aged Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit Female Flow Cytometry Gene Silencing Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum cytology Osteoblasts physiology Osteogenesis physiology RNA, Small Interfering genetics Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Tissue Engineering methods Transcription Factors Transfection 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743868 21743867 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Osteitic bone in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. 139-47 There is increasing interest in the underlying bone of the paranasal sinuses as an important player in recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Close inspection of CT scans often reveals areas of increased bone density and irregular thickening of the sinus walls. This osteitic bone could at least partly explain, why inflammation of the mucosa persists. We searched PubMed for all relevant studies, using the following text words: chronic rhinosinusitis, sinusitis, bone, osteitis, osteomyelitis, histology, and treatment. Cited references of retrieved articles were also examined. Background, available data, potential diagnostic options, treatment implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed. Osteitis is associated with CRS, however its role in the pathogenic process is not well defined. More research is needed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. W.J.Videler@amc.uva.nl Videler W J M WJ Georgalas C C Menger D J DJ Freling N J M NJ van Drunen C M CM Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Chronic Disease Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Osteitis etiology pathology radiography Rhinitis complications pathology radiography Sinusitis complications pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743867 21743866 2011 07 11 2011 08 11

0300-0729 49 2 2011 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Symptoms of rhinosinusitis. 129-30 Fokkens W J WJ eng Comment Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):131-8 21751530 Disease Progression Humans Rhinitis diagnosis Sinusitis diagnosis 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 7 12 6 0 2011 8 13 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21743866 22125793 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of epistaxis without the use of nasal packing, a patient study. 600-4 We questioned how many patients with epistaxis can be treated by cautery without the use of nasal packing, as cautery is more effective and efficient. To investigate this, we performed a retrospective study of a cohort of 418 patients with epistaxis who presented to one ENT consultant at the ENT department of Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden (the Netherlands) between 1997 and 2007. Main outcomes were the treatment modality (cautery and/or nasal packing), recurrence of epistaxis and need for hospitalization. In 98% of all patients the bleeding site could be found and treated by cautery. The incidence of recurrent bleeding was 6%. Two percent of all patients had to be admitted to the hospital. This is considerably lower compared with recurrence rates and hospitalization after treatment by nasal packing known from the literature. Therefore we concluded that nearly all patients can be effectively treated by cautery with a low recurrence rate. In addition, this method of treatment is very cost effective. Because cautery requires skill and appropriate facilities, we recommend special attention for this in ENT training programs. ENT Department, Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. esther.vis@znb.nl Vis Esther E van den Berge Herbert H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cautery Epistaxis surgery Female Hospitalization statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Recurrence Retrospective Studies Young Adult 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1046 10.4193/Rhin 22125793 22125792 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Wnt-pathway activation in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. 593-9 Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is an epithelial cancer of the sinonasal sinuses that shows histological similarity to colorectal cancer (CRC) and share chronic inflammation as a possible etiological factor. The Wnt-pathway is one of the most important tumourigenic pathways in CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate if the Wnt-pathway is activated in ITAC. Protein expression profiles of E-cadherin, β-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 were analysed by immunohistochemistry in 83 samples of ITAC, organized into tissue microarray blocks. Nuclear β-catenin expression was observed in 31% of the cases and was twice as frequent in papillary/colonic ITAC compared to solid/mucinous subtypes. Loss of membranous β-catenin staining occurred in 24% and loss of membranous E-cadherin in 6% of the cases and this was more prominent in mucinous types. Strong c-myc and cyclin D1 expression was observed in 30% and 4% of the cases, respectively. Nuclear β-catenin expression was significantly related to poor clinical outcome, independent from established factors as tumour stage and histological type. The presence of nuclear β-catenin in 31% of patients with ITACs indicated that in a subset of patients, the Wnt-pathway is active and conveys a worse prognosis. Dept. of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. Díaz-Molina Juan Pablo JP Llorente José Luis JL Vivanco Blanca B Martínez-Camblor Pablo P Fresno Manuel Florentino MF Pérez-Escuredo Jhudit J Álvarez-Marcos César C Hermsen Mario A MA eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cadherins 0 DNA-Binding Proteins 0 MYCBP protein, human 0 Transcription Factors 0 beta Catenin 136601-57-5 Cyclin D1 IM Adenocarcinoma mortality pathology physiopathology Aged Aged, 80 and over Cadherins metabolism Cyclin D1 metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism Female Gene Expression Profiling Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms mortality pathology physiopathology Prognosis Protein Array Analysis Transcription Factors metabolism Wnt Signaling Pathway physiology beta Catenin metabolism 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1048 10.4193/Rhin 22125792 22125791 2012 02 06 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Impaired nasal breathing may prevent the beneficial effect of weight loss in the treatment of OSA. 587-92 Weight loss is considered an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in overweight patients. Some patients, however, do not benefit from weight loss. It has been postulated that nasal obstruction may act as an independent risk factor for OSA. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether impaired nasal airflow might explain the missing effect of weight reduction on OSA. Fifty-two overweight adult patients with mild OSA were recruited. After the 12-month lifestyle intervention, all patients who achieved more than 5% weight loss were divided into two groups based on whether they still had OSA or not. Change in nasal resistance measured by rhinomanometer and AHI were the main outcome variables. A total of 26/52 patients achieved 5% weight reduction. Of those 26 patients, 16 were objectively cured from OSA and 10 patients did not benefit from weight loss. Nasal resistance reduced significantly more in patients who had been cured from OSA. Smoking had a negative impact on both nasal resistance and improvement of AHI. Impaired nasal breathing and smoking may prevent the beneficial effects of weight reduction in the treatment of OSA. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland. henry.blomster@kuh.fi Blomster Henry H Kemppainen Tatu T Numminen Jura J Ruoppi Pirkko P Sahlman Johanna J Peltonen Markku M Seppa Juha J Tuomilehto Henri H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Comorbidity Female Humans Life Style Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction epidemiology Obesity epidemiology Rhinomanometry Risk Factors Sleep Apnea, Obstructive epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Weight Loss 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1052 10.4193/Rhin 22125791 22125790 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between nasal index and nasal airway resistance, and response to a topical decongestant. 583-6 The differences in the shape and size of the nose have been proposed to be an adaptation to climate with broad noses (platyrrhine) evolving in a warm humid environment where there was little need for air conditioning and narrow noses (leptorrhine) evolving in colder climates where the air needed more warming. The main aim of this research was to determine if there was any relationship between the shape of the nose as expressed in terms of nasal height and width (nasal index) and total nasal airway resistance (NAR), as one would predict that the narrower leptorrhine noses would have a greater resistance to air flow than the broader platyrrhine noses. It was also proposed that the narrow leptorrhine nose would have better developed vascular tissue than the broad platyrrhine nose in order to condition cold air, and would exhibit a greater response to nasal decongestion. No correlation was found between nasal index and NAR (r = -0.09) and similarly no correlation was found between nasal index and response to a topical nasal decongestant (r = 0.02). The absence of any physiological differences between the different nose types may be due to acclimatisation of participants to the area of recruitment. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. Doddi N M NM Eccles R R eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Acclimatization physiology Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Nose anatomy & histology physiology Patient Selection Pilot Projects Rhinomanometry Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1038 10.4193/Rhin 22125790 22125789 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Influence of cigarette smoking on endoscopic sinus surgery long-term outcomes. 577-82 The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of smoking on long-term outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. The study prospectively enrolled 274 patients at the Department of Otolaryngology of the Warsaw Medical University from 1993 to 2000. All patients were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis and scheduled for the endoscopic sinus surgery. We evaluated subgroups of patients with respect to bronchial asthma, allergy, aspirin triad, gastro-esophageal reflux disease and nasal septal deviation. Patients were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Patient CT scan results were recorded according to the four-grade classification system by Kennedy. Patients were observed over a period between 2 to 9 years following the surgical intervention and had their surgery revised if the severity of symptoms were at the same level or worsened. Prior to endoscopic sinus surgery, 23% of smokers and 20% of non-smokers scored III or IV on the Kennedy Scale. The revision ESS was carried out in 27 patients. In this group there were 20% smokers and 7% non-smokers, with the difference being significant. There was no significant difference in the postoperative quality of life scale scores. The study shows that while smoking did not influence preoperative symptoms, smokers had worse postoperative outcomes. Department of Otolaryngology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland. Krzeski Anton A Galewicz Anna A Chmielewski Rafal R Kisiel Marta M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Comorbidity Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Rhinitis epidemiology surgery Sinusitis epidemiology surgery Smoking adverse effects epidemiology Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1045 10.4193/Rhin 22125789 22125788 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Anti-IL-5 immunomodulates the effect of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin on T cell response in nasal polyps. 570-6 Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a T helper-2 (Th2) inflammatory disease with considerable impact on the quality of life. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SAEs) can induce and/or amplify inflammation. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of SAEs on cytokine production by T cell obtained from nasal polyps (NPs) and examined whether neutralizing interleukin 5 (IL-5) can reverse the immunological effect mediated by those toxins. NP tissues were obtained from all patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP. NP cells were isolated and stimulated in vitro with SAEs in the presence or absence of anti-IL-5. Flow cytometry (FACS) analyses were performed to measure specific T lymphocyte cytokine production. Seventeen patients (mean age 48 years) were enrolled. SAEs significantly increased the IL-4, IL-5 (Th2) and interferon (INF)-γ (Th1) cytokines released from T lymphocytes of NPs. The addition of anti-IL-5 suppressed IL-4 and INF-γ release, which was most evident on NP tissue with high basal levels of IL-5. Neutralizing IL-5 is a potential therapeutic modality in patients with NPs, the effect of which is dependent on IL-5 levels. Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Langier S S Landsberg R R Sade K K Kivity S S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Enterotoxins 0 Interleukin-5 IM Adult Aged Antigen Presentation physiology Enterotoxins immunology Female Humans Immunomodulation Interleukin-5 antagonists & inhibitors immunology Lymphocyte Activation immunology Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy immunology physiopathology Staphylococcus aureus immunology T-Lymphocytes drug effects immunology 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1047 10.4193/Rhin 22125788 22125787 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Impact of cell culture methods on the outcomes of the in vitro inflammatory response in nasal polyps. 562-9 In vitro culture of nasal polyp cells is frequently used in the investigation of inflammatory mechanisms and effect of treatments in nasal polyposis. Research outcomes may, however, be influenced by the culture methodology used. Nasal polyp and nasal mucosa in vitro fibroblast cultures were pre-treated with foetal bovine serum (FBS)-free culture medium or medium supplemented with either FBS or charcoal-stripped (cs) FBS. Cells were then stimulated with FBS or csFBS, with or without different doses of dexamethasone for 4 and 24h. IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF and VEGF release and cell viability were measured. The highest cytokine levels were found in growth-arrested cells stimulated with 10% FBS. csFBS poorly stimulated cytokine release. Nasal polyp released larger IL-8 amounts than nasal mucosa fibroblasts. Dexamethasone decreased cytokine production dose- and time-dependently in both nasal mucosa and nasal polyp fibroblasts. The IC25 of IL-8 inhibition by dexamethasone was higher in nasal polyp than in nasal mucosa fibroblasts. Cell viability did not differ among treatments. Cytokine production by in vitro cultured nasal fibroblasts is affected by the culture conditions used and is inhibited by dexamethasone in both fibroblast types. Our results highlight the importance of culture methodology on nasal polyp research outcomes. Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. Fernández-Bertolín Laura L Mullol Joaquim J Alobid Isam I Roca-Ferrer Jordi J Picado César C Pujols Laura L eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Cytokines 0 Inflammation Mediators 0 Interleukin-6 0 Interleukin-8 0 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A 50-02-2 Dexamethasone IM Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology Cell Culture Techniques Cell Survival physiology Cytokines Dexamethasone pharmacology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fibroblasts physiology Humans Inflammation Mediators physiology Interleukin-6 metabolism Interleukin-8 metabolism Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nasal Polyps physiopathology Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A metabolism 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1039 10.4193/Rhin 22125787 22125786 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Antimicrobial peptides in nasal secretion and mucosa with respect to Staphylococcus aureus colonization in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. 554-61 Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (NP) is hypothesized to have pathophysiological impact on the disease. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP), especially human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3) and LL-37, are an important part of the multifactorial defence against microorganisms in barrier organs like the nasal mucosa. The interaction of S. aureus colonization and AMP in nasal secretions and mucosa of NP were investigated in this study. AMP were quantified in nasal secretions of 13 normal controls (NC) and 12 NP patients, each with and without S. aureus colonization, by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the cellular sources of AMP in the nasal mucosa. To explore the AMP response of primary nasal epithelial cell cultures (NEC) towards S. aureus stimulation, a functional assay was established. AMP could be demonstrated in nasal secretions of all groups without differences in hBD-3 concentrations comparing S. aureus carriers vs. non-carriers. In NC, higher LL-37 concentrations were observed in S. aureus colonized as compared to non-colonized patients. This effect was not detectable in NP patients. Epithelial cells, submucosal glands and cells of the connective tissue could be identified as sources of AMP by immunohistochemistry. An AMP response of NEC towards S. aureus stimulation was detected in all groups. In NP patients, LL-37 response towards S. aureus colonization is disturbed while the ability of NEC to respond on S. aureus challenge is preserved. This deregulation of the nasal barrier could be involved in the multifactorial pathophysiology of NP. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Thienhaus Maike Luisa ML Wohlers Janet J Podschun Rainer R Hedderich Jürgen J Ambrosch Petra P Laudien Martin M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides 0 Cathelicidins 0 beta-Defensins 0 beta-defensin 3, human 0 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide IM Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides metabolism Cathelicidins metabolism Chronic Disease Comorbidity Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Nasal Mucosa metabolism microbiology secretion Nasal Polyps epidemiology metabolism microbiology physiopathology Rhinitis epidemiology Sinusitis epidemiology Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification beta-Defensins metabolism 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1042 10.4193/Rhin 22125786 22125785 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology 3D stereophotogrammetric analysis of lip and nasal symmetry after primary cheiloseptoplasty in complete unilateral cleft lip repair. 546-53 The aim of this study was to evaluate symmetry of the lip and nose in patients with CUCLP after primary cheiloseptoplasty (Afroze technique), in comparison to non-cleft controls. In this prospective study, forty-four patients with operated non-syndromic CUCLP were included. The control group consisted of 44 volunteers without cleft defects of approximately the same age and sex. Primary septoplasty was performed in conjunction with the cleft lip (CL) repair using the Afroze incision. 3D facial images were acquired using 3D stereophotogrammetry. After a 3D cephalometric analysis of the lip and nose was performed in both groups, linear and volumetric data were acquired. Lip and nose symmetry were calculated and compared using Student`s t-tests as well as the Chi square test. For all measurements, the control group was up to 36% closer to perfect symmetry compared to the CUCLP group after primary surgery. This difference was statistically significant. After primary cheiloseptoplasty according to the Afroze technique in patients with CUCLP, asymmetry in the nose and lip area still exists as compared to non-cleft controls. Although non-cleft individuals also show some degree of asymmetry, the results of this study stress the difficulty in obtaining near normal symmetrical relations. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radbound University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. van Loon Bram B Reddy Srinivas G SG van Heerbeek Niels N Ingels Koen J A O KJ Maal Thomas J J TJ Borstlap Wilfred A WA Reddy Rajgopal R RR Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne-Marie AM Bergé Stefaan J SJ eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cephalometry Child Child, Preschool Cleft Lip surgery Cleft Palate surgery Female Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Infant Lip anatomy & histology Male Nose anatomy & histology Orthognathic Surgical Procedures Photogrammetry 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1051 10.4193/Rhin 22125785 22125784 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Development and validation of a symptom questionnaire for recording outcomes in adult lacrimal surgery. 538-45 A symptom-based questionnaire (the `Lac-Q` questionnaire) for adult patients undergoing lacrimal drainage surgery was developed. The questionnaire yields a numerical score that can be used to assess severity of symptoms. In this study, the questionnaire was evaluated in 17 consecutive patients undergoing 22 dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) procedures. The questionnaire was administered pre- and postoperatively. The pathology encountered at operation was recorded. The success of surgery was judged by patient satisfaction, endoscopic evaluation of DCR stomal patency, and objective lacrimal drainage testing using the functional endoscopic dye test (FEDT). In a further group of 12 pre-operative cases, the questionnaire was repeated after 4-6 weeks but before surgery, to assess test-retest reliability in the absence of clinical change. The Lac-Q questionnaire was based on two broad categories of eye-specific scores and social impact scores. A numerical score, the `Lac-Q` score, was generated pre- and postoperatively. When compared to pre-operative scores, the reduction in Lac-Q scores postoperatively was significant. Postoperative scores also correlated well with objective lacrimal drainage testing using the FEDT. Analysis of symptom scores shows that the questionnaire was reliable with regard to content validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and responsiveness to clinical change. We conclude that the Lac-Q questionnaire is a useful clinical tool to evaluate outcomes after adult lacrimal surgery. Department of Otolaryngology, Queen's Hospital, Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, UK. Mistry N N Rockley T J TJ Reynolds T T Hopkins C C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Dacryocystorhinostomy Humans Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases surgery Questionnaires Reproducibility of Results Treatment Outcome 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1027 10.4193/Rhin 22125784 22125783 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Socioeconomic status: a disease modifier of chronic rhinosinusitis? 533-7 The Lund-MacKay score (LMS) correlates poorly with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptom severity. Patients with CRS also tend to report relatively lower levels of mental wellbeing. Our purpose was to determine if there is a correlation between socio-economic status (SES) and CRS severity as measured by the LMS, and if there is an association between depression symptoms and the severity of CRS using the LMS. A total of 127 patients diagnosed with CRS were prospectively recruited and assessed with a sinonasal assessment questionnaire (SNAQ-11), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. Each patient`s education level, family income, and smoking behavior were determined. The sinus CT scan was scored using the LMS. The data were analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression techniques. Having a highschool education or less was associated with higher SNAQ-11 scores while being a daily smoker was associated with higher SNAQ-11 scores. There was no significant relationship between educational attainment, financial income or daily smoking and sinus CT score. Including depression scores in the SNAQ-11, regression equations indicated a significant and positive relationship between depression severity and SNAQ-11 score. CRS with polyps was negatively associated with SNAQ-11 scores but, as expected, it was positively associated with a higher LMS. Lower SES status is a negative modifying factor of subjective CRS severity but it has no impact on the LMS. Depression symptoms are associated with increased subjective CRS severity but they have no effect on the LMS. How SES and depression impact on a patient`s self-reported disease severity requires further study. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. shaunkilty@hotmail.com Kilty Shaun J SJ McDonald J Ted JT Johnson Stephanie S Al-Mutairi Dakhellallah D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Depression epidemiology Educational Status Humans Income Least-Squares Analysis Prospective Studies Rhinitis epidemiology Severity of Illness Index Sinusitis epidemiology Social Class 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1035 10.4193/Rhin 22125783 22125782 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Clinical efficacy of a short course of systemic steroids in nasal polyposis. 525-32 Although oral steroids are widely used for the treatment of nasal polyposis, a subset of patients shows an unfavorable therapeutic outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a short course of oral prednisolone in nasal polyposis and to evaluate which, if any, clinical variables can predict treatment outcome in these patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: Using a 3:2 randomization ratio, 63 patients with nasal polyposis received 50 mg of prednisolone and 46 patients received placebo daily for 14 days. Clinical response was evaluated by total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), peak expiratory flow index (PEFI) and total nasal polyps score (TNPS). Potential predictor variables were assessed by clinical history, nasal endoscopy, allergy skin test and sinus radiography. The prednisolone-treated group showed significantly greater improvements in all nasal symptoms, nasal flow and polyp size than the placebo-treated group (p < 0.001, all). In the prednisolone-treated group, patients with grade 3 polyps and positive nasal endoscopy showed significantly less improvement in TNSS, PEFI and TNPS than patients with grades 1-2 size and with negative nasal endoscopy. A short course of oral steroids showed good clinical efficacy in the treatment of nasal polyposis, however, polyps size grade 3 and/or positive nasal endoscopy predispose to a poorer treatment outcome. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songklu University, Thailand. kvirat2002@yahoo.com Kirtsreesakul Virat V Wongsritrang Krongthong K Ruttanaphol Suwalee S eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Adolescent Adult Aged Double-Blind Method Female Glucocorticoids administration & dosage Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy Prednisolone administration & dosage Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1044 10.4193/Rhin 22125782 22125781 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Persistent asthma has an accumulative impact on the loss of smell in patients with nasal polyposis. 519-24 Loss of sense of smell is one of the most frequent complaints in patients with nasal polyposis (NP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of asthma and its severity on the sense of smell. Patients with massive NP and healthy controls were included. More than half of patients presented with asthma. Olfactometry by Barcelona Smell Test 24, nasal symptoms score, nasal endoscopy, allergy study, and paranasal sinus CT scan were assessed. NP patients showed a significant impairment in smell detection, identification, and forced choice compared to the control. Asthmatics reported lower scores for detection, identification, and forced choice than non-asthmatic patients. Patients with persistent asthma had an increased impairment of sense of smell on detection, identification, and forced choice than patients with intermittent asthma. No significant differences were found between mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthmatics. Paranasal sinuses opacification was inversely correlated with smell detection, identification and forced choice. These findings suggest that patients with NP have an impaired sense of smell, that asthma -particularly persistent asthma- has a further impact on sense of smell, and that loss of smell may be used as a clinical tool to identify the severity of both NP and asthma. Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain. isamobid@hotmail.com Alobid Isam I Cardelus Sara S Benítez Pedro P Guilemany José Maria JM Roca-Ferrer Jordi J Picado Cesar C Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel M Mullol Joaquim J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Asthma epidemiology Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps epidemiology Olfaction Disorders epidemiology Rhinitis epidemiology Sinusitis epidemiology 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1037 10.4193/Rhin 22125781 22125780 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Just noticeable difference in olfaction: a discriminative tool between healthy elderly and patients with cognitive disorders associated with dementia. 513-8 Olfactory dysfunction appears to be one of the earliest signs of several age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer`s disease (AD) or Parkinson`s disease (PD). To rate performance and olfactory deficits in patients with cognitive disorders, various olfactory tasks have been used such as odor detection, discrimination, recognition memory, identification and naming but no study has been focused on just noticeable difference (JND), a sensitive tool of detection. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare variations in JNDs in healthy elderly and in patients with cognitive disorders associated with dementia. The results showed significantly higher olfactory JNDs in a population with cognitive disorders associated with dementia - i.e. a lower olfactory detection performance - compared to a control population paired in age, gender and education level. Additionally, the findings of the present study showed strong correlations between cognitive performances and JND scores in the control population contrary to the patient population. These findings are discussed in relation to the relevance of using olfactory JNDs in the diagnosis of dementias. Neuroscience Lab, Université de Franche-Comte, Besançon, France. Hidalgo J J Chopard G G Galmiche J J Jacquot L L Brand G G eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Cognition Disorders epidemiology Dementia epidemiology Differential Threshold Female Humans Male Smell 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1036 10.4193/Rhin 22125780 22125779 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Solitary chemosensory cells in the respiratory and vomeronasal epithelium of the human nose: a pilot study. 507-12 Recently, solitary chemosensory cells have been described in the respiratory and vomeronasal epithelium of the rodent nose. Expressing G-protein coupled receptors for sweet, umami and bitter taste transduction, these cells are thought to mediate trigeminal reflexes upon stimulation with chemical irritants. The present study analyzes human nasal mucosa for the presence of solitary chemosensory cells. In human tissue samples from respiratory mucosa and the vomeronasal organ, gene expression of taste receptors families was studied in five patients using the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array and immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. Immunohistochemistry revealed that solitary chemosensory cells expressing G-protein coupled receptors for sweet, umami and bitter taste transduction are present in the human nose. cDNA microarray analysis congruently showed that cells expressing bitter taste receptors accumulate in the vomeronasal organ compared to the respiratory epithelium. Solitary chemosensory cells expressing taste receptors are also present in the human nose. Since they are thought to mediate trigeminal reflexes, their role in the pathogenesis of nasal hyperreagibility should be elucidated in further studies. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. thomas.braun@med.uni-muenchen.de Braun Thomas T Mack Brigitte B Kramer Matthias F MF eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled 0 taste receptors, type 2 IM Epithelial Cells metabolism Humans Immunohistochemistry Nose cytology Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Pilot Projects Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism Taste Buds metabolism Vomeronasal Organ cytology 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1053 10.4193/Rhin 22125779 22125778 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Rhinophototherapy: gimmick or an emerging treatment option for allergic rhinitis? 499-506 Photodynamic therapy has been used in treating immune-mediated dermatological conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. There are emerging reports on the efficacy of intranasal phototherapy in allergic rhinitis. The aim of this review was to assess intranasal phototherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, with particular emphasis on clinical efficacy, scientific basis and safety. A structured search of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed), the Cochrane Collaboration library, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Knowledge database was undertaken using MeSH terms `phototherapy` and `rhinitis.` Fourteen full-text articles were available for review. Three different phototherapy medical devices were assessed: (1) Bionase(TM), (2) Allergy Reliever SN206 and (3) Rhinolight(®). Light wavelength used in these devices ranged from red light to ultraviolet. Clinical use of intranasal phototherapy appears to be safe and well tolerated. Most studies demonstrated symptomatic improvement and quality of life scores. No improvement in objective measures of nasal airflow was demonstrated. Beneficial effects of phototherapy on inflammatory markers remain equivocal. Phototherapy treatment results in DNA damage but does not appear to predispose to carcinogenesis. However, long-term prospective studies are required to verify this. The quality of published studies was variable and thus the current strength of recommending intranasal phototherapy is currently weak. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK. lcheel@doctors.org.uk Leong S C SC eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Complementary Therapies Equipment Design Humans Phototherapy instrumentation Quality of Life Rhinitis physiopathology therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal therapy Treatment Outcome 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1043 10.4193/Rhin 22125778 22125777 2011 12 14 2012 03 27

0300-0729 49 5 2011 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Olfaction - the Cinderella of the senses? 497-8 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Otolaryngology Research Smell 2011 11 30 6 0 2011 11 30 6 0 2012 3 28 6 0 ppublish 1054 10.4193/Rhin 22125777 21866280 2011 08 25 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology A survey on the management of acute rhinosinusitis among Asian physicians. 264-71 Based on the `European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal polyps (EP3OS 2007)`, this study aimed to investigate general practitioners (GPs) and other specialists` understanding when managing patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in Asia. Among a total of 2662 questionnaires completed, 2524 (94.8%) were valid for analysis. There were 1308 GPs (51.8%), 989 otolaryngologists (39.2%) and 227 paediatricians (9%) from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Taiwan. ARS is affecting an estimated 6 - 10% of patients seen in a daily out-patient practice. The EP3OS criteria are well supported by Asian physicians (94.1%). Most physicians (62.7%) agreed that radiological investigation is not needed to diagnose ARS. However, even for mild ARS (common cold), medical treatments were still recommended by 87% of GPs, 83.9% of otolaryngologists, and 70% of paediatricians. The top three first-line treatments prescribed were antihistamines (39.2%), nasal decongestants (33.6%), and antibiotics (29.5%). Antibiotics usage increased as the first line treatment of moderate (45.9%) and severe (60.3%) ARS. ARS is commonly managed by GPs, otolaryngologists, and paediatricians in Asia. However, understanding of the management of ARS needs further improvement to minimize unnecessary use of radiological investigations, overuse of antibiotics, and under use of nasal corticosteroids. Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. entedy@nus.edu.sg Wang D Y DY Wardani R S RS Singh K K Thanaviratananich S S Vicente G G Xu G G Zia M R MR Gulati A A Fang S Y SY Shi L L Chan Y H YH Price D D Lund V J VJ Mullol J J Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Histamine Antagonists IM Acute Disease Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Asia, Southeastern Drug Utilization Health Care Surveys Histamine Antagonists therapeutic use Humans Rhinitis diagnosis drug therapy therapy Sinusitis diagnosis drug therapy therapy 2011 8 26 6 0 2011 8 26 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21866280 21858272 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Revison endonasal dacryocystorhinostomies: analysis of 44 procedures. 375-80 To determine the success rate of revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) and to analyse 44 revision DCRs. The operative and postoperative data were collected in 44 revision DCRs. The corrections of associated structural anatomic alterations were performed during the surgery (resection of the scarr, the bone window creating, resection of the head of the middle turbinate, septoplasty, ethmoidectomy etc.) and the intubation was performed in all cases. The follow-up interval ranged from 12 to 36 months. The 44 ReEDCRs were performed in adults and there were only 5 children under the age of 15. The surgery was performed under local or general anaesthesia. The most frequent secondary procedures were scar resections, creating a wider bone window, and partial middle turbinate resection. Four patients were excluded for their follow-up periods had not been completed. An average time of the tubes removal was 5.6 months. The total success rate was 84.0%; the success rate was 85.7% in the group with closed rhinostomy and 1/2 in the group of canalicular and rhinostomy obstructions. The endonasal revision DCR is a safe and very effective surgical procedure following the failed DCRs. The correction of associated structural anatomic alterations that may be involved in the failure of previous surgeries can be easily performed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic. pavel.kominek@fno.cz Kominek P P Cervenka S S Pniak T T Zelenik K K Tomaskova H H Matousek P P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Aged, 80 and over Child Dacryocystorhinostomy methods Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Reoperation Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858272 21858271 2011 08 22 2011 10 25 2011 11 10

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic treatment of maxillary inverted papilloma. 369-74 Evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in maxillary inverted papilloma (IP). Between July 2002 - April 2008, 20 patients affected by maxillary localization of IP were treated in our Clinic. All patients underwent endoscopic treatment consisting of an endoscopic medial maxillectomy (simple or extended), or attachment-site endoscopic tumour surgery. The cohort was composed of 20 patients (male: 15, female: 5), mean age 58 years, and included 21 endoscopic resections of maxillary IP. Minimum follow-up: 24 months, mean follow-up: 50 months. We registered only 1 case of tumour persistence/recurrence after 15 months, which underwent a second endoscopic treatment. No association with malignant lesions was noted. The efficacy of the endoscopic treatment was 95% (19/20 cases) after primary surgery, and 100% after endoscopic revision. Our experience demonstrates the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in maxillary IP. Based On its reduced morbidity in comparison to external approaches and its good control of the disease, we consider it our standard treatment for maxillary-originated inverted papilloma. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Pagella F F Giourgos G G Matti E E Canevari F R FR Carena P P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy methods Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms surgery Middle Aged Papilloma, Inverted surgery Treatment Outcome 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858271 21858270 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Optical and electromagnetic tracking for navigated surgery of the sinuses and frontal skull base. 364-8 New hardware and software algorithms in electromagnetic tracking for computer assisted surgery (CAS) have been developed. We aimed to compare electromagnetic tracking for navigated procedures in frontal skull base surgery to optical tracking. Target registration error (TRE) was determined in 6 anatomic specimens in an experimental wet-lab. As targets, 6 titanium screws were evenly distributed over the surgical areas of interest from the frontal sinus to the clivus. Optical tracking and electromagnetic tracking was evaluated in identical software environment using a last generation commercially available navigation system. Submillimetric application accuracy could be achieved with both tracking modalities. Optical was more accurate than electromagnetic tracking and its reliability was better. Target position did not influence TRE, however TRE varied significantly from skull to skull. Although less accurate than optical tracking, electromagnetic tracking still offers excellent accuracy and reliability for anterior skull base surgery. Electromagnetic tracking is not dependent on direct line of sight between its hardware components and therefore easily integrated even in cluttered operating theatres. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria. florian.kral@i-med.ac.at Kral F F Puschban E J EJ Riechelmann H H Pedross F F Freysinger W W eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Electromagnetic Phenomena Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods Male Optics and Photonics instrumentation Skull Base surgery Surgery, Computer-Assisted methods 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858270 21858269 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and antrochoanal polyps. 356-63 Chronic rhinosinusitis without and with nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP), and antrochoanal polyps are different phenotypes with different pathomechanisms. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme expressed in many cells involved in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO might have a role in allergic airway inflammation. The aim was to evaluate if IDO expression is associated with CRSsNP, CRSwNP, or ACP. One hundred fifty specimens from the nasal cavity and sinus mucosa were immunohistochemically stained with mAb anti-IDO. The expression of epithelial and leukocyte IDO was associated with CRSwNP and ACP. The presence of ASA intolerance, asthma, atopy, smoking and use of medication did not significantly change the results. The different expression of IDO could putatively indicate the differences in the pathomechanisms of CRSsNP, CRSwNP and ACP. Further studies on the role of IDO in upper airways pathologies are required. Department of Pathology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. Honkanen T T Luukkainen A A Lehtonen M M Paavonen T T Karjalainen J J Hurme M M Myller J J Huhtala H H Rautiainen M M Toppila-Salmi S S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 1.13.11.42 Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase IM Adult Aged Chronic Disease Comorbidity Eosinophils metabolism Female Humans Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase metabolism Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps epidemiology physiopathology Rhinitis epidemiology metabolism physiopathology Sinusitis epidemiology metabolism physiopathology Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858269 21858268 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyposis and cystic fibrosis(CF): review of the literature. 347-55 The aim of this study was to address whether NP might be a predictive factor for severity of CF. The authors collected data from the literature on NP as a unique or associated sign in CF and reviewed the clinical and molecular aspects of CF associated with NP. CF genotypes and clinical severity in NP(+) vs. NP(-) patients were reviewed, taking into account pulmonary function, frequency of P. aeruginosa lung infection, frequency of allergy, nutritional status, and exocrine pancreatic function. The CFTR gene was also analyzed in a patient with isolated severe NP as the unique feature of CF. This review of the literature showed a `milder` phenotype in `NP+` vs. `NP-` CF patients, contrasting with a marked association between NP and `severe` CF mutations. In addition, a complex genotype was identified, associating four heterozygous variants, namely p.Q493X (a severe mutation) on the paternal allele, and p.V562I, p.A1006E, and (TG)11(T)5 (IVS8-5T) on the maternal allele, in a case of CF presenting as isolated NP. The authors speculate that genetic/environmental factors associated with NP might attenuate the functional impact of `severe` CF mutations. The overrepresentation of CF carriers among patients with isolated NP also advocates the need for CFTR molecular screening in such populations for genetic counselling purposes. Biochemistry A Laboratory, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France. Feuillet-Fieux M N MN Lenoir G G Sermet I I Elie C C Djadi-Prat J J Ferrec M M Magen M M Couloigner V V Manach Y Y Lacour B B Bonnefont J P JP eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 126880-72-6 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator IM Adult Cystic Fibrosis epidemiology genetics Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator genetics DNA Mutational Analysis Humans Male Nasal Polyps epidemiology genetics Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858268 21858267 2011 08 22 2011 10 25 2011 12 12

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology The effect of a herbal combination of primrose, gentian root, vervain, elder flowers, and sorrel on olfactory function in patients with a sinonasal olfactory dysfunction. 342-6 Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom in patients with inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Among numerous drugs, so far only the use of steroids has been shown to have a positive effect on olfactory function. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with sinonasal disease would benefit in terms of olfactory function from oral treatment with a herbal drug (combination of primrose, gentian root, vervain, elder flowers, and sorrel: Sinupret(r)) which is commonly used in sinusitis. Olfactory function was tested using a standardised olfactory test kit (`sniffin` sticks`). The drug was applied in a double-blind fashion: after an initial therapy of 7 days of oral prednisolone for all participants with a sinonasal olfactory disease, participants were divided into a placebo- and a verum-group; tests were performed before and after treatment over a 2 months period. Statistical analysis did not reveal any major differences in olfactory function in relation to treatment. Considering that its benefit for the inflammatory component of sinusitis has been shown, the herbal drug may exhibit positive effects on olfactory function in a different setting, e.g., when applied without preceding administration of prednisolone, or when used in patients with certain degrees of rhinosinusitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany. jens.reden@uniklinikum-dresden.de Reden J J El-Hifnawi D D El-Hifnawi D J DJ Zahnert T T Hummel T T eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Plant Extracts 77321-52-9 Sinupret IM Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):457 El-Hifnawi, D J [corrected to El-Hifnawi, D] Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders drug therapy Phytotherapy Plant Extracts pharmacology therapeutic use Sinusitis drug therapy Smell drug effects 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858267 21858266 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Factors affecting the impact of olfactory loss on the quality of life and emotional coping ability. 337-41 Olfactory impaired patients have decreased quality of life and may need to develop a coping ability for the olfactory loss. This study investigated how factors like olfactory function, disease duration, etiology, age, and gender affect patients` quality of life and emotional ability to cope. Four hundred and thirteen consecutive patients with the chief complaint of olfactory dysfunction were evaluated. The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) included negative statements (QOD-NS) that indicated the impact on the quality of life, and positive statements (QOD-PS) reflecting the emotional coping ability. Relations between studied factors and QOD-NS or QOD-PS were analyzed. Poorer olfaction and younger age correlated with increased QOD-NS scores, whereas longer disease duration and older age correlated with increased QOD-PS scores. Females had poorer coping than males. QOD-PS scores were inversely related to QOD-NS scores. The impact of olfactory loss is more significantly felt by younger patients with poorer olfaction. Older patients or those with longer disease duration develop better emotional coping abilities so as to reduce the impact on quality of life. It may be helpful for the patients with olfactory loss to develop emotional coping as early as possible to decrease the olfactory impact. Department of Otolaryngology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. chshu@vghtpe.gov.tw Shu C H CH Lee P O PO Lan M Y MY Lee Y L YL eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adaptation, Psychological Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders psychology Quality of Life Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858266 21858265 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Correlation analyses of detection thresholds of four different odorants. 331-6 The detection threshold task of the Sniffin` Sticks can be conducted using two different odorants - n-butanol or phenylethyl alcohol (PEA). Previous studies show contradictory results regarding the correlation analysis of the two odorants. The current study investigated the relationship between PEA and n-butanol with respect to previous findings and subject population. We compared four different odorants (PEA, n-butanol, isoamyl butyrate, isobutanol) in an olfactory detection threshold task depending on subject population. Test odorants were applied to 73 healthy subjects. The experiment was divided into two sessions performed on two different days. The correlation coefficient between individual thresholds of PEA and n-butanol was not significant when exclusively normosmic subjects were included, but significant when additionally hyposmic, older subjects were studied. Comparable results were found for the analysis of the odorants n-butanol and isoamyl butyrate. Correlation between n-butanol and isobutanol was significant, both for exclusively normosmic, and additionally older, hyposmic subjects. The analyses of all other odorants revealed no significant correlations. Results give explanations for previous contradictory findings regarding investigations of PEA and n-butanol in a detection threshold task, and indicate that a formal validation of the Sniffin` Sticks with PEA as odorant is required. Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. Rebekka.Zernecke@med.uni-muenchen.de Zernecke R R Frank T T Haegler K K Albrecht J J Bruckmann H H Wiesmann M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Butanols 60-12-8 Phenylethyl Alcohol 71-36-3 1-Butanol 78-83-1 isobutyl alcohol IM 1-Butanol Adult Butanols Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Phenylethyl Alcohol Questionnaires Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858265 21858264 2011 08 22 2011 10 25 2011 12 12

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in older adults: a national probability study. 324-30 Olfactory and gustatory functions have not been well characterized in older adults in the US. Consequently, their relationships to sociodemographic characteristics, as well as physical and mental health, were studied in a large national probability sample using brief validated tests of chemosensory function. A five-odour identification test and taste-impregnated strips of filter paper (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) assessed the ability to identify chemosensory stimuli. Severe gustatory dysfunction was more prevalent than severe olfactory dysfunction. Age, education and sex were independently associated with performance on both the olfactory and gustatory identification tasks. Higher scores were associated with female sex, higher level of education, and lower age. Odour identification scores exhibited a positive, albeit weak, correlation with BMI, and food-related odours were better identified than non-food odours. In addition, odour identification performance was also negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These data demonstrate a high prevalence of severe gustatory and, to a somewhat lesser extent, olfactory dysfunction in a population-based sample and demonstrate that even brief tests are capable of detecting correlations between both chemical senses and relevant health measures outside a clinical setting. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. sanne.boesveldt@wsur.nl Boesveldt S S Lindau S T ST McClintock M K MK Hummel T T Lundstrom J N JN Lindstrom J N JN eng 5R01AG021487 AG NIA NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):457 Lindstrom, J N [corrected to Lundstrom, J N] Aged Aged, 80 and over Body Mass Index Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Depression epidemiology Female Health Status Humans Male Mental Health Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders epidemiology Prevalence Regression Analysis Taste Disorders epidemiology 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858264 21858263 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis - a new staging system. 318-23 The existing Kupferberg post-operative endoscopic staging system for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) has 4 stages (0-3) based on the `global` appearance of one side of the nose. Patients may however show visual improvement and yet remain at the same stage due to persistence in one sinus cavity, thus making the staging system ineffective. The aim of this study was to validate a new system that allows greater sensitivity in characterising the inflammation seen endoscopically. A series of endoscopy videos of 50 patients with AFRS were retrospectively staged using a new ten-grade system, scoring each sinus cavity (maxillary, ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid) from 0-9 for increasing mucosal oedema and 1 point for the presence of fungal mucin giving a maximum score of 40 for each side of the nose. To assess reliability, 4 independent rhinologists were also asked to score the videos using the new system. A greater variety in the spectrum of mucosal disease was demonstrated with the new system allowing for a more descriptive analysis of its severity and its response, or lack of, to treatment. The inter-class correlation between the 6 total observers was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.92). Use of the new staging system provides a more sensitive tool for following patients` progress post-operatively in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and in determining their response to treatment. St Paul`s Sinus Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. C.Philpott@uea.ac.uk Philpott C M CM Javer A R AR Clark A A eng Journal Article Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Edema classification pathology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis classification pathology surgery Sinusitis classification pathology surgery 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858263 21858262 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Spontaneous silent sinus syndrome (imploding antrum syndrome): case series of 16 patients. 315-7 Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a rare idiopathic collapse of the maxillary sinus and orbital floor. We present the second largest series of sixteen patients with SSS and describe their management. A cohort of 16 patients with spontaneous SSS between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed at the Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital. All patients were initially referred from a postgraduate ophthalmic hospital, Moorfields Hospital. Fourteen patients required endoscopic sinus surgery to re-establish maxillary sinus drainage and the remaining two settled with intranasal medical therapy consisting of steroids and decongestions. Follow- up ranged from 6 months to 4 years with a mean of 2.6 years. An improvement in enophthalmos and was seen in all surgically treated patients with a mean improvement of 2.2mm and range 0.5-4mm. SSS arises from congestion of the ostiomeatal complex resulting in negative pressure within the maxillary sinus and a gradual implosion of the antral cavity. Endoscopic sinus surgery successfully re-establishes maxillary aeration in our series and leads to clinical and aesthetic improvement in the degree of enophthalmos and has avoided the need for orbital floor repair in all but two cases. Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK. Humerababar1@aol.com Babar-Craig H H Kayhanian H H De Silva D J DJ Rose G E GE Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Endoscopy Enophthalmos etiology Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Middle Aged Orbital Diseases pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases radiography surgery Syndrome Tomography, X-Ray Computed Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858262 21858261 2011 08 22 2011 10 25 2011 12 12

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Characteristics and risk factors of mucosal cysts in the paranasal sinuses. 309-14 Though mucosal cysts in the paranasal sinuses (PSMCs) are common findings on radiographic images, the nature of PSMCs and risk factors for the development of PSMCs have not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of PSMCs using brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: A total of 6831 subjects who underwent health checkup including brain MR imaging were included in this study. The characteristics of PSMCs, including their location, number and size, as well as the presence of obstruction of the sinus ostium and sinusitis, were analysed using brain MR images. Structured questionnaires and medical records were reviewed to evaluate the smoking status and comorbid medical conditions. The overall prevalence of PSMCs was 7.4% and was significantly higher in females than in males. PSMCs were most commonly found in the maxillary sinus, most of which were located unilaterally as a solitary cyst. Large cysts were associated with obstruction of the sinus ostium and subsequent sinusitis. Smoking was a single important risk factor for developing PSMCs. No significant associations were found between symptoms (nasal/respiratory) and the presence of PSMCs. The prevalence of PSMCs was 7.4% and decreased with age. Large cysts may lead to obstruction of the sinus and subsequent sinusitis. Smoking was an important risk factor for PSMCs, and the total amount of smoking correlated with cyst size. Most subjects were asymptomatic, and specific treatment was not performed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Moon I J IJ Lee J E JE Kim S T ST Han D H DH Rhee C S CS Lee C H CH Min Y G YG eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):457 Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Cysts epidemiology pathology Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases epidemiology pathology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Smoking epidemiology Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858261 21858260 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Reference values for peak nasal inspiratory flow in children and adolescents in Brazil. 304-8 Allergic rhinitis is a global public health issue. Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) can help in the assessment of patients with allergic rhinitis. However, reference values in the literature for PNIF in school children and adolescents are limited. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was to identify reference values of PNIF among children and adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify reference values of PNIF among healthy school children and adolescents aged from eight to fifteen years old, selected from 14 randomly selected public schools. Participants performed measurements of PNIF using the In-check-inspiratory flow meter (Clement Clarke, Harlow, England). PNIF values were correlated to gender, age, height, weight and body mass index. A total of 526 subjects participated in the study. The final linear regression model for PNIF allowed obtaining the following equation for subjects aged from eight to 15 years old: PNIF (l/m) = height (centimeters) x 0.7 + 11.2, for boys and PNIF (l/m) = height (centimeters) x 0.7, for girls. the equations of the final regression model resulted in a simple formula to obtain reference values of PNIF for subjects aged from 8 to 15 years old. Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. da Cunha Ibiapina C C Ribeiro de Andrade C C Moreira Camargos P A PA Goncalves Alvim C C Augusto Cruz A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Brazil Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Inspiratory Capacity physiology Linear Models Male Nose physiology Reference Values Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial physiopathology 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858260 21858259 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology The value of bilateral simultaneous nasal spirometry in the assessment of patients undergoing septoplasty. 297-303 There is no consensus regarding the best approach to select patients for septoplasty. Patient dissatisfaction after septoplasty implies that clinical examination alone is inadequate to detect a clinically relevant nasal septal deviation (NSD). Objective testing provides an in-depth analysis of nasal obstruction and its underlying anatomic causes but it is effort consuming, requires training and it is not widely available. We studied the role of bilateral simultaneous nasal spirometry (BSNS) in the preoperative selection of patients for septoplasty. Thirty patients with nasal obstruction and NSD were assessed by subjective measures and BSNS before and after septoplasty. The decongested nasal partitioning ratio (NPR) was used as a measure of the degree of NSD. Thirty healthy controls were recruited for providing a normal range of NPR values. All patients were subjectively improved after septoplasty but only those with NPR out of the normal limits had a significant reduction of NPR. Patients with unilateral symptoms and NPR beyond normal limits were also able to identify the more obstructed side preoperatively. For this group of patients, physicians were able to identify the convex side of NSD preoperatively. No correlation between subjective measures of nasal obstruction or airflow asymmetry and NPR was observed. BSNS is a rapid, easily interpretable, noninvasive technique, which identifies patients with large NSDs who, irrespective of concomitant mucosal factors of nasal obstruction, warrant septoplasty. BSNS is not applicable in cases with a septal perforation or an S type septal deviation, it cannot detect an insufficient nasal valve and it does not substitute rhinomanometry or acoustic rhinometry. 1st Academic Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. drfirbas@hotmail.com Fyrmpas G G Kyrmizakis D D Vital V V Constantinidis J J eng Journal Article Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum surgery Patient Selection Spirometry methods Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858259 21858258 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Visual analogue scale assessment of nasal obstruction might define patients candidates to spirometry. 292-6 Asthma may be frequently associated with allergic rhinitis. Bronchial obstruction is a characteristic of asthma and spirometry is a cardinal step in asthma diagnosis. However, spirometry is rarely suitable in medical office. Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) is frequently used in common practice. This study aimed at evaluating the suitability of the use of VAS assessment of nasal obstruction to define patients with allergic rhinitis candidates for spirometry. 1728 patients with allergic rhinitis were consecutively evaluated. Clinical examination, skin prick test, VAS assessment, and spirometry were performed in all patients. 7.9% of patients had impaired FEV1 values and 24.5% had impaired FEF25-75 values. A VAS value < 3.3 might identify with good reliability patients with impaired FEF25-75 values, such as having initial bronchial airflow limitation. This study, performed in a large cohort of subjects, highlights the close link between upper and lower airways and shows the possible suitability of the use of nasal obstruction VAS assessment to define patients with allergic rhinitis candidates for spirometry. Department of Internal Medicine, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy. gio.cip@libero.it Ciprandi G G Tosca M A MA Signori A A Cirillo I I eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Female Forced Expiratory Volume Humans Logistic Models Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology Pain Measurement Patient Selection ROC Curve Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications diagnosis physiopathology Spirometry Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858258 21858257 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Nasally inhaled pulsating aerosols: lung, sinus and nose deposition. 286-91 Topical delivery of drugs to the sinuses is challenging and requires also particular administration manoeuvres from the patient. This study was conducted to investigate 1) the delivery efficiency of a pulsating aerosol (Vibrent prototype device) to the sinuses and the nose, 2) the aerosol fraction that will deposit in the lungs and 3) potential differences regarding sinus and nasal deposition ratio when comparing aerosol administration during two different administration routes. An open label deposition study in healthy volunteers was conducted using 99mTc-DTPA radiolabeled pulsating aerosols in comparison to nasal pump sprays. Deposition and retention of pulsating aerosols was assessed by gamma camera imaging during spontaneous nasal breathing and during closed soft palate administration. Aerosol administration during nasal breathing vs. application with closed soft plate results in significant lung, nasal and sinus deposition. No significant differences were observed for nasal clearance. In comparison, drug delivery using nasal pump sprays resulted in non-significant sinus, 100 % nasal and non-significant lung deposition. The clearance kinetics after nasal pump spray delivery was significantly accelerated. The standard application mode of pulsation aerosols with closed soft palate results in negligible lung deposition and therefore limits drug delivery to the nasal cavity only, minimizing unwanted side effects. Administration during spontaneous nasal breathing shows only 10% lung deposition, which is tolerable during drug administration. Relevant paranasal sinus deposition is noted during both application modes and clearance kinetics remains essentially unchanged. In contrast, nasal pump sprays do not show sinus drug delivery and nasal drug residence time is shortened. Pulsating aerosols offer advantageous topical nasal and sinus drug delivery options. Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. moeller@helmholtz-muenchen.de Moller W W Saba G K GK Haussinger K K Becker S S Keller M M Schuschnig U U eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aerosols administration & dosage pharmacokinetics Drug Delivery Systems Female Humans Lung metabolism Middle Aged Nose metabolism Paranasal Sinuses metabolism Pulsatile Flow Young Adult 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858257 21858256 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Study of microbial spread when using multiple-use nasal anaesthetic spray. 281-5 Current economic constraints have led to the emergence of reusable anaesthetic sprays with replacement nozzles (Xylocaine) as an alternative to disposable anaesthetic solutions (Co-phenylcaine) for rhinological procedures. The former costs 213.84 per year vers12,047.69 for the latter, at equivocal doses. However, research regarding the sterility of such instruments is limited. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether bottles of Xylocaine could pose a risk of cross-infection to patients. Two techniques were used. The first was to introduce nozzles into methylene blue and fluorescein dyes, and then analysing the anaesthetic solutions using spectrophotometry for assessment of colour change indicating retrograde contamination. The second method involved spraying Xylocaine into cultures of Staphylococcus aureus with concurrent nozzle changes. This was repeated over a 36-day-period. Sterility checks were performed on the Xylocaine before and after inoculation into the culture. None of the anaesthetic solutions showed the presence of dyed saline following spectrophotometric analysis. No S. aureus was isolated from any of the 30 spray bottles cultures over the 36-day trial period. It was demonstrated that using the Xylocaine spray with disposable nozzles for each patient should not pose a cross infection risk to patients. Department of Otolaryngology, Tameside Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK. mamunrashid@doctors.net.uk Rashid M M Karagama Y G YG eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 0 Drug Combinations 0 phenylephrine, lidocaine drug combination 137-58-6 Lidocaine 59-42-7 Phenylephrine IM Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage economics Bacterial Load Cross Infection economics epidemiology prevention & control Disposable Equipment economics Drug Combinations Drug Contamination Equipment Reuse economics Great Britain Humans Lidocaine administration & dosage economics Phenylephrine administration & dosage economics Risk Factors Spectrophotometry Staphylococcus aureus 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858256 21858255 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Therapeutic Index (TIX) for intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. 272-80 Intranasal corticosteroids (INS) are the first line treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). To guide clinical decision-making, we created a therapeutic index (TIX) for INS reflecting efficacy and safety. A Medline search (1966 to June 2009) was carried out to identify all placebo-controlled randomized trials, and observational reports for safety issues, with Dexamethasone, Budesonide (BUD), Fluticasone propionate (FP), Fluticasone furoate (FF), Flunisolide, Mometasone furoate (MF), Triamcinolone (TRIAM), and Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as treatment for AR. Data on three efficacy (nasal symptoms, ocular symptoms, global assessment) and three safety outcomes (epistaxis, growth, systemic ocular effects) were extracted. Meta analyses were performed for each INS and outcome and results were categorised into scores by quartiles. Scores of the three efficacy and safety outcomes were summed up to create summation scores for efficacy (ES) and side effects (AES), respectively with a maximum of 9 points. The TIX was then defined as the ratio of ES and AES. Data of 84 studies were extracted. Based on availability of data, a TIX was calculated for 6 substances. BUD showed the highest efficacy score followed by MF and TRIAM. The lowest scores for side effects were achieved by MF and TRIAM followed by FP. These findings resulted in TIX scores of 7 and 5 for MF and TRIAM, respectively, indicating a high efficacy and low potential of adverse events. Medium scores were reached by BUD and FP and lower scores by BDP and FF. Although safety and efficacy is proven for all available INS by multiple studies, the systematic aggregation and analysis of data allows for a differentiated summary on clinically important features. Practice for Dermatology and Allergy, Immenstadt, Germany. info@hautarzt-immenstadt.de Schafer T T Schnoor M M Wagenmann M M Klimek L L Bachert C C eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Pregnadienediols 0 fluticasone furoate 124-94-7 Triamcinolone 3385-03-3 flunisolide 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 51333-22-3 Budesonide 67-73-2 Fluocinolone Acetonide 83919-23-7 mometasone furoate 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Androstadienes administration & dosage Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Beclomethasone administration & dosage Budesonide administration & dosage Fluocinolone Acetonide administration & dosage analogs & derivatives Glucocorticoids administration & dosage Humans Pregnadienediols administration & dosage Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Treatment Outcome Triamcinolone administration & dosage 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858255 21858254 2011 08 22 2011 10 25

0300-0729 49 3 2011 Aug Rhinology Rhinology The nose, snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. 259-63 Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea are both due to multilevel anatomical obstruction, and the nose and nasal pathology both contribute in many cases. This paper addresses some of the issues surrounding the problem and briefly discusses the role of medication and nasal dilators and in more detail the implication of nasal surgery in various aspects of sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD). Nasal obstruction leads to mouth breathing, which destabilises the upper airway and aggravates SRBD. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK. bhikkot@aol.com Kotecha B B eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Humans Nose surgery Quality of Life Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications surgery Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology therapy Sleep Disorders etiology Snoring physiopathology 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 8 23 6 0 2011 10 26 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21858254 21038021 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Impact of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy on quality of life: a prospective randomized controlled trial. 305-11 To conduct the first prospective randomized controlled trial, evaluating and comparing the effect of medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on quality of life. Ninety patients with CRS, who remained symptomatic after initial medical treatment with Dexarhinaspray duo and nasal douche, were randomized either to medical or surgical therapy. All patients underwent pre- and post-treatment assessments of the Sinonasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20), and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Each patient had three assessments: before starting the randomized treatment, after six months and finally after one year. Both the medical and surgical treatment of CRS significantly improved almost all the parameters of SNOT and SF-36 (p<0.05), with no significant difference being found between the medical and surgical groups (p>0.05). Both maximal medical and surgical therapy of CRS improves the quality of life of CRS patients, providing further evidence that chronic rhinosinusitis should be targeted with maximal medical therapy in the first instance, with surgical treatment being reserved for cases refractory to medical therapy. The presence of nasal polyps does not imply any negative effect on the quality of life after CRS therapy, either medical or surgical. Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt. Ragab Sameh M SM Lund Valerie J VJ Scadding Glenis G Saleh Hehsam A HA Khalifa Mohamed A MA eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial 2010 09 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Female Health Status Indicators Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Quality of Life Rhinitis drug therapy surgery Sinusitis drug therapy surgery Treatment Outcome 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 epublish 08.137 10.4193/Rhin08.137 21038021 21038019 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Preliminary efficacy of fluticasone delivered by a novel device in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. 292-9 To assess whether delivery of fluticasone propionate using a novel bi-directional delivery device (Opt-FP) offers therapeutic benefits in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A prospective, single centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, parallel group study was conducted in adult subjects (n=20) with CRS without nasal polyps or only cobblestoned mucosa. Subjects received Opt-FP 400 µg or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks (n=10/group). Outcome measures included symptom scores, RSOM-31, CRS VAS, nasendoscopy, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Endoscopy score for oedema showed a highly significant and progressive improvement (12 weeks (median scores): Opt-FP -4.0, PBO -1.0, p=0.015). PNIF increased significantly during Opt-FP treatment compared to placebo (4 weeks: p=0.006; 8 weeks: p=0.03). After 12 weeks MRI scores in the Opt-FP group improved against baseline (p=0.039) and a non-significant trend was seen versus placebo. The nasal RSOM-31 subscale was significantly improved with Opt-FP treatment (4 weeks: p<0.009, 8 weeks: p<0.016, 12 weeks: NS). Sense of smell, nasal discomfort and combined score were all significantly improved (p<0.05). The Opt-FP was well tolerated. The OptiNose breath-actuated bi-directional delivery device administering fluticasone propionate (400 µg b.i.d.) is an effective and well tolerated treatment for recalcitrant CRS. Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Hansen F S FS Djupesland P G PG Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial 2010 09 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Androstadienes administration & dosage Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Chronic Disease Double-Blind Method Drug Delivery Systems instrumentation Equipment Design Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Rhinitis drug therapy Sinusitis drug therapy 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 epublish 09.178 10.4193/Rhin09.178 21038019 21038018 2010 11 01 2010 12 07 2012 02 28

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Numeric score and visual analog scale in assessing seasonal allergic rhinitis severity. 285-91 Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by symptoms whose severity can be difficult to quantify due to the patient’s subjective perception. The aim of this study was to compare two methods for assessing the severity of allergic rhinitis, a numerical score (SGS) and a visual analog scale (VAS), respectively. A large study was carried out on more than 36,000 patients with a diagnosis of a non-complicated and non-treated seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) between May and August 2004 over all the metropolitan France. For each patient, a physician had to assess the severity of the AR calculating a score corresponding to the intensity of the symptoms as felt by the patient but also using an analog scale. SAR severity differed according to the used method: 18.94% of the patients were classed severe according to the SGS and 23.58% according to the VAS. Moreover, among the 35,126 people for which the two measures were available, 23.86% were classed severe according to one but not according to the other. These patients differ from those classed in the same manner by SGS and VAS in age, gender, type of doctor and geographical area. SGS and VAS correlated each other. Principal prescribed drugs for SAR were antihistamines and local steroids. Severity assessment varied according to the used method. EPAR UMR-S 707, INSERM, Paris, France. rouve@u707.jussieu.fr Rouve S S Didier A A Demoly P P Jankowsky R R Klossek J-M JM Annesi-Maesano I I Anessi-Maesano I I eng Comparative Study Journal Article 2010 09 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2011 Dec;49(5):561 Anessi-Maesano, I [corrected to Annesi-Maesano, I] Adolescent Adult Aged Child Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pain Measurement Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Severity of Illness Index Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 epublish 09.208 10.4193/Rhin09.208 21038018 21038017 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Just noticeable difference in olfaction is related to trigeminal component of odorants. 281-4 Many studies have dealt with the interrelationships between both olfactory and trigeminal systems but a poorly explored question concerns the role of each system in the detection processes, especially in the just noticeable difference (JND). The aim of this study was to investigate variations in JNDs for three odorants in relation to their trigeminal component, i.e. low, middle, high. The results indicated that the higher the trigeminal component, the lower the JND, suggesting a better capacity to perceive intensity changes for pungent odorants than for relatively pure odorants. Laboratoire de Neurosciences, Université de Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc 25000 Besançon, France. Jacquot L L Hidalgo J J Brand G G eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial 2010 09 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Butanols 0 Pyridines 110-86-1 pyridine 60-12-8 Phenylethyl Alcohol IM Adult Butanols Differential Threshold Female Humans Male Odors Phenylethyl Alcohol Pyridines Sex Characteristics Smell Trigeminal Nerve physiology Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 epublish 09.200 10.4193/Rhin09.200 21038017 21038014 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology From ancient Greek medicine to EP³OS. 265-72 The manuscripts of eminent Byzantine physicians from the 4th to the 14th century contain extensive information on various otorhinolaryngological issues. In their work, the early knowledge of rhinological disease from definition and symptoms to conservative treatment and surgical intervention is intriguing. Most of this meticulous knowledge was developed through time, beginning mainly from Hippocrates and the Hellenistic period. Thereafter, medicine developed through Roman and Byzantium times to finally influence European medicine and later the rest of the Western world. History of medicine reflects the history of mankind itself, and otorhinolaryngology follows closely this path. Our goal is to slim down and illuminate the most challenging of the vast amount of information on rhinological issues contained in the original Greek text of Hippocrates, and mainly in the hagiographical texts of Byzantine medical writers. In particular, we focus on rhinological diseases from antiquity till the time being, following the journey of evolution of topical and nebulizer therapy for sinonasal inflammatory diseases in Greece, from "milothris" to modern nasal sprays, leading to an understanding of the philosophy of our predecessors and the roots of modern rhinology. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. emmanuel@prokopakis.gr Prokopakis E P EP Hellings P W PW Velegrakis G A GA Kawauchi H H eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article 2010 09 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Byzantium Greece History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, Ancient Humans Nose Diseases history Otolaryngology history Hippocrates Aetius of Amida Oribasius 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 epublish 09.211 10.4193/Rhin09.211 21038014 21049650 2010 11 04 2010 12 07 2011 06 16

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The use of race and demographic variables in clinical research in Singapore. 379-80; author reply 380 Al shaikh Nada A NA Ali Alshaikh Nada N Kanagalingam Jeevendra J eng Comment Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(1):3-6 20502727 Rhinology. 2010 Dec;48(4):456 Ali Alshaikh, Nada [corrected to Al shaikh, N A] Biomedical Research Continental Population Groups Demography Humans Otolaryngology Singapore 2010 11 6 6 0 2010 11 6 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 21049650 21049649 2010 11 04 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyposis, sense of smell, and surgery. 377-8 Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic i Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. 32874iao@comb.es Alobid Isam I eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Humans Nasal Polyps physiopathology surgery Sensory Thresholds Smell Treatment Outcome 2010 11 6 6 0 2010 11 6 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 21049649 21038033 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Chemotherapy in severe nasal polyposis--a possible beneficial effect? A report of three cases. 374-6 Nasal polyposis is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. Treatment has changed from surgery to an anti-inflammatory approach, but neither of these treatments addresses the underlying cause. Topical steroids and occasional use of systemic steroids in patients with nasal polyposis can frequently control the polypoid disease. In a few cases, when the disease is more aggressive, the repeated application of systemic steroids together with sinus surgery is required. We present our experience with one case of rheumatoid arthritis and two cases with malignant diseases, all of which were treated with chemotherapy and were also accompanied by severe nasal polyposis. All of our patients had eosinophilic polypoid disease. Various chemotherapeutic treatment schemes were utilized. During chemotherapy all three patients were markedly improved symptomatically including olfaction along with a significant reduction in their nasal polyposis. Duration of remission lasted for a few months in two cases and for three years, in a third case. This is the first report describing the successful treatment of severe nasal polyposis with chemotherapy. Based on this experience, we suggest a phase II trial with chemotherapy, preferably "low dose" methotrexate, in patients with severe nasal polyposis. Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. Asplund Monika Stenkvist MS Hagberg Hans H Holmström Mats M eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic 0 Antirheumatic Agents 59-05-2 Methotrexate IM Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic administration & dosage Antirheumatic Agents administration & dosage Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy epidemiology Comorbidity Female Humans Male Methotrexate administration & dosage Middle Aged Multiple Myeloma drug therapy epidemiology Nasal Polyps drug therapy epidemiology surgery Remission Induction methods 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 08.223 10.4193/Rhin08.223 21038033 21038032 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of two different odorants in an olfactory detection threshold test of the Sniffin’ Sticks. 368-73 The olfactory test battery Sniffin’ Sticks is a test of nasal chemosensory function that is based on pen-like devices for odour presentation. It consists of three olfactory subtests: threshold, discrimination, and identification. The detection threshold can be measured using two different odorants--n-butanol or PEA (phenylethyl alcohol). Both tasks are commonly applied in published studies, but little is known about the formal comparison of values obtained using them. Unlike the Sniffin’ Sticks with n-butanol as odorant, there is poor validation for the threshold subtest with the odorant PEA. The purpose of this study was to compare these two different odorants. Both odorants were applied to 100 normosmic, healthy subjects (50 females). The experiment was divided into two sessions performed on two different days. After each threshold test the discrimination and identification subtests were conducted. We obtained significant differences in detection thresholds of PEA and n-butanol. The mean score of PEA threshold and PEA TDI (sum of threshold, discrimination, identification) was significantly higher compared to n-butanol. No significant correlation between individual PEA and n-butanol thresholds was observed. The differences between both odorants indicate that a formal validation of the Sniffin’ Sticks with PEA as odorant for probing olfactory thresholds may be required. Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. Rebekka.Zernecke@med.uni-muenchen.de Zernecke R R Vollmer B B Albrecht J J Kleemann A M AM Haegler K K Linn J J Fesl G G Bruckmann H H Wiesmann M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 71-36-3 1-Butanol IM 1-Butanol diagnostic use Adolescent Adult Discrimination (Psychology) Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Reproducibility of Results Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.212 10.4193/Rhin09.212 21038032 21038031 2010 11 01 2010 12 07 2011 06 16

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The Agger Nasi cell and uncinate process, the keys to proper access to the nasolacrimal drainage system. 364-7 Profound knowledge of the surgical anatomy is required to perform any dacryo-cysto-rhinostomy (DCR) procedure. In endoscopic endonasal DCR surgery, the uncinate process (UP) and/or agger nasi (AN) cell are frequently found to obstruct access to the lacrimal fossa. The aim of this study was to analyse the radiological anatomy of the UP and the AN cell in relation to the lacrimal sac. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of patients undergoing DCR and other endoscopic sinus surgeries were analysed regarding their anatomical variations concerning the UP and the AN cell at the level of the common canaliculus. The covering of the lacrimal fossa by the UP was graded and a surgically relevant AN cell was sought after. CT datasets of 60 sides were included. Analysis showed an AN cell overlying the upper parts of the lacrimal sac in 55% of patients. An anteriorly attaching UP covering at least 50% of the lacrimal fossa was found in 63% of individuals. In this study more than 80% of all patients presented with either a very anteriorly attached UP or an AN cell that would have to be removed to perform effective endoscopic DCR. The AN cell and the UP need to be included in the endonasal surgical concept. Department Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Swtizerland. michael@soyka.ch Soyka M B MB Treumann T T Schlegel C Th CT eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2010 Dec;48(4):456 Dacryocystorhinostomy Humans Lacrimal Apparatus anatomy & histology cytology radiography Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.136 10.4193/Rhin09.136 21038031 21038030 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic management of inverted papillomas: long-term results--the St. Paul's Sinus Centre experience. 358-63 To demonstrate that computer-assisted endoscopic management of inverted papillomas yields excellent long-term results in terms of preventing recurrence and minimizing significant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective chart review of patients who are being followed up for tumour recurrence or have undergone tumour removal between 2000 and 2008. All cases were undertaken using the GE Instatrak 3500+ navigation system. Inverted papillomas are the most common tumour managed endoscopically (57% of all sinonasal tumours) with 76 patients seen over the last 8 years. Approximately 50% of these cases had undergone previous surgery in another centre where the tumour was either not recognized or the resection was incomplete. Twentynine percent of these patients had a recurrence but only three required a revision procedure using an open approach; otherwise recurrences were successfully managed endoscopically. Endoscopic recurrence during the first half was 32% (versus 14% for open procedures), dropping to a recurrence rate of 11% in the latter period. Endoscopic management of inverted papillomas allows good control of the disease and avoids unnecessary morbidity associated with open procedures. Although there is a higher initial recurrence rate, these recurrences can be successfully managed endoscopically, and computer navigation can be a useful adjunct in achieving this. St Paul's Sinus Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada. carl.philpott@btinternet.com Philpott Carl M CM Dharamsi Alia A Witheford Miranda M Javer Armin R AR eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Endoscopy methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged Papilloma, Inverted surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Retrospective Studies Surgery, Computer-Assisted Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.105 10.4193/Rhin09.105 21038030 21038029 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Expression of cathepsin S and its inhibitor stefin A in sinonasal inverted papilloma. 352-7 Dysregulation of cysteinyl cathepsins and their inhibitors, cystatins (stefins), were implied in progression of tumorgenesis; nevertheless, their role in sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is still unrecognized. The differential expression of cathepsins and stefins in IP and normal tissues were revealed by data of human Affymetrix U133A gene chips, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Among the cathepsins and stefins family, expression of cathepsin S and stefin A were most differentially expressed (down- and up-regulated, respectively) in IP tissue as compared with normal tissues. Their expression levels were validated by real-time PCR, which showed the expression level of cathepsin S was significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression of stefin A was significantly up-regulated in IP tissue compared to normal sinus mucosa. Using immunohistochemistry, expression of cathepsin S was observed in stromal and epithelial area macrophages of normal sinus mucosa, but no obvious expression of cathepsin S was found in IP tissue. In contrast, over-expression of stefin A was present in nearly all layers of the proliferative squamous cells of IP, but expression of stefin A was only detected in a scattered area of normal sinus mucosa. Down-regulation of cathepsin S and up-regulation of its endogenous inhibitor, stefin A, were found in IP tissues as compared with their expression level in normal sinus mucosa tissues. The biological significance of inverse expression of both stefin A and cathepsin S in sinonasal IP need further investigation in the future. Department of Otolaryngoloy-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Huang C-C CC Lee T-J TJ Chang P-H PH Lee Y-S YS Chuang C-C CC Jhang Y-J YJ Chen Y-W YW Chen C-W CW Fu C-H CH Tsai C-N CN eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cystatin A 0 Protease Inhibitors 80209-89-8 CSTA protein, human EC 3.4.- Cathepsins EC 3.4.22.27 cathepsin S IM Adolescent Adult Aged Cathepsins metabolism Cystatin A metabolism Down-Regulation physiology Female Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic physiology Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism Neoplasm Recurrence, Local metabolism Papilloma, Inverted metabolism Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms metabolism Protease Inhibitors metabolism Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.114 10.4193/Rhin09.114 21038029 21038028 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Investigation of the influence of ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and water vapour pressure on epistaxis admission rate. 348-51 To investigate the relationship between weather variables (atmospheric pressure, temperature, water vapour pressure) and epistaxis admission rates at Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom. Retrospective observational study using hospital inpatient information databases to identify all patients admitted with epistaxis from April 1999 to March 2009 inclusive. Meteorological data for the same period was retrieved from the University of Plymouth Meteorological Archive. Epistaxis admissions were investigated for correlation with weather variables using Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. During the study period there were 1071 admissions (978 patients) (501 males (mean age 64 years) and 477 females (mean age 72 years)). Less than 10% of the variance in epistaxis admissions is explained by the maximum temperature only. Temperature and water vapour pressure demonstrated statistically significant association with epistaxis admission rates. Though there is statistical significance in the association of some weather variables and epistaxis admission rates, the findings are not practically relevant (<10% variance). The results of this study do not indicate a need for revision of current healthcare resource allocation. ENT Department, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom. vmreddy@doctors.net.uk Reddy V M VM Judd O O Khalil H H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Atmospheric Pressure Emergency Medical Services statistics & numerical data England Epistaxis therapy Female Hospitalization statistics & numerical data Humans Humidity Male Meteorological Concepts Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Temperature Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 10.020 10.4193/Rhin10.020 21038028 21038027 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology British Rhinological Society audit of the role of antibiotics in complications of acute rhinosinusitis: a national prospective audit. 344-7 Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is one of the most common presenting conditions to Primary Care physicians. Over-prescription of antibiotics has led to wide debate and divided expert opinion regarding the resulting increasing bacterial resistance or the merits of prevention of more serious complications of ARS. A national prospective audit was undertaken in the UK to evaluate use of antibiotics for ARS in Primary Care. British Rhinological Society members were asked to contribute patients admitted with complications of ARS, between Feb 2008–Feb 2009 to a national prospective audit via an on-line survey. Seventy-eight patients were admitted with complications of ARS. The majority of patients were started on antibiotics (59%) prior to admission, with penicillin/amoxicillin being most frequently (64%) prescribed. Similar complication rates were seen in patients treated with and without prior antibiotics. Despite prior antibiotic treatment, complications of ARS seem to occur sporadically. Our study has shown that the complications which require surgical treatment are similar in both the prior antibiotic treated group and the no prior antibiotic group, suggesting limited benefit of oral antibiotics in the Primary Care setting. Early recognition with CT scanning and appropriate hospital management is essential to reduce any subsequent morbidity or mortality. Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Humerababar1@aol.com Babar-Craig H H Gupta Y Y Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Child Child, Preschool Female Great Britain Humans Infant Male Medical Audit Middle Aged Rhinitis complications Sinusitis complications Societies, Medical Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.130 10.4193/Rhin09.130 21038027 21038026 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Radiation dose reduction in computer assisted navigation for functional endoscopic sinus surgery--cadaver head experiments and clinical implementation. 339-43 Computed tomography based navigation for endoscopic sinus surgery is inflationary used despite of major public concern about iatrogenic radiation induced cancer risk. Studies on dose reduction for CAS-CT are almost nonexistent. We validate the use of radiation dose reduced CAS-CT for clinically applied surface registration. Dose reduced CAS-CT of mineral salt fixed, human cadaver heads with 9.6, 6, 4, 2 and 1.1 mGy were compared with the reference dose at 65 mGy CTDI (CT-Dose Index). For each CT dose with different surface resolution, the precision of the soft touch registration was measured with target registration error (TRE). In a practical step, dose reduced protocols were tested for 12 months. Using surface registration at highest and lowest doses, TRE did not differ significantly for registration accuracy. Protocols tested preserved technical registration accuracy and the pragmatics of dose reduction was limited only by different needs for picture quality of the individual surgeon, use for uncomplicated or revision surgery, and reserve for other unexpected factors (movement artifacts). The accuracy of today’s surface registration technology was not the limit for dose reduction. It is the amount of diminished picture quality tolerated by the individual surgeon and the question of how much of the ever refined radiological picture resolution is necessary at all. For the majority of operations, consensus for a significant 6-fold radiation dose reduction from 65 mGy to 9.6 mGy CTDI could be realized illustrating a big potential for similar approaches in other institutions. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Switzerland. patrick.dubach@insel.ch Dubach P P Eichenberger A A Caversaccio M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cadaver Cranial Sinuses radiography surgery Endoscopy Humans Neuronavigation methods Radiation Dosage Surgery, Computer-Assisted Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.175 10.4193/Rhin09.175 21038026 21038025 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on patients with asthma and CRS with nasal polyps. 331-8 To study the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and nasal polyps (NP) with concomitant asthma. The study was designed to evaluate prospectively whether FESS can influence parameters of asthma in patients with CRS with nasal polyps. One hundred thirty seven patients were recruited from the ENT-Allergy and Panedoscopy Clinic of the ENT Department. All selected patients underwent medical therapy for CRS and NP for 12 weeks, and in case of no improvement, they proceeded to surgical treatment. They also underwent pre- and post-treatment subjective and objective measurements for CRS and asthma. In the study, 86 patients were finally evaluated who completed the protocol and were followed up for a period of 12 months. The patients showed statistically significant improvement of the objective measurements for asthma, from baseline to six and twelve months follow-up. No significant increase was found in the proportion of patients with well or very well overall asthma-control during the follow-up period. There was a clear improvement in the use of bronchodilators, oral steroids and need for hospitalization for asthma. Obviously, there is a link between CRS with NP and asthma. The data analysis of our study supports the hypothesis that FESS could have beneficial effect on both diseases improving objective and subjective measurements. ENT Department, Chania General Hospital, Chania, Crete, Greece. efklidispr@hotmail.com Proimos E E Papadakis C E CE Chimona T S TS Kiagiadaki D D Ferekidis E E Yiotakis J J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Asthma epidemiology Chronic Disease Comorbidity Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps epidemiology surgery Prospective Studies Rhinitis epidemiology surgery Sinusitis epidemiology surgery 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.123 10.4193/Rhin09.123 21038025 21038024 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Quality of life is improved by endoscopic surgery and fluticasone in nasal polyposis with asthma. 325-30 The aim was to investigate the health impact of nasal polyposis with asthma and to study effects of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and addition of fluticasone propionate nasal drops (FPND), on health related quality of life (HRQoL). Prospective study of 68 patients with nasal polyposis and asthma. Effects were measured with Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 14-weeks phase measuring additive effects of FPND 400 µg twice daily (b.i.d.) was included. HRQoL was significantly decreased in both Physical Component Summary, PCS, (45 vs 48, p=0.049) and Mental Component Summary, MCS, (43 vs 51, p<0.001) vs reference population. ESS significantly improved PCS, (p=0.027) and MCS (p=0.021) after five weeks. We found significant additional benefit of FPND on three domains (RP, p=0.002; VT, p=0.007; SF, p=0.002). The increase in HRQoL with FPND reached reference population levels in all domains, as well as in both PCS (50, p=0.003) and MCS (52, p=0.002), five weeks after ESS. FPND 400 µg b.i.d. can be added to ESS in order to improve, and to reach population levels of, HRQoL already five weeks post-ESS. Physicians should evaluate HRQoL and consider ESS with nasal steroids early in their treatment of these patients. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. petter.olsson@ki.se Olsson P P Ehnhage A A Nordin S S Stjarne P P NAF2S2 Study Group eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Adult Aged Androstadienes therapeutic use Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Asthma drug therapy epidemiology Comorbidity Double-Blind Method Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps epidemiology surgery Quality of Life 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.142 10.4193/Rhin09.142 21038024 21038023 2010 11 01 2010 12 07 2011 11 17

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anti-IgE for chronic rhinosinusitis. 318-24 Evidence suggests IgE may play a role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We sought to determine if treatment with a monoclonal antibody against IgE (omalizumab) is effective in reducing CRS inflammation. We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial in subjects with CRS despite treatment (including surgery). Subjects were randomized to receive omalizumab or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was quantitative measurement of sinus inflammation on imaging. Secondary outcome measures included quality of life, symptoms, and cellular inflammation, nasal airflow (NPIF) and olfactory testing (UPSIT). Subjects on omalizumab showed reduced inflammation on imaging after treatment, whereas those on placebo showed no change. The net difference, however, was not different between treatments. Treatment with omalizumab was associated with improvement in the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20) at 3, 5, and 6 months compared to baseline with no significant changes in the control group. Remaining measures showed no significant differences across treatments. We conclude that IgE plays, at most, a small role in the mucosal inflammation of CRS and the symptoms. Placebo controlled, blinded studies with larger enrollment are needed to determine the clinical significance of any potential change. Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Pinto J M JM Mehta N N DiTineo M M Wang J J Baroody F M FM Naclerio R M RM eng ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00117611 Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Allergic Agents 0 Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic 0 Antibodies, Monoclonal 0 Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized 0 omalizumab 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adult Anti-Allergic Agents therapeutic use Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized Chronic Disease Double-Blind Method Female Health Status Indicators Humans Immunoglobulin E physiology Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Rhinitis drug therapy physiopathology Sinusitis drug therapy physiopathology Treatment Outcome 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.144 10.4193/Rhin09.144 21038023 21038022 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Sinus aspirates in chronic rhinosinusitis: fungal colonization of paranasal sinuses, evaluation of ICAM-1 and IL-8 and studying of immunological effect of long-term macrolide therapy. 312-7 In patients with chronic fungal sinusitis, concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were compared in paranasal sinus aspirates and serum. Furthermore, immunological effects of macrolide treatment of our patients with chronic fungal rhinosinusitis were also studied. In our cohort study, 108 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing sinus surgery were selected. Sinus aspirates were collected, and used for immunological assasy and cultured for fungal study. All patients were examined for the presence of characteristic allergic mucin of chronic allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and this was confirmed later by measurement of total serum IgE. Our cases were classified into 3 groups: chronic rhinosinusitis with positive fungal culture and negative allergic mucin, chronic rhinosinusitis with positive fungal culture and positive allergic mucin and chronic rhinosinusitis without fungal growth. A control group was included. We found 57.4% of the patient cultures positive for fungus and 36.4% of the control subjects. Aspergillus ssp. were the most prevalent followed by Bipolaris ssp., and Curvularia. IgE levels were increased in group II compared to group I, III and IV. ICAM-1 and IL-8 levels were increased in groups I, II and III compared to the control group. Erythromycin given in group II decreased the levels of IL-8 and ICAM-1. Aspergillus species were the most common. These results confirm the role of ICAM-1 and IL-8 in all types of rhinosinusitis. Erythromycin modulated the immune status of the patients. Otorhinolaryngology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Shawky_morsy2003@yahoo.com Elmorsy Shawky S El-Naggar Mohammed M MM Abdel aal Sanaa M SM Abou-elela Mohammad A MA eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Interleukin-8 114-07-8 Erythromycin 126547-89-5 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage Chronic Disease Erythromycin administration & dosage Female Humans Immunoglobulin E analysis Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 analysis blood Interleukin-8 analysis blood Male Paranasal Sinuses microbiology Rhinitis microbiology Sinusitis microbiology 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.140 10.4193/Rhin09.140 21038022 21038020 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Topography of the rabbit paranasal sinuses as a prerequisite to model human sinusitis. 300-4 Anatomical studies of the rabbit paranasal cavities are impelled by the increasing interest in the rabbit model to investigate human sinusitis. Although several such studies have already been performed, the topography of the rabbit dorsal conchal and maxillary sinuses is described ambiguously and the existence of the ethmoidal, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses is controversial. The paranasal cavities were investigated using corrosion casting, gross and histological cross-sectioning, and micro-CT scanning of rabbit noses followed by computerized three-dimensional reconstruction. Micro-CT scanning was most useful to illustrate the dorsal conchal sinus, the large maxillary sinus consisting of a dorsal and a ventral recess, and the sphenoidal sinus. All these sinuses are paired and symmetrical. A large connection is present between the dorsal conchal sinus and the maxillary sinus resulting in one large conchomaxillary cavity. The sphenoidal sinus lies most caudal and is surrounded by the presphenoid bone. The openings from the nasal cavity into the conchomaxillary cavity and the sphenoidal sinus are very small. The absence of frontal and ethmoidal sinuses in any of the rabbits examined is a major difference between the rabbit and human sinuses. The rabbit maxillary sinus seems most appropriate for experimental work. Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Christophe.Casteleyn@ugent.be Casteleyn Christophe C Cornillie Pieter P Hermens Astrid A Van Loo Denis D Van Hoorebeke Luc L van den Broeck Wim W Simoens Paul P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Disease Models, Animal Female Male Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Paranasal Sinuses anatomy & histology radiography Rabbits Sinusitis therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.193 10.4193/Rhin09.193 21038020 21038016 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal functional modifications after physical exercise: olfactory threshold and peak nasal inspiratory flow. 277-80 The respiratory nasal effects of physical exercise have been extensively investigated; on the other hand there are no data regarding olfactory threshold modification after aerobic physical exercise. The present prospective study investigated the modifications in nasal respiratory flows and olfactory thresholds after controlled aerobic physical exercise in a cohort of 15 adult, healthy volunteers. The Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF), and the Sniffin’ Sticks olfactory threshold test were used for our determinations. The mean PNIF after physical exercise was significantly higher than the mean PNIF value found before physical exercise. Statistical analysis ruled out any significant difference between mean olfactory thresholds pre vs post physical exercise. These outcomes confirmed PNIF sensitivity and reliability also in determining the changes in nasal patency occurring after physical exercise. The active vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa associated with the reduction of blood flow to the olfactory epithelium due to physical exercise may be compensated for by the increase of olfactory molecules that reach the olfactory mucosa because of nasal mucosal shrinkage: this mechanism could explain the stability of mean olfactory threshold after physical exercise. Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. gino.marioni@unipd.it Marioni G G Ottaviano G G Staffieri A A Zaccaria M M Lund V J VJ Tognazza E E Coles S S Pavan P P Brugin E E Ermolao A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Exercise physiology Exercise Test Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa physiology Nose physiology Prospective Studies Sensory Thresholds physiology Vasoconstriction physiology Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.141 10.4193/Rhin09.141 21038016 21038015 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Smell training increases cognitive smell skills of wine tasters compared to the general healthy population. The WINECAT Study. 273-6 Wine experts show higher accuracy than novices in selecting a wine that matches a sample. Only one study has compared wine experts with non-trained healthy controls on smell. The aim of this study was to compare the smell characteristics, both sensorial and cognitive, of wine tasters with Spanish healthy population using the Barcelona Smell Test-24. Wine tasters were tested for smell and compared with a control group of healthy volunteers, by tasting 20 odours and scoring smell detection, identification, intensity, irritability, freshness, pleasure and forced choice. Wine tasters performed significantly better on identification and forced choice than healthy controls. In addition, wine tasters perceived more odours as intense, but fewer as irritating than controls. Probably linked to smell education, wine tasters show better cognitive but not sensorial smell skills than a non-trained healthy population. Rinology Unit & Smell Clinic, Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain. Mariño-Sanchez F S FS Alobid I I Cantellas S S Alberca C C Guilemany J M JM Canals J M JM De Haro J J Mullol J J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Olfactory Perception physiology Sensory Thresholds Smell physiology Wine Young Adult 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 09.206 10.4193/Rhin09.206 21038015 21038013 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Stem cells and regenerative medicine: potentials and realities for rhinology. 259-64 It is widely believed that regenerative medicine, including stem cell-based technologies, will revolutionise healthcare in decades to come. Stem-cell treatments are already a reality and tissue engineering is moving deeper and deeper into the clinic. Various forms of stem cell and scaffold are in clinical trials and can be used alone, in combinations or supported by conventional treatments, such as drugs and free tissue transfer. It is likely that rhinology will also feel the winds of change very shortly. We review the present state-of-the art and a view of the future potential for regenerative medicine to influence care of patients with rhinologic disorders. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Place, Houston, Texas, USA. a.vats@imperial.ac.uk Vats Archana A Birchall Martin M eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cell Differentiation Chondrocytes transplantation Embryonic Stem Cells transplantation Humans Otolaryngology trends Regenerative Medicine Stem Cell Transplantation Tissue Engineering Tissue Scaffolds 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 10.007 10.4193/Rhin10.007 21038013 21038012 2010 11 01 2010 12 07

0300-0729 48 3 2010 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Recalcitrant rhinosinusitis, the diagnosis and treatment and evaluation of results. 257-8 Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Humans Rhinitis diagnosis drug therapy Sinusitis diagnosis drug therapy Treatment Outcome 2010 11 2 6 0 2010 11 3 6 0 2010 12 14 6 0 ppublish 10.300 10.4193/Rhin10.300 21038012 20502731 2010 05 26 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The role of nervus intermedius in side specific nasal responses. 23-7 Nervus intermedius (NI) dysfunction is common in patients who have had vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. Such patients have a unilateral parasympathetic-denervated nasal cavity. A number of side-specific nasal reflexes have been demonstrated in normal individuals, including hand cold-water immersion. It is not understood whether these reflexes have parasympathetic or sympathic efferent pathways. We aimed to evaluate the side specific nasal reflex to cold-water immersion in post-operative VS patients with NI dysfunction, in order to determine the nature of the efferent pathway of these reflexes. Side specific responses to cold-water immersion were tested by acoustic rhinometry in 10 normal individuals and 18 patients with NI dysfunction (proven by Schirmer s test) after VS surgery. A consistent pattern of ipsilateral congestion and contralateral decongestion after the cold-water immersion was seen in normal individuals (p smaller than 0.001). We found no consistent response in VS patients both ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of NI dysfunction. We confirm the consistent side-specific nasal reflexes to cold-water hand immersion in normal individuals. This is disturbed in patients with NI dysfunction. We have also shown unexpectantly that the contralateral side-specific reflex is disturbed in these patients. These data suggest that the reflex is parasympathetic and crosses the midline. University Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom. Nichani J R JR Malik V V Woolford T J TJ Ramsden R T RT Homer J J JJ eng Journal Article 2010 03 02

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cold Temperature Humans Immersion Neuroma, Acoustic physiopathology surgery Nose innervation Parasympathetic Nervous System physiopathology Rhinitis, Vasomotor physiopathology Rhinometry, Acoustic 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 epublish 08.212 10.4193/Rhin08.212 20502731 20502728 2010 05 26 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Gustatory rhinitis. 7-10 Gustatory rhinitis is characterized by watery, uni- or bilateral rhinorrhea occurring after ingestion of solid or liquid foods, most often hot and spicy. It usually begins within a few minutes of ingestion of the implicated food, and is not associated with pruritus, sneezing, nasal congestion or facial pain. It is considered to be a non-immunological reaction. Immunohistological and pharmacological observations suggest that this disease is most likely caused by stimulation of trigeminal sensory nerve endings located at the upper aerodigestive track. Recent evidence suggests that sensory nerve stimulations could be associated with a parasympathetic reflex and activation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors, sensitive to atropine. There are various types of gustatory rhinitis, including age-related, posttraumatic, postsurgical and associated with cranial nerve neuropathy. Avoidance of the implicated foods, is the first treatment option, but it is rarely sufficient. The intranasal topical administration of anticholinergic agents such as atropine, either prophylactically or therapeutically has been shown effective. Surgical therapy in the form of posterior nasal nerve resection or vidian nerve neurectomy is not recommended because of its short lasting result and frequent unpleasant side effects. Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, ENT Clinic, Novi Sad, Serbia. ljjovan@eunet.rs Jovancevic Ljiljana L Georgalas Christos C Savovic Slobodan S Janjevic Dusanka D eng Journal Article Review 2010 03 02

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnosis, Differential Food Humans Parasympathetic Nervous System physiopathology Rhinitis diagnosis physiopathology Spices Taste physiology Trigeminal Nerve physiopathology 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 epublish 07.153 10.4193/Rhin07.153 20502728 20502727 2010 05 26 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The use of race as a demographic variable in clinical research. 3-6 Researchers continue to categorise demograpic variables according to racial lines despite the fact that the definition of race has no scientific or anthropological validity. The aim of this article is to discuss the scientific rationale for using race as a demographic variable in clinical research and to explore other suitable alternatives such as ethnicity, genetics and the nasal index in rhinology research. There is consensus that research subjects should not be classified along racial lines. However, there is evidence that this practice remains prevalent. Ethnicity is not a good substitute for race. Whilst genomics is an objective measure of variation, it does not measure the impact of socioeconomic status, exposure to health risk factors and the availability of health- care on populations. It is important to define the population demographics in any study, but race appears to be a category without any scientific basis. Other parameters that may be important such as ethnicity and genetics are still not fully developed to be useful. At present there is no generally accepted way of describing and classifying the subjects. The nasal index may be a suitable discriminator of variation for studies in rhinology but more studies are required to define its clinical relevance. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom. Leong S C SC Eccles R R eng Journal Article Review 2010 03 02

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2010 Sep;48(3):379-80; author reply 380 21049650 Biomedical Research Continental Population Groups Demography Ethnic Groups Humans 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 epublish 09.052 10.4193/Rhin09.052 20502727 21480569 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Is it time to abandon chronic rhinosinusitis? (Or at least to introduce the term unexplained chronic rhinosinusitis). 123-4; discussion 124 Cervin Anders A eng Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Humans Rhinitis diagnosis Sinusitis diagnosis Terminology as Topic 2011 4 12 6 0 2011 4 13 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 21480569 21480568 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Acinic cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. Report of a unique case. 113-6 Glandular tumours constitute a very small percentage of all neoplastic lesions in the nasal cavity. Only a very limited number of cases of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) involving the nose have been sporadically reported throughout the medical literature. The clinical significance of this case report is due to its unique site. To our knowledge this report represents the only documentation of acinic cell carcinoma arising in the nasal vestibule. Unusual presentations of uncommon malignancies can pose considerable diagnostic dilemmas to both the surgeon and histopathologist. Awareness of these rarities is important to ensure the best patient care. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. amanganaris@hotmail.com Manganaris Argyris A Bates Timothy John TJ Roberts David D Simo Ricard R eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Carcinoma, Acinar Cell diagnosis pathology surgery Female Humans Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures 2011 4 12 6 0 2011 4 13 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 21480568 21480567 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic assisted probing for symptomatic congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction after one year of age. 100-3 When probing treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction fails, it is often unclear whether it is due to technical difficulties or the severity of obstruction. Therefore our aim was to study the causes of probing failure and how to treat them. In a prospective study, 36 lacrimal systems of 26 children aged 12 months to 4 years with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) were treated by probing. In all children probing was done under direct vision using nasal endoscopy. Different forms of CNLDO were treated and studied to determine the potential predictors for treatment failure. The overall success rate was 94.5 %. Expected failure was attributed mainly to the construction of different forms of membranous penetration on probing. Surgical membranotomy at the area of Hasner's valve under direct nasal endoscopic visualization is an essential step for proper management of CNLDO. Nasolacrimal duct probing under direct nasal endoscopic visualization can be considered as the standard treatment of CNLDO as it minimizes intranasal trauma and leads to a better surgical outcome. Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. shawky_morsy2003@yahoo.com Elmorsy Shawky S Shabana Yousef K YK Fayek Hytham M HM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child, Preschool Endoscopy Female Humans Infant Lacrimal Duct Obstruction congenital surgery Male Prospective Studies 2011 4 12 6 0 2011 4 13 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 21480567 21480566 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Cohorts and teams. 1-2 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Interprofessional Relations Otolaryngology Research 2011 4 12 6 0 2011 4 13 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 21480566 20502746 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Orbital subperiosteal hematoma associated with sinus infection. 117-22 There are few reports of orbital subperiosteal hematomas as a result of sinusitis complications. The present study reports on 2 such cases and presents a literature review regarding this condition. We report 2 cases of orbital subperiosteal hematoma, and reviewed previous literature reports. Including the 2 current patients, 11 cases of orbital subperiosteal hematoma involving sinusitis appear in the literature. The current cases involved 2 older females presenting with proptosis. One had frontal sinusitis and the other a postoperative frontoethmoid mucocele. Both patients underwent a superior orbitotomy and sinus surgery, which resolved the orbital symptoms. Orbital subperiosteal hematomas can develop associated with sinus infection. Such a condition should be treated as a sinusitis complication and the associated sinus infection must be treated concomitantly. Department of Otolaryngology, National Police Hospital, and Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea. Park Hyung-Wook HW Lee Bong-Jae BJ Chung Yoo-Sam YS eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Exophthalmos epidemiology Female Frontal Sinusitis epidemiology Hematoma epidemiology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Aged Mucocele epidemiology Orbital Diseases epidemiology Paranasal Sinus Diseases epidemiology Periosteum 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.008 10.4193/Rhin09.008 20502746 20502745 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Coblation® inferior turbinate reduction: a long-term follow-up with subjective and objective assessment. 108-12 This article presents long-term outcomes following Coblation® inferior turbinate reduction surgery (CITR) using both subjective and objective outcome measures in a cohort of patients with nasal obstruction secondary to enlarged inferior turbinate. Subjective assessment of the severity of nasal obstruction was assessed using a 100 mm visual analogue scale anchored by the descriptors 'nose completely clear' (0 mm) and 'nose completely blocked' (100 mm). Nasal conductance of airflow was measured by posterior rhinomanometry. Of the original cohort of 18 patients, 13 patients (76%) were available for follow-up at 32 months after surgery. The mean baseline nasal conductance was 248.6 cm3/s (range 2.5-614.8), which improved significantly (p=0.033) to 342.1 cm3/s (range 166.7-500) at 32 months post-operatively. Improvement in the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction was indicated by a lower VAS score compared to baseline. The mean pre-operative VAS was 72 mm (range 49-98), which improved to 53 mm (range 2-93) but this did not achieve statistical significance (10/13 patients scored improved airflow). This was a pilot study of the long-term outcomes of CITR. Despite the small study cohort, there appears to be sustained improvement in nasal conductance of air-flow up to 32 months follow-up. Although there was improvement in the subjective assessment of nasal obstruction, this did not achieve statistical significance. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, and Deaprtment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK. Leong S C SC Farmer S E J SE Eccles R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Catheter Ablation methods Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypertrophy Nasal Obstruction pathology surgery Pain Measurement Rhinomanometry Treatment Outcome Turbinates pathology surgery 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.072 10.4193/Rhin09.072 20502745 20502744 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic revision of external dacryocystorhinostomy failure. 104-7 To evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic analysis and surgery of the lacrimal sac in cases of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure. In a retrospective study, 17 endoscopic procedures in 17 patients during 11 years with recurrent lacrimal obstruction after external DCR were performed. Endoscopic analysis and procedures were carried out with a routine silicone tube catheterization for 3 to 6 months. In 13 patients, scar tissue was the cause of the obstacle, while in 3 patients an unsuitable location of the ostia and in 1 case an inflammatory polyp were found. After a long-term follow-up (56 months), the epiphora was controlled in 94% of the cases. The mean delay between the first DCR and the recurrence of epiphora was 22 months. A persistent or recurrent epiphora can be explored after an external procedure and treated by endoscopic procedure. The endonasal approach for DCR was considered safe, and effective particularly in patients with unsuccessful external DCR. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Rouen University Hospital-Charles Nicolle Rouen, France. olivier.choussy@chu-rouen.fr Choussy O O Retout A A Marie J P JP Cozlean A A Dehesdin D D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Dacryocystorhinostomy methods Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Reoperation Retrospective Studies Treatment Failure Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 08.115 10.4193/Rhin08.115 20502744 20502743 2011 04 08 2011 05 25 2011 11 17

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A follow-up study with acoustic rhinometry in children using nasal insulin. 95-9 Acoustic rhinometry is a widely used method especially suitable with children, since it has no side-effects and is easy to perform. The role of normal development of height or body surface area, and their effect on acoustic rhinometric results, is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of any differences in rhinometric findings or nasal symptoms between children receiving daily administered nasal insulin or placebo. The usefulness of acoustic rhinometry for follow-up in children was also considered. A subcohort of 77 children taking part in the Type I Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study was invited for a follow-up study with acoustic rhinometry. Children aged 1-12 years received daily either nasal insulin or a placebo. There was no difference between the two groups in nasal symptoms, minimal cross-sectional area or nasal volume measured with acoustic rhinometry. There was likewise no significant increase in rhinometric values during the two years of the follow-up. We conclude that acoustic rhinometry is a suitable method for objective follow-up in children. In a long-term follow-up the normal growth of the child should be taken into account. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Hospital, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. lotta.haavisto@tyks.fi Haavisto Lotta E LE Vahlberg Tero J TJ Sipilä Jukka I JI eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Hypoglycemic Agents 0 Insulin IM Administration, Intranasal Body Surface Area Child Child, Preschool Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypoglycemic Agents administration & dosage Infant Insulin administration & dosage Male Rhinometry, Acoustic 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.080 10.4193/Rhin09.080 20502743 20502742 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Management implications of diagnosing orbital abscess as subperiosteal orbital abscess. 90-4 Orbital complications of rhinosinusitis can be life-threatening. Accurate diagnosis by computerized tomography (CT) scanning, immediate administration of intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage are the recommended management strategy. Faulty diagnosis by CT scan may lead to visual deterioration, intracranial complications and even fatality. The purpose of this study is to increase the awareness of the possibility of misdiagnosing orbital abscess (OA) as subperiosteal orbital abscess (SPOA) and propose a novel surgical technique to overcome this surgical circumstance. Three cases of OA and 29 of SPOA cases that were surgically managed between 1998 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Three cases of OA diagnosed by CT scan as SPOA were primarily medically treated by intravenous antibiotics. Once the therapeutic management failed to resolve the condition, endonasal endoscopic surgery (EES) was carried out, upon which the diagnosis of OA was made and drainage successfully achieved. Whenever SPOA is diagnosed by CT scan and no purulent discharge is evidenced after removal of the lamina papyracea, OA should be suspected and incisions along the orbital periosteum should be made to release the pus from the orbit. The EES approach in cases of OS and SPOA can confirm an accurate diagnosis. Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerefin, Israel. haim.ga@012.net.il Gavriel Haim H Kessler Alex A Eviatar Ephraim E eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess radiography surgery Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Diagnostic Errors Endoscopy Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Middle Aged Orbital Diseases radiography surgery Periosteum Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.090 10.4193/Rhin09.090 20502742 20502741 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasopharyngeal endoscopic resection in the management of selected malignancies: ten-year experience. 84-9 To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic surgery in the management of selected nasopharyngeal cancers. Three different types of nasopharyngeal endoscopic resections (NER) are described. From January 1997 to October 2008, 17 consecutive patients (mean age: 50 years) with previously untreated (5) or recurrent nasopharyngeal tumours (12) were treated with curative intent by pure endoscopic resection. The extent of surgical resection was classified as follows: type I NER: resection limited to the postero-superior nasopharyngeal wall; type 2 NER: resection superiorly extended to the sphenoid sinus; type 3 NER: resection with lateral extension including the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube and parapharyngeal space. Type 1 NER was performed in 4 cases, type 2 in 6, and type 3 in 7. No intra- or post-operative complications were observed. Mean hospitalization time was 4 days (range: 1-7). Follow-up ranged from 10 to 138 months (mean: 41.2±38). At the time of writing, 12 (71/%) patients were free of disease, 3 (17%) alive with disease, and 2 (12%) dead of disease. NER is a feasible surgical technique that can be tailored in relation to tumour extension. Larger series and longer follow-up are needed to further validate the long-term results. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. Castelnuovo P P Dallan I I Bignami M M Battaglia P P Mauri S S Bolzoni Villaret A A Bizzoni A A Tomenzoli D D Nicolai P P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy Feasibility Studies Female Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms mortality surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local surgery 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.079 10.4193/Rhin09.079 20502741 20502740 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Lessons learnt from an audit of 95 cases of major nasal reconstruction. 77-83 Several texts detail the possible complications of nasal reconstruction but few critically describe a series. We present an audit of the complications of 95 major nasal reconstructions. This is a retrospective analysis of 95 consecutive major nasal reconstructions (49 male, 46 female, aged between 4 and 92 years) over a 16-year period treated in a tertiary refer-ral centre. Fifty-eight patients in our series required nasal reconstruction after Moh's Micrographic surgery for a morpheiform basal cell or a squamous cell carcinoma. Eight patients had further removal using frozen section to determine the margins, as the disease was very extensive. Minor procedures with local random flaps or full thickness skin grafts were excluded. Ninety-five patients underwent major reconstructive procedures and had an average of 2.8 operations. The main problem was the suboptimal contouring of the alar margin in 6 of 54 patients who had a full thickness defect repaired. Other complications included telangectasia or hair growth requiring laser ablation (13), stenosis of the nasal valve area (2), ectropion after a cheek advancement flap, donor site haematoma of the pinna, and neuropathic pain. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queens Medical Center, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK. Wild D C DC Munir N N Jones N S NS eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Carcinoma, Basal Cell pathology surgery Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology surgery Child Child, Preschool Female Frozen Sections Humans Male Medical Audit Middle Aged Mohs Surgery Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Retrospective Studies Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.050 10.4193/Rhin09.050 20502740 20502739 2011 04 08 2011 05 25 2011 11 17

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Sulphurous thermal water inhalations in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. 71-6 The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of sulphurous thermal water in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Eighty patients with CRS were included and randomly assigned into two groups. Patients underwent a 12-day course of warm vapour inhalations and nasal irrigations with sulphurous thermal water in group A, and a physiological solution in group B. Compared with group B, in group A the results were as follows: serum concentration of IgE was significantly lower (p<0.05) 12 days (76.27+26.3 mg/dl vs. 97.44±45.4) and 3 months after the beginning of the treatment (75.48+26.1 mg/dl vs. 98.37±41.4); IgA titers were not significantly higher 12 days (231.09±120.3 mg/dl vs. 220.44+114.4 mg/dl) and 3 months after the beginning of the treatment (235.44±118.5 mg/dl vs. 214.51±111.8 mg/dl); VAS scores were significantly (p<0.05) improved at 12 days (1.7+0.18 vs. 6.9±0.51) and 3 months after the start (1.8+0.22 vs. 7.1±0.59); NMIT was normal at 12 days (11.54±1.59 min vs. 17.38+1.83 min) and 3 months after the beginning of the treatment (11.46+2.07 min vs. 17.43±2.01 min); total nasal resistances were significantly (p<0.05) decreased at 12 days and 3 months. Our results indicate the efficiency and applicability of sulphurous thermal water in the treatment of CRS. ENT Department, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. Salami Angelo A Dellepiane Massimo M Strinati Flavio F Guastini Luca L Mora Renzo R eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Mineral Waters 0 Sulfur Compounds 7732-18-5 Water IM Administration, Inhalation Chronic Disease Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mineral Waters administration & dosage Pain Measurement Rhinitis therapy Rhinomanometry Sinusitis therapy Sulfur Compounds administration & dosage Therapeutic Irrigation Volatilization Water chemistry 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.065 10.4193/Rhin09.065 20502739 20502738 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Chronic sinusitis in Malta--correlation between symptoms and CT scan. 59-64 The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is clinical as it is based on patient symptoms. Sinus CT has been used as an objective measure of CRS with varying degrees of success and correlation to patient symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient symptoms, nasal endoscopic findings and CT in a small Mediterranean island community. A cohort of 305 consecutive patients with symptoms of CRS, that persisted despite maximal medical therapy, was evaluated by medical history, clinical examination and nasal endoscopy followed by sinus CT. Scans scoring 2 or higher on the Lund-Mckay scoring system were classified as positive for sinusitis while those scoring 0 or 1 were classified as negative for sinusitis. The setting of this study was a busy otolaryngological practice on a small Mediterranean island using a computerised database. In total, 172 patients (56%) had positive and 133 (44%) had negative CT scans. Males with CRS were significantly more likely to have a positive CT (chi squared test, p=0.0005). Postnasal drip/rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction and hyposmia as primary symptoms were significantly more likely to be associated with a positive CT (chi squared test p=0.0001). Patients presenting with facial pain as the primary symptom were significantly more likely to have a negative CT (chi squared test, p=0.0001). Middle meatal pus or nasal polyps on nasal endoscopy were significantly more likely to be associated with a subsequently positive CT (chi squared test, p<0.0001). Mucosal oedema of the middle meatus was a non-specific finding. CT positive patients were more likely to be treated surgically while CT negative patients were more likely to be treated with medication (chi squared test, p=0.0001). Patients were followed up for a mean of 2 years. Overall, there was a good or improved outcome in 81% of patients. Those with a positive CT did significantly well with surgical treatment. ENT Surgery, the Medical School, University of Malta, Msida, Malta. aagius@synapse.net.mt Agius A M AM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Chronic Disease Endoscopy Facial Pain etiology Female Humans Male Malta epidemiology Middle Aged Nasal Polyps epidemiology Prospective Studies Rhinitis complications diagnosis epidemiology Sinusitis complications diagnosis epidemiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.066 10.4193/Rhin09.066 20502738 20502737 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Long-term follow-up of patients with facial pain in chronic rhinosinusitis--correlation with nasal endoscopy and CT. 65-70 Commonly attributed to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), facial pain is a frequent present-ing complaint in otolaryngology clinics. This study aimed to investigate nasal endoscopy and CT in a cohort of CRS patients presenting primarily with facial pain and to report on their long-term follow-up. The setting was a busy otolaryngological practice on a small Mediterranean island. A cohort of 305 consecutive patients with chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to maximal medical therapy was assessed clinically, by nasal endoscopy and coronal sinus CT. The primary presenting symptom in 154 of these individuals was facial pain and this paper studied this particular subgroup of CRS patients. Using the Lund-Mckay scoring system, a CT positive for sinusitis was set at 2 or higher. A score of 0 or I was considered negative for sinusitis. The findings in CT positive and CT negative patients were compared. The CT in 61 (40%) patients with facial pain scored positive while 93 (60%) patients had a negative CT. Patients with facial pain as the presenting symptom in rhinosinusitis were significantly less likely to score positive for sinusitis on CT (chi squared test, p<0.0001). CT positive patients were significantly more likely to have pus or nasal polyps (chi squared test, p<0.0001) on nasal endoscopy than CT negative patients. Only 36% of patients with facial pain and other sinusitis symptoms had chronic rhinosinusitis as confirmed by CT and presence of pus or polyps on nasal endoscopy. Patients with positive CT were significantly more likely to be treated surgically while those with a negative CT were significantly more likely to be treated by medication (chi squared test, p<0.0001). Patients were followed up for a mean of two years and their outcomes analysed. The outcome for conservative treatment in CT negative patients (68% good or improved) was not as good as the outcome for surgical treatment in CT positive patients (87% good or improved). ENT Surgery, the Medical School, University of Malta. aagius@synapse.net.mt Agius A M AM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Child Chronic Disease Endoscopy Facial Pain etiology Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa Rhinitis complications radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.015 10.4193/Rhin09.015 20502737 20502736 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Chronic sinusitis and rhinitis: clinical terminology "Chronic Rhinosinusitis" further supported. 54-8 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases of the nasal and paranasal cavities, either accompanied by polyp formation (CRSwNP) or without polyps (CRSsNP). The etiology and pathophysiology is unknown; some specialists define rhinitis and sinusitis as one clinical entity, whereas others regard both as separate dis-eases. We therefore investigated the immunological background of the chronically inflamed nasal and sinusal mucosa. Protein levels of the inflammatory mediators ILl-beta, IL-5, ECP, INF-gamma, and TGF-beta were assessed in ethmoidal mucosal samples from CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients, and compared with the expression profile in nasal inferior turbinate (17) mucosa of the same patient groups. Nasal tissue of patients without disease served as control. In CRSwNP, increased levels of IL-5 and ECP were not only observed in ethmoidal samples, but also in the nasal IT-mucosa. TGF-beta levels were lower in polyps, reaching significance versus ethmoidal mucosa of CRSsNP. In CRSsNP, INF-gamma levels are up-regulated in both ethmoidal and nasal mucosa compared to control tissue. On the basis of similar inflammatory mediator profiles, we conclude that rhinitis accompanies chronic sinusitis, supporting the consensus term "rhinosinusitis". On the other hand, CRSsNP and CRSwNP should be regarded as distinct clinical entities. Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. Van Crombruggen Koen K Van Bruaene Nicholas N Holtappels Gabriele G Bachert Claus C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Inflammation Mediators IM Chronic Disease Humans Inflammation Mediators analysis Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nasal Polyps Otolaryngology Rhinitis physiopathology Sinusitis physiopathology Terminology as Topic 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.078 10.4193/Rhin09.078 20502736 20502735 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory mucosa in nasal polyposis: implications for FESS outcome. 47-53 This study investigates olfactory epithelium biopsies from patients with nasal polyposis, in correlation with olfactory test results and ratings of olfactory dysfunction pre- and postoperatively. Twenty-seven patients with nasal polyposis were included. Olfactory function was tested with the "Sniffin Sticks" test. Biopsies from the olfactory region performed at the end of endoscopic surgery and studied with immunohistochemistry. Patients used a visual analogue scale to report their olfactory dysfunction when re-examined one year postoperatively. Subjects with little or no inflammation in olfactory and respiratory biopsies had short-er duration of disease and better olfactory function. Pathological changes of olfactory mucosa included replacement by respiratory metaplasia, degenerated epithelium, rupture of epithelial surface and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Postoperative olfactory test results showed improvement of olfaction in 74% of patients. Although this improvement seemed to be better in subjects with little or no inflammation, this was not significant. Preoperative and postoperative olfactory test results were positively correlated. The disease process includes loss of structural organization and inflammatory infiltration of the olfactory epithelium. The inflammation severity is related to the olfactory test results; however, it cannot be the only predictive factor postoperatively. 2nd University ORL, Department Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. jordan_orl@hotmail.com Konstantinidis Iordanis I Witt Martin M Kaidoglou Katerina K Constantinidis Jannis J Gudziol Volker V eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Endoscopy Epithelium pathology Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism pathology physiopathology Nasal Polyps metabolism pathology physiopathology surgery Rhinitis pathology physiopathology surgery Sinusitis pathology physiopathology surgery Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.102 10.4193/Rhin09.102 20502735 20502734 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyp fibroblasts produce MIP-3alpha in response to toll-like receptor ligands and cytokine stimulation. 41-6 Dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in the development and perpetuation of immune responses. DCs are present in upper airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. However, the mechanisms of how DCs migrate into the upper airway mucosa during upper airway inflammatory diseases remains unclear. Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha) is known to be a migratory factor for immature DCs. There have been very few reports regarding cells producing this chemokine in the airways. To investigate this, we stimulated fibroblasts cultured from the nasal polyps with various toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, which are derived from microorganisms, and IL-beta1 and TNF-alpha, which are proinflammatory cytokines, and analyzed their ability to produce MIP-3alpha. Fibroblast lines were established from nasal polyps and stimulated with TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7/8 and 9 ligands, IL-beta1 and TNF-alpha. MIP-3alpha mRNA expression in nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPF) was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and the protein levels of MIP-3alpha in the supernatants of stimulated NPF was measured by ELISA. Stimulation with TLR2, 3, 4 and 5 ligands, IL-beta1 and TNF-alpha, induced MIP-3alpha gene expression and protein production in the cultured NPF This response was dose- and time-dependent. NPF possibly play an important role in the recruitment of DCs in upper airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps through the production of MIP-3alpha. Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan. nonaka@nms.ac.jp Nonaka Manabu M Ogihara Nozomu N Fukumoto Akira A Sakanushi Atsuko A Kusama Kaoru K Pawankar Ruby R Yagi Toshiaki T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 CCL20 protein, human 0 Chemokine CCL20 0 Interleukin-1beta 0 Ligands 0 Toll-Like Receptors 0 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha IM Chemokine CCL20 metabolism Dendritic Cells physiology Fibroblasts metabolism Humans Interleukin-1beta physiology Ligands Nasal Polyps metabolism pathology Toll-Like Receptors physiology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha physiology 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.019 10.4193/Rhin09.019 20502734 20502733 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence and characteristics of rhinitis in asthmatic patients attending primary care in Spain (the RINOASMAIR study). 35-40 Rhinitis and asthma share epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical features. The aim of the RINOASMAIR study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of rhinitis in asthmatics in a Primary Care setting in Spain. A prospective epidemiological study was conducted with the participation of 1,027 Primary Care Physicians (PCP). A total of 4,174 asthmatics were included and demographic data, rhinitis prevalence, lung function, atopy, and rhinitis treatment were analysed. 71% of asthmatics suffered from rhinitis, these being younger (42.8 vs 50.2 yr; p<0.0001) and having milder asthma (FEV1=80.2% vs 76.1%, p<0.002) than those with-out rhinitis. A significant correlation (Rho=0.35, p<0.0001) between asthma and rhinitis severities was found. Atopy was associated to rhinitis, 77.8% of atopic compared to 47.6% of non atopic having rhinitis. Most asthmatics (71%) visited by Spanish PCP suffer from rhinitis, and these patients are younger and have milder asthma than asthmatics without rhinitis. Servei de Pneumologia, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain. 11437jac@comb.es Castillo José A JA Molina Jesús J Valero Antonio A Mullol Joaquim J eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Asthma drug therapy epidemiology physiopathology Comorbidity Humans Prevalence Primary Health Care Prospective Studies Respiratory Function Tests Rhinitis drug therapy epidemiology physiopathology Severity of Illness Index Spain epidemiology 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.056 10.4193/Rhin09.056 20502733 20502732 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The ARIA guidelines in specialist practice: a nationwide survey. 28-34 In 2001, the ARIA guidelines were published to assist healthcare practitioners in managing allergic rhinitis (AR) according to the best evidence. Very limited information, however, is avail-able on the impact of these guidelines on clinical practice. All Belgian Otorhinolaryngologists were invited to complete a questionnaire, covering demographic and professional characteristics, knowledge, use and perception of the ARIA guidelines and 4 clinical case scenarios of AR. Of the 258 (44%) Belgian Otorhinolaryngologists who participated, almost 90% had ever heard about ARIA and 64% had followed a lecture specifically dedicated to the ARIA guidelines. Furthermore, 62% stated to always or mostly follow the ARIA treatment algorithms in the daily management of AR patients. In the clinical case section, adherence to the ARIA guidelines raised with increased self-reported knowledge and use of the ARIA guidelines and among participants that considered the guidelines more userfriendly. Of the respondents, 51% were considered as good com-pliers. Younger age was a significant predictor for good compliance. More efforts are required to improve the translation of scientific knowledge into clinical practice and to further identify which factors may influence guideline compliance. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Applied Mathematics, Biometrics and Process Control, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium. helen.vanhoecke@ugent.be Van Hoecke H H Van Cauwenberge P P Thas O O Watelet J B JB eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Belgium Guideline Adherence Health Care Surveys Humans Otolaryngology Physician's Practice Patterns Questionnaires Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal therapy 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 08.203 10.4193/Rhin08.203 20502732 20502730 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Anatomy of the nasal cavity determines intranasal trigeminal sensitivity. 18-22 Aim of this study was to investigate whether intranasal anatomy plays a role in intranasal trigeminal sensitivity. A total of 65 healthy subjects (30 female, 35 male) participated in this study (age range 18-35 years). Nasal cavities were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The area of the nasal cavity was measured in 5 coronal sections distributed across the length of the nasal cavity. Trigeminal function was assessed by determining thresholds for CO2, and responses to suprathreshold stimulation with CO2 and menthol (intensity ratings; event-related potentials). In addition, rhino-manometric measures were obtained. A positive correlation was found between the size of the nasal cavity and trigeminal event-related potentials in response to suprathreshold CO2 and menthol stimuli. By contrast, no such correlations were found between nasal cavity size and CO2 thresholds. Results from rhino-manometry correlated only with the size of the nasal cavity in the nasal valve area. These data suggest that, at least at a suprathreshold level, nasal anatomy plays a significant role in determining interindividual differences in the sensitivity to trigeminal stimuli. 2nd Academic Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Konstantinidis Iordanis I Gartz Inga I Gerber Johannes C JC Reden Jens J Hummel Thomas T eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Evoked Potentials physiology Female Humans Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology physiology Trigeminal Nerve physiology Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.060 10.4193/Rhin09.060 20502730 20502729 2011 04 08 2011 05 25

0300-0729 48 1 2010 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Variations of the paranasal sinuses in Melanesians as observed by CT. 11-7 Studies have reported the incidence of anatomical variants of the paranasal sinuses for specific populations with a view to helping surgeons avoid possible complications during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Some have found significant variation when comparing different populations. The current study has used computed tomography (CT) scans to observe variations in the paranasal sinuses in a non-random sample of museum skulls of Melanesians, a racial group that has not previously been studied in this respect. The incidence of variants found were: agger nasi cells 59.5%, concha bullosa 41.5%/o, Haller's air cells 31.7%, internal carotid artery bulge in the sphenoid sinus 23.8%/, supraorbital cells 16. 7%, paradoxical curvature of the mid-dle turbinate 7.5% and pneumatization of crista galli 7.1%.Because of contradictory findings in the literature as to the incidence of such variations between racial groups the authors are able to make only limited meaningful comparisons between their subjects and other such groups. Discipline of Anatomy and Histology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney and Ear Department, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, Australia. marcusr@anatomy.usyd.edu.au Robinson M M Donlon D D Harrison H H Houang M M Stammberger H H Wolf G G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM African Continental Ancestry Group Carotid Artery, Internal anatomy & histology Humans Melanesia Paranasal Sinuses anatomy & histology radiography Skull radiography Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turbinates anatomy & histology 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2011 5 26 6 0 ppublish 09.083 10.4193/Rhin09.083 20502729 20502771 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Cardiac arrest induced by submucosal injection of epinephrine in a patient with variant angina. 251-3 This case report describes a 35-year old male who experienced ventricular tachycardia induced by intramucosal injection of epinephrine (1:100,000). Under general anaesthesia with desflurane inhalation, 1.5% lidocaine containing 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected into the nasal mucosa for septoplasty. ST segment elevation and QRS widening occurred after 10 minutes and progressed to pulseless ventricular tachycardia. A sinus rhythm was restored after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with electrical cardioversion. The cardiac enzymes were significantly elevated after the event. Exercise-stress testing and coronary angiography were normal. However, an injection of acetylcholine into the coronary artery provoked vasospasm in the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries. This case illustrates an unusual response to low dose epinephrine with cardiac arrest induced in a patient with undiagnosed variant angina. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Lee Ji Young JY Hong Sung Jin SJ Chon Jin Young JY Kwon So Young SY eng Case Reports Journal Article 2010 06 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Vasoconstrictor Agents 51-43-4 Epinephrine IM Adult Angina Pectoris, Variant complications diagnosis Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Coronary Angiography Electrocardiography Epinephrine administration & dosage adverse effects Exercise Test Heart Arrest chemically induced Humans Male Vasoconstrictor Agents administration & dosage adverse effects 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 epublish 09.059 10.4193/Rhin09.059 20502771 20502769 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A unique case of a postrhinoplasty epidermoid cyst. 244-6 The first case of a postrhinoplasty cyst lined with unusual stratified squamous epithelium, unlike the other published mucous ones, is described in this article. There are two different theories accounting for this complication: namely mucosal herniation and the free graft theory. Although the cyst was very close to the marginal rim incision, there was no connection between the cyst and vestibuler skin. Thus the free graft theory is more logical than the herniation theory to explain the development of this cyst. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Tastan Eren E Kavuzlu Ali A Demirci Munir M Sungu Nuran N eng Case Reports Journal Article 2010 06 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Epidermal Cyst diagnosis surgery Female Humans Nose Diseases diagnosis surgery Postoperative Complications diagnosis surgery Rhinoplasty 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 epublish 08.110 10.4193/Rhin08.110 20502769 20502770 2010 05 26 2010 08 13 2010 11 18

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Ethmoid roof CSF-leak following frontal sinus balloon sinuplasty. 247-50 Though clear indications for its clinical application are not established yet, balloon sinuplasty technology per se is considered safe and very few severe complications have been mentioned in literature as of today. We report the case of a 36-year-old female patient who presented with right sided rhinorrhea from a CSF-leak in the ethmoidal roof after balloon sinuplasty, aimed at her right frontal sinus. Apparently, the surgeon was unaware of having penetrated the skull base through the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate intraoperatively. CSF rhinorrhea became evident 3 weeks postoperatively only when fever, headaches and moderate nausea developed. Upon revision, diameter, size and shape of the bony defect exactly matched with the tip of a standard sinus balloon catheter device, as could be demonstrated and documented. A small posttraumatic encephalocele had intermittently blocked the leak. Endoscopic surgery and duraplasty were performed under intrathecal fluorescein control, applying CT image-guided navigation. Since two-layer fascia lata closure of the defect, the patient has remained free of symptoms without any evidence of CSF leakage. Balloon sinuplasty per se is considered a safe technique, though in inexperienced hands or wrongly applied, complications may occur, as with any surgical tool rigid enough to breach through skull base. Division of General ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. peter.tomazic@medunigraz.at Tomazic P V PV Stammberger H H Koele W W Gerstenberger C C eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Balloon Dilation Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis Ethmoid Bone surgery Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Frontal Sinusitis surgery Humans Postoperative Complications diagnosis 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.129 10.4193/Rhin09.129 20502770 20502768 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence of the uncinate process, agger nasi cell and their relationship in a Taiwanese population. 239-44 The uncinate process (UP) and the agger nasi (AN) cell are both important anatomical landmarks in endoscopic sinus surgery. The superior attachment of the UP and the prevalence of the AN cell show great anatomical variability and affect the anatomy of the frontal recess. The aim of this study was to investigate the superior attachment types of the UP, the presence of the AN cell, and the relationship between the two. Two hundred sixty-four sides of 132 patients with identifiable superior attachments of the UP were selected from our 2007-08 computed tomography (CT) scan records. Exclusion criteria were previous nasal or paranasal sinus surgery, neoplastic disease, and a history of nasal trauma. The superior attachment type of the UP and the prevalence of the AN cell were evaluated. Three case series from the English-language literature were selected for racial comparison. Single insertion of the UP into the lamina papyracea was the most common type (70.4%). The other types of UP superior attachment were found to have the following distribution: 10.2% into the middle turbinate; 7.6% into the lamina papyracea and the skull base; 6.1% into the skull base, 4.9% into the lamina papyracea and the middle turbinate; and 0.8% into the middle turbinate and the skull base. The distribution of the UP insertion types with respect to ethnicity was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The AN cell was found in 216 (81.8%) of 264 sides. The AN cell was present bilaterally in 95.3% of the cases (206 sides, 103 patients) and unilaterally in 4.7% (10 sides). The prevalence of the AN cell according to superior attachment of the UP types was not statistically significant (chi(2) = 8.6, p = 0.126). The nasofrontal anatomy did show some variations among different races. The single superior attachment of the UP into the lamina papyracea had the highest prevalence. The AN cell was found to be present in 81.8% of cases. The relationship between the presence of the AN cell and the superior attachment types of the UP was not statistically significant. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Liu Shao-Cheng SC Wang Chih-Hung CH Wang Hsing-Won HW eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chi-Square Distribution Ethmoid Bone anatomy & histology radiography Female Frontal Sinus anatomy & histology radiography Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity cytology Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology cytology radiography Prevalence Retrospective Studies Taiwan epidemiology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turbinates anatomy & histology cytology radiography 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.118 10.4193/Rhin09.118 20502768 20502767 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Temporal bone pneumatization and its relationship to paranasal sinus development in cystic fibrosis. 233-8 There is significant debate on the influence of inflammatory mucosal disease on paranasal sinus pneumatization (PSP) and temporal bone pneumatization (TBP) in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). It is often assumed that mucosal disease of the paranasal sinuses will negatively influence development and pneumotization of the paranasal sinuses and temporal bone system. A case-control study of TBP and PSP in CF, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and healthy control patients from a tertiary rhinology clinic. TBP and PSP were assessed by computed tomography (CT) using a previously validated scale. Genotype data for patients with CF was determined. In total, 186 temporal bones and paranasal sinuses from 93 adult patients were assessed through evaluation of CT scans. Tha patients had a mean age of 43.4 +/- 14.9 yrs. The interobserver correlation for TB scoring was 0.86. TBP did not differ between CF, CRS and controls (chi(2) = 6.93, p = 0.38). PSP was less in the CF group (chi(2) = 34.2, p < 0.001) than the CRS and control groups. CRS and controls did not differ in PSP. 51.6% of CF patients were homozygous for DeltaF508 and 16.1% were heterozygous. The DeltaF508 status correlated with poorer SP (chi(2) = 34.2, p < 0.001), but greater TBP (chi(2) = 14.9, p = 0.002) PSP is impaired in CF and DeltaF508 homozygosity is related to poor PSP. TBP is well preserved in the CF population and DeltaF508 homozygosity correlates with greater TBP, with the underlying mechanisms being unclear. Genotype might play a role in skull base pneumatization. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Seifert Clarice M CM Harvey Richard J RJ Mathews Joe W JW Meyer Ted A TA Ahn Chadwick C Woodworth Brad A BA Schlosser Rodney J RJ eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Analysis of Variance Case-Control Studies Chi-Square Distribution Cystic Fibrosis genetics pathology Female Genotype Humans Male Paranasal Sinuses pathology radiography Retrospective Studies Rhinitis pathology radiography Sinusitis pathology radiography Temporal Bone pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.145 10.4193/Rhin09.145 20502767 20502766 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The early administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases the engraftment of transplanted bone marrow-derived cells into the olfactory epithelium damaged by methimazole. 228-32 In 2005 we reported that transplanted bone marrow-derived cells were engrafted into the olfactory epithelium and then had characteristics of olfactory neuron cells. However, the engraftment rate was far from a practical level. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to mobilize stem cells from the bone marrow into the circulation. To assess the efficacy of G-CSF on engrafting transplanted bone marrow-derived cells into the olfactory epithelium, we performed the time window study of G-CSF administration. After C57BL/6 mice transplanted with bone marrow cells from GFP mice received selective damage of the olfactory epithelium by methimazole, G-CSF was administrated into the recipient mice at different time windows. A statistical analysis demonstrated that the early administration of G-CFS was appropriate to increase the engraftment rate of bone marrow-derived cells into the olfactory epithelium. Cells with double-immunostaining for GFP and OMP, GAP43 or cytokeratin were found in the olfactory epithelium of recipient mice. These results suggest that bone marrow-derived cells are engrafted as stem cells of the olfactory tissue and that the early administration of G-CSF is more effective to increase the engraftment rate of bone marrow-derived cell into the olfactory epithelium damaged by methimazole. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. nishizak@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp Nishizaki Kazunori K Yoshinobu Junko J Tsujigiwa Hidetsugu H Orita Yorihisa Y Yamada Masao M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 GAP-43 Protein 0 Olfactory Marker Protein 0 Omp protein, mouse 143011-72-7 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor 60-56-0 Methimazole 68238-35-7 Keratins IM Animals Bone Marrow Transplantation Female GAP-43 Protein metabolism Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor pharmacology Immunoenzyme Techniques Keratins metabolism Methimazole toxicity Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Transgenic Olfactory Marker Protein metabolism Olfactory Mucosa cytology metabolism 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.100 10.4193/Rhin09.100 20502766 20502765 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Accuracy of acoustic rhinometry versus computed tomography in the evaluation of nasal cavity in patients with nasal polyposis. 224-7 Acoustic rhinometry (AR) accuracy in the diagnosis and follow-up of nasal polyps is as yet unclear. Our objective was to study its accuracy compared with computed tomography (CT) in patients with nasal polyps. We studied 29 patients diagnosed of nasal polyposis by nasal endoscopy. In all patients sinunasal CT-scan, AR and nasal nitric oxide (NO) were assessed. Nasal volumes between 0 and 5 (V(0-5)) and 5 and 9 (V(5-9)) centimetres from nasal inlet were measured with AR and CT-scan, by using Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficient tests. All patients (29,79% males, mean age 48.2 yr [range 34-61]) had nasal polyps (score 2-3 on Lildholdt classification, score 0-3). Measurements (right plus left sides) were: AR 8.9 +/- 0.8 cm(3) (V(0-5)) and 15.5 +/- 3.6 cm(3)(V(5-9)); CT 6.5 +/- 0.4 cm(3) (V(0-5)) and 6.3 +/- 0.8 cm(3) (V(5-9)). Pearson correlation was r = 0.67 (p < 0.01) for V(0-5) and r = 0.62 (p < 0.05) for V(5-9). Intraclass correlation coefficient test was 0.51 (V(0-5)) and 0.28 (V(5-9)) for consistency; and 0.43 (V(0-5)) and 0.23 (V(5-9)) for absolute agreement. Low levels of NO (312.3 +/- 43.8 ppb) were found and the correlation between NO levels and volumes (V(0-5) or V(0-9)) measured by AR was not statistically significant. Compared to CT-scan, AR measurements accurately reflect the geometry of nasal cavity volumes in patients with nasal polyps, with a better assessment in the anterior part of the nasal cavity. Allergy Unit, Pneumology and Allergy Department, Hospital Clínic - IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. rmunoz@clinic.ub.es Muñoz-Cano R R Salvador R R Valero A A Berenguer J J Alobid I I Bartra J J Guilemany J M JM Mullol J J Picado C C eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide IM Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology radiography Nasal Polyps pathology radiography Nitric Oxide analysis Rhinometry, Acoustic Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.067 10.4193/Rhin09.067 20502765 20502764 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of nasal mucosal swelling and microcirculation throughout nasal and bronchial provocation tests with lysine-aspirin in asthmatics with nasal polyposis. 216-23 According to the GA2LEN recommendations, nasal challenge test with lysine-aspirin should be performed only in patients with severe asthma, because the sensitivity of this test has been lower than in bronchial and oral challenge tests. The AIA patient group often have severe asthma with impaired lung function, and therefore improvement of the nasal challenge is warranted. The outcomes of this study clearly indicate that a prolonged detection time from two to three hours might improve the sensitivity of the nasal challenge as a method for diagnosing aspirin intolerance. Moreover, we found a different vascular response in the nasal mucosa in the subjects with AIA after local challenge with lysine-aspirin as compared to an ATA patient group. This puts RSM-LDF as a possible new method in addition to those previously recommended for this particular test. Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Division Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institutet and Nacka Närsjukhus Proximas AB, Stockholm, Sweden. andres.ehnhage@ki.se Ehnhage A A Kölbeck K G KG Juto J E JE Dahlén B B Stjärne P P eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 37933-78-1 acetylsalicylic acid lysinate 50-78-2 Aspirin 56-87-1 Lysine IM Adult Allergens diagnostic use Aspirin analogs & derivatives diagnostic use Asthma chemically induced diagnosis immunology physiopathology Bronchial Provocation Tests Edema chemically induced Female Humans Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Lysine analogs & derivatives diagnostic use Male Microcirculation Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa blood supply Nasal Polyps complications immunology physiopathology Nasal Provocation Tests Respiratory Function Tests Statistics, Nonparametric 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.090 10.4193/Rhin09.090 20502764 20502763 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Azelastine nasal spray inhibiting parasympathetic function of tracheal smooth muscle. 211-5 Azelastine hydrochloride is a histamine receptor-1 (H(1)) antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties that is available in the United States as Astelin Nasal Spray for rhinitis patients who are suffering from sneezing and rhinorrhea. The effect of H(1) antagonists on nasal mucosa in vivo is well known; however, the effect of the drug on tracheal smooth muscle has rarely been explored. During administration via oral intake or inhalation of the H(1) antagonist for nasal symptoms, it might affect the trachea. We examined the effectiveness of azelastine on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by testing: 1) the effect on tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; 2) the effect on contraction caused by 10(-6) M methacholine as a parasympathetic mimetic; and 3) the effect on electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. The results indicated that addition of methacholine to the incubation medium caused the trachea to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of azelastine at doses of 10(-5) M or above elicited a significant relaxation response to 10(-6) M methacholine-induced contraction. Azelastine could inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike contraction. It alone had a minimal effect on the basal tension of trachea as the concentration increased. This study indicated that high concentrations of azelastine might actually inhibit parasympathetic function of the trachea. Azelastine might reduce asthma attacks in rhinitis patients because it could inhibit parasympathetic function and reduce methacholine-induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. w0512n@ms15.hinet.net Wang Hsing-Won HW Chou Ying-Liang YL Chu Yueng-Hsiang YH eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating 0 Phthalazines 58581-89-8 azelastine 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride IM Animals Electric Stimulation Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating pharmacology Methacholine Chloride pharmacology Muscle Contraction drug effects Muscle, Smooth drug effects innervation Parasympathetic Nervous System drug effects Phthalazines pharmacology Rats Trachea drug effects innervation 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.109 10.4193/Rhin09.109 20502763 20502762 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Mediator release of neuropeptides after nasal provocation in perennial allergic rhinitis patients. 206-10 Neuropeptides may play a role in allergic rhinitis including development of vasodilation and vascular leakage, which may result in rhinorrhea and congestion. While neuropeptide release during the immediate allergic response is well known, the role of neuropeptides in the late phase of allergic responses is less well defined. Eleven subjects with dust mite allergy induced allergic rhinitis were compared to 5 healthy control subjects using nasal allergen provocation. Nasal lavage fluid was analyzed for Substance P, bradykinin, and total protein. RESULTS Both bradykinin and substance P levels increased in nasal lavage fluid immediately after dust mite allergen challenge of dust mite allergic subjects, the magnitude of increase of both neuropeptides being significantly correlated. There was a greater increase in substance P versus bradykinin 4 to 6 hours after allergen challenge, with a lack of correlation between the late phase increases of these two neuropeptides. The bradykinin increases correlated with the increase in total protein in the nasal lavages of the allergic subjects, whereas the increases in substance P did not correlate with the total protein in the nasal lavages. An increase in nasal eosinophils was only seen in the allergic subjects after allergen provocation. Both bradykinin and substance P appear in nasal lavage fluid 4 to 6 hours after allergen challenge of dust mite allergic subjects, suggesting a role for the neuropeptides in late phase allergic events. Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Silesian University School of Medicine, Zabrze, Poland. Gawlik Radoslaw R DuBuske Lawrence L eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Neuropeptides 33507-63-0 Substance P 58-82-2 Bradykinin IM Allergens immunology Animals Bradykinin analysis Case-Control Studies Female Humans Male Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry immunology Nasal Provocation Tests Neuropeptides immunology Pyroglyphidae immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology Statistics, Nonparametric Substance P analysis Young Adult 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.111 10.4193/Rhin09.111 20502762 20502761 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Validation of ARIA duration and severity classifications in Spanish allergic rhinitis patients - The ADRIAL cohort study. 201-5 Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an increasingly prevalent worldwide disease, which has an important impact on quality of life and generates high social and health care costs. The ARIA classification, that considers both the duration and severity of AR, seems more appropriate than previous classifications of AR, but few studies exist on the validation of the severity criteria proposed by the ARIA classification. To assess the ARIA duration and severity classification of AR in a large sample population of patients, by investigating whether different degrees of severity correlate with differences in symptom score, quality of life or the patient's self evaluation of impairment. This study also assesses the relationship between AR severity and co morbidities. An observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study conducted in Spain. AR was classified based on the ARIA criteria, and compared to the classical classification based on allergen exposure. Rhinitis was evaluated by the Total 4-Symptom Score (T4SS) scale, quality of life was measured using the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), and disease severity through a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm). Comorbidities were evaluated based both on the duration and severity of the symptoms of rhinitis. AR patients, (n = 3,529; mean age 37.5 +/= 13.4 years; 52.3% women) were included in the study. AR patients were classified as intermittent (51.5%) and persistent (48.5%) based on the ARIA classification, and as seasonal (61.2%), perennial (35.1%), and occupational (3.7%) based on the allergen exposure classification. Significantly higher T4SS, RQLQ and VAS scores were obtained in moderate/severe compared to mild AR. The incidence of asthma was significantly higher in patients with persistent and moderate/severe AR compared to intermittent and mild AR. Asthma was the only co morbidity to reach statistical significance. ARIA classification of severity reflects two different statuses of AR in terms of symptoms and quality of life. Asthma was the only concomitant pathology in which incidence was related to ARIA categories in terms of duration or severity. Clínica Dr. Lobatón, Cádiz, Spain. dr.cuvillo@concadiz.es del Cuvillo Alfonso A Montoro Javier J Bartra Joan J Valero Antonio A Ferrer Marta M Jauregui Ignacio I Dávila Ignacio I Sastre Joaquín J Mullol Joaquim J eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chi-Square Distribution Cohort Studies Conjunctivitis classification Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Logistic Models Male Quality of Life Questionnaires Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial classification Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal classification Severity of Illness Index Spain Statistics, Nonparametric 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.099 10.4193/Rhin09.099 20502761 20502760 2010 05 26 2010 08 13 2010 11 04

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Hydrodissection for subperichondrial septoplasty - an experimental anatomical study. 195-200 The effect of hydrostatic infiltrations for subperichondrial dissection is controversial. Classical textbooks promote it as the "key step in elevating the flaps" or consider its practicability "a mere fable". Moreover, case reports describe fatal side effects. Up to now, experimental tests are missing. Experimental study. Three surgeons simulated subperichondrial hydrodissection with 20 mineral salt fixed human cadaver heads. One ml lidocaine 5% with 1:105 adrenaline and India ink was infiltrated. Each septum was examined histologically using serial 3 microm sections in 150 microm intervals. Tissue cleavage containing the ink deposits with minimal distance to the proposed subperichondrial zone, intravasal spread and tissue deposition were analyzed. Every injection produced a physical dissection (n = 20). However, dissected planes were localized mostly in the supra-perichondrial connective tissue (n = 8) or within the perichondrium (n = 4). Only five cases showed the propagated correct dissection in a subperichondrial zone. Three anomalous septa were excluded from quantitative analysis. Infiltrated matter did not only accumulate within the dissection plane but also penetrated the surrounding vessels of the septal intumescentia (n = 8). Hydrostatic infiltrations represent an unreliable surgical technique for dissection of an anatomical correct subperichondrial plane but can be useful for anesthesia and hemostasis, however, using high pressure and high volume infiltrations might foster serious side effects. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. patrick.dubach@insel.ch Dubach P P Mantokoudis G G Banz Y Y Herrmann G G Caversaccio M M Caversaccioo M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2010 Sep;48(3):378 Caversaccioo, M [corrected to Caversaccio, M] Aged Aged, 80 and over Cadaver Dissection methods Female Humans Hydrostatic Pressure Male Microsurgery methods Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Rhinoplasty methods Statistics, Nonparametric Surgical Flaps 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.120 10.4193/Rhin09.120 20502760 20502759 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Long-term effectiveness of projection control suture in rhinoplasty. 189-94 The aim of this study is to report the long-term effectiveness of septocolumellar projection control suture (PCS). Fourteen cases underwent rhinoplasty including projection control suture have been included into the study. The long-term effectiveness of PCS is investigated on patients' early and late postoperative photographs. Mean durations between operation and early and late postoperative photographic documentations were 1.28 +/- 06 (range 1-3) and 23.27 +/-7.84 (range 12-48) months, respectively. The measurement of the nasal tip projection by using Goode and Byrd-Hobar techniques were accomplished on the lateral view photographs. The Scion Image software program was utilized for numerical analysis. There was no statistically significant change in nasal tip projection on early and late postoperative periods. The Goode and Byrd-Hobar ratios were measured as 0.584 and 0.572 in preoperative photographs. There were statistical significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative results (p = 0.001 for Goode and p = 0.0001 for Byrd-Hobar). The mean Goode's ratio was 0.614 +/- 0.035 in the early postoperative period, and 0.616 +/- 0.035 in the late postoperative period. The mean Byrd-Hobar's ratio was 0.673 +/- 0.037 in the early postoperative period, and 0,668 +/- 0,039 in the late postoperative period (p = 0.336 for Goode, p = 0.374 for Byrd-Hobar). There was no projection loss in any of our cases after a two years follow-up period. According to these preliminary results on a limited number of patients, PCS seems to be a reliable and effective surgical method to create the desired nasal tip projection for a long time. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey. tamerdem@hotmail.com Erdem Tamer T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Male Photography Rhinoplasty methods Software Suture Techniques Treatment Outcome 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.152 10.4193/Rhin09.152 20502759 20502758 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology External nasal valve collapse - a case-control and interventional study employing a novel internal nasal dilator (Nasanita). 183-8 Nasal alar collapse is a common problem and difficult to assess and treat. In 10 healthy controls and 10 patients with alar collapse, the size of the external nasal valve was analyzed on standardized nasal base photographs during quiet breathing and forced inspiration. A novel internal nasal dilator (Nasanita, Siemens & Co, Germany) was employed to assess the effects of a therapeutic intervention. In addition, active anterior rhinomanometry was performed. During quiet breathing, the external nasal valves were significantly smaller in patients with alar collapse (0.3 +/- 0.08 cm2) than in controls (0.7 +/- 0.2 cm2; p < 0.001). In heal-thy controls, forced inspiration did not significantly alter the size of the external nasal valve (-1.8% +/- 27.5%; p = 0.84), whereas it significantly decreased the external valve area in patients with alar collapse (-42.1% +/- 26.4%; p = 0.001). The internal nasal dilator significantly increased external valve areas during quiet breathing and forced inspiration and completely abolished alar collapse. Nasal airflow at a transnasal pressure difference of 150 Pa was not correlated with external valve size. Nasal airflow increased significantly after inserting the internal nasal dilator to 1300 +/- 370 ml/s (p < 0.001) in controls and 1300 +/-300 ml/s (p < 0.01) in patients. A small sized external nasal valve appears to be a major causative factor of alar collapse. A novel internal nasal dilator effectively enlarged the external nasal valve, abolished alar collapse and improved nasal airflow. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicial University Innsbruck, Innbruck, Austria. herbert.riechelmann@i-med.ac.at Riechelmann H H Karow E E DiDio D D Kral F F eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Dilatation instrumentation Female Humans Intervention Studies Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity surgery Nasal Obstruction surgery Rhinomanometry Rhinoplasty instrumentation Treatment Outcome 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.121 10.4193/Rhin09.121 20502758 20502757 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A randomised prospective trial of trans-septal suturing using a novel device versus nasal packing for septoplasty. 179-82 Nasal packing or trans-septal sutures are used to prevent postoperative complications in septoplasty. Trans-septal suturing is not commonly used, since it takes time and is technically difficult with the available devices following septoplasty. This study included 64 patients who underwent septoplasty. Following septoplasty, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 had trans-septal sutures placed using a novel device and group 2 had the nose packed with a tampon. The duration of surgery, postoperative symptoms and complications were compared. All of the postoperative symptoms were significantly less in the group with trans-septal sutures. The mean duration of surgery was 34.9 minutes in the nasal packing group and 37.8 minutes in the trans-septal suture group, and the difference was significant (p = 0.026). No postoperative bleeding, submucoperichondrial haematomas, infections or abscesses occurred in any of the patients, whilst nasal perforation was observed in one patient in each group. Two (5.4%) patients in group 1 and one (3.7%) patient in group 2 had postoperative adhesions. We have developed a simple, inexpensive device for performing trans-septal suturing that is easy to use in the nasal cavity. We conclude that the use of continuous septal suturing with our device is an easy modification of the standard procedure, with only a small increase in operating time. Otolaryngology Department, Vakif Gureba Training And Research Hospital, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Korkut Arzu Y AY Teker Aysenur Meric AM Eren Sabri B SB Gedikli Orhan O Askiner Omer O eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chi-Square Distribution Equipment Design Female Hemostasis, Surgical instrumentation Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Prospective Studies Suture Techniques instrumentation Tampons, Surgical Treatment Outcome 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.098 10.4193/Rhin09.098 20502757 20502756 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Comparative study on the effectiveness of Coblation-assisted turbinoplasty in allergic rhinitis. 174-8 To evaluate the efficacy of adding Coblation-assisted inferior turbinoplasty to a medical treatment regimen for symptoms associated with hypertrophic inferior turbinates. Prospective, open-label, non-randomized trial with outpatient treatment. Patients were assigned to treatment groups in order of enrolment into the study. From June 2007 to June 2008, 220 patients with allergic rhinitis and hypertrophic inferior turbinates were enrolled and assigned into two groups: the surgical group who received radiofrequency thermal ablation inferior turbinoplasty and medical therapy, and the medical group who received medical therapy only. Groups were further divided into two allergen types based on antigen sensitivity: perennial and seasonal. Subjective complaints (nasal obstruction, itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing), clinical rhinoendoscopy and rhinomanometry tests results were recorded at the start of the study and 2 months post-treatment. Effect sizes for the mean improvements after treatment were tabulated for all groups. All study outcomes improved within all groups. Comparison between medical and surgical groups showed higher improvement in both perennial and seasonal, respectively, in nasal obstruction, sneezing, rhinomanometry, and rhinomanometry after NPT. Itching improved only in perennial allergen type. Rhinoendoscopy clinical score showed improvement in surgical group over medical group in both allergen types. Coblation-assisted turbinate reduction is a promising adjunct to medical therapy in patients with persistent symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis. Patients undergoing this surgery had greater reduction of symptoms than patients receiving medical therapy alone, where patients with perennial allergies appeared to benefit most. Department of Otorhinolaringology, S. Eugenio Hospital-Rome, Rome, Italy. ldirienzo@businco.net Di Rienzo Businco L L Di Rienzo Businco A A Lauriello M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Ablation Techniques methods Adult Chi-Square Distribution Endoscopy methods Female Humans Hyperostosis complications surgery Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Prospective Studies Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications surgery Rhinomanometry Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.149 10.4193/Rhin09.149 20502756 20502755 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Ultrasound submucosal inferior nasal turbinate reduction technique: histological study of wound healing in a sheep model. 169-73 AIM OF THE STUDY: To describe histological changes after application of an ultrasound tissue reduction (UTR) technique in a newly introduced sheep model to study inferior nasal turbinate mucosal wound healing. Materials and Methods: An experimental study in a sheep model. Stromal fibrosis, submucosal interstitial space volume (ISV), mucosal epithelial cell necrosis, mucosal inflammation and blood vessels' engorgement in inferior turbinate samples were assessed after application of UTR using hematoxylin/eosin staining in 12 turbinate samples after different time points. Histological grading was performed using a 4-point scale Results: After one week, extensive development of fibrosis (p = 0.006) and significant reduced stromal ISV (p < 0.001) compared to controls were observed. The degree of fibrosis and the stromal ISV remained constant during the 8-week period. The extensive epithelial cell necrosis observed at week 1, diminished later, so that at 8 weeks no significant difference with controls in the necrosis extent was noted. Significant reduction of engorgement of blood vessels in the submucosal layer was noted after 8 weeks (p = 0.008, compared with baseline). Mucosal inflammation, while pronounced at week 1 (p = 0.005, compared with baseline), was normalized at week 8. Conclusion: Due to the rapid induction of extensive fibrosis, to the limited inflammation reaction, to the moderate degree of epithelial necrosis, to the reduction of subepithelial ISV and the persistence of these features till week 8 at least, UTR emerges as an effective minimally invasive technique for inferior nasal turbinate volume reduction. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece. Nousia Christina C Gouveris Haralampos H Giatromanolaki Alexandra A Ypsilantis Petros P Katotomichelakis Michael M Watelet Jean-Baptiste JB Simopoulos Konstantinos K Danielides Vassilios V eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Analysis of Variance Animals Disease Models, Animal Female Fibrosis Sheep Statistics, Nonparametric Turbinates blood supply surgery ultrasonography Ultrasonic Therapy Wound Healing physiology 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.143 10.4193/Rhin09.143 20502755 20502754 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Impact of inferior turbinate hypertrophy on the aerodynamic pattern and physiological functions of the turbulent airflow - a CFD simulation model. 163-8 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nasal obstruction with enlargement of inferior turbinates on the aerodynamic flow pattern using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools including the effects of turbulence. A high-resolution 3-dimensional model of the nasal cavity was constructed from MRI scans of a healthy human subject using MIMICS 12.0 software. Nasal cavities corresponding to healthy, moderate and severe nasal obstructions were simulated by enlarging the inferior turbinate geometrically. Numerical simulations with turbulent flow models were implemented using FLUENTS for CFD simulations. In the healthy nose, the main respiratory air stream occurs mainly in the middle of the airway, accompanied by a diffused pattern of turbulent flow on the surface of the nasal mucosa. The peak value of turbulent flow is found in the functional nasal valve region. However, this aerodynamic flow pattern has partially or completely changed in the models with enlarged inferior turbinate. An inhalation flow rate of 34.8 L/min with a maximum velocity of 5.69 m/s, 7.39 m/s and 11.01 m/s are detected, respectively, in the healthy, moderately and severely obstructed noses. Both total negative pressure and maximum shear stress have increased by more than three and two times, respectively, in severely blocked noses compared to the healthy one. Data of this study provide quantitative and quantitative information of the impact of inferior turbinate hypertrophy on the aerodynamic pattern and physiological functions of nasal airflow. By including the model of turbulent airflow, the results of this experimental study will be more meaningful and useful in predicting the aerodynamic effects of surgical correction of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. National University of Singapore, Singapore. Chen Xiao Bing XB Lee Heow Pueh HP Chong Vincent Fook Hin VF Wang De Yun de Y eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Computer Simulation Humans Hyperostosis physiopathology Imaging, Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Models, Anatomic Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Rheology Turbinates physiopathology 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.093 10.4193/Rhin09.093 20502754 20502753 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Ambient cold air decreased nasal mucosa blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmeter. 160-2 With its potentially conflicting physiological roles of both air-conditioning and body-heat recovery, the response of nasal mucosa blood flow (NMBF) to ambient cold air is not well understood. To evaluate the NMBF in response to cold ambient air. The NMBF was continuously measured by laser Doppler flowmetry in nine participants exposed to different air temperatures (24 degrees C and 4 degrees C). The NMBF significantly decreased at 4 degrees C compared with that at 24 degrees C (p < 0.01). The response to ambient cold air in the nasal microcirculation is similar to that of the body-surface blood vessels, suggesting that body-heat recovery rather than air-conditioning is the predominant function. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Chu Yueng-Hsiang YH Lu Da-Wen DW Wang Hsing-Won HW eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cold Temperature Female Humans Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Male Microcirculation Nasal Mucosa blood supply Reference Values 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.122 10.4193/Rhin09.122 20502753 20502752 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory testing in clinical settings - is there additional benefit from unilateral testing? 156-9 In clinical settings, olfactory testing is usually performed bilaterally; thus, unilateral olfactory loss may go unnoticed. The aims of this study were to evaluate 1) whether patients presenting with self-reported olfactory disorders demonstrate significant side differences in odour perception, depending on the prevalance of measured unilateral disorder, and 2) to evaluate the existing testing procedure. In 518 patients presenting with olfactory disorders, olfactory testing was performed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery (consisting of a threshold, discrimination, and odour identification test) examining each nostril separately. According to the history and results from the clinical examination, olfactory disorders were classified as related to trauma, sinunasal disease, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), tumour, congenital, idiopathic, and other. A difference of three or more points in one of the subtests or six or more points in the composite olfactory test score was considered a side difference. In almost one quarter of all presenting patients (23.4%), a side difference was detected. To not to miss lateralized disorders, we recommend testing each nostril separately. Depending on the presence or absence of a significant difference, testing then can be continued birhinally or separately for each nostril. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. awelge@uhbs.ch Welge-Lüssen Antje A Gudziol Volker V Wolfensberger Markus M Hummel Thomas T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis of Variance Child Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis physiopathology Olfactory Perception physiology 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.156 10.4193/Rhin09.156 20502752 20502751 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery improves olfaction in nasal polyposis, a multi-center study. 150-5 A positive effect of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) as sole treatment on olfactory thresholds and sense of smell in patients with nasal polyposis has been questioned. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ESS has a positive effect on sense of smell and olfactory threshold in nasal polyposis. Uncontrolled post-hoc analysis of a prospective study of 160 patients, > or = 18 years, with bilateral nasal polyps that underwent ESS to treat bilateral nasal polyposis. The effect of ESS was assessed with an olfactory threshold test, a diary score and a smell and taste score, pre-, and post-ESS. All three effect measures were improved from pre-ESS to post-ESS. Olfactory threshold increased from 0.0 pre-ESS to 3.0 (p < 0.001), two weeks after surgery, and the smell diary score decreased from 3.0 to 1.7 during the same period (p < 0.001), i.e. improvement. The smell and taste score increased from 1.0 pre-ESS to 2.0 post-ESS (p = 0.002). Overall, the results were similar for patients with and without previous surgery, as well as for men and women. ESS without concomitant medical therapy seems to improve both sense of smell and olfactory thresholds in patients with nasal polyposis in the short term. Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sockholm, Sweden. petter.olsson@ki.se Olsson Petter P Stjärne Pär P eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications surgery Olfaction Disorders etiology surgery Olfactory Perception Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Prospective Studies Sensory Thresholds Smell Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.097 10.4193/Rhin09.097 20502751 20502750 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A benign maxillary tumour with malignant features. 146-9 Non-specific biopsy results such as chronic inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis can be frustrating to the clinician. This is especially true if the patient presents with clinical features suggestive of an aggressive tumour. This is a review of the clinical features, diagnostic dilemmas and surgical management of a benign maxillary mass with malignant features - a disease called hematoma-like mass of the maxillary sinus (HLMMS). Our experience with five cases will also be cited. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines. chitricalde@yahoo.com Ricalde Rosario R RR Lim Aimee Caroline E AC Lopa Ramon Antonio B RA Carnate Jose M JM Jr eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Biopsy Diagnosis, Differential Female Hematoma pathology radiography surgery Humans Male Maxillary Neoplasms pathology radiography surgery Middle Aged Tomography, X-Ray Computed 10 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.046 10.4193/Rhin09.046 20502750 20502749 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A review of the implications of computational fluid dynamic studies on nasal airflow and physiology. 139-45 Computational fluid dynamics has been adapted to studying nasal aerodynamics. To review current literature on CFD studies, with an emphasis on normal nasal airflow, the impact of sinonasal pathology on airflow, and implications on nasal physiology. The objective is to provide the rhinologists with a greater understanding of nasal airflow and how symptomatology of sinonasal disease may be explained via CFD simulations. The nasal valve region redirects inspiratory airstreams over the inferior turbinate in a high turbulent kinetic energy, which is important in heat and moisture exchange. The bulk of airflow occurs in the common meatus with small streams traversing the olfactory groove, increasing during sniffing. Septal deviation and enlarged inferior turbinate causes redistribution of airflow, changes in intranasal pressure and increased turbulence. High velocity airflow and wall shear stress at the septal perforation causes desiccation and mucosal damage. The airflow within an atrophic nasal cavity is predominantly laminar with minimal contact with nasal mucosa. The inferior turbinate is an important organ for air conditioning and preservation during surgery is highlighted. Despite some limitations of CFD simulations, this technology has improved understanding of the complex nasal anatomy and the implications of disease and surgery on physiology. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK. Leong S C SC Chen X B XB Lee H P HP Wang D Y DY eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Computational Biology Humans Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nasal Septum physiopathology Nose Diseases physiopathology Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Rheology Turbinates physiopathology 51 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.133 10.4193/Rhin09.133 20502749 20502748 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology What we do not know about olfaction. Part 1: from nostril to receptor. 131-8 The sense of smell is still mysterious in many ways, despite the advances of the past few years. This review gives a broad overview of the state of the field by examining each step of the process of signal transduction from odorant to brain. Each subject section was searched individually in Pubmed, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar as well as materials known to the author. The results are sequentially presented in order of anatomical progression of the signal. The review finds many surprising and interesting theories, facts and methods worthy of further research. Rhinology Laboratory, Royal National, Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK. simongane@gmail.com Gane Simon S eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Receptors, Odorant IM Humans Olfactory Pathways physiology Olfactory Perception physiology Receptors, Odorant physiology Signal Transduction Smell physiology 79 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 09.068 10.4193/Rhin09.068 20502748 20502747 2010 05 26 2010 08 13

0300-0729 48 2 2010 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Never too early to examine the evidence! 129-30 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy methods Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Skull Base Neoplasms diagnosis surgery 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 5 27 6 0 2010 8 14 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 20502747 21442085 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Orbital and intracranial complications after acute rhinosinusitis. 457-61 Nowadays, intracranial abscess is a rare complication of acute rhinosinusitis. The consequent orbital and intracranial complications of acute rhinosinusitis are rare but must be mutually excluded in complicated rhinosinusitis even when proper surgical and medical treatment tend to efficiently heal the orbital complication. We report a case of a patient who primarily revealed symptoms of orbitocellulitis as a complication of odontogenous rhinosinusitis. Proper diagnostic and therapeutical measures were undertaken to manage the disease immediately after stationary admission. Two weeks after an inconspicuous healing period, hemiparesis due to formation of an intracranial abscess developed. An emergent situation reveals which was unusual to the clinical situation. The possible role of underlying mechanisms of intracranial abscess formation is discussed and review of literature concerning orbital and intracranial rhinosinusitis complications is performed. The correct indication of imaging methods and accurate evaluation of diminutive symptoms are essential. We assume that performance of a complementary CT of the brain or MRI even when previous CT scan of the orbit/paranasal sinuses reveals no cerebral pathology should be done to avoid or minimize future patients with consecutive orbital and intracranial complications of acute rhinosinusitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Motol, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. jkastner@email.cz Kastner Jan J Taudy Milos M Lisy Jiri J Grabec Paul P Betka Jan J eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Acute Disease Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage adverse effects Brain Abscess diagnosis etiology Drug Therapy, Combination Endoscopy Female Focal Infection, Dental complications diagnosis pathology physiopathology therapy Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maxillary Sinus pathology surgery Orbital Cellulitis diagnosis etiology pathology physiopathology therapy Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Postoperative Complications Rhinitis diagnosis etiology pathology physiopathology therapy Sinusitis diagnosis etiology pathology physiopathology therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442085 21442084 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Preservation of the nasolacrimal duct during endoscopic medial maxillectomy for sinonasal inverted papilloma. 452-6 To assess the efficacy of a new endonasal medial maxillectomy technique (EMM) for the treatment of inverted papilloma (IP). METHODOLOGIES: A prospective series of 55 consecutive patients diagnosed with IP between March 2002 and April 2009 were entered into this study. The new surgical technique was applied to tumors arising from the anterior part of the maxillary sinus. After conventional EMM, the entire nasolacrimal duct was separated from the bony component of the nasolacrimal canal and preserved. Schirmer`s test and a visual analog scale (VAS) score were used to assess the lacrimal duct function after surgery. Ten of the 55 patients underwent the new surgical procedure. All patients were categorized with stage T3 or T4 tumors. No patients suffered tumor recurrence. There was no difference in lacrimal duct function between the diseased side and healthy side of the nasolacrimal duct. The mean VAS score was 2.8/100. This new surgical technique preserves the whole length of the nasolacrimal unit. It also offers several advantages including good visualization, nasolacrimal function after surgery and fewer adverse effects such as facial numbness and epiphora. Department of Otolaryngologyand Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. Nakamaru Yuji Y Furuta Yasushi Y Takagi Dai D Oridate Nobuhiko N Fukuda Satoshi S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy Female Humans Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases etiology Male Maxillary Sinus pathology surgery Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis pathology physiopathology surgery Middle Aged Nasolacrimal Duct pathology physiopathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects methods rehabilitation standards Pain Measurement Papilloma, Inverted diagnosis pathology physiopathology surgery Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Recovery of Function Treatment Outcome 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442084 21442083 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Symptom score questionnaire for nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults--a novel tool to assess the outcome after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. 446-51 The incidence of nasolacrimal pathway obstruction increases with age, and dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a commonly applied surgical technique to treat severe cases. However, no disease-specific tools to assess the symptoms and the subjective outcome after DCR have been established. We have developed a specific Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Symptom Score (NLDO-SS) questionnaire to evaluate the outcome, and tested it in a prospective clinical trial. Prospective clinical follow-up study. Sixty-eight consecutive primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) procedures were performed in 64 patients during 2004-2008. Preoperatively and during the three follow-up visits (at 1 week, 2 and 6 months), the patients filled in the NLDO-SS, and at the second and third follow-up visits they also filled in the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire. At one year after the operation, a GBI questionnaire was sent to the patients. The surgical success rate of EN-DCR was 93 %. EN-DCR resulted in a significant reduction in all of the eight symptoms scores of the NLDO-SS (p= 0.001). The GBI scores indicated a significant benefit at 2 months (+37 (SD; 28) and an even higher benefit at 6 months after surgery (+52 (SD; 29), p= 0.001), but no further improvement was found between 6 and 12 months (+52 vs +52, p= 1.0). The correlation between the total GBI and NLDO-SS was significant (p=0.001). EN-DCR significantly improves the quality of life as measured by the GBI. The NLDO-SS correlated with the GBI and gave more information about the benefits after EN-DCR than GBI alone. The NLDO-SS proved to be an effective tool to evaluate lacrimal obstructions and EN-DCR benefits. Further studies to validate NLDO-SS are needed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, and University of Eastern Finland, Finland. Smirnov Grigori G Tuomilehto Henri H Kokki Hannu H Kemppainen Tatu T Kiviniemi Vesa V Nuutinen Juhani J Kaarniranta Kai K Seppa Juha J eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Age Factors Aged Dacryocystorhinostomy Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Lacrimal Duct Obstruction diagnosis pathology physiopathology surgery Male Middle Aged Monitoring, Physiologic standards Nasolacrimal Duct pathology physiopathology surgery Patient Satisfaction statistics & numerical data Perioperative Period standards Prospective Studies Quality Assurance, Health Care methods Questionnaires Severity of Illness Index Sickness Impact Profile Treatment Outcome 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442083 21442082 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Morphometric evaluation of the sphenopalatine foramen for endonasal surgery. 441-5 Ligation of the sphenopalatine artery is used to treat severe nasal haemorrhage. Despite the high rates of success reported, errors and complications may occur in locating the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) through which the vasculonervous structures penetrate the nasal cavity. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the numerical variation of the SPF, its relation to the ethmoid bone crista of the palatine bone in the lateral nasal wall, its distance from the anterior nasal spine and the angle between this distance and the anterior nasal floor. Anatomical study. Setting: Regional tertiary reference center. MATERIAL AND INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-four hemiskulls were submitted to anatomical study and measurements were made on more than 12 dissected hemiskulls using the Image Tool 3.0 software. Results: The SPF was single in 87% of the specimens, and more than one orifice was present in 13%. In most specimens it was possible to establish a relation with the ethmoid crista, which is a surgical reference for the SPF location. The mean values of the measurements were significantly higher in the hemifaces than in the hemiskulls, ranging from 54 to 63 mm, and angulation ranged from 20 to 32 degrees. The study demonstrated that in most specimens studied the SPF was single and located in the superior nasal meatus. The distances measured suggest that these values can be used as distance references for the use of the endoscope for ligation or endonasal cauterization of the branches of the sphenopalatine artery, preventing possible errors and complications. Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paul, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Antunes Scanavini Adriana B AB Navarro J A C JA Megale Silvia R M C SR Lima Ronaldo S RS Anselmo-Lima Wilma T WT eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Analysis of Variance Anatomy, Cross-Sectional Anatomy, Regional methods Arteries surgery Epistaxis pathology surgery Ethmoid Bone anatomy & histology surgery Female Humans Image Cytometry Male Nasal Cavity blood supply pathology surgery Palate, Hard anatomy & histology surgery Regional Blood Flow Sphenoid Bone anatomy & histology surgery 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442082 21442081 2011 04 07 2011 07 26 2011 12 12

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of smoking on physiological decongestion of the nasal mucosa in human. 438-40 Exercise is known to decongest the nasal mucosa which results in increased nasal patency. In a recent study it was suggested that smoking might influence the effect of exercise on the nasal mucosa. This implies that smoking may cause neurological damage to the normal nasal physiology, which has not previously been shown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in nasal mucosal reaction to exercise between smokers and non-smokers. Forty-two smokers and non-smokers underwent acoustic rhinometry to register nasal geometry before and after cycling on an ergometer cycle. A structured interview was used for questions about smoking habits and airway symptoms. Both smokers and non-smokers had a significant increase in MCA (minimal cross-section area) and total nasal volume after exercise. There was no statistical significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. Smoking does not seem to affect the normal physiological decongestion of the nasal mucosa after exercise. Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden. Thorold H H Thorvold H H Bende M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):457 Thorvold, H [corrected to Thorold, H] Adult Aged Exercise Test Female Humans Inhalation physiology Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology physiology Nasal Mucosa physiology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis epidemiology physiopathology Prevalence Questionnaires Rhinometry, Acoustic Smoking adverse effects physiopathology Sweden epidemiology 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442081 21442080 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The microbiology and the efficacy of antibiotic-based medical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in Singapore. 433-7 Medical therapy including appropriate antibiotic treatment is advocated for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with sinus surgery reserved for treatment failures. This study investigates the microbiology of CRS and their response to culture-directed antibiotic treatment. Sinus aspirates of mucopus from 172 consecutive CRS patients, with (n=89) and without (n=83) previous antibiotic treatment, were obtained for bacterial culture at their first visit. Medical treatment which included initial empirical and subsequent culture-directed antibiotics was instituted. Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was performed for patients with persistent CRS and/or complications of CRS. A follow-up of 12 months was scheduled for all patients. One hundred and twenty (69.8%) patients were treated successfully by with antibiotic-based medical therapy. Thirty-eight patients (22.1%) did not respond to medical treatment and eventually underwent FESS. The incidence of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) was higher in FESS group (n=13, 34.2%) than patients with medical treatment only (n=9, 6.7%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (n=43, 25%) and amongst patients with no prior antibiotic treatment, the incidence was higher in patients with CRSwNP (n=8, 53 %) than CRS without NP (CRSwoNP) (n=20, 27%). The rate of sensitivity of the cultured microbes to amoxicillin with clavulanate and cephalosporins was 78% and 70%, respectively. The microbiology of CRS in Singapore is described. Staphylococcus aureus appears to be the most common bacterial isolates in both CRS with and without nasal polyps. Medical treatment with CRS using culture-directed antibiotics is effective in the majority of patients, especially in patients without nasal polyps. Department of Oorhinolaryngology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. drdavidchin@gmail.com Chin C W D CW Yeak C L S CL Wang D Y DY eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Child Chronic Disease Empirical Research Endoscopy Female Humans Incidence Male Microbial Sensitivity Tests Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications epidemiology pathology Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Paranasal Sinuses microbiology pathology Rhinitis complications epidemiology microbiology pathology physiopathology therapy Singapore epidemiology Sinusitis complications epidemiology microbiology pathology physiopathology therapy Staphylococcus aureus drug effects isolation & purification pathogenicity Treatment Outcome 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442080 21442079 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal obstruction and smell impairment in nasal polyp disease: correlation between objective and subjective parameters. 426-32 Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (NP) represents an invalidating disorder that causes mainly nasal blockage and loss of smell. The aim of this study is to investigate correlations between individual subjective and objective parameters of stable NP disease. 65 NP patients scored their sinonasal symptoms on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and questionnaires (SNOT-22 and SF-36). Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurement, Sniffinatm Sticks (SS) smell test, blood analysis for eosinophilia, total IgE and culture for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) were performed. VAS scores for nasal blockage correlated with the SNOT-22 and SF-36 scores, which was not observed for VAS of other symptoms. VAS scores for nasal blockage correlated well with PNIF values as well as VAS scores for smell dysfunction and SS results (both p<0.001). NP size correlated with VAS scores for nasal blockage (p<0.01) but not with VAS for other symptoms. NP size showed an inverse correlation with PNIF and SS scores (both p<0.05). Blood eosinophilia correlated with subjective smell reduction (p<0.05). The presence of SA or total IgE levels were not associated with symptoms of NP disease. PNIF and SS are good tools to evaluate symptoms of nasal obstruction and smell reduction in NP disease. Nasal blockage is the only symptom that correlates well with NP size and SNOT-22 scores, whereas smell reduction correlates with blood eosinophilia. Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium. Hox V V Bobic S S Callebaux I I Jorissen M M Hellings P W PW eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenal Cortex Hormones 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents IM Administration, Intranasal Adrenal Cortex Hormones administration & dosage adverse effects Adult Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage adverse effects Chronic Disease Cross-Sectional Studies Eosinophilia etiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology physiopathology Nasal Polyps complications physiopathology Pain Measurement Patient Satisfaction Questionnaires Rhinitis complications drug therapy microbiology physiopathology Severity of Illness Index Sinusitis complications drug therapy microbiology physiopathology Smell drug effects Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442079 21442078 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Comparative clinical and airway inflammatory features of asthmatics with or without polyps. 420-5 Nasal polyposis (NP) is associated with a more severe and steroid-resistant asthma. To compare clinical and airway inflammatory features of asthmatics with or without NP. Two groups of asthmatic patients were studied: group 1; n=39, with NP; group 2; n=40, without NP. Asthma control was assessed according to the Asthma Control Scoring System (ACSS). Expiratory flows, induced sputum, and blood eosinophils were also measured. ACSS score was lower (poorer control) in group 1 (meanA+-SEM = 73A+-3%) compared with group 2 (82A+-2%, p=0.01). FEV1 (mean of predicted value A+- SEM) was 81A+-3 for group 1 and 96A+-3 for group 2 (p=0.001), and the FEV1/FVC ratio was lower in group 1 (70A+-2%) compared with group 2 (76A+-1%, p=0.01). Blood and induced sputum eosinophils, as well as fibronectin and eosinophil cationic protein levels, were higher in group 1. Asthmatic subjects with NP have increased airway obstruction, increased inflammatory cells and reduced asthma control compared to those without NP. This may suggest a contribution of nasal polyps to the severity of asthma or a common susceptibility to develop upper and lower airways mucosal inflammation. Centre de Recherche de l'Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Québec, Canada. Bilodeau Lara L Boulay Marie-Eve ME Prince Philippe P Boisvert Pierre P Boulet Louis-Philippe LP eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Asthmatic Agents 0 Fibronectins EC 3.1.27.- Eosinophil Cationic Protein IM Adolescent Adult Airway Obstruction drug therapy etiology metabolism pathology physiopathology Anti-Asthmatic Agents therapeutic use Asthma complications diagnosis drug therapy metabolism physiopathology Disease Progression Drug Resistance Eosinophil Cationic Protein metabolism Eosinophils metabolism Female Fibronectins metabolism Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications diagnosis metabolism physiopathology Respiratory Mucosa drug effects pathology secretion Severity of Illness Index Skin Tests Spirometry Sputum drug effects secretion 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442078 21442077 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Inflammatory cytokines gene expression in bone tissue from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis- a preliminary study. 415-9 It is unclear whether mucosal inflammation has an effect on the bone under the mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was evaluation of inflammatory cytokines genes expression in bone tissue taken from the patients who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS. A total group of a consecutive 49 patients with diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis based on EPOS 2007 criteria undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS were enrolled in the study. Based on histopathologic findings of the mucosal and bone tissues we evaluated the rate of inflammation. Expression of target genes: interleukin 1β (IL1β), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 11 (IL11), tumor growth factor β (TGF β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) were analysed by real-time PCR method in samples of the ethmoid bone taken during endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS. Based on histopathological findings in the studied population we found symptoms of osteitis in 5 patients. In the studied population we found significant differences between patients with osteitis and without osteitis with respect to IL6 gene expression in bone tissue (p=0.0003), IL11 gene expression (p=0.02) and TNFα gene expression in bone tissue (p=0.0035). In our study we have demonstrated that in some patients with CRS and coexisting symptoms of osteitis some inflammatory markers genes expression are increased in this population. Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. Tuszynska A A Krzeski A A Postuba M M Paczek L L Wyczalkowska-Tomasik A A Gornicka B B Pykalo R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Genetic Markers 0 Interleukin-11 0 Interleukin-6 0 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Endoscopy Ethmoid Bone metabolism pathology Female Gene Expression Genetic Markers Humans Interleukin-11 genetics Interleukin-6 genetics Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism pathology Osteitis etiology genetics pathology Rhinitis complications metabolism pathology physiopathology surgery Sinusitis complications metabolism pathology physiopathology surgery Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442077 21442076 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology NF-kappaB expression predicts clinical outcome for nasal polyposis. 408-41 To correlate clinical prognosis to the expression of p65, c-Fos, GRalpha and GRbeta in patients with nasal polyps. A biopsy was obtained at the first evaluation for patients with nasal polyps (20), and at rhinoplasty for control mucosa (8). Patients with nasal polyps were treated with glucocorticoids and followed for at least 30 months. The expression of each gene (p65, c-Fos, GRalpha and GRbeta) was determined by Real Time-PCR and correlated to clinical outcome. The indication for surgery was considered the end-point of resistance to glucocorticoid therapy. Patients with nasal polyps presented a higher expression of p65 (P<0.05), and a lower expression of GRalpha (P<0.0001), and of GRalpha/GRbeta relation (P<0.0001) than controls. The nasal polyps patients with higher expression of p65 correlated with a poorer response to glucocorticoids (P<0.05), with a four-fold higher risk for surgery to control symptoms. Patients with nasal polyps presented higher gene expression of p65, and a reduced expression of GRalpha and of GRalpha/GRbeta relation than controls. Higher p65 (NFkappaB) expression at diagnosis was also associated to a worst response to medical treatment, suggesting this could be considered as one mechanism of cell resistance to glucocorticoid treatment in patients with nasal polyps. Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Valera F Cardoso Pereira FC Scrideli C C Queinoz R R Gonzaiga Tone L L Anselmo-Lima W T WT eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 0 NF-kappa B 0 Receptors, Glucocorticoid 0 Transcription Factor RelA 0 glucocorticoid receptor alpha 0 glucocorticoid receptor beta IM Adolescent Adult Drug Resistance genetics Female Gene Expression Genes, fos physiology Glucocorticoids therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged NF-kappa B metabolism Nasal Polyps genetics pathology physiopathology therapy Receptors, Glucocorticoid metabolism Transcription Factor RelA metabolism Treatment Outcome 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442076 21442075 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of freshly isolated human nasal epithelial cells concomitant with abrogation of IL-8 production. 401-7 Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) are the first line of immune defense and are able to produce mediators that recruit, activate and prolong survival of immune cells, among which IL-8 takes an important place. Studies on IL-8 and effects of dexamethasone on hNECs have been hampered by methodological shortcomings. The purpose of the study is to investigate the contribution of freshly isolated hNECs to IL-8 production in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwithNP). Secondly, the effects of dexamethasone treatment on hNEC apoptosis and IL-8 production are investigated. hNECs were freshly isolated from nasal polyp tissue and healthy inferior turbinate of NP patients (n=12) and from inferior turbinates of healthy donors (n=19) by protease treatment and two negative selection procedures. hNECs were incubated with IL-1β (10ng/ml), TNFα (10ng/ml) or dexamethasone (10, 100 and 1000 Amicrog/ml). After 24h, IL-8 levels were determined in the supernatants by ELISA. Finally, hNECs were incubated with increasing doses of dexamethasone and stained with trypan-blue and annexin-FITC/PI to study apoptosis. hNECs isolated from nasal turbinates of healthy and NP patients and polyp tissue from NP patients produced similar levels of IL-8. IL-1β induced higher levels of IL-8 production in all types of hNECs without differences between control and NP tissue. Dexamethasone induced apoptosis of hNECs concomitant with abrogation of IL-8 production by hNECs. IL-8 production by human nasal epithelial cells does not differ between NP and healthy tissue under baseline nor stimulatory conditions. Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of hNECs and abrogates IL-8 production. Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Catholic University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium. Bobic S S van Drunen C M CM Callebaut I I Hox V V Jorissen M M Fokkens W J WJ Hellings P W PW eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Interleukin-8 0 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha 50-02-2 Dexamethasone IM Apoptosis drug effects immunology Cell Culture Techniques methods Cells, Cultured Dexamethasone pharmacology Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic Epithelial Cells drug effects metabolism pathology Glucocorticoids pharmacology Humans Incubators Interleukin-8 metabolism Nasal Mucosa drug effects metabolism pathology Nasal Polyps metabolism pathology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442075 21442074 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Aerodynamic effects of inferior turbinate surgery on nasal airflow--a computational fluid dynamics model. 394-400 Turbinate reduction surgery may be indicated for inferior turbinate enlargement when conservative treatment fails. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inferior turbinate surgery on nasal aerodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. CFD simulations were performed for the normal nose, enlarged inferior turbinate and following three surgical procedures: (1) resection of the lower third free edge of the inferior turbinate, (2) excision of the head of the inferior turbinate and (3) radical inferior turbinate resection. The models were constructed from MRI scans of a healthy human subject and a turbulent flow model was used for the numerical simulation. The consequences of the three turbinate surgeries were compared with originally healthy nasal model as well as the one with severe nasal obstruction. In the normal nose, the bulk of streamlines traversed the common meatus adjacent to the inferior and middle turbinate in a relatively vortex free flow. When the inferior turbinate was enlarged, the streamlines were directed superiorly at higher velocity and increased wall shear stress in the nasopharynx. Of the three surgical techniques simulated, wall shear stress and intranasal pressures achieved near-normal levels after resection of the lower third. In addition, airflow streamlines and turbulence improved although it did not return to normal conditions. As expected, radical turbinate resection resulted in intra-nasal aerodynamics of atrophic rhinitis demonstrated in previous CFD studies. There is little evidence that inspired air is appropriately conditioned following radical turbinate surgery. Partial reduction of the hypertropic turbinate results in improved nasal aerodynamics, which was most evident following resection of the lower third. The results were based on a single individual and cannot be generalised without similar studies in other subjects. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. National University of Singapore, Singapore. Chen X B XB Leong S C SC Lee H P HP Chong V F H VF Wang D Y DY eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Computer Simulation Humans Hydrodynamics Inhalation Magnetic Resonance Imaging Models, Anatomic Models, Theoretical Nasal Obstruction diagnosis pathology physiopathology surgery Rheology methods Turbinates pathology physiopathology surgery 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442074 21442073 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The use of objective measures in selecting patients for septal surgery. 387-93 To improve results in septal surgery patient selection is the mainstay of a successful outcome. Patient history is the basis as well as clinical examination but both are subjective and must be considered towards a background with a high frequency of septal deviation in the population and a lack of good correlation between function and status. Rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry as well as nasal peak inspiratory flow are tests of different nasal parameters as resistance to breathing, nasal dimensions and flow. This article illuminates the use of these more objective tests in selection of patients for septo plasty. Objective tests have in several studies shown to predict postoperative satisfaction while normal values can be a marker for a poor surgical outcome. Pros and cons with objective tests are discussed and the conclusion is: operate when there is a good correlation between the patientA`s status, history and the results of rhinometry! Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, S-753 19 Uppsala, Sweden. mats.holmstrom@surgsci.uu.se Holmstrom Mats M eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnosis, Differential Humans Inhalation Medical History Taking Nasal Obstruction diagnosis pathology physiopathology surgery Nasal Septum pathology physiopathology surgery Patient Satisfaction Patient Selection Physical Examination methods Rhinomanometry standards Rhinometry, Acoustic standards Treatment Outcome 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442073 21442072 2011 04 07 2011 07 26

0300-0729 48 4 2010 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Rhinology Journal: where are we going? 385-6 Lund Valerie V Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diffusion of Innovation Humans Organizational Innovation Otolaryngology Public Opinion Publishing economics standards trends Questionnaires 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 3 29 6 0 2011 7 27 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 21442072 19839261 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal reconstruction in advanced sinunasal sarcoidosis. 327-9 Sarcoidosis can lead to devastating nasal deformities and impairment of nasal respiratory function. There is only very little published experience with nasal reconstruction in this disease entity. In general, a cautious attitude prevails out of fear of complications or failure due to the underlying granulomatous inflammation. A 57-year-old lady presented to our institution with a 20-year history of sarcoidosis with sinunasal involvement. The findings included a saddle nose deformity, absent nasal septum and conchae, left-sided alar collapse and cutaneous involvement of the nasal tip with discoloration. In a first procedure, we performed a reconstructive nasal surgery with porous polyethylene grafts. In a second procedure, we used a paramedian forehead flap for a partial nasal reconstruction. The functional and asthetic improvement was very satisfactory for the patient during the 2-year follow-up period. This is the first reported use of a forehead flap in nasal sarcoidosis. It demonstrates that major reconstructive nasal surgery and implantation of porous polyethylene grafts can successfully be performed in patients with sinonasal sarcoidosis during remission. Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. rguerkov@med.uni-muenchen.de Gürkov R R Berghaus A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Middle Aged Nose Diseases surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Rhinoplasty methods Sarcoidosis surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839261 19839260 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Synchronous myeloproliferative and inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: an interesting differential diagnostic problem. 323-6 The authors present a case of synchronous manifestation of a myeloproliferative--extramedullary plasmocytoma--and a chronic inflammatory disease of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. They emphasise the importance of imaging techniques and immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis. They discuss on the basis of published articles the new classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutical approaches of this tumour belonging to the group of monoclonal gammopathies, which originates from an abnormal proliferation of mature B-lymphocytes, and is a rarity in the literature even nowadays. University of Szeged, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Szeged, Hungary. office@orl.szote.u-szeged.hu László Iván I Gábor Vass V Zsolt Bella B László Tiszlavicz T József Jóri J eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Inflammation pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Aged Myeloproliferative Disorders diagnosis radiotherapy Nose Diseases diagnosis radiotherapy Nose Neoplasms diagnosis Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis radiotherapy Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis Plasmacytoma diagnosis Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839260 19839259 2009 10 20 2009 12 14 2010 01 25

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Septal mucoperiosteal flap for the repair of unilateral choanal atresia. 320-2 The authors present a new modality of endoscopic repair for unilateral choanal atresia. A 14-year old girl complained of right-sided nasal obstruction. Endoscopy and CT scans showed unilateral bony choanal atresia. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery. A mucoperiosteal flap at the posterior part of the septum in the left, healthy nasal cavity was fashioned and the denuded part of the septum was removed. The atretic choanae was resected and a unified posterior nasal opening was formed. The flap was spread over the posterior septal edge and adjusted to the opposite septal side. One-year follow-up of the patient showed no stenosis of the choanae. Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Mladina Ranko R Prstacić Ratko R Prstasić Ratko R Vuković Katarina K Skitarelić Neven N eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2009 Dec;47(4):338 Prstasić, Ranko [corrected to Prstacić, Ratko] Adolescent Choanal Atresia surgery Endoscopy Female Humans Nasal Septum surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Surgical Flaps 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839259 19839258 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A rare case of oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma with intradural and intraorbital extension with notes of operative techniques. 316-9 Epithelial cells of cylindrical cell papilloma are oncocytes, which arise from the sinonasal respiratory epithelium, hence the term Oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma.This is a rare and benign neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses and it should be considered in the work-up of all unilateral nasal polypoid lesions. Clinically behaviour is comparable to inverted papillomas for local recurrence and malignancy coexistence. We report a case arisen from the nasoethmoidal space that extended to the anterior skull base through a bone dehiscence with intradural invasion and orbital space involvement. Surgical therapy is the treatment of choice, the endonasal endoscopic approach can be used in most of the cases and this surgical technique is safe and suitable also in presence of an extra nasal extension. We describe our experience for management of this kind of lesions and some notes on our operative technique. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Insubria, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy Bignami Maurizio M Pistochini Andrea A Meloni Francesco F Delehaye Emilio E Castelnuovo Paolo P eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nasal Mucosa pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Oxyphil Cells pathology Papilloma pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology surgery 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839258 19839257 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Mechanical endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy--a reproducible technique. 310-5 A study to assess the efficacy and patient acceptability of Mechanical Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (MENDCR) in patients with acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A retrospective series of 38 patients undergoing 37 primary and 7 revision MENDCR's between March 2003 and October 2007. Patients included had symptomatic epiphora with anatomical obstruction on syringing or functional obstruction on scintillography. Short-term follow up was assessed subjectively and objectively by anatomical patency on nasoendoscopy and free flow of fluorescein from eye to nose. Medium term follow up was assessed subjectively by telephone conversation with the patient. The average follow up period was 25.2 months (range 7-50). There were 44 DCR's performed on 38 patients (12 male, 26female). Average patient age was 67.0years (range 16.6-97.5). Almost all patients (95%) presented with epiphora, and a further 34% with dacryocystitis and/or mucocele. At short term follow up 40/44 (91%) were successful objectively. Of two that failed, neither had a patent ostium and one had recurrent mucocele. Both went on to revision surgery, which was successful at later review. A further two had visible ostia but no free flow of fluorescein. At long term follow up 90% were happy with the procedure and would undergo surgery again. All failures occurred by 3-month follow up. The technique of nMENDCR is a reproducible technique with results comparable to the original authors. MENDCR is an acceptable alternative to external DCR. It is well tolerated by patients most of whom were satisfied and would undergo the same procedure again. Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, United Kingdom. neil.tan@gmail.com Tan Neil C NC Rajapaksa Suresh P SP Gaynor James J Nair Salil B SB eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Dacryocystorhinostomy methods Endoscopy Female Humans Lacrimal Duct Obstruction surgery Male Middle Aged Nasolacrimal Duct surgery Retrospective Studies Young Adult 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839257 19839256 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery for the odontogenic maxillary cysts. 305-9 To evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of transnasal endoscopic surgery for the treatment of odontogenic maxillary cysts. Between February 2003 and February 2008, transnasal endoscopic surgery was performed under general anesthesia in 13 patients (male 6 and female 7, 19 to 75 years old) with odontogenic maxillary cysts that extended to the maxillary sinus. Ten patients had a radicular cyst and three patients had a dentigerous cyst. After the resection of anterior edge of the inferior turbinate, the lateral wall of the inferior nasal meatus was opened. Then, the cyst wall of the maxillary sinus was partially or completely removed under the endoscope. The cyst walls were completely removed in five often patients with a radicular cyst and in all three patients with a dentigerous cyst. Five patients with a radicular cyst received partial resection of the cyst wall. The affected teeth could be preserved in seven of ten patients with a radicular cyst and in one of three patients with a dentigerous cyst. There were no complications, and postoperative courses were uneventful. Follow-up period ranged from 11 to 72 months (mean 42 months), and no recurrence has been noted in any of the cases. Endoscopic transnasal surgery for the odontogenic maxillary cyst is less invasive than conventional dental approach, and most of the affected teeth can be preserved. This technique appears to be a simple and highly effective surgical treatment for the treatment of patients with odontogenic cysts that extend to the maxillary sinus. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. senosato@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp Seno Satoshi S Ogawal Takao T Shibayama Masayuki M Ogawa Fumio F Fukui Jun J Owaki Shigehiro S Suzuki Mikio M Shimizu Takeshi T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Cysts surgery Dentigerous Cyst surgery Endoscopy Female Humans Male Maxillary Diseases surgery Middle Aged Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Radicular Cyst surgery Young Adult 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839256 19839255 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopically assisted reduction of nasal bone fractures. 301-4 The standard treatment for a nasal bone fracture is closed reduction within 10 days. After that time, callus and fibrous connective tissue will limit a precise reduction. This study evaluated endoscopically assisted reduction for the treatment of nasal bone fractures in patients who miss the optimal operating time. Fifteen patients underwent endoscopically assisted correction of nasal bone fractures. The surgery was performed with the patients under general anesthesia. An intercartilaginous incision was made. The depressed bony fragments were repositioned under endoscopic visualization. In all cases, good anatomic reduction was obtained, the postoperative course was uneventful, with no complications, and the patients were satisfied with the shape of their noses. Endoscopy appears to be the best tool for visualizing intraoperative repositioning control, enabling the surgeon to confirm a fracture site with callus and to perform an accurate reduction. Endoscopically assisted reduction provides an alternative option in the treatment of patients outside the optimal temporal window for surgery. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Skeleton Bio Institute, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea. hlpch@paran.com Park Chan Hum CH Kwon Tec Keun TK Lee Jun Ho JH Hong Sung Ju SJ Joung Ho Hoon HH Kim Hyung Seob HS eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Endoscopy Female Fractures, Bone radiography surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Bone injuries radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Young Adult 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839255 19839254 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The use of fibrin sealant as a glue for septoplasty and conchotomy. 297-300 The aim of our study was to investigate glue properties of a fibrin sealant in cases of septoplasty and conchotomy. Double-blind prospective randomized study. A study of 146 patients (80 M, 66 F) who underwent septoplasty and conchotomy was performed in Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Tzrifin, Israel. The patients were divided randomly into two groups: Group I (n = 74) underwent septoplasty with transseptal suturing, and conchotomy with glue as a haemostatic. Group II (n = 72) underwent septoplasty and conchotomy with glue as a haemostatic as well as septal cartilage and mucoperichodrial flaps sealant (no transseptal suturing). The glue was based on a concentrate of human clottable proteins and purified native human thrombin. Our results showed complete healing in both groups without significant differences. One late postoperative nasal bleeding occurred in group I, and none in group II. We conclude that the use of second-generation glue in endonasal surgery is well suited to stop nasal bleeding and seal intranasal flaps. Moreover, it might help to avoid transseptal suturing. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. vaimed@yahoo.com Vaiman Michael M Sarfaty Shlomo S Eviatar Ephraim E eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Hemostatics IM Double-Blind Method Female Hemostatics therapeutic use Humans Male Nasal Septum surgery Turbinates surgery 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839254 19839253 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Bidirectional orbital approach enhances orbital abscess drainage. 293-6 Transnasal endoscopic management of subperiosteal orbital abscess (SPOA) secondary to acute rhinosinusitis has become very popular over the past two decades. We describe our transnasal endoscopic approach for orbital complications secondary to acute rhinosinusitis (SPOA and orbital abscess) and the efficacy criteria that can be used to ensure complete drainage. The charts of all patients who underwent surgery at Assaf Harofeh Medical Center between January 1993 and June 2007 were reviewed. Age, sex, clinical findings, antibiotic treatment, surgical procedure and outcome were recorded. Nineteen patients with SPOA and three with orbital abscess underwent surgery during which wide exposure of the periorbita was performed. If the abscess was not identified, bidirectional orbital manipulation, while simultaneously keeping a seeker in the abscess space under endoscopic view, enhanced its identification and successful drainage. An immediate reduction in palpable orbital pressure was used as an efficacy criterion for adequate drainage. The transnasal endoscopic approach for SPOA and orbital abscess can be enhanced by wide exposure of the periorbita and bidirectional orbital manipulation. Keeping track of orbital pressure during surgery by palpating the eye can be used as an efficacy criterion for assessing adequate drainage. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel. fredricag@asaf.health.gov.il Eviatar Ephraim E Kessler Alex A Pitaro Koby K eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Drainage Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures methods Orbital Diseases surgery Retrospective Studies Young Adult 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839253 19839252 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Intracranial abscess after anterior skull base defect: does pneumocephalus play a role? 287-92 Intracranial complications of skull base defects are uncommon; however, they can be devastating when they do occur. Often these complications arise suddenly and without warning. Identifying patients at risk for intracranial abscesses may help with early diagnosis and allow for early interventions. We report on 2 patients with traumatic pneumocephalus who developed intracranial abscesses. Our objective was to evaluate these cases and investigate the relationship between the presence of pneumocephalus and the formation of intracranial infection. Data was reviewed on the cases of 2 patients who developed intracranial abscesses after pneumocephalus in the context of skull base defects. Two patients presented to our institution separately with the presence of intracranial abscesses. Both patients had violation of their anterior skull base--one from endoscopic sinus surgery, one from blunt trauma. Both patients had massive pneumocephalus prior to their abscess formation. Intracranial abscess formation, traumatic skull base defects, and massive pneumocephalus are uncommon entities, which may be associated. It may be prudent to have heightened suspicion for the presence of intracranial abscess formation in patients with massive pneumocephalus secondary to anterior skull base trauma. Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8605, USA. sam.s.becker@gmail.com Becker Samuel S SS Russell Paul T PT eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Brain Abscess complications Child Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pneumocephalus complications radiography Skull Base radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839252 19839251 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effect of corticosteroids on wound healing after endoscopic sinus surgery. 280-6 Approximately 20% patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) experience impaired wound healing, leading to recurrences of sinusitis and polyps. We investigated the efficacy of oral+ local steroids in wound healing, following FESS in subjects with a chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyps. Ninety-nine subjects were randomised to receive 6 months' treatment with mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) 200 microg bid or placebo in double-blind manner approximately 2 weeks after FESS. Postoperative mean total score for several endoscopic parameters scores assessed at 6 months was calculated as the primary efficacy end-point. An endoscopic combination score (for inflammation, oedema, and polyps), a total symptoms score, and percent subjects requiring rescue medication, were assessed as secondary end-points. MFNS led to greater, although not significant, reductions in total endoscopic scores in all subjects, compared with placebo. The combination scores, however, indicated significantly improved healing with MFNS than with placebo for all subjects (median scores: 0.0 vs 2.0, p = 0.02), and particularly for subjects with nasal polyps (median scores: 2.0 vs 4.0, p = 0.03). The total symptom scores and percent subjects requiring rescue medication were similar in the two groups. MFNS was well tolerated. These results suggest that treatment with MFNS following sinus surgery may improve wound healing, particularly in subjects with nasal polyps. ENT Department, HNS, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. mark.jorissen@uzleuven.be Jorissen M M Bachert C C eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Pregnadienediols 83919-23-7 mometasone furoate IM Administration, Topical Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage pharmacology Chronic Disease Double-Blind Method Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery Pilot Projects Pregnadienediols administration & dosage pharmacology Prospective Studies Rhinitis surgery Sinusitis surgery Wound Healing drug effects Young Adult 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839251 19839250 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Relationship between epithelial damage or basement membrane thickness and eosinophilic infiltration in nasal polyps with chronic rhinosinusitis. 275-9 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration. This study hypothesized that the aggregation of the mucosal pathology during remodeling is related to infiltrating eosinophils in patients with such nasal polyps. To clarify the pathogenetic role of eosinophils in patients with CRS with nasal polyps, this study investigated the relationship between epithelial damage or basement membrane (BM) thickening and the epithelial infiltration of eosinophils in these nasal polyps. The number of eosinophils that infiltrated into the epithelial and subepithelial layers of sinonasal tissues was counted. The staging of epithelial damage allowed the quantification of epithelial loss. Both epithelial damage and BM thickness in CRS, which were correlated with the number of infiltrated eosinophils, were significantly greater than in the control group. Neither parameter showed significant differences between the asthma and non-asthma groups. There was a significantly correlation in the eosinophilic infiltration between the subepithelial and epithelial layers. It is suggested that eosinophils that infiltrate into both the epithelial and subepithelial layers play a part in the process of mucosal remodeling of CRS with nasal polyps. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Saitoh Tatsuya T Kusunoki Takeshi T Yao Toru T Kawano Kenji K Kojima Yuko Y Miyahara Katsumi K Onoda Junko J Yokoi Hidenori H Ikeda Katsuhisa K eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Basement Membrane pathology Comorbidity Eosinophils physiology Humans Immunohistochemistry Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Polyps epidemiology pathology physiopathology Rhinitis epidemiology pathology physiopathology Sinusitis epidemiology pathology physiopathology 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839250 19839249 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Reappraising the role of radiography in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. 271-4 To revaluate the role of radiography in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinutis, versus the currently suggested standards of computed tomography (CT) or nasal endoscopy. In total, 269 children consecutively admitted to our Unit for symptoms suggestive of chronic rhinosinusitis were included in this study; of these 222 were confirmed by fiberoptic nasopharyngeal endoscopy to have chronic rhinosinusitis, while 47 were not. Analysis of sensitivity and specificity of plain radiography by Waters' projection was carried. Radiography had a sensitivity of 84.2% (95% confidence interval 78.8 to 88.8), and a specificity of 76.6% (95% confidence interval 62.0 to 87.7) against the standard of nasal endoscopy. In routine practice, the clinical diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis may be obtained in many cases by Waters' projection radiography, limiting more expensive CT scanning or endoscopic techniques, which remain the reference diagnostic tools, to a smaller number of patients. Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy. gualtiero.leo@icp.mi.it Leo Gualtiero G Triulzi Fabio F Consonni Dario D Cazzavillan Alessandro A Incorvaia Cristoforo C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Humans Infant Male Radiography Rhinitis radiography Sensitivity and Specificity Sinusitis radiography 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839249 19839248 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A study of the maxillary and sphenopalatine arteries in the pterygopalatine fossa and at the sphenopalatine foramen. 264-70 Arterial ligation remains a key option in the treatment of persistent epistaxis and clarification of the arterial configuration of the distal maxillary/sphenopalatine artery is important for understanding the rationale behind current surgical treatments. Greater understanding of the arterial anatomy will reduce the risk of technical failures and improve the reliability of surgical interventions for persistent epistaxis and will also be useful for surgeries involving the pterygopalatine fossa. Anatomical study in cadavers. This is an anatomical study of 128 cadaveric tissue blocks containing the pterygopalatine fossa. In total, 118 tissue blocks were microdissected using a Watson-Barnet dissecting microscope. Ten injected tissue blocks were cleared by the Spalteholz technique. Photographic records were made. Analysis demonstrated three common configurations of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa: a single looped form (18%) and two double-looped forms, 'E' (51%) and 'M' (31%). The maxillary artery bifurcates before the sphenopalatine foramen in 105 cases (89%). The sphenopalatine foramen lies at the posterior end of the middle turbinate; in 58% of cases it lies in both the superior and middle meati. Asymmetry in the size of the maxillary arteries was uncommon; only 3% could be described as 'dominant'. The arterial configuration of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa can be complex but may be classified into one of three forms. Some configurations may be more liable to lead to difficulties with branch identification during surgical treatment of epistaxis particularly in combination with an inadequate osteotomy. Clinicians should expect to find more than one vessel exiting the sphenopalatine foramen and actively search for these during surgery. Asymmetry in the maxillary/sphenopalatine arteries is not common and contralateral ligations are not indicated. Laboratory of Human Anatomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. torchiu@clara.co.uk Chiu Tor T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Epistaxis surgery Humans Maxillary Artery anatomy & histology Nasal Cavity blood supply Turbinates blood supply 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839248 19839247 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Epistaxis of patients admitted in the emergency department is not indicative of underlying arterial hypertension. 260-3 To assess the association between epistaxis and arterial hypertension. A prospective study was conducted in 80 patients admitted in the emergency department, 42 with epistaxis and 38 well-matched controls. Blood pressure was measured upon admission and by continuous 24-hour ambulatory monitoring on the following days. Estimated values upon admission did not differ between groups. A definitive diagnosis of hypertension was set in 18 patients admitted for epistaxis (42.9%) and in 11 controls (28.9%, p = NS). Systolic pressures during the 24-hour recording period, systolic pressures during day and diastolic pressures during night were significantly higher among patients admitted for epistaxis than among controls. Although studies with larger series of patients are mandatory, epistaxis does not seem to result from underlying arterial hypertension. ENT Department, General Hospital of Athens O Evagelismos, Athens, Greece. P.Theodosis@yahoo.gr Theodosis Petros P Mouktaroudi Maria M Papadogiannis Dimitrios D Ladas S S Papaspyrou S S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory Emergency Service, Hospital Epistaxis etiology Female Humans Hypertension complications Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839247 19839246 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory dysfunction in Wegener's granulomatosis. 254-9 Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the upper respiratory tract is one of the hallmarks of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), which may explain the reason for olfactory dysfunction in WG. However, a systematic analysis using modem olfactory testing tools has not been performed and potential causes of dysfunction at different levels of olfactory information processing remain obscure so far. In this study a group of 76 WG-patients was examined with sniffin'sticks screening 12, odour threshold (T)/discrimination (D)/identification (I) TDI-score, active anterior rhinomanometry and a standardized questionnaire for olfactory function. WG-patients were aware of their olfactory dysfunction, as proven by psychophysiological test results. An altered olfactory function was significantly correlated to local administration of mupirocin and to the time interval between first diagnosis and study entry. None of the other variables had a statistical significant effect on the olfactory dysfunction. University of Kiel, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kiel, Germany. laudien@hno.uni-kiel.de Laudien Martin M Lamprecht Peter P Hedderich Jürgen J Holle Julia J Ambrosch Petra P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders etiology physiopathology Prospective Studies Psychophysics Wegener Granulomatosis complications physiopathology 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839246 19839245 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The Leicester semi-automated olfactory threshold test--a psychophysical olfactory test for the 21st century. 248-53 Develop a useful and cost-effective olfactometer for routine clinical use by providing a standardised threshold test for patients with olfactory disorders presenting in the ENT clinic. A prospective study of olfactory thresholds in 48 healthy volunteers on 2 consecutive occasions, undergoing quantitative testing with an olfactometer. Further studies of 10 subjects performing 20 tests and 100 subjects performing a single test were performed. An olfactometer was designed to deliver a semi-automated threshold test for an odour. It contains 8 logarithmic dilutions of an odour along with a control valve operated by software from a laptop computer. Common potential variables for olfactory threshold testing were considered including peak inspiratory flow rate. The odours used were phenethyl alcohol (PEA) and eucalyptol (EUC). Subjects were asked to perform 2 tests within 1 month of each other and the mean threshold score for each was calculated to derive a test-retest score. Consistent olfactory thresholds for PEA were achieved with a mean concentration of 10-4. Test-retest reliability score (r(x)) for the olfactometer was r(x) = 0.78 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.89). The Leicester Olfactometer provides a simple and cost-effective method of reliably assessing olfactory thresholds in the outpatient clinic. St Paul's Sinus Centre, Vancouver, Canada. carl.philpott@btinternet.com Philpott Carl M CM Gaskin Julian A JA McClelland Lisha L Goodenough Paul C PC Clark Allan A Robinson Anne M AM Murty George E GE eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Psychophysics Reproducibility of Results Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology Young Adult 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839245 19839244 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) families 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the mouse olfactory epithelium. 242-7 We investigated the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)-1-4 in the mouse olfactory epithelium (OE) in comparison to its expression in respiratory epithelium. CBA/J mice were used. The localization of TRPV-1, -2, -3 and -4 in the nasal mucosa was investigated using immunohistochemistry and a double staining study for TRPV-1 and -2 and SP was also carried out. TRPV-1-4, were expressed variably in the OE with a diffuse pattern in lamina propria, and were expressed in respiratory epithelium with strong positive expression in glandular cells of lamina propria. The double-staining study revealed coexpression of TRPV-1 and -2 and substance P (SP) in the trigeminal nerve fibers of the OE. Coexpression of TRPV-1 and SP was marked around the blood vessels and seromucinous gland of respiratory epithelium while TRPV-2 showed no co-localization. TRPV-1-4 were found to be localized in the mouse OE and respiratory epithelium. Our results suggest that TRPVs may play multiple roles in the OE, contributing to olfactory adaptation, olfactory/trigeminal interactions in nasal chemoreception and OE homeostasis; they may also be involved in olfactory transduction as well as olfactory dysfunction secondary to sinonasal inflammatory disease. TRPVs in respiratory mucosa may play a significant role in nasal nociception, ciliary movement and the regulation of mucous secretion. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima city, Japan. khalifa369@yahoo.com Ahmed Mohamed Khalifa MK Takumida Masaya M Ishibashi Takuya T Hamamoto Takao T Hirakawa Katsuhiro K eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Calcium Channels 0 TRPV Cation Channels 0 TRPV1 protein, mouse 0 Trpv2 protein, mouse 0 Trpv3 protein, mouse 0 Trpv4 protein, mouse IM Animals Calcium Channels metabolism Immunohistochemistry Mice Mice, Inbred CBA Nasal Mucosa metabolism Olfactory Mucosa metabolism Respiratory Mucosa metabolism TRPV Cation Channels metabolism 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839244 19839243 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The impact of nasal surgery on air-conditioning of the nasal airways. 237-41 Air-conditioning in the nasal passageways is one of the most important functions of the upper airways. By means of in-vivo-measurements and numerical simulation, the air-conditioning function of the nose has been extensively investigated. Less well known is the effect of nasal surgery on the nasal climate. The following study presents a summary of the effect of various rhino-surgical operations, i.e. turbinoplasty, septoplasty, septorhinoplasty, repair of septal perforations, functional and radical sinus surgery, on the air-conditioning function of the nose. Nasal and sinonasal interventions have been demonstrated to be associated with increased nasal heating and humidification when the mucosal lining is preserved. Radical interventions with reduction of turbinate tissue cause reduced nasal warming and moistening within the nasal airway, with increased risk of nasal dryness and crusting. Although the impact of the nasal cycle and the airflow distribution within the nasal cavity on nasal temperature and humidity distribution is not fully understood yet, too much widening of the nasal cavity by sinunasal interventions has carefully to be avoided. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. Kastl Konrad G KG Rettinger Gerhard G Keck Tilman T eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Humidity Nose physiopathology Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Rhinoplasty 35 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839243 19839242 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The evidence for reducing inferior turbinates. 227-36 Nasal obstruction is commonly due to enlargement of the inferior turbinate. This review discusses the pathophysiology of turbinate enlargement, the indications for, and methods and outcome of turbinate reduction. All techniques are successful but vary in their long-term efficacy, their propensity for complications and the degree to which they may adversely affect nasal function. Newer techniques under local anaesthetic and often endoscopic control offer outpatient treatment with satisfactory outcomes. However selecting a particular technique should take account of the individual patient's features, the surgeon's experience and judgement and informed patient choice. ENT Department of Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom. d.j.Willatt@talk21.com Willatt David D eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cryotherapy Debridement Humans Hypertrophy Laser Therapy Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum pathology Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Treatment Outcome Turbinates pathology physiopathology surgery 88 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839242 19839241 2009 10 20 2009 12 14

0300-0729 47 3 2009 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Something for everyone! 225-6 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial Introductory Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 10 21 6 0 2009 12 16 6 0 ppublish 19839241 19382506 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to allergic fungal sinusitis. 105-8 Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare and serious complication secondary to invasive fungal sinusitis, but rarer still in cases of allergic fungal sinusitis. Current recommendations for cavernous sinus thrombosis are controversial, especially regarding anticoagulation, secondary to the rarity of the diagnosis. Early surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotics are crucial to prevent mortality and decrease morbidity. Because thrombosis is thought to be caused by a bacterial superinfection, which follows a response to Aspergillus, antifungals may not be necessary. Despite the controversy, most physicians opt to treat with anticoagulation. Division of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. Cheung Esther J EJ Scurry William C WC Isaacson Jon E JE McGinn Johnathan D JD eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aspergillosis complications Aspergillus fumigatus Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis diagnosis microbiology therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Respiratory Hypersensitivity complications Sinusitis complications microbiology therapy 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382506 19382505 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Frontal mucocoele communicating with an arachnoid cyst of the anterior cranial fossa. 102-4 Mucocoeles usually involve the frontal sinus and can extend to the orbit or intracranially. In this case symptoms and radiological findings were typical of a left frontal mucocoele with intracranial extension. Intraoperative findings were compatible with a left frontal mucocoele communicating with an arachnoid cyst of the anterior cranial fossa. 1st Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Muscatello L L Lenzi R R Marchetti M M Seccia V V Casani A P AP eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Arachnoid Cysts complications pathology radiography Cranial Fossa, Anterior Frontal Sinus Humans Male Middle Aged Mucocele complications pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications pathology surgery 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382505 19382504 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinology resources on the internet: an update. 93-101 There has been a significant increase in the number of clinically useful biomedical resources available through the Internet over the last few years. The aim of this article is to present an updated list of all the worldwide web sites of rhinology. All rhinologic links, which appear on the web site of the journal "Rhinology" were accessed and updated. Non-responding links were discarded and a new extensive survey of all rhinologic sites on the Internet was performed using on-line available search engines. All sites were accessed more than once at different times and their uniform resource locator (URL) address was recorded. The URL addresses of all rhinologic sites on the Internet appear in categories. Main categories include endoscopy and operative techniques, allergy, olfaction, rhinology clinics and research centers, organizations and societies, scientific journals, discussion groups, news and medical conferences, collective otolaryngology resources, and miscellaneous other sites of interest to rhinologists. This paper summarizes several types of resources available to rhinologists on the Internet. A complete universal list was composed, in which links to almost all interesting rhinologic links were included. Department of Tzanion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. orion139@ath.forthnet.gr Balatsouras Dimitrios G DG Kaberos Antonis A Kantas Ilias I Mourtzouhos Constantinos C Korres Stavros G SG Kandiloros Dimitris D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Internet Nose Diseases Otolaryngology 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382504 19382503 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Dynamic infrared thermography of the nasal vestibules: a new method. 89-92 The surface temperature distribution within the nasal vestibule and the nasal cavity strongly depends on the exact intranasal detection site and point of time during the respiratory cycle. Therefore, conventional temperature measurements e.g. with thermocouples only provide selective measurements. The use of infrared thermography cameras could present a new contactless method with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of infrared thermography camera systems for measurements of the nasal surface temperature during respiration. The surface temperature profiles within the nasal vestibules of healthy volunteers were recorded with infrared thermography cameras during several breathing cycles. Two different types of infrared thermography standard systems were used. The recordings allowed a display of temperature alterations within the nasal vestibules in a high spatiotemporal resolution synchronous to the breathing cycle. During inspiration, the vestibular surface cooled down presenting a non-homogenous distribution (range, 24.7 to 30.2 degrees C). During expiration, the vestibular surface was warmed again with a non-homogenous distribution (range, 33.1 to 36.2 degrees C). The results of both camera systems were comparable. Infrared thermography cameras allow the exact mapping of nasal surface temperature within the nasal vestibules with a high spatiotemporal resolution without surface contact. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. konrad.kastl@uniklinik-ulm.de Kastl Konrad G KG Wiesmiller Kerstin M KM Lindemann Jörg J eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Feasibility Studies Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted instrumentation Nasal Cavity Photography instrumentation Reproducibility of Results Respiration Thermogenesis physiology Thermography instrumentation methods 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382503 19382502 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The effect of N-acetylcysteine on epistaxis and quality of life in patients with HHT: a pilot study. 85-8 Free O2- radicals may cause precapillary sphincter abnormalities, resulting in epistaxis in hemizygous knockout mice for Endoglin. The objective of this study was to test if antioxidants, like N-acetylcysteine (NAC), are have a role in the treatment of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Forty-three patients participated in this study taking NAC 600 mg t.i.d for 12 weeks. Patients registered frequency, severity and duration of epistaxis and private and work-related quality of life (QOL), using a diary for two 6 weeks periods. The first period was prior to starting treatment and the second started after 6 weeks using NAC. There was a decrease infrequency (p < 0.01) and severity (p < 0.01) of epistaxis during the day. The improvement was most remarkable in male patients and patients with an ENDOGLIN mutation. In women and patients with an ALK-1 mutation, only a trend for improvement was found. Nocturnal epistaxis did not improve. The effect of epistaxis on the ability to work (p = 0.02) was reduced. This pilot study was conducted to investigate whether animal experiments can be translated to humans with HHT regarding epistaxis. The positive results with NAC are promising and justify a randomised clinical trial. Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. de Gussem E M EM Snijder R J RJ Disch F J FJ Zanen P P Westermann C J J CJ Mager J J JJ eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Free Radical Scavengers 616-91-1 Acetylcysteine IM Acetylcysteine therapeutic use Epistaxis etiology prevention & control Female Free Radical Scavengers therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Pilot Projects Quality of Life Severity of Illness Index Sex Factors Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications drug therapy Treatment Outcome 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382502 19382501 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Postoperative maxillary sinus mucocoele: risk factors for restenosis after surgery and preventive effects of mytomycin-C. 79-84 To evaluate the clinical factors associated with restenosis after the surgery for treating postoperative maxillary sinus mucocoele and the preventive effect of topically applied mytomycin-C (MMC) on the restenosis. This double-blinded randomized controlled prospective study included 38 cases of postoperative maxillary sinus mucocoeles. The patients underwent inferior meatal antrostomy with or without Caldwell-Luc operation, and cotton-pledgets soaked with MMC or normal saline were applied to the antrostomy sites for 5 minutes. The degree of narrowing of the opening and its correlation with the preoperative characteristics, including age, gender, allergy, presence of polyps, interval between previous surgery and computed tomography findings were evaluated. Three months after the surgery, the openings were patent in 24 cases, narrowed in 5 cases and stenotic in 9 cases. MMC application, septation of mucocoele and concurrent inflammation at the lesion side all had a significant effect on stenosis of the antrostomy site at 3 months after the surgery (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). MMC has a favorable effect in preventing narrowing of the opening after surgery for maxillary sinus mucocoeles. The presence of septa in the mucocoeles or concurrent inflammation in the ipsilateral sinuses has an effect to promote restenosis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Kim Hyo Yeol HY Dhong Hun-Jong HJ Min Jin-Young JY Jung Young Gi YG Park Shin Hong SH Chung Seung-Kyu SK eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors 50-07-7 Mitomycin IM Adult Aged Constriction, Pathologic etiology prevention & control Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Middle Aged Mitomycin therapeutic use Mucocele etiology pathology therapy Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors therapeutic use Paranasal Sinus Diseases etiology pathology therapy Postoperative Complications Prospective Studies Risk Factors Tissue Adhesions etiology pathology prevention & control 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382501 19382500 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinosinusitis, symptomatology & absence of polyposis in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia. 75-8 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) describes a group of inherited disorders which result in functional ciliary defects leading to mucous stasis. Clinical manifestations include otitis media with effusion and chronic rhinosinusitis. Nasal polyposis has previously been thought to be linked to PCD, and current theories of 'polypogenesis' suggest that early and severe polyp formation could be expected among sufferers of this condition. Cross-sectional observational review of all children attending the multi-disciplinary clinic at a national tertiary-referral centre for PCD across a 3-month period. Careful examination was undertaken, and the SNOT-20 questionnaire administered. Thirty patients were included. No nasal polyps were found, despite children clearly suffering rhinosinusitis and being debilitated by their symptoms. The rhinologically orientated questions of the SNOT-20 produced the most positive responses; however some other questions were found not to be useful in a paediatric population. Nasal polyps do not occur in children with PCD, despite the presence of rhinosinusitis. Given that many current theories of polyp pathogenesis hinge on prolongation of proinflammatory stimuli, further investigations are needed into why this should not occur in the situation of chronic mucous stasis which is the hallmark of PCD. Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Rollin M M Seymour K K Hariri M M Harcourt J J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Ciliary Motility Disorders complications pathology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Infant Male Nasal Polyps epidemiology Prevalence Quality of Life Retrospective Studies Rhinitis complications pathology Sinusitis complications pathology 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382500 19382499 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A prospective audit to look at the number of plain sinus x-rays requested via the radiology department. 72-4 Chronic rhinosinusitis is currently diagnosed on history-taking with nasendoscopic confirmation. Sinus x-rays are insensitive and non-specific but are still requested, particularly by primary care physicians. The rate of sinus x-rays can be reduced by informing GPs of current best practice guidelines. Department of Otolaryngology, Hope Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom. jonathanhobson@gmail.com Hobson Jonathan C JC Ede Matthew P Newton MP Woolford Tim J TJ Willatt David D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Guideline Adherence Humans Medical Audit Practice Guidelines as Topic Prospective Studies Radiography utilization Radiology Department, Hospital Rhinitis radiography Sensitivity and Specificity Sinusitis radiography 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382499 19382498 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A study of poor responders for long-term, low-dose macrolide administration for chronic sinusitis. 66-71 We investigated the clinical factors (CT images, endoscopic nasal findings and allergic factors) involved in resistance of chronic sinusitis to macrolide therapy (ME) retrospectively. ME was administered for 8-20 weeks in 68 adults with chronic sinusitis cases. The effect was evaluated in each factor from radiographic findings (R0-R3 according to the severity of the images), nasal findings (N0: no polyp, N1: a single polyp and N2: multiple polyps), allergic factors (A0: no allergy, A1: nasal allergy, A2: bronchial asthma) and objective nasal symptoms. In addition, an effect after polypectomy and histological examination were assessed for N1 and N2 groups. ME was effective in 70.6% (48/68 patients). The efficacy of ME was significantly less in the polyp group compared with the polyp-free group (p < 0.05). Therapeutic efficacy was significantly different between R1 and R3 groups (p < 0.05) with a tendency for worse outcome from R1 to R3. The efficacy in asthma patients was significantly less compared with patients with allergic rhinitis or no allergy (p < 0.05). The efficacy after polypectomy was significantly improved in N2 group but not in N1 group. The number of eosinophil/total inflammatory cells (%) in nasal polyps of resistant cases was significantly higher than in marked improved cases. The efficacy of ME was less in patients with polyposis; CT scans indicating severe findings, bronchial asthma and polyps with increased eosinophil infiltrations. Polypectomy resulted in significant improvement in the efficacy of ME. Department of Otolaryngology, The Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan. haruna@dokkyomed.ac.jp Haruna Shinichi S Shimada Chieko C Ozawa Masashi M Fukami Satoru S Moriyama Hiroshi H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 80214-83-1 Roxithromycin 81103-11-9 Clarithromycin IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Chronic Disease Clarithromycin therapeutic use Cohort Studies Drug Administration Schedule Drug Resistance Female Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Roxithromycin therapeutic use Sinusitis drug therapy etiology pathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Failure Young Adult 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382498 19382497 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis. A review, typical imaging data and algorithm of management. 59-65 Intracranial complications of acute bacterial sinusitis remain life-threatening. We aimed to study the current features of the condition--illustration, clinical presentations, risk factors, and define a management strategy. A retrospective study. Review of inpatients treated for meningoencephalitic infections related to sinusitis in a tertiary emergency care center between 1992 and 2005. Data retrieved on age, sex, signs at admission, bacterial findings, sinus involvement, intracranial complications and outcome. We analyzed the relation of bacterial infection to sinus involvement, initial signs of intracranial complications, and risk factors, and reviewed the literature to define a management strategy. We retrieved 25 files. Intracranial complications related to sinusitis involved largely men between second and third decade. No risk factor was clearly identified. Frontal and sphenoid sinuses were the most common site involved. Diffuse headache or two-step evolution headache and altered mental status were strongly correlated with meningitis and brain abscess. Empyema was the most common complication. A management algorithm has been defined: computed tomography was early performed to diagnose intracranial collection, and was repeated after 48 h if the clinical course was not favorable. The sinus was always drained by the safest way. Sequelae occurred in 16% of patients. No death occurred with this treatment strategy. Intracranial complications of acute sinusitis are exceptional but remain potentially severe and may lead to death. Early imaging data and aggressive management, associating sinus and brain drainage, as well as combined antibiotic therapy, can limit mortality and the incidence of sequelae. Department of OtoRhinoLaryngology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris VII University, Paris, France. emmanuel_bayonne@yahoo.fr Bayonne Emmanuel E Kania Romain R Tran Patrice P Huy Ba B Herman Philippe P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Algorithms Brain Diseases diagnosis epidemiology therapy Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections diagnosis epidemiology therapy Cohort Studies Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Rhinitis complications microbiology therapy Risk Factors Sinusitis complications microbiology therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382497 19382496 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the preparation from Pelargonium sidoides EPs 7630: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 51-8 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the herbal drug preparation from the roots of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) compared to placebo. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial with a group-sequential adaptive design. Patients with sinonasal symptoms of at least 7 days duration, and radiographically and clinically confirmed acute rhinosinusitis of presumably bacterial origin with a Sinusitis Severity Score (SSS) of at least 12 out of 24 points at inclusion. EPs 7630, a herbal drug preparation from the roots of Pelargonium sidoides (1: 8-10; extraction solvent: ethanol 11% (w/w)), or matching placebo at a dose of 60 drops three times daily for maximum 22 days. Change in the SSS after 7 days. 103 patients were recruited until the planned interim analysis. The mean decrease in the SSS was 5.5 points in the EPs 7630 group compared to 2.5 points in the placebo group, a difference of 3.0 points (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 3.9, p < 0.00001). This result was confirmed by all secondary parameters indicating a more favourable course of the disease and a faster recovery in the EPs 7630 group. According to the pre-specified decision rule, the study was stopped after obtaining proof of efficacy for EPs 7630. EPs 7630 was well tolerated and superior in efficacy compared to placebo in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis of presumably bacterial origin. University of Ghent, ENT Department, Ghent, Belgium. claus.bachert@ugent.be Bachert Claus C Schapowal Andreas A Funk Petra P Kieser Meinhard M eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 EPs 7630 0 Plant Extracts IM Acute Disease Adult Double-Blind Method Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Phytotherapy Plant Extracts therapeutic use Plant Roots Rhinitis drug therapy etiology radiography Sinusitis drug therapy etiology radiography Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382496 19382495 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The impact of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), on patient health status as assessed by the Glasgow benefit inventory. 48-50 To measure the effect of Endonasal DCR on the health status of patients, using a validated outcomes measure, the Glasgow Benefit Inventory. Postal questionnaire with telephone follow up of patients undergoing Endonasal DCR in two institutions in Scotland. The same surgical technique is used in both centres. Patients were identified from prospectively collected data on consecutive patients undergoing this procedure. All adult patients, a minimum of twelve months post-intervention, were included. Ninety two of 123 patients (75%) completed the questionnaire, the mean age was 59 years and the sex ratio m:f was 1:1.8. The mean overall GBI for this intervention was + 32.7 (95% confidence intervals 27.8 - 37.6). The patients were grouped according to the indication for intervention: Obstruction of lacrimal system GBI + 32.7 (26.3-37.1), mucoecele + 40.1 (28.7-51.4), dacryocystitis + 19.4 (10.0-28.9). The GBI provides a measure of the effect of an ORL intervention on the health of a patient. Endonasal DCR scores highly when compared with a number of other rhinological procedures including rhinoplasty (GBI + 20), endoscopic sinus surgery (GBI + 23), and septal surgery (mean ranges from + 6 to + 24). Endonasal DCR is a successful intervention with demonstrable health benefits to the patient. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland, United Kindgom. patrickspielmann@nhs.net Spielmann P M PM Hathorn I I Ahsan F F Cain A J AJ White P S PS eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Dacryocystorhinostomy Female Follow-Up Studies Health Status Health Status Indicators Humans Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases etiology pathology surgery Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity surgery Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Quality of Life Questionnaires 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382495 19382494 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Prevention of ultrasonic coagulator-mediated mucoperiosteal flap injury and defects by using a clip manipulation in the resection of the posterior nasal nerve. 45-7 We previously reported on the clinical effectiveness of functional inferior turbinosurgery utilizing modified vidian neurectomy, the resection of the posterior nasal nerve (PNN), combined with inferior turbinoplasty. In order to prevent re-innervation of the PNN after resection and to avoid postoperative massive hemorrhage--presumably resulting from insufficient fixation and unexpected exposure of the bony or cartilaginous fragments covered on the resected neurovascular bundle containing the sphenopalatine vessels and the PNN--we designed a surgical technique during which a vascular clip was used in order to provide traction of the mucoperiosteal flap. Then we compared it with the previous procedure (without the use of the clip). The injury and defects of the mucoperiosteal flap were evaluated by the degree of exposure to the bony or cartilaginous fragments and scored on a scale of 0 to 2 points. The defects of the mucoperiosteal flap were reduced by using a vascular clip. The average score of the defects was 0.97 +/- 0.73 (n = 64) in the conventional procedure without any manipulation and 0.27 +/- 0.45 (n = 60) in the procedure using a vascular clip. The difference observed between the two gropups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). These results demonstrated that this is a safe technique to prevent injury and defects of the mucoperiosteal flap in gaining access to expose the PNN. This should promote early wound healing, reduce the chance of recurrence and of postoperative massive hemorrhage. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. ike@med.juntendo.ac.jp Ikeda Katsuhisa K Yokoi Hidenori H Saito Tatsuya T Kawano Kenji K Yao Toru T Furukawa Masayuki M Kusunoki Takeshi T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies Denervation adverse effects instrumentation Electrocoagulation adverse effects instrumentation Female Hemostasis, Surgical adverse effects instrumentation Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity blood supply innervation Nasal Mucosa injuries Retrospective Studies Rhinitis etiology pathology surgery Surgical Flaps blood supply pathology Treatment Outcome Ultrasonic Therapy adverse effects instrumentation Young Adult 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382494 19382493 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A randomised controlled trial comparing Rapid Rhino Mannheim and Netcell series 5000 packs following routine nasal surgery. 41-4 To determine whether there is a difference in discomfort between Netcell Series 5000 and Rapid Rhino Mannheim 8.0 cm (Cat. No. 800) packs used after routine nasal surgery, whilst in situ and during removal. This was tested in a single blind, randomised controlled trial at the ENT Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital. Adults aged 16-65 undergoing nasal septal surgery and trimming of inferior turbinates. Patients were excluded if they were undergoing revision surgery, taking anticoagulants, or had a history of sino-nasal disease or trauma. Thirty nine entered and 32 completed the study. The intervention was a different nasal pack in each side of the nose, removed the morning after surgery. Pain experienced by patients while packs are in situ and on removal as recorded on a standard unmarked 100 mm visual analogue scale. There was no difference in the pain scores whilst in situ. Rapid Rhino Mannheim was more painful on removal (difference = 10.6 mm, p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Rapid Rhino Mannheim packs do not confer a benefit over Netcell Series 5000 packs after routine nasal surgery. Torbay Hospital, ENT Department, Torquay, United Kingdom. stephenmcdonald@nhs.net McDonald S E SE Slater J J Powell R R Khalil H S HS Garth R J N RJ eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Device Removal adverse effects Equipment Design Humans Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Pain, Postoperative etiology prevention & control Single-Blind Method Surgical Sponges Tampons, Surgical Turbinates surgery Young Adult 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382493 19382492 2009 04 22 2009 05 28 2010 11 18

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology CMC packing in functional endoscopic sinus surgery: does it affect patient comfort? 36-40 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become the treatment of choice for patients with medically resistant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS and nasal polyposis). Nasal packing is usually placed after the surgery to minimize mucosal bleeding and support the wound healing process. Both the packing itself and its removal are often associated with pain and discomfort. To evaluate the effect of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) nasal packing on patient comfort following FESS. Forty consecutive patients underwent bilateral FESS. One side of the nasal cavity was packed with CMC (mesh or gel) and the opposite side was not packed, the sides having been randomly selected. Postoperatively, patients were given visual analog scales to rate nasal airway obstruction and headache/pressure separately for the right and left sides. They also rated sleep disturbance and general well-being. No significant differences were found between the CMC-packed side and the unpacked side with regard to patient comfort. No significant differences were found between CMC mesh and CMC gel. Based on the presented data concerning patient comfort, CMC appears to be an ideal packing material following FESS. However, there is no other study revealing an identical study design focusing on other resorbable packing material. As a consequence, other available resorbable packing material should be investigated to find the ideal packing material following FESS, if packing is required. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. andreas.leunig@med.uni-muenchen.de Leunig Andreas A Betz Christian S CS Siedek Vanessa V Kastl Konrad G KG eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Biocompatible Materials 0 Gels 9004-32-4 Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium IM Adult Aged Biocompatible Materials therapeutic use Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Endoscopy Female Gels Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps pathology surgery Pain, Postoperative prevention & control Postoperative Hemorrhage prevention & control Rhinitis pathology surgery Sinusitis pathology surgery Surgical Mesh 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382492 19382491 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Usefulness and feasibility of psychophysical and electrophysiological olfactory testing in the rhinology clinic. 28-35 Olfactory dysfunction may be assessed in the clinic with psychophysical testing and electrophysiological recording. Chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs) constitute an objective method to assess chemosensory function. Olfactory and trigeminal stimuli activate chemoreceptors from the olfactory neuroepithelium and from the nasal mucosa to evoke an electrophysiological response respectively called olfactory (OERPs) and trigeminal ERPs (TERPs). The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness and feasibility of these diagnostic tools in the rhinology clinic and to correlate these results to the olfactory disorder aetiology. This study encompasses a cohort of 229 patients with a complaint of olfactory dysfunction from different origins. Orthonasal (Sniffing stick test with the treshold-discrimination-identification score: maximal score 48) and retronasal olfactory (maximal score 20) testing as well as CSERPs both after olfactory and trigeminal stimuli have been routinely performed. Olfactory dysfunction aetiologies were as follows: congenital (Cong.), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), idiopathic (Idiop.), post-medication (PM), neurologic (Neuro.), post-traumatic (PT) and post-infection (PI). Mean orthonasal and retronasal scores were respectively: 11.8 and 10.1 for Cong., 18.5 and 13.1 for CRS, 15.6 and 10.4 for Idiop., 15.3 and 10.2 for PM, 17 and 10.6 for Neuro., 15 and 9.9 for PT and 18.3 and 12 for PI. Correlations between orthonasal and retronasal scores were present for all subgroups except congenital and chronic rhinosinusitis subgroups. Orthonasal and retronasal scores were different (p < 0.05) when comparing CRS vs Cong., CRS vs PT and PT vs PI. Technical problems (olfactometer or olfactory stimulation, EEG amplifier,...) and patients discomfort (anxiety, stress,...) did not allow to draw any conclusion in 2 patients. Three patients after olfactory stimulus and 6 patients after trigeminal stimulus demonstrated too much eye blinking or muscular artifacts that did not allow us to perform electrophysiological analysis and averaging as 60% of artifact-free recording was not achieved. Olfactory ERPs were recorded in 28% of the patients and trigeminal ERPs were obtained in almost every patient (95%). There was no statistical difference between each subgroup regarding the presence or absence of OERPs. Psychophysical olfactory testing is a useful method to assess olfactory function in patients with olfactory loss and may help us to obtain a semi-objective and a basal evaluation of the olfactory performances. Feasibility and usefulness of CSERPs are also underlined in this study with only a limited number of patients who did not complete the examination. Psychophysical testing gives different results according to the aetiology of the olfactory disorder, which was not the case for electrophysiological recording. Olfactory acuity assessment should be based on psychophysical and CSERPs evaluation in a clinical setting. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@orlo.ucl.ac.be Rombaux P P Mouraux A A Collet S S Eloy P P Bertrand B B eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Ambulatory Care Facilities Chemoreceptor Cells physiology Cohort Studies Evoked Potentials physiology Feasibility Studies Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders etiology physiopathology psychology Olfactory Nerve physiopathology Olfactory Perception physiology Psychophysiology Reproducibility of Results Trigeminal Nerve physiopathology Young Adult 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382491 19382490 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology What happens to patients with nasal stuffiness and pathological rhinomanometry left without surgery? 24-7 In this study we explored long term outcomes of patients with nasal stuffiness and high nasal airway resistance (NAR) that did not undergo nasal surgery. The same investigation was repeated on average 8 years after a baseline investigation with an ENT-examination, a rhinomanometric survey and a rhinomanometry. We did follow-up investigations in 44 out of 59 non-operated patients with a pathological NAR on at least one side. At follow-up 2 persons (4%) had no complaints, 14 (32%) had reduced, 22 (50%) unchanged, and 6 (14%) increased complaints of nasal stuffiness. Rhinomanometry showed that NAR values decreased significantly between baseline and follow-up on both wider and narrower sides after decongestion. There was no correlation between subjective nasal complaints and NAR-values. In logistic regression models increasing age and allergy prevalence at baseline were significantly associated with having no, or reduced nasal stuffiness at follow-up. The results show that both NAR and subjective nasal stuffiness decreased with age. Consequently, we suggest that NAR normal values should be age adjusted. Also, a wait and see policy towards nasal stuffiness seems relevant since 36% of our patients had no or reduced nasal stuffiness while their NAR-values were reduced after 8 years. ENT-Department, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden. helle.thulesius@ltkronoberg.se Thulesius Helle L HL Thulesius Hans O HO Jessen Max M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction pathology physiopathology therapy Needs Assessment Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Rhinitis pathology physiopathology therapy Rhinomanometry Young Adult 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382490 19382489 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Surgical or medical management of subperiosteal orbital abscess in children: a critical appraisal of the literature. 18-23 Subperiosteal orbital abscesses (SPOA) are a complication of sinusitis. Traditional treatment of SPOA is surgical. Recently, a number of studies report successful medical treatment. To our knowledge, it is unclear which patients can benefit from medical management alone. Therefore, we questioned (1) what is the outcome of medical versus surgical treatment? (2) which patients can be cured with antibiotics alone? (3) what are the absolute criteria for surgical treatment? A structured search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for relevant papers which were critically appraised. Five studies addressing our clinical questions were included, one prospective case series and four retrospective studies. Evidence levels varied from 2b to 3. Overall, a high cure rate was achieved with combined modality treatment (95.3-100%). The cure rate of medical treatment alone varied between 26% and 93%. The outcome of medical treatment improved after prior selection of surgical cases. In general, responders to medical treatment had a medial abscess associated with ethmoid sinusitis. Criteria for initial surgical or medical management differed among authors. Most authors agreed upon initial surgical treatment for patients with non-medial abscesses, decreased visual acuity and signs of systemic involvement. Surgery was also indicated when lack of improvement or worsening of symptoms and signs after 48-72 hours of medical treatment were observed. The outcome of surgical versus medical management of SPOA within and between studies could not be compared. Higher cure rates were observed when both modalities were combined. There is some evidence that medical treatment can cure medially located SPOA. Loss of visual acuity, non-medial abscess, clinical detoriation and failure to improve within 48 hours of antibiotic treatment can be considered as criteria for surgical treatment. In the absence of these criteria a trial of antibiotic treatment can be considered with close monitoring of the patient. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. Coenraad Saskia S Buwalda Joeri J eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Abscess drug therapy etiology surgery Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Child Humans Orbital Diseases drug therapy surgery Periosteum Sinusitis complications 14 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382489 19382488 2009 04 22 2009 05 28 2010 11 18

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Patient reported outcome measures in rhinology. 10-7 Patient rated outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used to supplement clinical measures of disease in order to assess how disease and medical intervention impacts on quality of life. As the primary aim of treatment for most rhinological conditions is to improve quality of life they have particular relevance in our sub-specialty. Some PROMs have been developed for particular conditions or treatments (disease-specific measures) while others were developed to be used in all patient groups or healthy individuals (generic measures). There are an increasing number of both disease-specific and global measures available for use in rhinological conditions, and they are reviewed. Both factors limiting wide scale adoption of PROMs into routine practice, and limitations of PROMs are also discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom. clairehopkins@yahoo.com Hopkins Claire C eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Health Status Indicators Humans Nose Diseases complications psychology therapy Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Quality of Life Reproducibility of Results Self-Assessment 72 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382488 19382487 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory bulb volume in the clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction. 3-9 The olfactory bulb collects the sensory afferents of the olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory neuroepithelium. The olfactory bulb ends with the olfactory tract and is closely related to the olfactory sulcus of the frontal lobe. Many studies demonstrated that olfactory bulb volume assessed with magnetic resonance imaging is related to the olfactory function both in normal and pathological conditions. It has been shown that olfactory bulb volume changes with the degree of olfactory dysfunction, that it decreases with the duration of the olfactory loss and that patients with qualitative disorder such as parosmia have smaller olfactory bulbs than patients without parosmia. In this review, we will discuss the actual knowledge regarding olfactory bulb function, practical ways to measure olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth, and report systematic observations regarding these measurements related to various causes of olfactory dysfunction, e.g. infection of the upper respiratory tract, head trauma, or neurodegenerative disease. Measurement of olfactory bulb volume may provide valuable information for patients with olfactory dysfunction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@uclouvain.be Rombaux P P Duprez T T Hummel T T eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Olfaction Disorders etiology pathology physiopathology Olfactory Bulb pathology physiopathology Organ Size 33 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382487 19382486 2009 04 22 2009 05 28

0300-0729 47 1 2009 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Outcomes in rhinology. 1-2 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose Diseases complications diagnosis therapy Outcome Assessment (Health Care) 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 4 23 9 0 2009 5 29 9 0 ppublish 19382486 19593982 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Bilateral allergic fungal rhinosinusitis caused by Schizophillum commune and Aspergillus niger. A case report. 217-21 Schizophillum commune (S. commune) is a rare type of basidiomycetous fungus that has being reported as a cause of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), invasive type of fungal sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM). However, it is believed that S. commune was often misdiagnosed to Aspergillus sp. We report a case of bilateral nasal polyps and maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal involvement within the context of S. commune and Aspergillus niger associated AFRS. Our patient was suffering from a chronic disease with periods of remission and exacerbation and was treated successfully by a combination of surgical and antifungal treatment. In our experience, S. commune may be found frequently in patients with AFRS. AFRS, including the S. commune-associated type, usually runs a prolonged course and can affect any paranasal sinus. Surgical treatment alone is not sufficient and must be combined with medical treatment. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. khalifa369@yahoo.com Ahmed Mohamed Khalifa MK Ishino Takashi T Takeno Sachio S Hirakawa Katsuhiro K eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antifungal Agents IM Antifungal Agents therapeutic use Aspergillus niger isolation & purification pathogenicity Combined Modality Therapy Endoscopy Female Humans Middle Aged Mycoses drug therapy microbiology radiography surgery Rhinitis drug therapy microbiology radiography surgery Schizophyllum isolation & purification pathogenicity Sinusitis drug therapy microbiology radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593982 19593981 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology An unusual case of firearm injury to the face with bullet cover lodged in the nose. 214-6 We report an unusual case of an accidental firearm injury, in a 35-year-old male firearm trainer, by a bullet cover fired in a retrograde manner, which was lodged in his right nasal cavity just reaching sphenoid sinuses without any neurological impairment. The extent of tissue damage and posterior extent of tract was assessed by plain radiography and CT scans. The bullet cover was recovered under endoscopic guidance and the wound sutured with a small defect left for healing by secondary intention keeping in mind second stage reconstruction of the persisting defect. On follow up the wound had healed with good esthetic results. The case showed that gunshot injuries can be treated primarily as well that undermining of the edges of wound and regular well-lubricated dressings are key to good healing. ENT Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. drsadat@rediffmail.com Al Saif Saud S Al-Shaikh Khalil K Al Dhafiri Hamed H Qureshi Sadat S eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bandages Foreign Bodies radiography surgery Humans Male Maxillofacial Injuries radiography surgery Nose injuries radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Wound Healing Wounds, Gunshot radiography surgery 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593981 19593980 2009 07 14 2009 08 20 2009 09 03

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Asthma is more frequently associated with non-allergic than allergic rhinitis in Portuguese patients. 207-13 Rhinitis prevalence is increasing worldwide and is frequently associated with asthma, for which it is a risk factor. The aims of the study were to characterise the adult population with rhinitis attending the Cova da Beira Hospital Allergy Clinic, and to assess the relationship between rhinitis and asthma. In total, 686 patients were characterised by clinical history and anterior rhinoscopy, and classified according to international guidelines. Atopy was determined by skin prick testing to aeroallergens and quantification of specific IgE. Seventy two percent of patients had allergic rhinitis (AR), and 28% had non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). NAR was more frequently associated with older age, perennial symptoms and female gender. NAR patients more frequently had bronchial asthma. In addition, more NAR than AR patients also had drug allergy, pharyngitis, sinusitis and urticaria. AR patients with nasal polyps more frequently had asthma. Grass pollen and mites were the major sensitisers for AR patients. Sensitisation profiles were not significantly different between urban- and rural-based AR patients. Asthma was more frequently associated with non-allergic than with allergic rhinitis. The two types of rhinitis did not differ in clinical severity. Although sensitisation profiles were not different between the urban and rural patients, allergic rhinitis prevalence was higher in urban patients. CICS, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. Lourenço Olga O Fonseca Ana Mafalda AM Taborda-Barata Luís L eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Age Factors Asthma epidemiology immunology Chi-Square Distribution Female Humans Male Portugal epidemiology Prevalence Rhinitis epidemiology immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial epidemiology immunology Risk Factors Skin Tests Statistics, Nonparametric 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593980 19593979 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Remodeling of nasal mucosa by allergen exposure in guinea pigs is suppressed by steroid and pranlukast. 199-206 It is unclear whether remodeling exists in allergic rhinitis in man. The aim of this study was to establish a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis with remodeling and to examine the effects of dexamethasone and pranlukast on nasal mucosa remodeling. In the first experiment, three groups of ovalbumin-sensitized Hartley guinea pigs received intranasal challenges with ovalbumin for 1, 8, 12 weeks, respectively. In the second experiment, to examine the effect of dexamethasone and pranlukast, the animals were divided into 4 groups: negative control group; ovalbumin-sensitized group; ovalbumin + dexamethasone group; and ovalbumin + pranlukast group. During 12 weeks of intranasal exposure to ovalbumin, the latter two groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone and pranlukast, respectively. In the first experiment, in contrast to the negative control group, the ovalbumin-sensitized group exhibited significant goblet cell hyperplasia, epithelial damage and deposition of extracellular matrix in the nasal septal mucosa and conchae. In the second experiment, these changes were significantly inhibited by dexamethasone and pranlukast, respectively. We have established a model of upper airway remodeling in guinea pigs. The tissue remodeling was inhibited by early intervention with the antiallergic-inflammatory agents dexamethasone and pranlukast. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan. She Wenyu W Takeuchi Kazuhiko K Suzuki Shinya S Sakaida Hiroshi H Ishinaga Hajime H Majima Yuichi Y eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Chromones 0 Leukotriene Antagonists 0 Steroids 0 pranlukast 9006-59-1 Ovalbumin IM Analysis of Variance Animals Chromones pharmacology Guinea Pigs Leukotriene Antagonists pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects Ovalbumin immunology Random Allocation Steroids pharmacology 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593979 19593978 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Diminished response to grass pollen allergen challenge in subjects with concurrent house dust mite allergy. 192-8 The clinical manifestation of allergic rhinitis is influenced by many factors; while different subpopulations are not well defined. Different combinations of allergic sensitization may lead to different clinical manifestations of allergic disease. In a nasal allergen challenge model we compared allergic rhinitis symptoms between subjects mono-sensitized to grass pollen or house dust mite, poly-sensitized subjects, and healthy controls. We measured visual analogue scales of symptoms and peak nasal inspiratory flow. We also compared serum total IgE, allergen-specific IgE and IgG4, and basophil histamine release. Nasal challenge with grass pollen extract led to a significantly larger increase in subjective (p = 0.031) and objective (p = 0.001) nasal symptoms in grass pollen mono-sensitized subjects than in poly-sensitized subjects. No differences were found in serum levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 or in biological activity of IgE (basophil histamine release) between mono-sensitized and poly-sensitized subjects. We found a strong inverse correlation between serum allergen-specific IgE and basophil histamine release (-0.789, p = 0.001). Grass pollen mono-sensitized subjects have a more severe clinical response to nasal challenge than poly-sensitized subjects. This cannot be explained by serum levels of IgE or its biological activity. The continuous allergen exposure in poly-sensitized subjects may alter local immuno-regulatory processes, leading to a reduced clinical response to allergen challenge. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.m.reinartz@amc.uva.nl Reinartz Susanne M SM van Ree Ronald R Versteeg Serge A SA Zuidmeer Laurian L van Drunen Cornelis M CM Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Antigens, Dermatophagoides 0 Immunoglobulin G 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adolescent Adult Allergens immunology Animals Antigens, Dermatophagoides immunology Case-Control Studies Female Humans Hypersensitivity immunology Immunoglobulin E blood Immunoglobulin G blood Male Middle Aged Nasal Provocation Tests Poaceae immunology Pollen immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology Statistics, Nonparametric 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593978 19593977 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Increased serum complement component 3 and mannose-binding lectin levels in adult Chinese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. 187-91 To study the immune function of adult Chinese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) to elucidate its potential role in the pathogenesis of CRS. A prospective three-arm case-control study. The study population comprised 72 CRS patients without nasal polyps (NPs), 95 CRS patients with NPs, and 110 healthy controls. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), M (IgM), G (IgG), IgG subclasses (IgG1-4), complement component 3 (C3), and complement component 4 (C4) were measured by nephelometry. Serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All CRS patients had a complete blood count with differential, atopic status evaluation, coronal computed tomographic (CT) scan of the sinuses, and nasal endoscopy. Frequency of immunoglobulin, C3, C4, or MBL deficiency showed no difference among groups. The prevalence of coexistence of MBL and immunoglobulin or complement component deficiency did not differ significantly among groups either. However, compared with controls, decreased IgG3 levels were found in CRS patients without NPs, and increased C3 and MBL levels was found in both CRS patients with and without NPs. Moreover, MBL levels were significantly higher in CRS patients with NPs than in CRS patients without NPs, which positively correlated with extent of disease seen on CT scan and endoscopy, and peripheral eosinophil count. Immunoglobulin, C3, C4, and MBL deficiency is not the main cause of CRS in adult Chinese patients. However, on the contrary, increased C3 and MBL levels in serum might play a modulatory role in CRS development. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China. Cui Yong-Hua YH Zhang Feng F Xiong Zhi-Gang ZG You Xue-Jun XJ Gao Qi-Xue QX Liu Zheng Z eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Complement C3 0 Mannose-Binding Lectin IM Case-Control Studies Chi-Square Distribution China Chronic Disease Complement C3 metabolism Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Humans Mannose-Binding Lectin blood Nasal Polyps blood Prospective Studies Rhinitis blood immunology Sinusitis blood immunology Statistics, Nonparametric 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593977 19593976 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Correlation between symptoms and radiological findings in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis: a modified radiological typing system. 181-6 CT scan and nasal endoscopy are increasingly being used in diagnosing and treating patients of chronic rhinosinusitis. Though CT scan accurately depicts the sinus pathology its use as a proxy in assessing the symptom severity of patients is debatable. In this study the symptom severity of chronic rhinosinusitis was correlated with the author's modified CT scan score. The study involved the examination of symptom severity and CT scan scores of a series of 240 adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The CT scans were evaluated and scored as per author's modified CT scan staging. The pathology at ostiomeatal complex was analysed for its association with severity of symptoms. The mean CT score of group B patients (8.35) was found to be significantly higher than patients of group A (3.22). In maxillary and frontal sinus there was a statistically significant association of group B patients (moderately severe and severe symptoms) with stage IV of CT scan stage. Although the symptom score of patients with pathology at the ostiomeatal complex on CT scan was found to be higher in group B there was no correlation with anatomical variations at the ostiomeatal complex. The study group showed a statistically significant increase in the sinus involvement and CT scan scores with increasing symptom severity. The study indicates a strong association between the symptom severity of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with CT scan scores, with the scores calculated using modified CT scoring criteria. These criteria would help the clinician to accurately predict symptom severity by CT scan scores. Department of ENT, Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. aachku@yahoo.com Nair Satish S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Rhinitis pathology radiography Severity of Illness Index Sinusitis pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593976 19593975 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of prognostic factors for olfaction in nasal polyposis treated by endoscopic sinus surgery. 172-80 This prospective study aimed to assess treatment outcome on olfaction in patients undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) for nasal polyposis, and to evaluate the role of previous sinus surgery and the duration of olfactory deficit as prognostic factors for olfaction improvement. In total, 116 patients with nasal polyposis who underwent ESS were studied. Olfactory testing was performed using the Sniffin' Sticks test, preoperatively and 1-, 3- and 6-month postoperatively. The values of the composite threshold discrimination identification score were significantly lower in patients with long duration of olfactory deficit and history of previous sinus surgery in all testing sessions. Adjustment for preoperative olfactory measures and all potential confounders revealed that both parameters remained strong independent predictors of normal olfactory function; a successful outcome was more frequent in patients with short duration of olfactory deficit and in patients who had not undergone previous sinus surgeries. However all patients achieved a significant stepwise increment of all indices of olfactory function over time, after ESS. Duration of olfactory deficit and previous sinus surgery presented highly significant predictive value for the short-term outcome of the olfactory function after ESS. However all patients suffering from nasal polyposis will probably improve olfaction significantly in a period up to six months after surgery. Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece. Danielides Vassilios V Katotomichelakis Michael M Balatsouras Dimitrios D Riga Maria M Simopoulou Maria M Kantas Elias E Nikolettos Nikolaos N eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Analysis of Variance Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery Odors Olfaction Disorders etiology physiopathology Olfactory Perception physiology Prognosis Prospective Studies Recovery of Function Sensory Thresholds physiology Treatment Outcome 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593975 19593974 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Percutaneous embolization on hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients with severe epistaxis. 166-71 To evaluate the results of embolization in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) because of severe epistaxis. All HHT patients who underwent an embolization (between 1992 and 2006) were asked to participate in this retrospective study. Twelve patients who had in total 19 embolization procedures were interviewed. A questionnaire was used assessing the frequency, severity, duration of epistaxis and their Impact on Lifestyle (IoL). Haemoglobin values were collected from the patients' records. Embolization of the pathologically enhancing lesions was performed using PVA particles. The direct effect of the embolization is very good in 95% of patients. The Impact factor (daily frequency x severity) of epistaxis improved in the first month (p = 0.000) and one year after embolization (p = 0.009). Eleven embolizations (61%) were still associated with significant improvement. There was a reduction in the duration of epistaxis by 16 minutes per day one month after embolization (p = 0.005). However, this reduction was not found one year after embolization. Mean haemoglobin rose significantly after 1 year by an average of 0.8 mmol/l (p = 0.045). Impact on Lifestyle improved in 68% of the procedures and was unchanged in 32%. Embolizations remain a therapeutic option in experienced hands. The indication should be made carefully, because of possible (major) complications. Department of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. sjbraak@gmail.com Braak S J SJ de Witt C A CA Disch F J M FJ Overtoom T Th C TT Westermann J J JJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Embolization, Therapeutic methods Epistaxis etiology therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Questionnaires Retrospective Studies Severity of Illness Index Statistics, Nonparametric Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications Treatment Outcome 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593974 19593973 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory detection thresholds and pleasantness of a food-related and a non-food odour in hunger and satiety. 160-5 The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether olfactory detection thresholds are dependent on different states of satiety. Using the threshold test of the Sniffin' Sticks test battery (single-staircase, three alternative forced choice procedure), sensitivity to a non-food odour (n-butanol) and a food-related odour (isoamyl acetate) was investigated. Twenty-four healthy, female subjects (mean age 24.2 years, SD 2.7 years) with normal olfactory function performed the tests when hungry and when satiated. Additionally, they rated their emotional condition, arousal, alertness as well as the intensity and pleasantness of both odorants. No significant change in the detection thresholds for the non-food odour n-butanol, but a significant change in detection threshold for the food-related odour isoamyl acetate was found. The detection threshold for isoamyl acetate was significantly lower in the state of satiety compared to the hungry condition. As expected, the perceived pleasantness of isoamyl acetate was significantly lower in satiety. In summary, the results indicate that in our experimental setting the actual state of satiety has effects on detection thresholds of a food-related odour, but not of a non-food odour. Interestingly, the higher sensitivity was found during the state of satiety challenging the current hypothesis that control of food intake is supported by a decrease in sensitivity to food odours. Instead our findings that satiety decreases the pleasantness of a food-related odour support the hypothesis that both odour threshold as well as pleasantness play an important role in the control of food intake. Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. jalbrecht@monell.org Albrecht J J Schreder T T Kleemann A M AM Schöpf V V Kopietz R R Anzinger A A Demmel M M Linn J J Kettenmann B B Wiesmann M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Pentanols 123-92-2 isoamyl acetate 71-36-3 1-Butanol IM 1-Butanol administration & dosage Female Humans Hunger Olfactory Perception physiology Pentanols administration & dosage Satiation Sensory Thresholds physiology Stimulation, Chemical Young Adult 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593973 19593972 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effects of laserneedle acupuncture on olfactory sensitivity of healthy human subjects: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial. 153-9 The aims of the present study were to investigate the influence of laserneedle acupuncture on olfactory sensitivity and to examine whether the attitude towards laserneedle acupuncture affects the outcome. Olfaction was tested repeatedly on two days using the olfactory detection threshold subtest of the Sniffin' Sticks test battery in sixty-four healthy subjects of which 32 showed a positive attitude towards the effects of laserneedle acupuncture and 32 were sceptic about its effects. Testing was accomplished three times on day one (T1 = 0 min, T2 = 35 min, T3 = 105 min) without laserneedle acupuncture and on day two (T1* = 0 min, T2* = 35 min, T3* = 105 min) when the subjects were randomized in a non-stimulation (placebo) and a stimulation (laserneedle acupuncture) group. Stimulation or non-stimulation was conducted in a double-blinded design. Following laserneedle acupuncture a significant decrease in olfactory detection thresholds was observed at both, T2* and T3*, whereas no significant changes were found in the baseline or placebo group. Effects of laserneedle acupuncture on the olfactory detection threshold did not differ between sceptic and non-sceptic subjects. In conclusion, laserneedle acupuncture is an effective method to improve olfactory sensitivity after one session of stimulation for at least one hour, independently of the attitude of subjects towards the stimulation method. Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. Anzinger A A Albrecht J J Kopietz R R Kleemann A M AM Schöpf V V Demmel M M Schreder T T Eichhorn I I Wiesmann M M eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Placebos 71-36-3 1-Butanol IM 1-Butanol administration & dosage Acupuncture Therapy instrumentation psychology Administration, Inhalation Adult Analysis of Variance Attitude to Health Double-Blind Method Female Humans Laser Therapy instrumentation psychology Male Placebos Psychometrics Questionnaires Reference Values Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology Stimulation, Chemical 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593972 19593971 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Peripheral and central levels in nasal trigeminal sensitization and desensitization. 148-52 In order to investigate the role of central and peripheral mechanisms in nasal trigeminal sensitization/desensitization processes, the present work recorded psychophysical (intensity ratings) and psychophysiological (skin conductance) responses to allyl isothiocyanate volatile nasal stimulation--during normal breathing--in monorhinal condition after a controlateral stimulation of the other nostril. Insofar as both nostrils are anatomically separated, modifications in responses can be interpreted as a central regulation process. Results showed that sensitization was clearly related to central mechanisms contrarily to desensitization which depended only of peripheral level. Laboratoire de Neurosciences, Université de Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc 25000, Besançon, France. gerard.brand@univ-fcomte.fr Brand G G Jacquot L L eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Irritants 0 Isothiocyanates 57-06-7 allyl isothiocyanate IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Differential Threshold physiology Female Humans Irritants administration & dosage Isothiocyanates administration & dosage Nasal Cavity innervation Psychophysics Psychophysiology Sensory Thresholds physiology Stimulation, Chemical Trigeminal Nerve drug effects 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593971 19593970 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Histological and radiological signs indicative for chronic sinus mucosal inflammation in Graves' ophthalmopathy. 144-7 Orbital decompression and, in some cases, decompression of the optic nerve are the principal surgical procedures used for treatment of moderate or severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Histological examination of the surgical specimens of the ethmoid revealed a wide spectrum of inflammatory mucosal changes. The charts of 68 GO patients (55 female and 13 male; age range: 14 - 85 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Lund - Mackay scores were calculated for each patient based on findings of pre-operative computer tomography (CT) sinus scans, and the incidence of histological changes associated with polypoid and eosinophilic inflammation was assessed. Files did not reveal any evidence of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps based on endoscopic findings. Sinus opacification on CT (of any extent) was found in 20 out of the 68 patients (29.4%). On histological exam, histological changes of the sinus mucosa indicative for chronic rhinosinusitis were found in 31 out of the 68 GO patients (45.5%). A histological examination of the sinus mucosa indicative for chronic polypoid inflammation was present in 25 patients. Fourteen out of these 25 patients showed mucosal tissue eosinophilia on histology. Six patients had mucosal changes suggesting chronic non-polypoid inflammation with tissue eosinophilia on histological exam. The incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis in individuals without GO ranges between 10 and 15%. The incidence of histological changes of the sinus mucosa indicative for chronic rhinosinusitis described in this investigation suggests that chronic inflammatory disease is considerably more frequent in GO patients, when compared to the incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis in individuals without GO. Additionally, our data underline that CT imaging of the paranasal sinuses underestimates (29.4%) the incidence of inflammatory changes of the sinus mucosa (45.5%) of any extent in GO patients. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Mainz Hospitals, Mainz, Germany. hagouve@yahoo.de Gouveris Haralampos T HT Al-Homsi Jean J Gosepath Jan J Mann Wolf J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Graves Ophthalmopathy complications surgery Humans Inflammation complications radiography Male Middle Aged Mucous Membrane pathology Retrospective Studies Sinusitis etiology radiography Statistics, Nonparametric Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593970 19593969 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Use of nasal bivalve septal teflon splint for the treatment of recurrent epistaxis in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy. 141-3 Management of recurrent epistaxis in patients on anticoagulant therapy is a challenging problem. In this article, we report our experience concerning the use of bivalve septal teflon splint (BSTS) for the treatment of recurrent mild epistaxis in a group of patients who underwent anticoagulant therapy after cardiac valve surgery. The study included 18 patients whose epistaxes recurred despite standard methods such as local pressure, vasoconstrictors, sedation, packing or cauterization. BSTS was sutured on the both sides of the nasal septum and held in place during one month. Epistaxis was controlled in all of the patients. We believe that the use of BSTS is an effective, easily applied, non-traumatic, well-tolerated additional method for the treatment of recurrent mild epistaxis in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy, when other conventional treatments fail. Further controlled studies with larger groups are warranted in order to further evaluate this method. Department of ENT, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. cgaslan@hotmail.com Aslan Gaffar G Güvenç Melih Güven MG Sapçi Tarik T Candan Süleyman S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anticoagulants 9002-84-0 Polytetrafluoroethylene IM Adult Anticoagulants administration & dosage Epistaxis chemically induced therapy Female Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum Polytetrafluoroethylene Recurrence Splints Treatment Outcome 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593969 19593968 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Where endoscopy fails: indications and experience with the frontal sinus fat obliteration. 136-40 With the event of angled endoscopes, image guidance and the rapidly improving endoscopic techniques the previously used osteoplastic frontal sinus fat obliteration (ISO) becomes more and more a second line treatment option. The objective of our study is to describe the up-to-date indications for FSO based on our own experience. Retrospective analysis including follow-up visits of 77 patients with frontal sinus fat obliteration at our clinic between 1991 and 2006 was undertaken and descriptive statistics were drawn. Thirty-six cases were operated by FSO as a first-line treatment, 41 had previous surgery. Eighty percent of all patients showed no postoperative residual complaints. Two patients required revision surgery. General complication rate was 36.4%, however these consisted in the vast majority of cases (90%) of minor complications. FSO still remains a valuable operation for specific indications. FSO is the gold standard for repeatedly failed endoscopic procedures. The operation should also target the following indications as a first-line treatment: large/lateral osteomas, malignant disease, lateral mucoeceles, most fractures of the posterior sinus wall with CSF-leak, osteomyelitis, pathologies in small underdeveloped sinuses with narrow floor. It is associated with minimal complications and a good outcome. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Soyka Michael B MB Annen Alexandra A Holzmann David D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adipose Tissue surgery Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Endoscopy Female Frontal Sinus surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Reoperation Retrospective Studies 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593968 19593967 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Tip rhinoplasty--a modified delivery approach. 132-5 For many cases of tip surgery a delivery approach is selected. If the patient has long alar cartilages, it may be difficult to deliver the cartilages without twisting or tearing the domes. In such a patient, a modified delivery approach may be easier to perform. For the modified delivery approach a transcartilaginous incision is first made and cephalic resection of the alar cartilage is performed. Then a marginal incision is made, and the remaining alar cartilage is dissected and easily delivered. After both alar cartilages being delivered, they are compared, and, if necessary, further resection is done in order to achieve perfect symmetry or to achieve the desired size of the cartilages. The cartilages may then be grafted, sutured or modified as considered necessary. We have been using the modified delivery approach for the last five years and we have had no complications of the technique itself. Two patients operated on by using this approach are presented. We believe that, in patients with long alar cartilages and a wide nasal tip, this modification turns the delivery approach into an easier and safer approach. Hospital da Arrábida, Porto, Portugal. rjxavier@iol.pt Xavier Rui R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Nasal Cartilages surgery Rhinoplasty methods Treatment Outcome 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593967 19593966 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Digital volume tomography in the diagnosis of nasal bone fractures. 126-31 Digital volume tomography (DVT) is a kind of cone beam computed tomography and enables high quality 3D images of osseous structures. It is a well-established diagnostic tool in dentistry. High detail resolution is reached with a reduced exposition of radiation dose in comparison to conventional computed tomography. The data volume can be analysed in three orthogonal plains, which can be changed in angle arbitrarily. The aim of the study was to evaluate, if and in which performance DVT is able to detect discrete nasal bone fractures that cannot be seen in conventional radiography occasionally. DVT was performed in sixty-five patients with suspected nasal bone fracture. Five of these patients underwent lateral radiographs of the nasal bones in other departments which failed to show any radiologic signs of a nasal bone fracture, whereas DVT showed clear fracture lines. DVT-findings were also used to classify fractures according to their dimensions. Additionally DVT enabled the reconstruction of three-dimensional volume images. With this technique it is possible to get an image of the extent of the nasal bone fracture and the dislocation of the fragments. Because of these facts as well as its high resolution and low radiation dose, DVT can be recommended as the routine radiological examination in suspected nasal bone fractures. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, UKGM, Marburg, Germany. bremke@med.uni-marburg.de Bremke M M Wiegand S S Sesterhenn A M AM Eken M M Bien S S Werner J A JA eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Cone-Beam Computed Tomography methods Diagnosis, Differential Female Fractures, Bone radiography Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Bone injuries radiography 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593966 19593965 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Three dimensional measurement of rhinoplasty results. 121-5 Pre- and postoperative imaging is important and essential for evaluation of the results of rhinoplasty surgery. Two-dimensional photographs are used routinely for this purpose, but have several disadvantages as opposed to three-dimensional imaging techniques, such as stereophotogrammetry. This study is the first to describe the measurement of rhinoplasty results using stereophotogrammetry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 3D imaging to measure and objectify rhinoplasty results. During a 6-month period all consecutive hump reduction patients were included in this prospective study. Pre- and postoperative 3D photographs were taken and compared. Twelve patients were studied. In ten of these twelve patients a significant volume reduction in the area of the nasal dorsum was found with stereophotogrammetry. The maximum decrease (i.e. lowering) of the nasal dorsum ranged from 0.8 to 4.4 mm. In two patients no reduction of the nasal dorsum was found. In both patients this was due to additional changes made to the nose during surgery. These changes, increased tip rotation and dorsal augmentation respectively, were also documented with stereophotogrammetry. Both pronounced as well as subtle postoperative changes of rhinoplasty surgery can be objectified and measured with stereophotogrammetry. This tool can be used to study whether surgical techniques have the desired effect on the nose, and to compare different techniques with each other. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. n.vanheerbeek@kno.umcn.nl van Heerbeek Niels N Ingels Koen J A O KJ van Loon Bram B Plooij Joanneke M JM Bergé Stefaan J SJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Male Middle Aged Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Photogrammetry methods Prospective Studies Rhinoplasty 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593965 19593964 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Update on the use of nitric oxide as a noninvasive measure of airways inflammation. 115-20 Nitric oxide levels may reflect the inflammatory status of both the upper and lower airways. Measurement of exhaled bronchial nitric oxide is a useful, non-invasive tool in the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic asthma. Nasal nitric oxide may be normal, raised or lowered in disease states; however measurement may be a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and cystic fibrosis, as well as in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Further research is aimed at investigating the role of nitric oxide in allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion. Measuring both bronchial and nasal nitric oxide may assist the combined management of upper and lower airways. Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom. g.scadding@ucl.ac.uk Scadding Guy G Scadding Glenis K GK eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Biological Markers 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide IM Biological Markers metabolism Humans Inflammation metabolism Nitric Oxide metabolism Respiratory System metabolism Respiratory Tract Diseases metabolism 68 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593964 19593963 2009 07 14 2009 08 20

0300-0729 47 2 2009 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Outcome measurements in clinical research, does it matter? 113-4 Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Editorial Introductory Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Otolaryngology Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Research Design 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 7 15 9 0 2009 8 21 9 0 ppublish 19593963 19936355 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The impact of modern techniques on the recurrence rate of inverted papilloma treated by endonasal surgery. 339-44 Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign epithelial tumour which displays aggressive local behaviour, has a high local recurrence rate and the potential for malignant transformation. It is treated by surgical excision which must be thorough to avoid recurrence. Traditionally this was done by an open approach, but since the early 1990's endoscopic techniques have been increasingly employed and are now widely accepted for the treatment of IP. This has led to debate as to whether the access afforded endoscopically is adequate to treat IP without a higher recurrence rate. Studies comparing the recurrence rates of open to endoscopic approaches have shown similar rates but open approaches are usually considered the gold standard for advanced disease, despite the higher morbidity. Reviewing the literature we found that the recurrence rates with endoscopic surgery have improved significantly since the technique was first introduced and conclude that to accurately compare open and endoscopic techniques historical data, from the early days of endoscopic surgery, should be excluded as it does not truly represent the outcome with modern techniques. In doing this it is apparent that endoscopic surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of the vast majority of IP. Deptartment of Otolaryngology, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom. huckleheathcote@btinternet.com Heathcote K J KJ Nair S B SB eng Journal Article Review 2009 12 01

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Humans Nasal Cavity Neoplasm Recurrence, Local epidemiology pathology Neoplasm Staging Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Papilloma, Inverted pathology surgery 54 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 epublish 09.033 10.4193/Rhin09.033 19936355 19936380 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Non-traumatic nasal septal abscess in an immunocompetent patient. 476-7 Nasal septal abscess is an uncommon condition. Most commonly it is secondary to nasal trauma, which leads to haematoma, and subsequent abscess formation. There are other less common causes like sinusitis, dental infections and furunculosis. Non-traumatic nasal septal abscess has also been reported in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of non-traumatic, spontaneous nasal septal abscess, in a healthy immunocompetent patient with no evidence of sinusitis or other localized infections. Using Medline and Google.co.uk search applications, there has been one previous report of such a condition. We stress the importance of excluding nasal septal abscess in patients presenting with nasal obstruction especially with signs of toxaemia. Department of ENT, South Manchester University Hospital, Wythenshawe, United Kingdom. badariram@hotmail.com Salam Badar B Camilleri Andrew A eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess complications surgery Adult Drainage Endoscopy Female Humans Immunocompetence Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Nasal Septum Nose Diseases complications surgery 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 10.4193/Rhin 19936380 19936379 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A Pott's puffy tumour as a late complication of a frontal sinus reconstruction: case report and literature review. 470-5 A Pott's Puffy Tumour (PPT) is a rare clinical entity, which, traditionally has been described as an acute abscess with periosteitis secondary to osteomyelitis of the external table of the frontal bone of the skull, complicating an acute frontal sinusitis. The aim of this article is to present a case of progressively evolving PPT, which emerged during the course of a common rhinitis, in a patient who, thirty years previously, had undergone a reconstruction of the frontal sinus involving osteosynthesis. The patient was treated with antibiotic therapy coupled with external access surgery using the Cairn Unterberger approach. This allowed the drainage of pus, the removal of infected osteosynthetic material and a complete debridement of osteomyelitic bone from the affected area. Frontal sinus obliteration was undertaken using methyl methacrylate, preferable in this case to hydroxyapatite, due to the direct communication with the neighbouring sinus cavities and the presence of defective bone in the superior orbit. A review of literature available on Medline up to January 2008 reveals that this is the third published case of PPT complicating a frontal reconstruction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium. stephanie.collet@uclouvain.be Collet S S Grulois V V Eloy Ph P Rombaux Ph P Bertrand B B eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Methylmethacrylates IM Abscess etiology therapy Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Combined Modality Therapy Debridement Disease Progression Drainage methods Forehead injuries Frontal Bone pathology Frontal Sinus radiography surgery Frontal Sinusitis complications therapy Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Methylmethacrylates therapeutic use Middle Aged Osteomyelitis complications radiography therapy Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Postoperative Complications therapy Prosthesis-Related Infections complications surgery Reconstructive Surgical Procedures adverse effects Rhinitis complications Risk Factors Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed 30 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 07.060 10.4193/Rhin07.060 19936379 19936378 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Development of a short olfactory test based on the Connecticut Test (CCCRC). 465-9 To create a short olfactory test, Connecticut Smell Test (CST), based on the CCCRC (Connecticut Chemosensor and Clinical Research Center). A prospective patient-based study. Settings: Smell and Taste Outpatient Clinic at the Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. We compared a short test based on the CCCRC with the Pocket Smell Test (PST) based on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test) UPSIT in 40 patients with nasal polyposis, in order to determine the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive and negative predictive values. The validity index was 95% with an accuracy rate of 10%. We determined unit cost, the time required to perform the test in the outpatient office and the difficulty to perform the test. The sensibility was 93.3% and the specificity was 76% with a positive predictive value of 70% and a negative predictive value of 95%. The unitary cost of CST was euro0.65 when it is performed by a doctor. The unitary cost of PST is euro1.76. Our short test took 34 seconds to perform. More than 96% of the patients thought the test was easy to do. Our test is a valid, easy and quick test to be used in patients with nasal polyposis. Rhinology Unit, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. atoledano@fhalcorcon.es Toledano A A Ruiz C C Navas C C Herráiz C C González E E Rodríguez G G Galindo A N AN eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Butanols IM Adult Aged Butanols diagnostic use Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System economics Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps physiopathology Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Prospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Sensory Thresholds classification Smell physiology Spain 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.133 10.4193/Rhin08.133 19936378 19936377 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Use of thallium transport to visualize functional olfactory nerve regeneration in vivo. 460-4 To image olfactory nerve regeneration in vivo using a high-resolution gamma cam- era and radiography after nasal administration of thallium-201 (olfacto-scintigraphy). Six Wistar rats were trained to avoid the smell of cycloheximide as a test of olfactory function. The olfactory nerve fibers of 3 rats were then carefully transected bilaterally with a Teflon knife, avoiding damage to the olfactory bulbs. The remaining 3 rats underwent sham operations and were used as controls. Steel wires were implanted in the left olfactory bulb of each rat for locating the bulbs with plain X-rays. The rats were assessed 2, 14, 28, and 42 d after the olfactory nerve transection or sham operation for their ability to detect odours and for transport of 201Tl to the olfactory bulb area 8 h after nasal administration of 201Tl. Both transport of 201Tl to the olfactory bulb area (p < 0.04) and ability to detect odours (p < 0.04) significantly increased with a time course after olfactory nerve transection. 201Tl transport to the olfactory bulb may be useful to visually assess olfactory ability in vivo. We plan to test olfacto-scintigraphy clinically by nasal administration of 201Tl in patients with posttraumatic olfactory loss. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kahokugun, Ishikawa, Japan. shigah@kanazawa-med.ac.jp Shiga Hideaki H Washiyama Kohshin K Hirota Kyoko K Amano Ryohei R Furukawa Mitsuru M Miwa Takaki T eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Thallium Radioisotopes IM Animals Disease Models, Animal Female Gamma Cameras Nerve Regeneration Odors Olfactory Nerve physiology surgery Rats Rats, Wistar Recovery of Function Smell physiology Thallium Radioisotopes diagnostic use metabolism 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.213 10.4193/Rhin08.213 19936377 19936376 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory disorders: the patients' view. 454-9 To investigate the level of knowledge that patients had about their olfactory disorder at the time of presentation to a specialist Olfaction Clinic. Multi-centered, cohort study of consecutive patients presenting to specialist Olfaction Clinics surveyed using a standardized questionnaire. Tertiary referral Olfactory Clinics in Geneva, Switzerland and Dresden, Germany. The number of prior medial consultations, the number and type of doctors they had consulted, a rating of the information they had received from these doctors, whether prognostic information had been given and whether they felt their problems had been well managed by the doctor were factors surveyed. Olfactory assessment was measured by the Sniffin' Sticks kit. Eighty percent of patients had sought previous medical advice, with a mean 2.1 past consultations. Of these patients, 60 % reported that they had received either no or unclear or unsatisfactory information about their diagnosis, 30% had received no information about their prognosis and 25 % felt they had not been managed well. The majority of patients with olfactory disorders seek medical advice before presenting to a specialist Olfaction Clinic. However, the majority reported receiving no or poor information about their diagnosis and prognosis. Considering the significant prevalence and potential consequences of olfactory disorders, it is our duty as specialists to improve the knowledge and communication of our medical colleagues about these diseases, so that patient education or referral can be improved. Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. Basile.Landis@hcuge.ch Landis Basile N BN Stow Nicholas W NW Lacroix Jean-Silvain JS Hugentobler Marianne M Hummel Thomas T eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Communication Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders diagnosis therapy Patient Education as Topic Physician-Patient Relations Prognosis Referral and Consultation 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.174 10.4193/Rhin08.174 19936376 19936375 2010 01 21 2010 02 19 2011 04 11

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology V.A.S. in the follow-up of turbinectomy. 450-3 Nasal airflow resistance, as measured by rhinomanometry, is frequently impaired in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, rhinomanometry is not widely available. Visual analogue scales (VAS) have been proposed to assess symptom severity in AR. To verify the suitability of the use of the VAS as a surrogate for rhinomanometry in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis and treated with turbinectomy in quantifying nasal obstruction during the follow-up. Fifty patients (27 males, mean age 23 years, SD 2.24) were studied. VAS for nasal obstruction and rhinomanometry were performed in all patients before turbinectomy and after 6 months. A significant correlation was observed between VAS for nasal obstruction and nasal airflow resistance (Spearman r = 0.879, p < 0.001) at baseline. Moreover, a significant direct relationship between these two variables was observed (r = 0.567, p < 0.001) also at the follow-up after surgery. The use of VAS for assessing the nasal obstruction appears as clinically relevant, in that it allows with good reliability to quantify this symptom in the absence of rhinomanometry in the follow-up of patients treated with turbinectomy. ENT Clinic, Genoa University, Genoa, Italy. Mora Francesco F Cassano Michele M Mora Renzo R Gallina Anna Maria AM Ciprandi Giorgio G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(1):103 Adult Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction surgery Pain Measurement Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial surgery Rhinomanometry Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery Young Adult 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 09.006 10.4193/Rhin09.006 19936375 19936374 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Septoplasty outcome in patients with and without allergic rhinitis. 444-9 To assess the effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) on septoplasty outcome in terms of subjective and objective measurements and clarify whether patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) and allergic rhinitis (AR) benefit from septoplasty to the same extent as patients who do not have allergic rhinitis. A prospective study, with consecutive sampling of all patients undergoing septoplasty from June 2005 to February 2007, conducted in a tertiary care otorhinolaryngologic clinic. One hundred and seventy-six patients underwent septoplasty over the study period. Follow-up data were obtained from one hundred and forty-nine subjects. All participants underwent active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) and assessed the severity of their symptoms based on a Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale prior to and following septo- plasty. Patients were divided into two groups according to AR status. Comparisons were made between symptoms and rhinomanometry data. Following septoplasty, subjective improvement in breathing (decreased NOSE scores) was observed for both groups, the decrease being significantly more substantial in the NSD group. Airflow, as measured during active anterior rhinomanometry, increased in the deviated side following septoplasty in both groups. In the NSD group the increase was significantly high- er than in the NSD and AR group. The surgeon should proceed with caution when managing patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal septum deviation. These patients are more likely to be less satisfied after septoplasty compared to patients without allergy. Adequate medical management of allergic rhinitis should be the first priority for these cases. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete Medical School, Greece. Karatzanis Alexander D AD Fragiadakis George G Moshandrea Joanna J Zenk Johannes J Iro Heinrich H Velegrakis George A GA eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Patient Satisfaction Prospective Studies Respiration Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Rhinomanometry Treatment Outcome 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.126 10.4193/Rhin08.126 19936374 19936373 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Hepatitis C virus induces nasal epithelial erosion and sub-epithelial rhinitis. 438-43 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects extra-hepatic organs, but its effect on the nose is poorly defined. To investigate the histological changes in nasal tissue induced by HCV and whether the nasal mucosa harbors the virus for extrahepatic replication. We investigated nasal biopsies from 20 patients with HCV infection, and from 10 control subjects. All biopsies were subjected to real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well as histology. Our analyses showed that 60% of HCV positive samples showed nasal epithelial erosion, 95% showed subepithelial non-specific inflammation and/or fibrosis, while only 5% showed normal histology. However, none of the twenty PCR samples showed the presence of HCV nucleic acids sequences in the nasal tissues. On the other hand, all control subjects had normal histology and the absence of the viral m-RNA in the PCR (100%). HCV induces histopathological rhinitis with nasal epithelial erosion. However, it does not seem that the nasal tissue harbors the virus. Department of Otolaryngology, Misr University for Science and Technology, College of Medicine, 6TH October City, Al-Motamaize District, Cairo, Egypt. Abbas F F Refaat L A LA Hussien A A El-Shazly A E AE eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 RNA, Viral IM Adult Aged Epistaxis virology Female Hepacivirus isolation & purification Humans Liver Function Tests Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology virology Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral isolation & purification Rhinitis virology Young Adult 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.120 10.4193/Rhin08.120 19936373 19936372 2009 11 25 2010 02 19 2010 11 18

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Usefulness of nasal provocation tests in occupational rhinitis. 432-7 The aim of the study was to determine whether Nasal Provocation Tests (NPT) could help in the diagnosis of occupational rhinitis (OR). Changes in nasal airway resistance (NAR), measured by posterior rhinomanometry during specific nasal challenge associated with per and post test clinical scores, were compared to a prior probability, based on the patient's history, determined by occupational physicians, in 41 hairdressers and 33 bakers referred for suspected OR. A DeltaNAR >or= 150% defined the positivity of the NPT. DeltaNAR demonstrated 50% sensitivity and a 86% specificity in hairdressers and a 95% sensitivity with 100 % specificity in bakers. DeltaNAR presented significant positive correlations with both per (p = 0.0003, r = 0.48) and post test clinical scores (p < 0.005, r = 0.39). The addition of clinical scores increased the sensitivity to 100% in hairdressers with 81% specificity. The NPT constitutes a safe procedure of nasal reactivity with good levels of sensitivity and specificity in both hairdressers and bakers when nasal resistance and clinical scores are taken into account. Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France. francoise.zerah@hmn.aphp.fr Zerah-Lancer Françoise F Pichon Bertrand B Pairon Jean-Claude JC Hervé-Guillot Martine M Marliac Dominique D Larger Christian C Ribeil Stephan S Delclaux Christophe C Harf Alain A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Beauty Culture Cooking Female Humans Male Nasal Provocation Tests Occupational Diseases diagnosis physiopathology ROC Curve Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis physiopathology Rhinomanometry Sensitivity and Specificity 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.092 10.4193/Rhin08.092 19936372 19936371 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The role of pain-mediating sensory nerves in histamine-induced inflammation of nasal mucosa. 427-31 Topical application of histamine on the nasal mucosa causes an inflammatory reaction with increased mucosal swelling and perfusion. In the nasal mucosa histamine receptors are found in the vascular epithelium and at free sensory nerve endings. The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo controlled study was to investigate if this inflammatory reaction to locally administered histamine was dependent upon the stimuli of pain-mediating sensory nerves, or if it mainly was the result of direct stimuli of the vascular epithelium. Eighteen healthy non-allergic subjects were treated with sprays of lidocaine or saline (placebo) in the nose, followed by challenge with histamine. Using a cross-over design the participants later returned and were allocated to the opposite treatment followed by histamine. Nasal congestion, and concentration, velocity and perfusion of erythrocytes were measured with rhinostereometry and laser Doppler flowmetry. Symptoms of blockage, discharge and itching were scored. When comparing the lidocaine group to the placebo group, we found no significant differences in the reaction to histamine concerning any of the measured parameters or subjective symptoms. In conclusion, our results suggest that the stimuli of pain-mediating sensory nerves do not significantly contribute to the inflammatory effect of histamine on human nasal mucosa. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital/Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. Waldenström Henrik H Backheden Magnus M Juto Jan Erik JE eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine Agonists 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adult Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Epithelium drug effects Female Histamine administration & dosage Histamine Agonists administration & dosage Humans Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Male Nasal Mucosa blood supply drug effects Rhinitis physiopathology Sensory Receptor Cells physiology Young Adult 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 80/191 10.4193/Rhin80/191 19936371 19936370 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Effective treatment of mild-to-moderate nasal polyposis with fluticasone delivered by a novel device. 419-26 To assess the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate administered using OptiNose's novel delivery device (Opt-FP) in subjects with bilateral mild-to-moderate nasal polyposis. A prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was conducted in adult subjects (n = 109) with mild-to-moderate bilateral nasal polyposis. Subjects received Opt-FP 400 microg or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Endpoints included endoscopic assessment of polyp size using Lildholdt's Scale, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), symptom scores and use of rescue medication. The proportion of subjects with improvement in summed polyp score >or= 1 (Lildholdt\'s Scale) was significantly higher with Opt-FP compared with placebo at 4, 8 and 12 weeks (22% vs 7%, p = 0.011, 43% vs 7%, p < 0.001, 57% vs 9%, p < 0.001). After 12 weeks the summed polyp score was reduced by 35% (-0.98 vs +0.23, p < 0.001). PNIF increased progressively during Opt-FP treatment (p < 0.05). Combined symptom score, nasal blockage, discomfort, rhinitis symptoms and sense of smell were all significantly improved. Rescue medication use was lower (3.1% vs 22.4%, p < 0.001). Opt-FP was well tolerated. Fluticasone propionate (400 microg b.i.d.) administered using OptiNose's breath actuated bi-directional delivery device was an effective and well tolerated treatment for mild-to- moderate bilateral nasal polyposis. Department of Otorinolaryngology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Vlckova Ingrid I Navrátil Pavel P Kana Radim R Pavlicek Pavel P Chrbolka Pavel P Djupesland Per G PG eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aged Androstadienes administration & dosage Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Double-Blind Method Equipment Design Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy Nebulizers and Vaporizers Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome Young Adult 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 09.024 10.4193/Rhin09.024 19936370 19936369 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Glucocorticoids suppress NF-kappaB activation induced by LPS and PGN in paranasal sinus epithelial cells. 413-8 The aim of this study was to examine the innate immune response induced by toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the paranasal sinus epithelial cells in cell culture models and to examine the effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the innate immune response. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN), p50 level was measured as an index of the innate response in the paranasal sinus epithelium. To observe the effect of GCs, the specimens were pre-treated with dexamethasone (DEX) for 48 hours prior to stimulation. On immunocytochemistry GR, TLR2 and TLR4 in the paranasal sinus epithelium were observed. The p50 activity levels increased after stimulation with LPS and PGN in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with DEX significantly suppressed the increase in p50 activity levels induced by LPS and PGN. On immunocytochemistry, TLR2 and TLR4 immunoreactivities were relatively high after 48h DEX pretreatment. The increase in NF-kappaB activity after LPS and PGN stimulation suggests that stimulation through TLR2 and TLR4 may induce high cytokine expression and inflammatory cell migration in the paranasal sinus epithelial cells. In paranasal sinus epithelial cells GCs not only have anti-inflammatory effects through transcription factor inhibition but also enhance innate host defences. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. y-nishi@yg8.so-net.ne.jp Nishi Yasuyuki Y Takeno Sachio S Ishino Takashi T Hirakawa Katsuhiro K eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Lipopolysaccharides 0 NF-kappa B 0 Peptidoglycan 0 Toll-Like Receptor 2 0 Toll-Like Receptor 4 50-02-2 Dexamethasone IM Adult Cells, Cultured Dexamethasone pharmacology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Epithelial Cells immunology Female Glucocorticoids pharmacology Humans Immunity, Innate Immunohistochemistry Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology Male NF-kappa B analysis drug effects Paranasal Sinuses immunology Peptidoglycan pharmacology Toll-Like Receptor 2 physiology Toll-Like Receptor 4 physiology 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.074 10.4193/Rhin08.074 19936369 19936368 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Ventilation and aerosolized drug delivery to the paranasal sinuses using pulsating airflow - a preliminary study. 405-12 Although there is a high incidence of nasal disorders including chronic sinusitis, there is limited success in the topical drug delivery to the nose and the paranasal sinuses. This is caused by the nose being an efficient filter for inhaled aerosol particles and the paranasal sinuses being virtually non-ventilated. The objective of this study was to visualize the efficiency of sinus ventilation in healthy volunteers using dynamic 81mKr-gas imaging in combination with pulsating airflows. Furthermore, the deposition and retention of 99mTc-DTPA aerosol particles was assessed. The ventilation of the maxillary and frontal sinuses could be visualized by gamma camera imaging during pulsating airflow. In addition, using pulsating airflow, between 3% and 5% of nasally deposited aerosols penetrated into the paranasal sinuses while during application without pulsation aerosol deposition was below 1%. Furthermore pulsation increased aerosol deposition in the nasal airways by a factor of three. The study demonstrates the high efficiency of a pulsating airflow in paranasal sinus ventilation and aerosolized drug delivery. This proves that topical drug delivery to the paranasal sinuses in relevant quantities is possible and indicates further clinical studies are necessary. Clinical Cooperation Group Inflammatory Lung Diseases, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Gauting, Germany. moeller@helmholtz-muenchen.de Moeller Winfried W Schuschnig Uwe U Meyer Gabriele G Häussinger Karl K Keller Manfred M Junge-Hülsing Bernhard B Mentzel Heribert H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Radiopharmaceuticals 65454-61-7 Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate 7439-90-9 Krypton IM Administration, Inhalation Administration, Intranasal Adult Gamma Cameras Humans Krypton Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinuses Pulmonary Ventilation Pulsatile Flow Radiopharmaceuticals administration & dosage Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate administration & dosage 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.180 10.4193/Rhin08.180 19936368 19936367 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Interleukin-6 -174 G/C promoter polymorphism and nasal polyposis. 400-4 Nasal polyposis is a chronic disease with unknown etiopathogenesis, although inflammatory mechanisms seem to play a role. One of several inflammatory mediators linked to nasal polyposis is Interleukin-6, which has a single nucleotide polymorphism -174 G/C that seems to promote an inflammatory reaction. To compare the prevalence of the -174 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism between a group of patients with nasal polyposis and a control group. Cross-sectional study with two groups (thirty two patients with nasal polyposis and fifty five controls) to investigate the -174 G/C polymorphism in blood samples. Asthma, aspirin intolerance and atopy were main exclusion criteria. IL-6 genotyping was performed using the PCR method with forward primer 5'-ATGCCAAGTGCTGAGTCACTA-3' and reverse primer 5'-GGAAAATCCCACATTTGATA-3', amplifying a 226-bp DNA fragment that contained the - 174 position. The amplified fragment can be cleaved by restriction enzyme NlaIII when the -174 position presented the C allele in two fragments of 117 and 109-bp, visualized by electrophoresis, classifying participants in GG, GC and CC. In the nasal polyposis group, 65.62% of the patients had the GG genotype, while in the control group, 41.82% had two G alleles, a statistically significant difference, with an odds ratio of 2.65. The -174 GG genotype was found more frequently in nasal polyposis patients than in controls, when asthma, aspirin intolerance and atopy were excluded. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. edumacoto@uol.com.br Kosugi Eduardo Macoto EM de Camargo-Kosugi Cínta Meirelles CM Weckx Luc Louis Maurice LL Guerreiro-da-Silva Ismael Dale Cotrim ID Gregorio Luiz Carlos LC eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Interleukin-6 IM Adult Aged Cross-Sectional Studies DNA Fragmentation Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Female Genotype Humans Interleukin-6 genetics Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.226 10.4193/Rhin08.226 19936367 19936366 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Otitis media with effusion as a marker of the inflammatory process associated to nasal polyposis. 396-9 Despite the close location of polyps with the Eustachian tube, association between nasal polyposis (NP) and otitis media with effusion (OME) has not been described in the literature. Our retrospective case-control study aimed at assessing the relative risk to develop OME when NP is associated to factors such as asthma, aspirin intolerance (AI), atopy, eosinophil infiltration of polyp tissue, and history of surgical treatment (HST). We compared the charts of 25 NP patients presenting symptomatic OME with 50 NP patients without OME. All the charts contained validated data about OME, asthma, AI, atopy, eosinophil count in polyp tissue, and HST. Our study showed that the risk to develop OME in NP patients is five times higher in patients presenting aspirin triad (NP + asthma + AI) (OR = 5.6, p = 0.009) and three times higher in HST patients (OR = 3.5, p = 0.03), than in isolated NP patients. A linear trend exists between the different degrees of respiratory disease and the risk of OME (p = 0.01). Our data suggest that the development of OME could be considered as another marker of severity of the inflammatory disease leading to NP, asthma and AI. Better characterisation of NP patients with OME could allow is to define more accurately the nature, type and severity of the underlying inflammatory process. Department of ENT, University Hospital, Nancy, France. c.parietti@chu-nancy.fr Parietti-Winkler Cécile C Baumann Cédric C Gallet Patrice P Gauchard Gérome G Jankowski Roger R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Asthma epidemiology Case-Control Studies Eosinophils metabolism Female Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Nasal Polyps epidemiology metabolism physiopathology surgery Otitis Media with Effusion epidemiology physiopathology 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.220 10.4193/Rhin08.220 19936366 19936365 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Fever is not a symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis. 393-5 In the chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) definition of the RhinoSinusitis Task Force (RSTF) of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, fever is one of the minor symptoms. In the EP3OS definition, fever is not mentioned as a contributing factor. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fever in CRS. Patients with CRS, scheduled for surgery were compared with a control group consisting of patients without CRS, suffering from esthetic complaints or obstruction of the nose. Temperature prior to surgery was measured and analyzed. In both groups, hundred patients were included. In the CRS group the mean temperature was 36.94 degrees C, with a maximum of 37.8 degrees C. The control group revealed a mean temperature of 36.87 degrees C. Analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the mean temperatures of the CRS patients and the controls (p = 0.306). Additional analysis, correcting for possible confounders, did not reveal significant differences between both groups either. There have been several attempts to define CRS in the past, but an all including definition or classification system for this disorder does not currently exist. Fever is a factor under discussion. We found no significant difference between the preoperative body temperature in CRS patients and controls. These results suggest that fever is not a relevant symptom in CRS. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands. wvideler@flevoziekenhuis.nl Videler W J M WJ van Tol A W AW van Spronsen E E Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Female Fever etiology Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis diagnosis Sinusitis diagnosis Young Adult 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.183 10.4193/Rhin08.183 19936365 19936364 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology PNIF measurement in a healthy French population. A prospective study about 234 patients. 389-92 A prospective study in a healthy French population to evaluate the normal range of PNIF. In total, 234 subjects separated into 2 groups (group 1: patients with VAS >or= 8, n = 151 and group 2: patients with VAS < 8, n = 83) have been prospectively enrolled in this study from September 2003 to April 2004. For all participants, nasal obstruction was evaluated through a VAS and two PNIF measurements. The mean PNIF measurements in group 1 and group 2 were 87.5 L/min and 84.7 L/min, respectively with a significant difference between male and female in both groups (p < 0.0001). The reproducibility in group 1 and group 2 was 5.1 L/min and 4.4 L/min respectively. A slight tendency to a reduction due to the age was observed except for patients over 60. This study confirms that the technique of PNIF measurement is reliable and simple. The normal range of PNIF in a healthy French population has been determined although our results show lower values than previous published reports from other countries. However, it remains an attractive method for the follow-up and survey of patients complaining of nasal obstruction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France. j.m.klossek@chu-poitiers.fr Klossek Jean-Michel JM Lebreton Jean-Pascal JP Delagranda Antoine A Dufour Xavier X eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Pain Measurement Prospective Studies Reference Values Young Adult 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.083 10.4193/Rhin08.083 19936364 19936363 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Is canine fossa access necessary for successful maxillary fungus ball treatment? 385-8 Sinus fungus ball (FB) is a non-invasive mycosis that affects immunocompetent hosts, most frequently localized in the maxillary sinus. The current golden standard treatment is surgical removal. To evaluate the effectiveness of an endonasal endoscopically assisted approach to remove a maxillary FB combined or not with a transoral approach (sinusoscopy via canine fossa). A retrospective evaluation of paranasal FB treated by functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) + transoral approach, compared to those treated by a sole FESS procedure. In total, 65 out of 90 patients presented with a maxillary localization and were treated by FESS. Thirthy-three patients received a combined FESS + transoral approach and 32 received solely a FESS procedure. Antimycotic medical therapy was not used in any case. With a mean follow-up of 93 months, the treatment was successful in 62 patients (95,4%) without significant differences between the two groups. Our data confirm the efficacy of FESS in the treatment of maxillary FB. A similarity in long-term results in both groups demonstrated that transoral sinusoscopy can be avoided. With the assistance of lateral-view and flexible endoscopes, angled surgical equipment and maxillary saline solution irrigations, complete removal of the diseased material and sinus clearance can be achieved by a sole middle meatotomy, reducing both morbidity and operating time. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy. tpagella@libero.it Pagella Fabio F Matti Elina E Giourgos Georgios G Colombo Andrea A De Bernardi Francesca F Castelnuovo Paolo P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy methods Facial Pain microbiology Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus microbiology surgery Middle Aged Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis microbiology surgery Young Adult 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.234 10.4193/Rhin08.234 19936363 19936362 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology How to diagnose sinus fungus balls in the paranasal sinus? An analysis of an institution's cases from January 1999 to December 2006. 379-84 The diagnosis of a sinus fungus ball (SFB) is often not clear despite well-defined diagnostic criteria. To study the radiological, intraoperative and histological diagnostic accuracy in comparison to results from mycological and histological analysis. Systematic review of 724 files from patients treated for chronic rhinosinusitis from 1999 - 2006 at our institution. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of pre- operative CT imaging was 83%, 94%, 56% and 98% respectively, whereas, based on intra- operative findings, it was 98%, 93%, 57% and 100%. A high number of misdiagnoses was found possibly due to sampling error. A severe inflammatory reaction of the surrounding tissue was found more often in SFB than in controls in our study and this we suggest could be an additional sign for fungal infection. Fungal cultures did not contribute to a correct diagnosis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland. martina.broglie@usz.ch Broglie M A MA Tinguely M M Holzman D D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Aspergillus fumigatus isolation & purification Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mycoses diagnosis surgery Paranasal Sinuses microbiology radiography surgery Penicillium isolation & purification Retrospective Studies Rhinitis microbiology radiography surgery Scedosporium isolation & purification Sensitivity and Specificity Sinusitis microbiology radiography 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 09.026 10.4193/Rhin09.026 19936362 19936361 2009 11 25 2010 02 19 2010 11 18

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Balloon sinuplasty in acute frontal sinusitis. 375-8 Balloon sinuplasty has been licensed for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis since 2006. Balloon dilation enlarges the sinus ostium by effecting tiny fractures of the surrounding bone and compressing soft tissue such that no mucosa is removed. We believe this to be the ideal technique for achieving drainage of an acutely infected frontal sinus when surgical intervention is required. We report the application of this new technique in a 32-year-old female with acute frontal sinusitis. The frontal sinus was successfully cannulated and drained. Post-operative irrigation was achieved using a modified Vortex catheter. Department of ENT, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom. clairehopkins@yahoo.com Hopkins Claire C Noon Edward E Roberts David D eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Balloon Dilation methods Drainage methods Female Frontal Sinusitis surgery Humans 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.057 10.4193/Rhin08.057 19936361 19936360 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Spontaneous CSF-leaks and meningoencephaloceles in sphenoid sinus by persisting Sternberg's canal. 369-74 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and meningoencephaloceles of the lateral recess of sphenoid sinuses are rare findings. A congenital bony defect in the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus called Sternberg's canal could be the origin of these lesions. Their endoscopic transnasal management is challenging though less traumatic than transcranial approaches. The aim of this study was to define Sternberg's canal as a potential source for these rare lesions and to describe their endoscopic endonasal management. In a retrospective analysis clinical charts of 27 patients with CSF-leaks and / or meningoencephaloceles operated between March 2002 and October 2008 at the University ENT-hospital Graz have been reviewed. All patients were treated by an endoscopic endonasal approach. Five patients (4 female / 1 male) were identified with spontaneous CSF-leaks from sphenoid sinus and meningoencephaloceles. In all five cases, Sternberg's canal was the site of leakage, with the bony and dural defects always located laterally between the maxillary and Vidian nerves. Mean age was 51.2 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.9 kg/m2. All patients were operated using a multilayer closure technique. Two patients had recurrences after 12 days and 7 months, respectively, managed by endoscopic revision surgery resulting in a 100% closure rate after one revision (mean follow-up: 6.5 months). Persisting Sternberg's canal can be the source of spontaneous CSF-leaks and meningoencephaloceles in the lateral recess of sphenoid sinus especially when associated with extensive pneumatisation. Endoscopic management is technically challenging, nevertheless its advantages are a good view of the surgical field while being less traumatic than transcranial approaches. Division of General ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. peter.tomazic@medunigraz.at Tomazic Peter Valentin PV Stammberger Heinz H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea radiography surgery Encephalocele surgery Endoscopy methods Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Humans Male Meningocele surgery Middle Aged Reconstructive Surgical Procedures methods Retrospective Studies Sphenoid Sinus surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.236 10.4193/Rhin08.236 19936360 19936359 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks with the use of lower turbinate grafts: a retrospective review of 125 cases. 362-8 Endoscopic transnasal approaches to the skull base have revolutionized the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae, making repair less invasive and more effective compared with craniotomy or extracranial techniques. This study evaluated, retrospectively, the results of endoscopic repair of dural defects with the use of mucoperiostal grafts taken from the lower turbinate. Between January 1997 and January 2007, 125 cases of anterior skull base CSF fistulae were treated endoscopically at the Instituto Felippu de Otorrinolaringologia, Sao Paolo, Brazil, and at the Department of Otolaryngology of the University Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti", Foggia, Italy. Fistula closure was achieved by overlay apposition of a lower turbinate mucoperiostal graft fixated with fibrin glue and Surgicell. The etiology of the fistula was accidental trauma in 41 cases, iatrogenic trauma in 29, skull base tumour in 12, and spontaneous in 43. The site of the defect was the sphenoid sinus in 43 patients, the cribriform plate in 42, the anterior ethmoid roof in 21, the posterior ethmoid roof in 17, and the posterior wall of the frontal sinus in 2. The success rate at first attempt was 94.4%; the 7 cases of postoperative recurrent CSF leakage involved patients presenting with spontaneous fistula and elevated intracranial pressure; 5 of these had a body-mass index > 30 and 3 suffered from diabetes mellitus. In our hands, the success rate of endoscopic fistula repair was high, even in defects larger than 2 cm. Success rates may be further improved with accurate diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure, a contributing factor to failure of spontaneous fistula repair. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. m.cassano@unifg.it Cassano Michele M Felippu Alexandre A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis epidemiology surgery Comorbidity Endoscopy Female Fistula surgery Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa transplantation Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Retrospective Studies Skull Base surgery Transplantation, Autologous Turbinates transplantation 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.175 10.4193/Rhin08.175 19936359 19936358 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Surgical outcomes of endoscopic management of adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal cavity. 354-61 To report the surgical outcomes of endoscopic resection of adenocarcinomas of the Sinonasal cavity. Retrospective chart review of patients presenting with adenocarcinoma of the anterior skull base between 1998-2008. All patients who underwent wholly endoscopic resection were included in the study. Twelve patients presented with adenocarcinoma involving the sino-nasal cavity. At diagnosis 6 patients were staged as a T2, 5 as a T3 and one as a T4. All of the patients had successful removal of the tumour entirely endoscopically. Three patients recurred: 2 locally and 1 with distant metastases. Overall, 11 patients are alive and free of disease and 1 patient dead of disease. We found an overall disease free survival rate and overall survival rate of 91.6%. The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 96 months with a median of 30 months. Endoscopic management of adenocarcinoma of the sino-nasal cavity can be a viable treatment option to craniofacial resection. With the advancement in endoscopic equipment and surgeon skill, larger tumours may be managed wholly endoscopically. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. Jardeleza Camille C Seiberling Kristin K Floreani Steve S Wormald Peter-John PJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenocarcinoma mortality surgery Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms mortality surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms surgery Prostheses and Implants Surgical Mesh Treatment Outcome 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.222 10.4193/Rhin08.222 19936358 19936357 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Human papillomavirus in rare unilateral benign intranasal tumours. 349-53 Inverted papilloma (IP), oncocytic papilloma (OP), respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) and capillary hemangioma (CH) are benign and rare tumours. OP and IP are associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) may play a role in malignant transformation. We aimed to investigate the presence of HPV, inflammation, epithelial dysplasia, and prognostic markers including proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth fac- tor receptor (EGFR) and p53 in tissue specimens from rare unilateral intranasal benign tumours. Presence of HPV DNA was detected by PCR. Proliferative cell nuclear antigen, EGFR, p53 expression and the presence of HPV type 16 in tissues were determined by immuno-histochemical analysis. We determined the presence of HPV DNA in 2 of 6 IP cases, in one CH patient and one OP patient, but the REAH patient was negative. Histologically, only one specimen with IP was positive for HPV type 16 being the high risk type. The remaining cases were considered as low risk type HPV. Although our patient numbers are limited, there is a significant association between IP and HPV. This is the first study showing the cooccurrence of CH and OP with HPV. Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. Kirdar Sevin S Basak Sema S Odobasi Onur O Doger Furuzan Kacar FK Erpek Gokhan G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 DNA, Viral 0 Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen 0 Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 EC 2.7.10.1 EGFR protein, human EC 2.7.10.1 Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor IM Adult Aged Alphapapillomavirus isolation & purification metabolism Cell Transformation, Neoplastic DNA, Viral analysis Female Hemangioma, Capillary virology Human papillomavirus 16 metabolism Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa virology Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen metabolism Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor metabolism Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 09.010 10.4193/Rhin09.010 19936357 19936356 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Predicting the site of attachment of sinonasal inverted papilloma. 345-8 Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a benign, epithelial neoplasm, which has a propensity for malignant transformation and recurrence. The evolution of endoscopic trans-nasal surgery has facilitated less destructive and, more functionally and cosmetically acceptable approaches to this tumour. Recurrence rates have been shown to be more favourable than after traditional external approaches. Precise surgery is enhanced by pre-operative localisation of the site of tumour attachment. The aim of this study was to examine, in a prospective fashion, the predictive value of osteitis on the pre-operative CT scan of the paranasal sinuses at correctly identifying the site of attachment of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Pre-operative CT scans of the paranasal sinuses in 24 patients with histology-proven sinonasal inverted papilloma were examined for osteitis, allowing a prediction of the site of attachment. Coronal reformats of thin-cut (1mm) axial CT scans were evaluated. Intra-operatively, the actual site of tumour attachment was established. A correlation between the predicted and actual site of tumour attachment was calculated. The predictive value of the osteitis sign was 95%. Pre-operative identification of osteitis can be used in 95% of cases to accurately predict the intra-operative site of attachment of sinonasal inverted papilloma. University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom. rajiv.bhalla@cmft.nhs.uk Bhalla R K RK Wright E D ED eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms epidemiology pathology Osteitis epidemiology Papilloma, Inverted epidemiology pathology radiography surgery Paranasal Sinuses radiography Prospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 08.229 10.4193/Rhin08.229 19936356 19936354 2009 11 25 2010 02 19

0300-0729 47 4 2009 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The endoscope: new opportunities requiring new skills. 337-8 Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Editorial Introductory Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Clinical Competence Endoscopes Endoscopy Humans Nose Diseases diagnosis surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods 2009 11 26 6 0 2009 11 26 6 0 2010 2 20 6 0 ppublish 09.04 10.4193/Rhin09.04 19936354 18853881 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The use of Mitomycin C to reduce adhesions and prevent restenosis of middle meatal antrostomy after FESS. 249; author reply 249 Bajaj Y Y Sethi N N Shayah A A Coatesworth A A eng Comment Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors 50-07-7 Mitomycin IM Rhinology. 2008 Jun;46(2):107-11 18575010 Administration, Topical Adolescent Adult Aged Constriction, Pathologic etiology prevention & control Endoscopy adverse effects Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus surgery Middle Aged Mitomycin administration & dosage Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors administration & dosage Recurrence prevention & control Rhinitis prevention & control surgery Sinusitis prevention & control surgery Tissue Adhesions etiology prevention & control 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853881 18853880 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Trifurcate middle turbinate; an unusual anatomical variation. 246-8 Anatomical variations of supernumerary middle turbinates include a secondary middle turbinate, which is a bony projection arising from the lateral nasal wall and covered by soft tissue, and an accessory middle turbinate, which is a medially bent uncinate process. Although pneumatization of the middle turbinate is common, inferior turbinate pneumatization is very rare. We report what we believe is the first case of a middle turbinate split into three divisions, i.e. trifurcated. This co-existed with a pneumatized inferior turbinate. Otolaryngology Department, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. azews@yahoo.com Eweiss Ahmed A Khatwa Mohamed M Abo MM Zeitoun Hisham H eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Female Humans Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turbinates abnormalities radiography 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853880 18853879 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A frontal mucocele caused by an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with HIV infection. 243-5 We describe a 55-year-old bisexual Belgian man with a multi-drug resistant HIV infection who developed an Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) presenting as a mucocele of the frontal sinus, one year after starting a new effective darunavir containing antiretroviral treatment regimen. His CD4+ lymphocyte count had increased from 3 cells/mm3 prior to the start of the latter treatment to 196 cells/mm3 just before he developed the IRIS phenomenon. IRIS is a paradoxical clinical deterioration during highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), due to an exaggerated immune-inflammatory reaction. With the increasing numbers of persons living with HIV infection and the increased use of HAART it is expected that in the future more otolaryngological manifestations of IRIS will be detected. University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. bcoleb@itg.be Colebunders B B Claes G G Vlieghe E E Demeester R R Moerman F F Colebunders R R eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections drug therapy Humans Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome chemically induced diagnosis immunology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Mucocele chemically induced diagnosis immunology Paranasal Sinus Diseases chemically induced diagnosis immunology 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853879 18853878 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Repeated early debridement does not provide significant symptomatic benefit after ESS. 238-42 Postoperative debridement is considered essential after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), however, its effect on postoperative symptoms is largely unexplored. Methods: In the present study 90 patients undergoing ESS were randomized to debridement of the nasal cavities either three times during the first postoperative week (intervention group), or once on the 7th postoperative day (control group). Postoperative saline douching was used in both groups. The primary outcome measure was the postoperative Lund-MacKay Symptom Score. The patients in the intervention group reported less severe symptoms on all domains of the Lund-MacKay Score compared with the patients in the control group both at one and four weeks. The difference between the groups was statistically significant in discharge at one week (4.1 +/- 2.3 in the intervention group and 5.4 +/- 2.6 in the control group, p = 0.0025). At four weeks, significantly fewer nasal cavities presented with nasal secretions in the intervention group compared with the control group (14/84 vs. 38/93). Repeated debridement during the first postoperative week produced minor symptomatic benefit in patients recovering from ESS. Therefore, in terms of subjective recovery and health care costs repeated debridement is not justified during the first postoperative week after ESS. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland. tatu.kemppainen@kuh.fi Kemppainen Tatu T Seppä Juha J Tuomilehto Henri H Kokki Hannu H Nuutinen Juhani J eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chi-Square Distribution Debridement Endoscopy Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis surgery Middle Aged Prospective Studies Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853878 18853877 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic management of frontal sinus mucoeceles with anterior table erosion. 231-7 To describe the endoscopic management of frontal sinus mucoeceles with anterior table erosion. Previous hardware exposure and subsequent contour defects were also assessed. Retrospective case series. Thirty-seven patients (mean 48 yrs, range 20-78) with frontal sinus mucoeceles and anterior table erosion, endoscopically managed in a tertiary care setting, were reviewed. The demographic data, defect size, surgical technique, presence of exposed hardware, outcomes, and clinical follow-up were collected for outcome assessment The average follow-up was 32.6 months (range, 6-73). The overall long-term success rate with our initial endoscopic approach was 92% (34/37). The average size of anterior table defects was 181 mm2 (4-1155). Twelve patients had prior osteoplastic flaps (OPF) with obliteration and 57% (21/37) had previous endoscopic sinus surgeries. Ten patients with prior OPF operations had hardware exposed within the sinus from previous surgeries. Two patients eventually required an OPF with fat obliteration. Most defects were either unnoticeable or cosmetically acceptable to the patients. Only one patient required a contouring plate six months after the procedure. Ninety percent of patients were successfully managed with exposed hardware left in situ. Endoscopic marsupialization of frontal sinus mucoeceles with anterior table erosion has a high success rate with a good cosmetic outcome, often without routine reconstruction. Revision cases and those with exposed hardware did not prevent successful management. Department of Otorhinolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Woodworth Bradford A BA Harvey Richard J RJ Neal Jeffrey G JG Palmer James N JN Schlosser Rodney J RJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Frontal Sinus radiography surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Mucocele radiography surgery Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853877 18853876 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Tissue-specific immunoglobulin E in maxillary sinus mucosa of allergic fungal sinusitis. 226-30 The objectives of this prospective study were to analyze the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in maxillary sinus mucosa and to determine the importance of local tissue sIgE in the patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). We investigated tissue-specific IgE in the maxillary sinus mucosa. Thirty-four patients with rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups--AFS, fungal sinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The sIgE profile of the maxillary sinus mucosa was studied by the CAP method. Other parameters, such as allergic symptoms, presence of fungi hyphae and eosinophilic mucin in the sinus cavities as well as computed tomography (CT) scanning findings were also evaluated in all groups. All patients in the AFS group had allergic symptoms, and the serum IgE test was positive to mites or house dust, but none had a positive serum IgE response to Aspergillus. However, 85.7% of this group had tissue sIgE to Aspergillus. The local tissue sIgE profile is more specific than the systemic sIgE profile in determining the allergic status of AFS patients. Tissue sIgE for fungi may be considered as a part of AFS diagnostic criteria. Department of Otolaryngology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. Chang Yu-Tuan YT Fang Sheen-Yie SY eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adult Female Humans Hypersensitivity diagnosis immunology microbiology physiopathology Immunoglobulin E diagnostic use immunology Male Maxillary Sinus immunology Middle Aged Mycoses diagnosis immunology mortality physiopathology Prospective Studies Sinusitis diagnosis immunology microbiology physiopathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853876 18853875 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The presence of ovarian hormone receptors in the nasal mucosa and their relationship to nasal symptoms. 221-5 There is evidence in the literature showing a link between ovarian hormones and changes to nasal physiology. The aim of this pilot study was to identify and quantify female hormone receptor positive cells in the nasal mucosa and to establish if there is a correlation with rhinitic symptoms. Twenty-five adult patients attending a university hospital for routine, elective nonrhinological ENT procedures under general anaesthetic (mainly tonsillectomy) were recruited pre-operatively. Background information about each participant was recorded. Biopsies were taken from the inferior turbinates. These were analysed using immunohistochemistry techniques to assess for the presence of Progesterone, Oestrogen-alpha (ERalpha) and Oestrogen-beta (ERbeta) receptors. The mean number of cells positive for the receptors in each biopsy was deduced using a stratified random sampling technique. All nasal biopsies were negative for progesterone and ERalpha receptors. ERbeta receptors were present in the mucosal glands in 24 out of the 25 biopsies. Using unpaired t-tests to compare the sexes, smoking status and atopic history no statistical difference was shown between any of these groups (p > 0.05). However, the rhinitis quality of life questionnaire score and the mean number of ERbeta receptor positive cells per biopsy showed a positive correlation (Pearson correlation of 0.4, p < 0.05). The number of oestrogen receptor positive cells appears unaffected by sex, smoking history, hormone status, age or atopy. However, there is a significant positive relationship between the mean number of ERbeta positive cells and nasal symptoms. Pharmacological downregulation of ERbeta positive cells may reduce rhinitic symptoms and is the subject of further research. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom. carl.philpott@btinternet.com Philpott C M CM Wild D C DC Wolstensholme C R CR Murty G E GE eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Estrogen Receptor alpha 0 Estrogen Receptor beta 0 Receptors, Progesterone IM Adolescent Adult Aged Biopsy Estrogen Receptor alpha analysis Estrogen Receptor beta analysis Female Humans Immunohistochemistry methods Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa chemistry Pilot Projects Receptors, Progesterone analysis Turbinates chemistry 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853875 18853874 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Ventilation and drug delivery to the paranasal sinuses: studies in a nasal cast using pulsating airflow. 213-20 Although there is a high incidence of nasal disorders including chronic sinusitis, there is limited success in the topical drug delivery to the nose and the paranasal sinuses. This is caused by the nose being an efficient filter for inhaled aerosol particles and the paranasal sinuses being virtually non ventilated The objective of this study was to visualize the efficiency of sinus ventilation in a nasal cast using dynamic 81mKr-gas imaging in combination with pulsating airflows. Furthermore, the efficiency of the deposition of radiolabelled aerosol was assessed. Pulsation increased ventilation efficiency of the sinuses more than fivefold and aerosol deposition efficiency more than twentyfold, compared to delivery without pulsation. Furthermore pulsation increased aerosol deposition in the nasal airways by a factor of three. Using pulsating airflow Kr-gas ventilation and aerosol deposition efficiencies increased with increasing sinus volume. Pulsating airflow resulted in a deposition of up to 8% of the nebulized drug within the sinuses compared to 0.2% without pulsation. The study demonstrates the high efficiency of a pulsating airflow in paranasal sinus ventilation and aerosolized drug delivery. This proves that topical drug delivery to the paranasal sinuses in relevant quantities is possible. Clinical Cooperation Group, Inflammatory Lung Diseases', Helmholtz Center Munich--German Research Center for Environmental Health, Gauting, Germany moeller@helmholtz-muenchen.de Möller Winfried W Schuschnig Uwe U Meyer Gabriele G Mentzel Heribert H Keller Manfred M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Gases 7439-90-9 Krypton IM Administration, Intranasal Aerosols administration & dosage pharmacokinetics Drug Delivery Systems Gamma Cameras Gases diagnostic use Humans Krypton diagnostic use Paranasal Sinuses metabolism radionuclide imaging Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Pulsatile Flow Sinusitis drug therapy 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853874 18853873 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Relationship between severity of rhinitis symptoms and nasal airflow. 209-12 Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by inflammatory events that lead to the onset of typical nasal symptoms, including itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea and obstruction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between nasal airflow and severity of nasal symptoms, in a cohort of patients with PER METHODS: 312 patients with PER were prospectively and consecutively evaluated performing clinical evaluation and rhinomanometry. Significant relationship exists between severity of all nasal symptoms and degree of nasal airflow limitation (p < 0.001). This study provides the first evidence that patients with PER show close relationship between severity of nasal symptoms and nasal airflow impairment. Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy. gio.cip@libero.it Ciprandi Giorgio G Cirillo Ignazio I Pistorio Angela A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Analysis of Variance Chi-Square Distribution Female Humans Male Military Personnel Nasal Obstruction immunology physiopathology Prospective Studies Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology physiopathology Rhinomanometry Severity of Illness Index 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853873 18853872 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between allergy and rhinosinusitis. 204-8 IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is considered by some to be a predisposing factor for developing rhinosinusitis, although the theory is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between allergy and rhinosinusitis. A cross-sectional study. 198 rhinitis patients were enrolled. An allergy skin prick test was done and the subjects categorized as allergic or nonallergic. Nasal endoscopy and sinus radiography were performed. The criteria for diagnosis of rhinosinusitis were rhinitis symptoms and positive nasal endoscopy (discharge from middle and/or superior meatus) and/or abnormal sinus radiography. Allergic patients were significantly more likely to have abnormal findings on sinus radiography than non-allergic patients (p < 0.001) and would therefore fulfill the criteria on which rhinosinusitis may be diagnosed, but the two groups were not significantly different in positive nasal endoscopy results (p = 0.553). Among the patients with abnormal sinus radiography, the allergic patients were significantly less likely to have a positive nasal endoscopy compared to the nonallergic patients (p = 0.006). Allergic rhinitis subjects were significantly more likely to have abnormal findings on sinus radiography compared with nonallergic subjects potentially leading to a diagnosis of rhinosinusitis. However, they were also significantly more likely to have abnormal sinus radiography with negative nasal endoscopy than the nonallergic subject. These findings could suggest an association between allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis via IgE mediated hypersensitivity. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand. kvirat2002@yahoo.com Kirtsreesakul Virat V Ruttanaphol Suwalee S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adolescent Adult Allergens immunology Chi-Square Distribution Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Hypersensitivity immunology Immunoglobulin E immunology Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Rhinitis immunology radiography Sinusitis immunology radiography Skin Tests 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853872 18853871 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Does peak nasal inspiratory flow relate to peak expiratory flow? 200-3 Measurement of Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) seems to be a cheap and easily performed method to assess nasal patency. As demonstrated in a previous work, PNIF is influenced by SEX, AGE and HEIGHT. However there is a large degree of between-patient variability in PNIF levels. The purpose of this analysis is to determine whether the measurement of the pulmonary ventilatory capacity, by mean of Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), enables more precise determination of PNIF. Repeated measurements of PNIF and PEF were performed in 112 volunteers. 100 of these fulfilled the study criteria (55 females and 45 males) and all of them were non-smokers, non-asthmatic, without nose and paranasal sinuses problems, with ages ranging from 15 to 71 years. Statistical analysis was undertaken to determine whether a relationship existed between PNIF and age, sex and height, but which also considered PEF. The data from both experiments were analysed together. In both groups there is a clear tendency for PNIF to increase with PEF. As clearly demonstrated in this work the value of PEF is informative in predicting PNIF and that the larger the value of PEF, the larger the value of PNIF. PNIF is a useful method to study nasal patency in both primary and secondary care to aid diagnosis of nasal disease, but low values of PNIF have to be confirmed by a study of the PEF as PNIF low values may be an expression of low ventilatory activity rather than an expression of nasal obstruction. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Ottaviano Giancarlo G Lund Valerie J VJ Coles Stuart S Staffieri Alberto A Scadding Glenis K GK eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Body Height Female Humans Inhalation Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Nose Diseases diagnosis physiopathology Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinomanometry instrumentation Sex Factors 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853871 18853870 2008 10 15 2009 01 08 2011 04 11

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Sphenoid sinus symmetry and differences between sexes. 195-9 To evaluate the anatomic variations of neurovascular structures adjacent to the sphenoid sinus and their agreement between right and left sides as well as differences between sexes. Forty-five cadavers were dissected (24 men, and differences between sexes and agreement of anatomic variations of the sphenoid sinus between sides were analyzed. The mean distance from the sphenoid sinus ostium to the anterior nasal spine was greater in males than in females by an average of 3.0 mm (p = 0.001) while the mean difference of distances between the right and left side was -1.1 +/- 3.1 mm. Female cadavers had a greater frequency of optic-carotid recess (p = 0.04) and dehiscence over the maxillary nerve (p = 0.02), as well as greater relative risk of optic nerve protrusion (p < 0.001), and dehiscence over the internal carotid artery (ICA) (p = 0.002). In male cadavers the intersinus septum was inserted on the course of the ICA 3.5 times more often than in female (p = 0.02). Agreement of anatomic variations between sides ranged from moderate to almost perfect depending on the structures evaluated. There are anatomic differences of the sphenoid sinus between sexes and between right and left sides, and these differences should be taken into consideration during surgery. Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. bcaf@terra.com.br Filho Bernardo Cunha Araújo BC Pinheiro-Neto Carlos Diógenes CD Neto Carlos Diógenes Pinheiro CD Weber Raimar R Voegels Richard Louis RL eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(1):103 Neto, Carlos Diógenes Pinheiro [corrected to Pinheiro-Neto, Carlos Diógenes] Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cadaver Female Humans Male Middle Aged Sex Factors Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology blood supply innervation Statistics, Nonparametric 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853870 18853869 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Surgical anatomy of the frontal recess--is there a benefit in multiplanar CT-reconstruction? 188-94 Anatomical variations in the sinus region are not necessarily pathological, but they may complicate the anatomy of the lateral nasal wall and contribute to the occurrence or persistence of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study the interpretations of initial coronal CT scans were significantly altered following multiplanar CT-reconstruction. Assuming that a multiplanar analysis includes coronal views, we may conclude that imaging in three planes yields more information and provides a substantial benefit in the planning and performance of a surgical procedure on the paranasal sinuses. Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. andreas.leunig@med.uni-muenchen.de Leunig A A Sommer B B Betz C S CS Sommer F F eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Frontal Sinus anatomy & histology cytology radiography Humans Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853869 18853868 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Kinetics of olfactory function following endonasal sinus surgery for nasal polyposis. 184-7 Sinus surgery is known to improve olfactory function in patients with nasal polyposis. However, little is known about the kinetics of this process. Fifty-two adult patients with nasal polyposis underwent endonasal sinus surgery. Olfactory testing was performed with the Sniffin' Sticks assessing threshold (T), discrimination (D) and identification (I) giving the TDI score. Testing was performed 2 days prior to surgery (T1), as well as 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), 3 months (T4), and 6 months (T5) following surgery. The median TDI score was 15.4 (range 8.0-35.5) at T1, indicating that half the patients were anosmic before surgery, while 13.5% were normosmic. At T2, the median TDI score dropped to 8.0 (range 8.0-32.1). Thereafter, it improved to 21.7 (range 8.0-36.9) at T3 (p = 0.04), 22.8 (range 8.0-38.0) at T4 (p < 0.0005), and 27.0 (range 8.0-37.9) at T5 (p < 0.0005), respectively. 43.1% of patients were normosmic at T5, however, 21.6% remained anosmic. Each subtest followed the same pattern. No significant effect on the kinetics of olfactory function could be found for variables such as systemic steroids, partial resection of the middle turbinate, inferior turbinotomy, and allergic rhinitis. Endonasal sinus surgery significantly improved the severely impaired olfactory function in patients with nasal polyposis. Olfactory function dropped shortly after surgery, and subsequently increased steadily up to the endpoint of the study 6 months postoperatively. University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Heidelberg, Germany. federspil@med.uni-heidelberg.de Federspil Philipp A PA Wilhelm-Schwenk Ruth R Constantinidis Jannis J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis of Variance Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis etiology physiopathology Olfactory Perception physiology Prospective Studies Sensory Thresholds physiology 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853868 18853867 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory performance of patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy subjects in hunger and satiety. 175-83 The aim of this study was to compare the olfactory performance of anorectic patients and healthy controls with regard to the state of satiety. Using the Sniffin' Sticks, sensitivity to a nonfood odor (n-butanol) and to a food-related odor (isoamyl acetate) was assessed in 12 anorectic females and compared with 24 healthy controls. Threshold tests were performed in a hungry as well as in a satiated state, odor discrimination and odor identification only when satiated. Pleasantness of the odors was recorded. In terms of the non-food odor n-butanol, the olfactory sensitivity of anorectic patients and controls did not differ. Patients with anorexia nervosa had a significantly lower detection threshold for the food-related odor, but only in the hungry condition. Anorectic patients showed significant deficits in odor discrimination and identification, and under-evaluated the pleasantness of isoamyl acetate. Our results suggest an impaired projection from secondary to tertiary olfactory structures in anorexia nervosa, based upon the dichotomy of performance between detection threshold and odor discrimination/dentification. The reduced pleasantness of isoamyl acetate indicates a decreased olfactory responsiveness to food stimuli in anorexia nervosa. Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany. tatjana.schreder@med.uni-muenchen.de Schreder Tatjana T Albrecht Jessica J Kleemann Anna Maria AM Schöpf Veronika V Kopietz Rainer R Anzinger Andrea A Demmel Maria M Linn Jennifer J Pollatos Olga O Wiesmann Martin M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Butanols 0 Pentanols 123-92-2 isoamyl acetate IM Adolescent Adult Anorexia Nervosa physiopathology Butanols Case-Control Studies Female Humans Hunger Olfaction Disorders physiopathology Olfactory Perception physiology Pentanols Psychometrics Questionnaires Satiation Sensory Thresholds Statistics, Nonparametric 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853867 18853866 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Trigeminal event-related potentials in patients with olfactory dysfunction. 170-4 There are mutual interactions between the olfactory and trigeminal systems. The purpose of this study was (1) to assess trigeminal sensitivity using chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs) in patients with olfactory dysfunction and (2) to evaluate whether trigeminal ERPs were different with regard to the presence or absence of olfactory ERPs. Prospective study of 60 patients who presented with olfactory dysfunction (postinfectious olfactory loss: n = 19, posttraumatic olfactory loss: n = 28, and olfactory loss due to idiopathic, or toxic causes: n = 13). All patients were extensively evaluated with an orthonasal olfactory test based on the "Sniffin' Sticks". In addition, chemosensory ERPs were recorded in response to olfactory and trigeminal stimulation. Olfactory/trigeminal ERPs were recorded in 25/60 patients, respectively. Patients with no detectable olfactory ERPs, considered as severely affected, demonstrated an altered trigeminal sensitivity as indicated by an increase in P2 latencies and a decrease in both, P2 and N1-P2 amplitudes compared to patients with detectable olfactory ERPs. A regression analysis showed a negative relation between P2 latencies and the "Sniffin' Sticks"score (r = -0.46, p < 0.001). Patients with severe olfactory dysfunction demonstrated decreased trigeminal sensitivity as indicated by electrophysiological measures. This study supports the idea of interactions between the chemical senses. Whether altered responses to trigeminal stimulation may be used as a prognostic measure related to recovery from olfactory loss remains to be demonstrated. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@uclouvain.be Rombaux Ph P Mouraux A A Keller T T Hummel T T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Evoked Potentials physiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders physiopathology Olfactory Pathways physiopathology Olfactory Perception physiology Prospective Studies Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Statistics, Nonparametric Trigeminal Nerve physiopathology 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853866 18853865 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Does odour cross contamination alter olfactory thresholds in certain odours? 166-9 To determine if 1) there is cross contamination between odours tested on thresholds achieved, 2) a delay period is necessary between testing different odours. Thirty-five subjects underwent threshold testing with phenethyl alcohol (PEA), ethylmercaptan (MER), acetic acid (ACE), and eucalyptol (EUC) using serial logarithmic dilutions. On separate occasions subjects were exposed to high concentrations of PEA, ACE and EUC in random order for two minutes, and thresholds for all four odours re-tested. Pre- and post-high concentration odour thresholds were compared. Exposure to high concentrations of PEA, ACE and EUC does not alter olfactory thresholds by more than 10-2 for the other odours except in specific circumstances with ACE and EUV. There is limited cross contamination with ACE and EUC, which is avoided by specifying presentation order as: PEA, MER, ACE, EUC. Odours PEA, MER, ACE and EUC are recommended for olfactory testing. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom. julesgaskin@hotmail.com Gaskin J A JA Robinson A M AM Philpott C M CM Goodenough P C PC Clark A A Murty G E GE eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cyclohexanols 0 Monoterpenes 0 Sulfhydryl Compounds 470-82-6 cineole 60-12-8 Phenylethyl Alcohol 64-19-7 Acetic Acid 75-08-1 ethanethiol IM Acetic Acid Adult Aged Cyclohexanols Female Humans Male Middle Aged Monoterpenes Odors Phenylethyl Alcohol Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology Statistics, Nonparametric Sulfhydryl Compounds 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853865 18853864 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Neurogenic inflammation of the upper airway mucosa. 163-5 Chronic inflammation of the upper airway mucosa is most likely caused by multiple factors, but is frequently associated with local neurogenic inflammation. This phenomenon can be induced by the inhalation of exogenous particles and chemicals present in our environment, as well as irritants produced endogenously. These irritants, i.e. histamine, H+ or bradykinin, can stimulate the abundant afferent sensory nerves endings, epithelial and neuroendocrine cells present in the upper airways mucosa. These structures can interact with our immune and neural cells by producing pro-inflammatory neuropeptides, cytokines, chemokines and neurotrophins. This short review summarizes some of our current knowledge with regard to the role of airborne chemical stimuli and their possible implications in the development of chronic inflammation of the upper airways mucosa. Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland. Silvain.Lacroix@hcuge.ch Lacroix J S JS Landis B N BN eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Air Pollutants 0 Inflammation Mediators 0 Irritants IM Air Pollutants toxicity Humans Inflammation Mediators physiology Irritants toxicity Neuroendocrine Cells drug effects Neurogenic Inflammation etiology physiopathology Nose innervation Respiratory Mucosa cytology drug effects innervation Respiratory Tract Diseases etiology physiopathology Sensory Receptor Cells drug effects 35 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853864 18853863 2008 10 15 2009 01 08

0300-0729 46 3 2008 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nervous about noses? 161-2 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Neurogenic Inflammation physiopathology Nose innervation Nose Diseases physiopathology Olfaction Disorders physiopathology Smell physiology 2008 10 16 9 0 2009 1 9 9 0 2008 10 16 9 0 ppublish 18853863 18444498 2008 04 30 2008 07 03 2011 11 17

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour occurring in the maxillary sinus. 75-8 A 12-year-old boy complained of swelling of the left cheek. Fiberscopic examination revealed the presence of a soft reddish mass in the middle meatus of the left nostril. CT scan showed a large mass completely filling the left maxillary sinus. The lesion originated from the maxillary sinus and extended to the middle nasal meatus; bone destruction and invasion of the subcutaneous tissue of the cheek were noted. T2-weighted MRI images revealed a heterogeneous signal in the left maxillary sinus. Under general anaesthesia, biopsies were obtained through an intraoral incision. On pathology, atypical cells containing irregular nuclei with scanty cytoplasm were noted. The tumour cells were strongly positive for CD99 and reacted weakly with NSE however the cells were negative for synaptophysin, LCA and cytokeratin on immunohistochemical examination. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy; subsequently, the tumour's size decreased markedly. After 20 months of follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of local tumour growth or metastasis. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan. supercar@almond.ocn.ne.jp Kawabata Masaki M Yoshifuku Kosuke K Sagara Yukari Y Kurono Yuichi Y eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Combined Modality Therapy Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms pathology radiography therapy Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive pathology radiography therapy Sarcoma, Ewing pathology radiography therapy 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444498 18444497 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Frontal sinus obliteration--a successful treatment option in patients with endoscopically inaccessible frontal mucoceles. 70-4 This study evaluates non-standardized subjective patient satisfaction- and clinical outcome variables following frontal sinus obliteration with abdominal fat in endoscopically inaccessible mucoceles. In a retrospective chart review, all patients who underwent frontal sinus obliteration for endoscopically inaccessible mucoceles at the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich between 1996 and 2006 were identified and the postoperative outcomes were evaluated by a non-standardized patient questionnaire rating the degree of symptoms before and after surgery. Additionally, the postoperative clinical status and MRI-scans were analysed in a subgroup of patients. Nine out of 10 patients were generally satisfied with the obliteration. Most had a significant improvement in their main symptoms and reported a decrease in annual days of missed work and a reduced use of disease-specific drugs. The sense of smell and the intensity of postnasal dripping remained subjectively unchanged. Seventy percent of patients complained about temporary pain at the abdominal donor side. Based on these results, osteoplastic frontal sinus obliteration using abdominal fat seems to be a successful treatment option in patients in whom mucoceles of the frontal sinus are not endoscopically accessible. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Munich, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. Kristin J J Betz C S CS Stelter K K Berghaus A A Leunig A A eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adipose Tissue transplantation Adult Aged Female Follow-Up Studies Frontal Sinus pathology surgery Frontal Sinusitis pathology surgery Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Mucocele pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Patient Satisfaction Questionnaires Retrospective Studies Surgical Flaps Treatment Outcome 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444497 18444496 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal valve surgery; our experience with the valve suspension technique. 66-9 To describe and evaluate our experience with the surgical technique of nasal valve suspension for treating nasal valve insufficiency. Twenty patients with nasal valve insufficiency underwent nasal valve suspension (a total of 33 sides). The patients were prospectively studied and their nasal patency was rated per side pre- and postoperatively, by subjective self-evaluation on a scale from 1 to 10. Post-operatively 7 sides (21%) were rated as unchanged, on 17 sides (52%) the improvement was from 1 to 3 out of 10, and on 9 sides (27%) 4 or more out of 10. The average post-operative improvement for all sides was 2.3 out of 10. In five patients (25%) complications occurred, such as pain, inflammation and suborbital swelling and three eventually underwent a re-exploration of the surgical area, resulting in a permanent scar in one patient. Although nasal valve suspension may be beneficial for some patients, based on our experience, we would not recommend this technique as first line treatment for nasal valve insufficiency. In this series we found relatively limited improvement in most patients and a far higher complication rate compared with other nasal valve procedures we have had experience with in the past. Department of Otolaryngology/Facial Plastic Surgery, Rijnland Hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands. r.andre@rijnland.nl André Robert F RF Vuyk Hadé D HD eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Postoperative Complications Prospective Studies Rhinoplasty methods Suture Techniques Treatment Outcome 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444496 18444495 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Septal cartilage reshaping with the use of an Erbium doped glass fiber laser. Preliminary results. 62-5 To evaluate the efficacy of Erbium doped glass fiber laser in patients undergoing nasal septal cartilage reshaping. A prospective study was conducted in patients undergoing laser nasal septal cartilage reshaping. Microsurgical sponges soaked in a tetracaine solution plus adrenaline were applied in each side of the nose for ten minutes before the procedure. The cartilage of nasal septum was straightened and fixed in the median position using a modified nasal speculum. An optothermomechanical contactor with transparent indenter and thermocouple sensor was placed on septal regions of maximum mechanical stress. Patients were asked to evaluate the severity of pain during the procedure on a visual analog scale. A rhinomanometric evaluation was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively. All patients were asked to evaluate the improvement of their symptoms. All patients' data and potential complications were entered in a database and were statistically assessed. Our series consisted of 64 patients. Statistical analysis showed significant improvement of their symptoms and of rhinomanometric results. No complications or side effects occurred. The mean operative time was 35 minutes. Septal cartilage reshaping is an easy painless and bloodless method using en Erbium doped glass fiber Laser. Laser device LSC-701 (Arcuo Medical Inc.) is effective, safe and inexpensive medical equipment. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. bourolias@hotmail.com Bourolias Constantinos C Prokopakis Emmanuel E Sobol Emil E Moschandreas Joanna J Velegrakis George A GA Helidonis Emmanuel E eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7440-52-0 Erbium IM Adult Erbium Female Humans Laser Therapy instrumentation methods Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Nose Prospective Studies Rhinometry, Acoustic Rhinoplasty methods 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444495 18444494 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Objective measurement of the deviated nose and a review of surgical techniques for correction. 56-61 Although many surgical techniques have been introduced, there are few clinical studies investigating postoperative results in crooked nose deformity. The aim of this study is to discuss the surgical choices for specific deformities and to report the long-term quantitative surgical results of our cases. One hundred and twenty cases (38 women, 82 men) with crooked noses (48 I-shaped, 72 C-shaped) operated on by the authors were included in the study. The patients have been followed for 6 to 46 months (mean 19 months) postoperatively. The Scion Image software program was utilized for numerical measurement of the nasal crookedness. In cases with I-shaped and C-shaped crooked nose deformity, preoperative and postoperative angle values were as follows: 6.84 +/- 2.58 degrees, 2.01 +/- 1.53, 152.97 +/- 9.03 degrees and 173.67 +/- 4.55 degrees, respectively. In both groups, postoperative correction rates were statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Despite these results, patients undergoing surgical treatment should be informed about imperfect outcomes, possibility of persistent deformity and the need of revision surgery. Inonu University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Malatya, Turkey. tamerdem@hotmail.com Erdem Tamer T Ozturan Orhan O eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Anthropometry methods Female Humans Male Nose abnormalities anatomy & histology surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Retrospective Studies Rhinoplasty methods Treatment Outcome 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444494 18444493 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Dynamics of early phase congestion after nasal allergen provocation. 52-5 It is generally accepted that congestion during the nasal provocation is most pronounced at about 15 minutes after allergen application. However, it may reach its peak at a different time. This can cause inaccurate assessment of the nasal challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of early phase congestion during nasal allergen provocation (NPT) and its reproducibility. Two nasal allergen challenges were performed in 26 allergic rhinitis volunteers. Acoustic Rhinometry measurements were recorded beJbre, and then every 5 minutes/for 30 minutes after the allergen application. The sum of cross-sectional areas at the level of the head of inferior nasal turbinate (CSA-2) of both nasal passages was analyzed. The mean time to the occurrence of maximum congestion was 20 minutes. The maximum congestion differed significantly from that recorded at 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The observed patterns of congestive response were not consistent, with inter- and intra-individual differences regarding the time to maximum congestion. Percentage change in airway dimension recorded at the maximum congestion was found the least variable. Evaluation of the maximum congestion pattern during the NPT gives more accurate data compared to a single measurement of nasal patency. Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. gotlib@amwaw.edu.pl Gotlib Tomasz T Samoliński Bolesław B Grzanka Antoni A Balcerzak Jarosław J eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Adolescent Adult Allergens diagnostic use Differential Threshold Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology Nasal Provocation Tests methods Rhinometry, Acoustic Time Factors 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444493 18444492 2008 04 30 2008 07 03 2010 11 18

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Investigation of the effects of intranasal botulinum toxin type A and ipratropium bromide nasal spray on nasal hypersecretion in idiopathic rhinitis without eosinophilia. 45-51 Idiopathic rhinitis without eosinophilia is a group of frequently observed diseases, the aetiopathogenesis of which is not yet well known. One of the most disturbing symptoms for patients within this disease group is nasal hypersecretion. Although many different treatments have been tried for hypersecretion, nasal topical drugs form the basis of any such therapy today. Ipratropium bromide (IB) is a drug offirst choice in nasal hypersecretion therapy. It displays a parasympatholytic effect in topical use and antagonizes acetylcholine transport in efferent parasympathetic nerves, thus decreasing submucosal gland secretion, which is the cause of hypersecretion. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is among the alternative treatment choices that is increasingly used in symptomatic treatment of nasal hypersecretion. Our study was planned with the aim of comparing the effect of these two groups of drugs on nasal hypersecretion. Thirty-eight patients who were diagnosed with idiopathic rhinitis without eosinophilia were included in the study and were divided in 3 different groups: In the first group, a total of 10 units of BTX-A were injected into both nasal cavities. In the second group, 3x2 IB was injected into both nasal cavities for 4 weeks. The third group received intranasal physiologic saline as placebo. The patients were evaluated in terms of nasal hypersecretion with visual analogue scale prior to the treatment and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 during the follow-up period. Throughout the 8 weeks follow-up period, the patient complaints displayed a 41.2% decrease in the group that received BTX-A and a 61.4% decrease in the group which received IB, while no change was observed in the control group. Both drug groups were well tolerated by the patients, with no serious adverse or systemic effects. As a result, while IB and BTX-A differ in terms of method of application, they display a similar degree and duration of efficiency in hypersecretion therapy. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey. Sapci Tarik T Yazici Sara S Evcimik M Fatih MF Bozkurt Ziya Z Karavus Ahmet A Ugurlu Bayram B Ozkurt Emre E eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Bronchodilator Agents 0 Neuromuscular Agents 60205-81-4 Ipratropium EC 3.4.24.69 Botulinum Toxins, Type A IM Administration, Intranasal Aged Botulinum Toxins, Type A administration & dosage Bronchodilator Agents administration & dosage Female Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage Male Middle Aged Mucus secretion Nasal Mucosa physiopathology secretion Neuromuscular Agents administration & dosage Prospective Studies Rhinitis drug therapy physiopathology Treatment Outcome 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444492 18444491 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis; indicia of heterogeneity. 40-4 Nasal polyposis (NP) is considered to be a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However differences in cellular and mediator profiles suggest that they could be distinct entities. To look for group differences in characteristics and symptom severity before and after surgery in patients suffering from CRS and bilateral NP that could clinically support the hypothesis that NP and CRS are different pathological processes and to compare the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in CRS patients and NP patients. Forty-five patients with CRS and 57 patients with bilateral NP were included in this prospective trial. We used t-tests for independent groups to compare preoperative symptoms as recorded on visual analogue scale (VAS). To evaluate if there were differences in symptom improvement between the groups we used analysis of covariance. Categorical variables were compared using exact tests. Mean age was 38 years for the CRS group and 47 years for the NP group, the difference was significant (p = 0.0001). NP patients underwent significantly more posterior ethmoidectomies than patients suffering from CRS (p = 0.001), and asthma was significantly more prevalent in NP than in CRS (p = 0.007). Comparing preoperative symptoms as recorded on VAS we found significant differences. While patients with NP suffered significantly more from nasal blockage and change in their sense of smell than CRS patients, patients with CRS presented with more facial pain and headache. There were no differences in symptom improvement, as both conditions responded similarly to FESS. Differences in symptom severity, nasal endoscopy, age of patients and prevalence of asthma indicate that NP and CRS are different entities. Nevertheless, both conditions respond similarly to FESS. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St Olav University Hospital of Trondheim, and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. vegard.bugten@ntnu.no Bugten Vegard V Nordgård Ståle S Romundstad Pål P Steinsvåg Sverre S eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Headache Humans Male Nasal Polyps pathology surgery Pain Prospective Studies Rhinitis pathology surgery Severity of Illness Index Sinusitis pathology surgery Smell Treatment Outcome 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444491 18444490 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A study of olfactory testing in patients with rhinological pathology in the ENT clinic. 34-9 Despite the common occurrence of rhinological pathology presenting to the ENT clinic, routine testing of olfactory ability is rarely performed. The aim of this study was to determine the role of routine olfactory testing. This was a prospective study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a district general hospital. Patients presenting with rhinological complaints had their olfactory status assessed using the combined olfactory test (COT) before and after rhinological surgery. Eighty patients (56 men, 24 women) had tests completed over a 12-month period. Patients assessed mostly had nasal polyposis, chronic rhinosinusitis or septal deformity. 83% of patients had either a complaint of olfactory disturbance or a COT score of 6 or less, or had both; but correlation between symptoms and scores was poor. Post-operative COT scores showed significant improvement (p = 0.02) with post-septoplasty patients showing the most significant improvement as a group (p = 0.001). Olfactory disturbance is very common in rhinological pathology and the patient's history alone cannot be relied upon. Simple olfactory assessment, such as with the combined olfactory test, is easy to perform and cheap to use and should be a commonly used resource in the ENT clinic. Formal testing can help to document any pre-existing olfactory loss and any post-operative changes as well as detecting unreported hyposmia. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, James Paget University Hospital NHS Trust, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, United Kingdom. carl.philpott@btinternet.com Philpott C M CM Rimal D D Tassone P P Prinsley P R PR Premachandra D J DJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Male Olfaction Disorders diagnosis etiology physiopathology Outpatients Prospective Studies Rhinitis complications pathology Sensory Thresholds Sinusitis complications pathology Smell physiology 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444490 18444489 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Foreign bodies in the nose causing complications and requiring hospitalization in children 0-14 age: results from the European survey of foreign bodies injuries study. 28-33 The occurrence of foreign bodies (FB) in otorhinolaryngological practice is a common and serious problem among pediatric patients. The aim of this work is to characterize the risk of complications and prolonged hospitalization due to FBs in the nose in terms of the characteristics of the injured patients (age, gender), typology and features of the FBs, the circumstances of the accident and the hospitalization's details. A retrospective study of FB associated injuries, assessing the characteristics of the injured child and the FB, the circumstances of the accident and finally the hospitalization details took place on children aged 0-14 in major hospitals of 19 European countries. In total 688 cases were assessed. Complications and hospitalization occurred in 59 and 52 cases, respectively. Over 51% of patients were females. The median age of children who experienced a complication was four years. In the majority of cases FB removal was accomplished by means of a non-invasive technique (rhinoscopy with a nasal speculum or rigid fiberoptic endoscope. The majority of children were directly referred to the ENT department. The most common FBs associated with complications and hospitalization were nuts, seeds, berries, corn and beans, batteries and other inorganic objects such as broken parts of pens, paper clips and pearls. Over 38% of the injuries occurred under adults' supervision. FB injuries in the nose are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Even if the presence of a FB is not usually life threatening, it may result in long-term complications such as perforation of the septum. Because the risks associated with FB injuries, public education about this problem is recommended. Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Torino, Italy. dario.gregori@unito.it Gregori Dario D Salerni Lorenzo L Scarinzi Cecilia C Morra Bruno B Berchialla Paola P Snidero Silvia S Corradetti Roberto R Passali Desiderio D ESFBI Study Group eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Data Collection Endoscopy Europe epidemiology Female Foreign Bodies complications epidemiology therapy Hospitalization statistics & numerical data Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Nose injuries Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Corradetti Roberto R Gregori Dario D Passali Desiderio D Snidero Silvia S Klaus Albegger A Isidor Huttegger H Gernot Schulz S Bauer Jan J Bernard Bertrand B Todor Karchev K Tzolo Tzolov T Ranko Mladina M Lana Kovac K Slapak Ivo I Mirko Tos T Caye-Thomasen Per P Pitkäranta Anne A Volker Jahnke J Onder Göktas G Simasko Nikola N Chroni Matilda M Christopoulos Ioannis I Passàli Desiderio D Bellussi Luisa L Passàli Giulio Cesare GC Passàli Francesco F Damiani Valerio V Mieczysław Chmielik C Dorin Sarafoleanu S Codrut Sarafoleanu S Gheorghe Dan Cristian DC Janka Jakubíková J Miha Zargi Z Ales Groselj G Ales Matos M Lorenzo Rubio R Javiver Cervera C Pontus Stierna S Philippe Pasche P Ahmed Cherif C Metin Onerci O Ozden Ciftci Arbay CA Riza Doğan D John Graham G Peter Rea R Rupert Obholtzer O 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444489 18444488 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide analysis with a novel hand-held device. 23-7 To assess the performance of a novel hand-held nitric oxide (NO) analyzer in the measurement of nasal fractional exhaled NO (FE(NO)). In ten healthy subjects (controls) and ten patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), oral and nasal FENO were obtained with the NIOX MINO Airway Inflammation Monitor (Aerocrine AB, Solna, Sweden) on two consecutive days, complying with current standards. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of oral FENO was 0.91 and of nasal FE(NO) 0.79. In controls, mean (+/- SD) nasal FENO (40.3 +/- 23.6 ppb) was higher than oral FENO (15.6 +/- 2.7 ppb; p = 0.005). In CRS patients, mean oral FENO (23.9 +/- 12.2 ppb) was higher than in controls (15.6 +/- 2.7 ppb; p = 0.01). CRS patients with nasal polyps had lower nasal FE(NO) levels (19.7 +/- 5.9) than healthy controls (40.3 +/- 23.6 ppb; p = 0.01). The novel hand-held NO analyzer was found suitable for nasal FE(NO) measurements. It may be useful in differentiating hyperplasic eosinophil rhinosinusitis from chronic unspecific rhinosinusitis. Moreover, nasal FE(NO) may be used to monitor the clinical course of CRS with polyps. Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany. Weschta Michael M Deutschle Tom T Riechelmann Herbert H eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide IM Adult Breath Tests instrumentation methods Chronic Disease Equipment Design trends Exhalation Female Humans Male Nitric Oxide analysis diagnostic use Pilot Projects Reproducibility of Results Rhinitis diagnosis Sensitivity and Specificity Sinusitis diagnosis 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444488 18444487 2008 04 30 2008 07 03 2010 11 18

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal lavage with sodium hypochlorite solution in Staphylococcus aureus persistent rhinosinusitis. 15-22 To determine a selected concentration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in saline solution for nasal lavage and evaluate its clinical efficiency in the treatment of symptomatic patients with persistent, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) associated rhinosinusitis (RS). In vitro tests for cilia and epithelial cell viability were done on reconstituted primary epithelial cells in vitro. Cells were exposed for 5 and 15 minutes twice daily for 5 consecutive days to one of the following conditions, (1) saline, (2) 0.5% NaOCl in saline, and (3) 0.05% NaOCl in saline. In order to evaluate tolerance, immunostaining was done for ezrin and F-actin network and observed with confocal microscopy. The patients (n=20) were all persistent SA symptomatic carriers, with unique patient-specific SA clonotypes, and multiple infection recurrence despite effective systemic antibiotic therapy. Each patient applied first saline alone for 3 months followed by saline + 0.05% NaOCl solution, as nasal lavage twice daily on both nostrils for 3 months. Symptom intensity and endoscopic findings were recorded with visual analogue scale (VAS). Nasal airway resistance (NAR) and nasal Nitric Oxide (NO) levels were measured before and after the saline lavage regimen, and after the saline + NaOCl treatment. F-actin network loss and decreased expression of ezrin were significant in cells exposed to 0.5%, but not in those exposed to 0.05% NaOCl. These changes were more obvious when exposed for 15 min. than 5 min. daily. The nasal lavage with 0.05% NaOCl in saline was well tolerated and a significant improvement in nasal obstruction (p = 0.001), posterior nasal discharge (p = 0.018), olfaction (p = 0.007) and headache (p = 0.009) was demonstrated. Significant improvement was also recorded in nasal endoscopic grading of oedema (p = 0.001), erythema (p = 0.001), purulent discharge (p = 0.002), nasal crusts (p = 0.001), and NAR (p = 0.05) as measured by rhinomanometry. There was no significant improvement in nasal NO production or subjective anterior nasal discharge. Bacteriological cultures of middle meatus secretions collected one month after the end of the treatment revealed the persistence of SA. Nasal lavage with 0.05% NaOCl solution in saline is suitable for long-term use and seems to be a good alternative to lavage with saline alone in the management of symptomatic RS associated with recurrent SA infections due to patient-specific SA clonotypes. Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology/ Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Raza T T Elsherif H S HS Zulianello L L Plouin-Gaudon I I Landis B N BN Lacroix J S JS eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Actins 0 Disinfectants 7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride 7681-52-9 Sodium Hypochlorite IM Actins metabolism Adult Chronic Disease Disinfectants administration & dosage Female Humans Male Prospective Studies Rhinitis drug therapy microbiology Sinusitis drug therapy microbiology Sodium Chloride administration & dosage Sodium Hypochlorite administration & dosage Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy microbiology Staphylococcus aureus drug effects pathogenicity Therapeutic Irrigation 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444487 18444486 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Treatment alternatives for chronic rhinosinusitis persisting after ESS: what to do when antibiotics, steroids and surgery fail. 3-14 It is estimated that over 500,000 individuals in the United States currently suffer from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which has persisted or recurred despite maximal medical therapy and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Management of these individuals remains uncertain, as recent published guidelines on CRS do not extend to this population. Our objective is to provide a framework for the management of patients who fail standard therapy for CRS while providing recommendations based on the strength of the evidence for alternative medical therapies that can be used for the treatment of recurrent CRS. This guideline targets ENT physicians and allergists managing this increasingly frequent clinical situation and attempts to assist them in selecting from the increasing array of potential therapies available. To this end, factors contributing to the pathophysiology of post-ESS CRS are reviewed to identify method of action of existing and potential therapies and recommendations are made for their use. Given the accessibility of the sinus cavities after ESS, topical therapies are privileged. Saline spray or irrigation is recommended for all patients. Corticosteroids in oral or topical forms are recommended for controlling the inflammatory component, while the use of a short term course of oral or topical antibiotics are recommended mainly for the treatment of exacerbations. Long-term therapy with oral macrolides is also recommended as an alternative therapy. Desensitization with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for individuals with documented ASA sensitivity is recommended where available, while revision surgery, anti-leukotriene agents and intravenous immunoglobulins are options in management in selected patients. Antifungal therapy is not recommended. No recommendations for potentially experimental strategies are made in the absence of published experience and safety data in human subjects. The Department of Otolaryngology, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. desrosiers_martin@hotmail.com Desrosiers Martin Y MY Kilty Shaun J SJ eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenal Cortex Hormones 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Immunoglobulins, Intravenous IM Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Chronic Disease Complementary Therapies Endoscopy Humans Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use Reoperation Sinusitis drug therapy physiopathology surgery Treatment Failure 87 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444486 18444485 2008 04 30 2008 07 03

0300-0729 46 1 2008 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The measurement of nasal airway and other things. 1-2 Valerie J Lund L eng Editorial Introductory Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Nasal Cavity physiology Rhinomanometry methods Sinusitis therapy 2008 5 1 9 0 2008 7 4 9 0 2008 5 1 9 0 ppublish 18444485 18575020 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Augmented reality endoscopic system (ARES): preliminary results. 156-8 During endoscopic surgery, it is difficult to ascertain the anatomical landmarks once the anatomy is fiddled with or if the operating area is filled with blood. An augmented reality system will enhance the endoscopic view and further enable surgeons to view hidden critical structures or the results of preoperative planning. The skull and endoscope are fixed with optical markers that are used as dynamic reference bases for tracking. A small optical tracking device, the easyTrack 200, which is connected to a computer, calculates the positions of the markers. The endoscope is calibrated and registered for augmenting its video with a 3D model. Images of a black and white checkerboard pattern, with 2.5 mm sized squares, are used for calibration with a Matlab based calibration toolbox. Standard modalities of overlay have been developed, including a CT viewer displaying it as an overlay in the endoscopic video stream, and a 3D viewer to render 3D models of preoperatively segmented structures. The accuracy of the augmented reality system was assessed on a plastic skull. The accuracy is calculated by looking at the difference in pixels of several contours in both a real and an overlay image, obtaining a mean of 3-4 pixels that correspond to sub-millimeter accuracy (pixel to mm ratio calculated previously). Mean error was consistently 1-2 [+/- 0.3] mm. A novel augmented reality system for endoscopic surgery is presented. Highlighting hidden structures or CT overlays in the endoscope will give more information in difficult situations and enhance the operation quality. Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland. marco.caversaccio@insel.ch Caversaccio Marco M Garcia Giraldez Jaime J Thoranaghatte Ramesh R Zheng Guoyan G Eggli Peter P Nolte Lutz-Peter LP Gonzalez Ballester Miguel A MA eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopes Equipment Safety Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Models, Biological Reproducibility of Results Skull surgery Surgery, Computer-Assisted instrumentation Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575020 18575019 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Paraneoplastic refractory hypercalcemia due to advanced metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma. 153-5 Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory neuroepithelium. ENB has no distinctive clinical picture, but often presents as chronic unilateral nasal obstruction or epistaxis. It has a long natural history; the 5-year survival rates have been estimated at 82%. A number of paraneoplastic syndromes have been described in the setting of ENB. Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) has never been described with ENB before. We describe a case of Kadish Stage C ENB with recurrent Hypercalcemia. The hypercalcemia became refractory to therapy and was the cause of death. Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. Sharma Subhash S Lasheen Wael W Walsh Declan D eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory secondary Fatal Outcome Humans Hypercalcemia etiology Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Nose Neoplasms pathology Paraneoplastic Syndromes etiology 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575019 18575018 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal subcutaneous lipoma, a case report. 151-2 We report an extremely rare case of subcutaneous lipoma of the nasal vestibule. A case report and a review of the literature concerning lipomatous growths in the nose and paranasal cavities are presented. A 34-year-old male presented with a swelling protruding from the dome of the right nasal vestibule. The swelling was excised and histological examination revealed it to be a subcutaneous lipoma. Lipomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses have previously been reported, however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of such a lipoma developing subcutaneously under the nasal skin. Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt. t_abulezz@yahoo.com Abulezz Tarek T Allam Karam K eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Humans Lipoma diagnosis surgery Male Nasal Cavity Nose Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Subcutaneous Tissue 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575018 18575017 2008 06 25 2008 10 22 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Short-term CPAP treatment induces a mild increase in inflammatory cells in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome. 144-50 Nasal CPAP has been proven to be an efficient method of treating SAS patients without facial dysmorphism. However, it still remains a matter of debate why it is not universally well tolerated. The AIM OF THE STUDY was to evaluate the influence of initial CPAP treatment on nasal function in SAS patients. Forty-two patients were consecutively included in a prospective clinical study and divided into the three following groups: 1) SAS subjects (26 patients qualifying for CPAP treatment), 2) First control group (C1) (9 patients with mild or moderate SAS, not willing to be treated with CPAP, AHI > 5 [n/h]), 3) Second control group (C2) (7 healthy subjects, AHI < or = 5). Nasal patency was measured by active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) at recruitment and after a three-day CPAP treatment. After each AAR nasal lavage was obtained from both nostrils. Total inflammatory cell count (TCC) in each nasal lavage was then calculated in a Neubauer's chamber. Initial CPAP treatment caused a statistically significant rise of TCC in nasal lavage of SAS patients, when compared with initial values [n*10(5)/ml] (pre: 1.30, post: 1.92, p = 0.009). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found both in initial TCC and nasal patency values among the three studied groups. SAS subjects present an unchanged nasal patency when compared to control subjects. Initial CPAP therapy might be responsible for evoking local nasal inflammation. Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. simon.mds@poczta.fm Skoczyński Szymon S Ograbek-Król Mariola M Tazbirek Maciej M Semik-Orzech Aleksandra A Pierzchała Władysław W eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2008 Dec;46(4):347; author reply 347 19146009 Adult Aged Continuous Positive Airway Pressure adverse effects Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid cytology Patient Compliance Rhinitis etiology pathology Rhinomanometry Severity of Illness Index Sleep Apnea Syndromes diagnosis psychology therapy Time Factors Treatment Refusal 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575017 18575016 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Influence of nasal structure on the distribution of airflow in nasal cavity. 137-43 Numerical simulation of the nasal cavity is essential in order to understand the relationship between nasal structure and airflow characteristics. Since the structure of the nasal cavity varies significantly, the relationship between nasal structure and airflow characteristics will be investigated by numerical simulation of airflow in twenty-four nasal models in this paper. Twenty-four three-dimensional models of the nasal cavity structure have been reconstructed on the basis of Computed Tomography medical images collected from twenty-four healthy volunteers. Modification of the turbinate has been applied to one of these models in order to simulate an operation. The results from this variant model have been compared with the original model. The numerical simulation for the airflow in the nasal cavity was performed by the finite element method. Pressure drop and the airflow distribution in nasal models are presented quantitatively in flow field. Main airflow will pass through the common nasal meatus. The nasal airway resistance in the region of nasal valve and nasal vestibule (flow limiting structure) accounts for 52.6%-78.3% of total nasal airway resistance. The numerical results show that differences in patients' nasal cavity structure may lead to different airflow distributions. Changes of nasal structure lead to variation of airflow in both sides of the nasal cavity as well as airflow redistribution in each side of the nasal cavity. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. Yu Shen S Liu Yingxi Y Sun Xiuzhen X Li Shouju S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance physiology Exhalation physiology Female Finite Element Analysis Humans Inhalation physiology Male Models, Biological Nasal Cavity pathology Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted Rheology Turbinates pathology surgery 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575016 18575015 2008 06 25 2008 10 22 2008 10 29

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Odour identification and discrimination in Dutch adults over 45 years. 131-6 The aim of the study was to establish normative values for the two culture dependent components (odour identification and odour discrimination) of the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery in the Dutch population over 45 years of age, and to assess the influence of age and sex on olfactory function in this population. This study was performed in 150 healthy Dutch subjects (87 male and 63 female, mean age 59.2 years, range 45-78 years). Olfactory performance was assessed using the odour identification and discrimination parts of the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery. In women, odour discrimination scores declined significantly with age, whereas there was no effect of age on odour discrimination performance in men. For odour identification, there were no effects of age or sex in this population. A moderate correlation was found between identification and discrimination test scores. Provisional population-specific normative data for olfactory testing using the identification and discrimination parts of the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test battery have been established for the Dutch population over 45 years of age. The current data are applicable to the clinical evaluation of patients with olfactory disorders. Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. s.boesveldt@vumc.nl Boesveldt S S Verbaan D D Knol D L DL van Hilten J J JJ Berendse H W HW eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2008 Sep;46(3):250 Age Factors Aged Differential Threshold physiology Discrimination (Psychology) European Continental Ancestry Group psychology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Netherlands Recognition (Psychology) Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Sex Factors Smell physiology 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575015 18575014 2008 06 25 2008 10 22 2010 11 18

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyposis: is there an inheritance pattern? A single family study. 125-30 Nasal Polyposis (NP) is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of sinonasal mucosa leading to diffuse formation of benign polyps. Although family histories are frequently suggested in medical literature, no specific study focused on this point has been reported. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a hereditary factor could be implied for NP in a family where several members were affected. We included 99 members of this family. All patients were assessed for conditions known to be associated with the development or presence of NP. Concerning NP, patients were screened with a validated questionnaire and selected patients had a medical examination by an Ear, Nose and Throat practitioner. Thirteen patients had a personal history of NP without asthma, aspirin intolerance, Churg Strauss syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Young's syndrome, bare lymphocyte syndrome, or primary ciliary dyskinesia. Within this family, 19.7% of those older than 17 years were affected by NP, as compared with the national French prevalence of 2.1%. Regarding the pedigree, we discuss different modes of inheritance. The presence of consanguineous unions in this family suggests the possibility of a common ancestor and thus a recessive autosomal mode of inheritance. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Poitiers, Poitiers, France. a.delagranda@chu-poitiers.fr Delagrand A A Gilbert-Dussardier B B Burg S S Allano G G Gohler-Desmonts C C Lebreton J P JP Dufour X X Klossek J M JM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Consanguinity Female France Genetic Linkage genetics Humans Inheritance Patterns genetics Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps genetics mortality pathology Paranasal Sinus Diseases genetics mortality pathology Pedigree 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575014 18575013 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Development of maxillary accessory ostium following sinusitis in rabbits. 121-4 Maxillary accessory ostium is one of the anatomical variations that may play a role in the development of chronic maxillary sinusitis. Although some authors claim that accessory ostia develop following acute maxillary sinusitis, it is not clear whether they are congenital or acquired. Animal experimental study. Ten New Zealand type rabbits were used in the study. In phase 1, lateral nasal walls of five New Zealand type rabbits were examined for the presence of natural and accessory ostia of the maxillary sinus and any area resembling fontanelles in humans. In phase 2, experimental sinusitis was induced in the right sides of the other five rabbits. Following sacrifice, lateral nasal walls were examined for the development of accessory ostia. Six of the ten sides of phase 1 animals contained a membranous part in the medial wall of the maxillary sinus resembling the fontanelles in humans (60%). None of them had an accessory maxillary ostium. Accessory ostia developed in two of the five sides with sinusitis (40%). We have shown for the first time that accessory maxillary ostia develop following experimental sinusitis in rabbits. Further studies in humans are indicated. Kecioren Education and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. Genc Selahattin S Ozcan Muge M Titiz Ali A Unal Adnan A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol IM Animals Disease Models, Animal Formaldehyde Maxillary Sinus pathology Maxillary Sinusitis etiology pathology Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Mucosa pathology Pneumococcal Infections pathology Polyvinyl Alcohol Rabbits Tampons, Surgical 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575013 18575012 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Outcome of functional endonasal sinus surgery with and without CT-navigation. 116-20 Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) has found widespread use in functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) over the past few years. The present study investigates if CAS leads to a better outcome in FESS. All patients who underwent endonasal sphenoethmoidectomy were enrolled in a prospective, non-randomized case-control study. The procedures were done without CAS (group A) in 2003 and with CAS (group B) in 2004, using a Stryker navigation unit. Sixty-two patients (113 sphenoidectomies) were included in group A and 61 patients (109 sphenoidectomies) in group B. The underlying disease was recurrent chronic sinusitis or polyposis nasi in all patients except for inverted papilloma in one patient from group A and in two patients from group B. The follow-up period was 12 months. Symptom scores were assessed preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively, using a questionnaire. A CT-scan was obtained in all patients preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. No significant difference was found between group A and B, neither with respect to symptom scores at 12 months postoperatively, nor in postoperative CT-scans. The operation strategy did not change by the introduction of CAS. The frontal sinuses were entered in group A and B in 59% and 64% of the patients, respectively. All parameters improved significantly postoperatively, compared to the preoperative values. As far as complications are concerned, two anterior orbital injuries and one retrobulbar haematoma occurred in group A and one postoperative lacrimal stenosis in group B. CAS does not lead to a better clinical outcome in FESS. Our data suggest that the rate of complications may be reduced using CAS. However, studies with a much larger number of patients would be necessary in order to definitely answer the question of whether CAS reduce complications in FESS. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Liestal, Liestal, Switzerland. kurt.tschopp@ksli.ch Tschopp Kurt P KP Thomaser Esther G EG eng Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2008 Jun;46(2):81 18575005 Adult Aged Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases pathology radiography surgery Prospective Studies Quality of Life Sphenoid Sinus Surgery, Computer-Assisted Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575012 18575011 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effects of merocel and glove finger tampon applications on the nasal septum mucosa of rabbits. 112-5 The use of tampons after nasal septum surgery is important for both prevention of postoperative bleeding and stabilization of the nasal flaps and the septum. One of the most important factors in achieving rapid postoperative recovery is the choice of the nasal tampon material, among many, to produce minimal damage on the nasal mucosa. In this study, the histopathological effects of the glove finger and merocel tampons, which are commonly used in clinical applications, have been investigated on the nasal mucosa of rabbits. In this study, merocel and glove finger tampons were used for nasal packing in one-sided nasal cavities of 16 adult New Zealand rabbits. The animals were randomized into two groups, each consisting of eight animals. The tampons were removed after 48 hours. Histological examination showed that if the merocel was in a glove finger, it did not create any damage to mucosal integrity and lamina propria. However, in the group where merocel was used directly, the epithelium of the nasal mucosa was shortened and demonstrated loss of cilia and in four of the eight specimens, it was partly from lamina propria. It is concluded that the use of merocel in glove finger tampon leads to a lesser degree of damage in the lamina propria, and may facilitate rapid mucosal wound healing postoperatively. Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, First ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. alititiz@gmail.com Titiz Ali A Zeyrek Tugba T Ozcan Muge M Sabuncuoglu Bizden B Yilmaz Yavuz Fuat YF Unal Adnan A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Hemostatics 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol IM Animals Cilia drug effects Formaldehyde administration & dosage pharmacology Gloves, Surgical Hemostatics administration & dosage pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology surgery Nasal Septum drug effects pathology surgery Polyvinyl Alcohol administration & dosage pharmacology Rabbits Tampons, Surgical 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575011 18575010 2008 06 25 2008 10 22 2008 11 21

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Intra- and postoperative application of Mitomycin C in the middle meatus reduces adhesions and antrostomy stenosis after FESS. 107-11 Obstruction of the osteomeatal complex is the commonest anatomic finding in revision endoscopic sinus surgery. This study assesses the efficacy of topical mitomycin C in the middle meatus, intra- and postoperatively in the prevention of adhesion formation and restenosis of the maxillary sinus antrostomy. At the end of endoscopic surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis and four weeks postoperatively 30 patients received a pledget soaked with 1 ml of mitomycin C (0.5 mg/ml) in the middle meatus for 5 minutes while a pledget soaked in saline was placed in the contralateral side. Patients were assessed at least 6 months postoperatively by a blinded observer for the presence of synechiae and antrostomy stenosis. Medical records were reviewed for episodes of recurrent sinusitis. Adhesions were observed in 8 patients. All adhesions rated as moderate to severe (4 patients) were observed in the control side (p = 0.043). Restenosis was observed in 2 sides treated with mitomycin C and in 9 control sides (p = 0.032). Recurrent symptoms of sinusitis occurred in three patients on the saline side. Mitomycin C is safe and effective in the prevention of severe adhesions and antrostomy stenosis when applied twice, during surgery and the early postoperative period. 2nd University ORL, Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. jordan_orl@hotmail.com Konstantinidis I I Tsakiropoulou E E Vital I I Triaridis S S Vital V V Constantinidis J J eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors 50-07-7 Mitomycin IM Rhinology. 2008 Sep;46(3):249; author reply 249 18853881 Administration, Topical Adolescent Adult Aged Cohort Studies Constriction, Pathologic etiology prevention & control Double-Blind Method Endoscopy adverse effects Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus surgery Middle Aged Mitomycin administration & dosage Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors administration & dosage Recurrence prevention & control Rhinitis prevention & control surgery Sinusitis prevention & control surgery Tissue Adhesions etiology prevention & control 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575010 18575009 2008 06 25 2008 10 22 2010 11 18

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The burden of allergic rhinitis as reported by UK patients compared with their doctors. 99-106 This paper presents the results for the UK from a prospective, cross-sectional, international survey to identify perceptions of symptoms and the impact of disease in allergic rhinitis (AR). Data were recorded by 124 patients and matched with data from their primary care physicians or specialists. According to the physicians' assessments, a large proportion of patients presenting for routine care had moderate or severe disease (56.5%), persistent disease (52.0%) and comorbidities such as asthma (38.7%). Compared with the physicians' assessments, patients considered that their condition was more severe (p < 0.001). At the time of the survey, 58.1% of patients reported suffering from nasal and ocular symptoms, and these symptoms were moderate or severe in nature in 41.1% of patients. Most patients (75.0%) reported some impact of the symptoms of AR on daily activities, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was negatively correlated with disease severity and the number of symptom-free days in the previous 4 weeks. This survey highlights the unmet needs of many UK patients who suffer a high symptom burden and impaired health-related quality of life. Overall, there was a poor correlation between patients and physicians in the reporting of disease severity. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK. g.scadding@ucl.ac.uk Scadding Glenis K GK Williams Angela A eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Cohort Studies Cost of Illness Cross-Sectional Studies Female Great Britain Health Surveys Humans Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications psychology therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal complications psychology therapy Self-Assessment Severity of Illness Index 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575009 18575008 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study. 92-8 Despite optimal medical therapy and endoscopic sinus surgery there still remains a group of unfortunate patients suffering from exacerbations of recalcitrant chronic sinusitis. We have performed a pilot study in order to determine whether nebulized topical antibiotic therapy improves sinusitis symptoms more than saline-based placebo in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over pilot study was conducted in 14 patients with recalcitrant CRS. Nasal irrigation with bacitracin/colimycin or placebo using the RhinoFlow nebulizer twice daily was administered in combination with oral levofloxacin. Severity of a diversity of symptoms was measured using the VAS score, a Disease-Specific Symptom Score and the SF-36 questionnaire. Nasal endoscopic findings were also assessed. For most VAS items and Disease-Specific Symptom Scores, a reduction in severity of symptoms was noted in both the bacitracin/colimycin and the placebo group. No significant difference was found between the 2 arms (bacitracin/colimycin vs. placebo). Most SF-36 items improved, compared with the situation before treatment in both groups. However no significant difference was found between the verum and placebo arm. Endoscopic findings did not reveal significant differences when comparing the 2 treatments. The outcome of this study suggests a beneficial effect of nebulizing the nose with saline. This study again shows that adding antibiotics to local saline is not effective. Although the placebo-controlled studies looking at the effect of local antibiotics are all small they all point to the same direction: no effect. Definite conclusions however need a large randomized, multicenter study. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. W.J.Videler@amc.uva.nl Videler W J M WJ van Drunen C M CM Reitsma J B JB Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 1066-17-7 Colistin 1405-87-4 Bacitracin 82419-36-1 Ofloxacin IM Administration, Inhalation Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage Bacitracin administration & dosage Chronic Disease Colistin administration & dosage Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Drug Therapy, Combination Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nebulizers and Vaporizers Ofloxacin administration & dosage Pilot Projects Rhinitis drug therapy microbiology Sinusitis drug therapy microbiology Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy Staphylococcus aureus 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575008 18575007 2008 06 25 2008 10 22 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Postnasal drip syndrome. Two hundred years of controversy between UK and USA. 86-91 This review discusses the trans-Atlantic controversy concerning Post Nasal Drip Syndrome (PNDS). PNDS was described as a common condition in the UK in the nineteenth century and was so extraordinarily prevalent in the USA that it was called 'American catarrh'. American chest physicians adopted PNDS as the most common cause of chronic cough. A relationship between PNDS and chronic cough was not accepted by UK chest physicians, who preferred to use the term 'rhinosinusitis' instead of PNDS. In the USA the diagnosis of PNDS was linked to a response to therapy with a sedating antihistamine and decongestant, but UK physicians doubted if this was a specific therapy and did not accept the therapy as diagnostic for PNDS. In 2006 the American College of Chest Physicians replaced the term PNDS with upper airway cough syndrome and some UK otolaryngologists proposed that PNDS should be replaced with rhinosinusitis. PNDS is now being replaced with more general descriptions of upper airway disease and a causal link with chronic cough is now disputed. PNDS may be caused by a mucus hypersecretory phenotype that develops following chronic exposure of the respiratory tract to particulate matter, allergens, irritants and pathogens. Current research on treating excessive airway mucus in the lower airways may be applicable to PNDS. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. Sanu A A Eccles R R eng Historical Article Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2008 Dec;46(4):348; author reply 348 19146010 Cough etiology history therapy Great Britain History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans Rhinitis etiology history therapy Sinusitis etiology history therapy Syndrome Terminology as Topic United States 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575007 18575006 2008 06 25 2008 10 22 2011 11 17

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Diagnostic values of beta-2 transferrin and beta-trace protein as markers for cerebrospinal fluid fistula. 82-5 During recent decades, beta2-transferrin and beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D synthase) have been used as immunological markers for the diagnosis of CSF fistula. A method for detecting CSF traces should be non invasive, reliable and cheap. The characteristics of the two immunological markers are described based on own experience and a literature review. PubMed (1966-2007) was searched and 39 articles were retrieved from the period 1987-2007. The beta2-transferrin marker showed a high reliability during the last decades using immunofixation or immunoblotting. The performance of beta2-transferrin assay requires between two and four hours hands-on time in the laboratory depending on the assay. The beta-trace protein protein marker showed a high reliability when assayed using immunoelectrophoresis or laser-nephelometry. Laser-nephelomety is automated, non- time consuming, provides quantitative results and last but not least, is cheap. A cut-off point at 1.11 mg/l for beta-trace protein gave the best trade-off between high sensitivity and high specificity when including the secretion/serum ratio. Both beta2-transferrin and beta-trace protein are reliable immunological markers for the detection of CSF traces. High diagnostic accuracy values were found for both beta2-transferrin and beta-trace protein protein. Rikshospitalet Medical Centre, Oslo, Norway. gregor.bachmann-harildstad@rikshospitalet.no Bachmann-Harildstad Gregor G eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Biological Markers 0 Lipocalins 0 Transferrin EC 5.3.- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases EC 5.3.99.2 prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase IM Biological Markers metabolism Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula diagnosis metabolism Humans Intramolecular Oxidoreductases metabolism Lipocalins metabolism Nervous System Diseases diagnosis metabolism Predictive Value of Tests Transferrin metabolism 36 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575006 18575005 2008 06 25 2008 10 22

0300-0729 46 2 2008 Jun Rhinology Rhinology No tracking system replaces good seamanship. 81 Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Comment Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2008 Jun;46(2):116-20 18575012 Clinical Competence Humans Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects methods Paranasal Sinus Diseases radiography surgery Sphenoid Sinus Surgery, Computer-Assisted Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2008 6 26 9 0 2008 10 23 9 0 2008 6 26 9 0 ppublish 18575005 19146010 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Postnasal drip syndrome. 348; author reply 348 Loehrl Todd A TA Toohill Robert J RJ eng Comment Historical Article Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2008 Jun;46(2):86-91 18575007 Cough etiology history therapy Gastroesophageal Reflux complications Great Britain History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Rhinitis etiology history therapy Sinusitis etiology history therapy Syndrome Terminology as Topic United States 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146010 19146009 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology CPAP therapy may evoke a local nasal inflammation in patients. 347; author reply 347 Shadan Farhad F FF Dawson Arthur A Kline Lawrence E LE eng Comment Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2008 Jun;46(2):144-50 18575017 Adult Aged Continuous Positive Airway Pressure adverse effects Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid cytology Neutrophils cytology Patient Compliance Rhinitis etiology pathology Rhinomanometry Severity of Illness Index Sleep Apnea Syndromes diagnosis psychology therapy Time Factors Treatment Refusal 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146009 19146008 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Late-onset posttraumatic septal hematoma and abscess formation in a six-year-old Tamil girl--case report and literature review. 342-4 Nasal septal hematoma with abscess (NSHA) is an uncommon complication of trauma and studies on children are especially rare. We discuss the case of a 6-year-old girl, who was initially evaluated independently by three doctors for minor nasal trauma but had to be re-hospitalized 6 days later with NSHA. Although septal hematoma had initially been excluded (5, 7 and 24 hours after trauma), a secondary accumulation of blood seems to have occured. Delayed hematoma formation has been described in the orbit as a result of possible venous injuries after endoscopic sinus surgery. However, such an observation is new for septal hematoma in children. Thus, we recommend re-evaluation for septal hematoma 48h to 72h after paediatric nasal trauma. Such a scheduled re-examination offers a chance to treat delayed subperichondral hematoma on time before almost inevitable superinfection leads to abscess formation and destruction of the nasal infrastructure. We suggest that parents should be vigilant for delayed nasal obstruction as possible herald of hematoma accumulation within the first week. Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. patrick.dubach@insel.ch Dubach Patrick P Aebi Christoph C Caversaccio Marco M eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess diagnosis microbiology therapy Accidental Falls Child Combined Modality Therapy Female Hematoma diagnosis therapy Humans Nasal Septum injuries Streptococcal Infections diagnosis microbiology therapy 10 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146008 19146007 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Rhinoscleroma of the sinuses. 338-41 Rhinoscleroma is a rare chronic, granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract. The aim of this paper was to report 2 unusual cases of rhinoscleroma and to review the literature. We present two cases of sinus rhinoscleroma diagnosed and treated at the ENT Department of a French University hospital. Rhinoscleroma primarily affects the nasal cavity but the nasopharynx (18%-43%), larynx (15%-40%), trachea (12%) and bronchi (2% to 7%) can also be involved. However, the paranasal sinuses are usually free of disease. Rhinological signs are generally the first reported by patients. CT scan and MRI are useful for diagnosis. Diagnosis of rhinoscleroma was based on histological characteristics and presence of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis on biopsy cultures. In most cases treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy with aesthetic surgical reconstruction when necessary. However, rhinoscleroma is difficult to eradicate and its recurrence rate is high. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. Bailhache Axelle A Dehesdin Danièle D François Arnaud A Marie Jean-Paul JP Choussy Olivier O eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis microbiology therapy Rhinoscleroma diagnosis therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed 25 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146007 19146006 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Conservative treatment in rhinosinusitis orbital complications in children aged 2 years and younger. 334-7 Orbital complications (OC) secondary to acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in children are uncommon, but can result in severe morbidity and mortality if not treated appropriately. These complications are more common in older children. We evaluate the disease and its management in children aged 2 and under. Fifty-two records of children aged 2 and younger with OC secondary to ARS between 1993 and 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Parameters recorded included age, gender, clinical symptoms and signs, CT findings, duration of hospitalization, treatment before and during admission, cultures and outcome. Forty-eight children were diagnosed with periorbital cellulitis, 4 with subperiosteal abscess and none with orbital abscess or cavernous sinus thrombosis. All were managed conservatively except 1 who underwent surgery. CT scan performed in 8 children revealed sinusitis in only 7. Average length of hospitalization was 3.6 days for preseptal cellulitis and 6.5 for postseptal cellulitis. SOC secondary to ARS mandates meticulous multidisciplinary follow-up in hospital. CT scan and surgery are indicated in cases of ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, decreased visual acuity or failure of conservative treatment within 48 hours. However, most children aged 2 and younger respond well to conservative treatment and no surgical intervention is required. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Eviatar Ephraim E Gavriel Haim H Pitaro Koby K Vaiman Michael M Goldman Michael M Kessler Alex A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child, Hospitalized Female Humans Infant Israel epidemiology Male Orbital Diseases epidemiology etiology radiography therapy Retrospective Studies Rhinitis complications radiography Sinusitis complications radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146006 19146005 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effects of silica exposure on upper airways and eyes in denim sandblasters. 328-33 Silicosis due to denim (or jean) sandblasters is newly described cause of silicosis. In such cases lungs are severely affected due to heavy exposure to silica without serious protection. We aimed to investigate whether silica had an effect on the upper airways and eyes. The study included the patients recently diagnosed with silicosis. For comparisons, a control group was constituted. Firstly, a questionnaire was performed to obtain demographic and exposure characteristics of the cases. Later, routine nasal examination by endoscope and routine eye examination by slit-lamp microscope were performed to investigate presence of rhinitis and/or adenoid vegetation and eye findings associated with dust exposure, respectively, in both patient and control groups. Punch biopsies of the adenoid tissue were obtained using an endoscopic telescope with the patient under local anesthesia and sent for histopathologic examination. In addition, nasal pH and mucociliary clearance were investigated. Both pH and saccharin nasal transport time (SNTT) measurements were performed by two physicians, who reached a final consensus. The study group consisted of 83 male silicotics with an average age of 23 +/- 6 years, and the control group consisted of 84 age and gender matched healthy individuals. Their mean exposure time was 40 +/- 26 months. On routine nasal examination, silicotics had higher rates of rhinitis (28.9% versus 16.7%) mostly ipsilaterally (p = 0.01), adenoid vegetation (32.5% versus 13.3%/, p < 0.05), conjunctival hyperaemia (70% versus 45%, p < 0.001), pingueculae (68% versus 23%, p < 0.01), papillar formation (40% versus 28%), and higher nasal pH values (7.9 +/- 0.7 versus 6.9 +/- 0.6, p < 0.001), higher SNTT values (19.9 +/- 2.9 versus 10.9 +/- 1.9, p < 0.001) compared with the controls. The results of our study suggest that upper airways and eyes are considerably affected in the patients with silicosis. Thus, appropriate protection is required to prevent the development of such problems in denim sandblasters. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey. dryoruk_40@hotmail.com Yoruk Ozgur O Ates Orhan O Araz Omer O Aktan Bulent B Alper Fatih F Sutbeyaz Yavuz Y Altas Enver E Erdogan Fazli F Ucuncu Harun H Akgun Metin M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chi-Square Distribution Endoscopy Eye Diseases epidemiology etiology physiopathology Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Male Nose Diseases epidemiology etiology physiopathology Occupational Exposure adverse effects Questionnaires Silicosis epidemiology etiology physiopathology Textile Industry Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turkey epidemiology 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146005 19146004 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Silicone button in nasal septal perforation. Long term observations. 324-7 To assess the long-term survival rate of silicone buttons in nasal septal perforation and to improve selection criteria. To employ a symptom score that might also be used in comparative studies Prospective and retrospective study of patients treated with commercially available silicone buttons in a tertiary treatment centre. The observation period of retained buttons was a minimum of four years. The removal rate in 45 patients was 67%, which is higher than in other studies probably due to the long observation period (mean thirteen years). Large perforations and those that are due to septal resection (Killian) are associated with a poor prognosis. Symptom score improvement for all symptoms except snoring was 55%, but for the main nasal symptoms it was 70%. Those who still kept the button were satisfied even though most of them would have preferred operation. Only 11% of all patients consider prosthetic treatment optimal. Silicone button is an acceptable treatment for nasal septal perforation in a third of the patients. It is optimal only in a minority. Unfortunately results of surgery expressed in symptom score are not available for comparison. The present scoring system might be preferred. Department of Otolaryngology, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway. livd@lds.no Døsen Liv Kari LK Haye Rolf R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Silicones IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum injuries surgery Prospective Studies Prostheses and Implants Prosthesis Design Questionnaires Retrospective Studies Silicones therapeutic use Survival Rate Treatment Outcome 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146004 19146003 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Histological study of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) implanted in the human nose. 317-23 In rhinoplasty, various materials are used for nasal augmentation. Among these, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) is commonly used because of its supposed high biocompatibility. However, most studies regarding histological changes associated with its implantation have been carried out in animal models, and very few data are available from long-term human studies. We used light and electron microscopy to investigate the histological changes associated with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in nasal augmentation in 30 patients. Histologically, connective tissue ingrowth was observed in all specimens. However, the degree of foreign body reaction and collagen deposition varied from specimen to specimen and had no apparent relationship with duration. Neovascularization was observed in specimens with durations longer than 12 months, and degenerative calcification was observed in a 36-month-duration specimen. Unlike the findings in previous reports, differences among individual responses, degenerative changes, and partially calcified lesions were observed in the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. Based on this study, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is a biocompatible material, but further long-term studies are necessary to address histological changes associated with the implantation of the material in the human nose. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea. hlpch@paran.com Park Chan Hum CH eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Biocompatible Materials 9002-84-0 Polytetrafluoroethylene IM Adult Biocompatible Materials Connective Tissue ultrastructure Female Foreign-Body Reaction etiology Humans Male Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Middle Aged Polytetrafluoroethylene Prostheses and Implants Rhinoplasty instrumentation 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146003 19146002 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The silent sinus syndrome: diagnosis and surgical treatment. 308-16 The silent sinus syndrome consists of painless facial asymmetry characterized by unilateral enophthalmos. Reabsorbed bone with displacement of the orbital floor is a constant finding. It is secondary to chronic maxillary sinus atelectasis. The onset of symptoms is usually slightly progressive but can be brisk due to sudden collapse of the orbital thin bony floor. The diagnosis is suggested by clinical findings including endonasal endoscopic examination and confirmed on the basis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The restitution treatment of the silent sinus syndrome involves functional endoscopic sinus surgery and plastic reconstruction of the floor of the orbit via transconjunctival approach; an additional vestibular incision may be necessary to treat the malar region. Four cases of this rare and therefore relatively unknown disease are fully discussed. ENT Department, Azienda ospedaliera Ospedale Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy. pbossol@libero.it Bossolesi Paolo P Autelitano Luca L Brusati Roberto R Castelnuovo Paolo P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Diagnosis, Differential Endoscopy Facial Asymmetry diagnosis surgery Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Orbital Diseases diagnosis surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis surgery Syndrome Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146002 19146001 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Biofilm in nasal polyps. 302-7 Bacterial biofilms are involved in many human bacterial infectious processes and in chronic rhinosinusitis as well. The aim of this study was to determine whether biofilm exists in nasal polyps, both in diffuse nasal polyposis (DNP) and antrochoanal polyps (ACP). Tissue samples were taken from seven patients suffering from DNP and three patients suffering from ACP, based on the defined patient inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the preparation, the tissue samples were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for signs of biofilm formation. Signs of biofilm presence were found in all DNP patients. In ACP cases, biofilm was found in the stalk and nasal, polypoid part of the ACP, whereas there were no signs of biofilm on diseased mucosa of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Our preliminary study showed a possible role of bacterial biofilm in pathogenesis and maintenance of both DNP and ACP. There are no obvious differences in the SEM appearance of biofilms in DNP and ACP. Future research is needed to explain why biofilm is present in cases of diffuse nasal polyposis and at the nasal part of ACP, but not on the maxillary sinus part of ACP. ORL Department, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia Mladina Ranko R Poje Gorazd G Vuković Katarina K Ristić Mira M Musić Svetozar S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biofilms Female Humans Male Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Middle Aged Nasal Polyps microbiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146001 19146000 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Chronic hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the human nasal mucosa: increased thickness of epithelium basement membrane and moderate neutrophilic infiltration. 297-301 We aimed to identify potential morphologic changes induced in the nasal mucosa by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Biopsies were obtained from two groups of 9 individuals: the first group had a diagnosis of tinnitus and was submitted to 15 sessions of 100 min-long HBO treatments, and the latter group consisted of healthy volunteers not submitted to HBO therapy. Small biopsies of the anterior portion of the lower nasal turbinate were collected with the help of a Hartmann forceps under direct visual inspection. The samples were processed for light microscopy and morphometric analysis. Inflammatory infiltration (neutrophils and lymphocytes) was evaluated by a semiquantitative method. Unpaired t test and Bernoulli distribution were applied to evaluate statistical differences between data from the two groups of samples. Samples of the turbinate mucosa of the HBO-treated group showed a significant increase in the thickness of the epithelial basement membrane and a moderate enhancement in infiltrating neutrophils when compared with the samples from the control group. Chronic HBO treatment causes only minor changes in the architecture of the nasal mucosa that may represent the response of the respiratory tract to the increase in pressure and in oxygen content induced by this type of therapy. Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital da Marinha, Lisboa, Portugal. p_vera_cruz@netcabo.pt Vera-Cruz Paulo P Ferreira Marco M Zagalo Carlos C dos Santos José Martins JM Aguas Artur P AP eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Basement Membrane pathology Biopsy Humans Hyperbaric Oxygenation adverse effects Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Neutrophils pathology Tinnitus therapy 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19146000 19145999 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Cultural adaptation of an olfactory identification test: the Greek version of Sniffin' Sticks. 292-6 Sniffin sticks battery is a well-validated olfactory test in German speaking population. However adaptation of this test in the cultural background of a country is mandatory before use. In total 258 subjects were tested in two stages. The first stage included assessment of 60 healthy subjects with the exact translation of Sniffin' Sticks list and recognition of problematic items. In the second stage a modified list after linguistic changes was tested in a representative for the Greek population study group of 198 healthy subjects. Their results were correlated with a sample of 198 Germans of similar age and sex distribution from the German normative data of Sniffin' Sticks. The use of the initial list showed decreased odour identification (< 70%) of 6 items (anis, turpentine, liquorice, apple, lemon, cinnamon). After the appropriate changes the results of the modified list presented significantly increased identification of all problematic items. Identification ability of Greek population showed significant correlation with the German study group having similar behaviour regarding age and gender differences. This study provides cultural adaptation of the Sniffin' Sticks olfactory identification test and normative data for the Greek population. 2nd Otorhinolaryngology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. jordan_orl@hotmail.com Konstantinidis I I Printza A A Genetzaki S S Mamali K K Kekes G G Constantinidis J J eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Analysis of Variance Cross-Cultural Comparison Cultural Characteristics Female Germany Greece Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Reference Values Sensory Thresholds physiology 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145999 19145998 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of levo-bupivacaine and lidocaine for postoperative analgesia following septoplasty. 289-91 The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of levo-bupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic and lidocaine in postoperative analgesia following septoplasty. 112 patients randomized into two groups were included in the study. 56 patients were operated using levo-bupivacaine and 56 using lidocaine as the local anesthetic. All patients were asked to mark their pain levels on a Visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6trh 8th, 12th, and 24th hours postoperatively. In addition, the amount of analgesics used by each patient was recorded. The results indicated that the VAS scores of the levo-bupivacaine patients were significantly lower within the postoperative 4 hours (p < 0.05) compared to the lidocaine group. In the levobupivacaine patients the earliest time for analgesic need was delayed (p < 0.001) and the total amount of analgesics used was significantly lower when compared to lidocaine group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, levo-bupivacaine is effective for obtaining postoperative analgesia following septoplasty with local anesthesia. When compared to lidocaine, it increases the postoperative comfort of the patients by reducing pain levels. Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, ENT Department, Ankara, Turkey. yfyilmaz@gmail.com Yilmaz Yavuz Fuat YF Ozlugedik Samet S Titiz Ali A Tuncay Anil A Ozcan Muge M Unal Adnan A eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 0 levobupivacaine 137-58-6 Lidocaine 2180-92-9 Bupivacaine IM Adult Anesthetics, Local therapeutic use Bupivacaine analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Female Humans Lidocaine therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Pain Measurement Pain, Postoperative drug therapy Rhinoplasty Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145998 19145997 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Lund-Mackay score is predictive of bleeding in ethmoidectomy for nasal polyposis. 285-8 To assess the correlation between intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic ethmoidectomy for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and objective parameters of disease severity. A prospective cohort of 40 patients with nasal polyposis treated by endoscopic ethmoidectomy was analyzed from January 2007 to July 2007. Polyp size and CT scan opacifications were noted. The surgical procedure was performed with a standardized protocol. Intraoperative blood loss was measured. The Spearman test was used to correlate these data. On nasal endoscopy, the mean polyps' size score was 2.2 (+/- 0.65). On CT scan, the Lund-Mackay grading was 17.2/24 (+/- 5.8). The rate of flow of intraoperative bleeding was 0.077%/min (+/- 0.070%/min). A significant positive correlation was found between the CT scan score and the rate of flow of intraoperative bleeding for the patients who were surgically treated for the first time (n = 23, Spearman Rho = 0.411, p = 0.05). The Lund-Mackay CT score is useful in predicting intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic ethmoidectomy. It could help to identify patients for whom specific measures like preoperative treatment with antibiotics and steroids, topical perioperative preparation of the nose or hypotensive anesthesia are required in order to reduce the risk of intraoperative complications. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, France. mortuaire.g@club-internet.fr Mortuaire G G Bahij J J Maetz B B Chevalier D D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Blood Loss, Surgical Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus radiography surgery Female Humans Male Nasal Polyps radiography surgery Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Rhinitis radiography surgery Sinusitis radiography surgery Statistics, Nonparametric Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145997 19145996 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A grading scale for epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic teleangectasia. 281-4 Epistaxis is the most common symptom in patients with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). Different institutions are using different treatment modalities and different grading systems. The treatment options depend on the grade of epistaxis. It is important to have a common grading system to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment options. Furthermore, it is important to correlate quality of life with an epistaxis grading system. The aim of this work was to propose a new grading system for epistaxis in HHT. A medical literature search was performed for grading systems of epistaxis in HHT. A questionnaire on five criteria's for a new grading system was sent to 22 internationally renowned medical experts, who have published results on epistaxis in HHT. Four different grading systems are currently in use for the grading of epistaxis in HHT. The response rate of the questionnaire was 43%. All the experts who answered the questionnaire agreed that the aimed grading system should be easy to understand for the patients. 90% of them wanted the system to focus on a definite time period. 70% answered that blood transfusion should be included in the grading system as an important factor. There was no clear consensus on whether the system should be a single multi-item scale or a composite scale consisting of more than one single scales, and similarly there was no clear consensus on whether is should be an absolute or a relative scale. The proposed system should be easy to understand for the patients, focus on a definite time period of observation, and include blood transfusion as one of its parameters. For statistical reasons, an epistaxis grading scale with at least one absolute end point would be preferable. ENT Department, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. sinan.al-deen@rikshospitalet.no Al-Deen S S Bachmann-Harildstad G G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Epistaxis classification etiology physiopathology Humans Quality of Life Questionnaires Severity of Illness Index Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145996 19145995 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal peak inspiratory flow and clinical score in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis. 276-80 To assess the correlation between nasal inspiratory peak flow (NIPF) and clinical scoring in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). A concurrent cohort study was carried out with 52 randomly selected patients aged six to 16 with moderate and severe persistent allergic rhinitis, and followed up for eight weeks. Measurements of NIPF and clinical score for AR were evaluated in a blinded manner. Correlations between NIPF and clinical scoring were obtained from linear regression using the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Significance level was p < 0.05. Moderate but statistically significant correlation between NIPF and clinical scoring was found (r = -0.44; p < or = 0.001) and nasal obstruction alone (r = -0.438; p < or = 0.001) were found. Results confirm data from studies conducted with adult patients that found weak correlation between allergic rhinitis symptoms and objective measurements of nasal obstruction as NIPF. NIPF and the clinical scoring are complementary tools to evaluate AR patients. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology Section, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Gomes Daniela de Lima Dde L Camargos Paulo Augusto Moreira PA Ibiapina Cássio da Cunha Cda C de Andrade Cláudia Ribeiro CR eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Airway Resistance Child Cohort Studies Female Humans Inspiratory Capacity Linear Models Male Manometry Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial physiopathology 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145995 19145994 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effects of a hot drink on nasal airflow and symptoms of common cold and flu. 271-5 Hot drinks are a common treatment for common cold and flu but there are no studies reported in the scientific and clinical literature on this mode of treatment. This study investigated the effects of a hot fruit drink on objective and subjective measures of nasal airflow, and on subjective scores for common cold/flu symptoms in 30 subjects suffering from common cold/flu. The results demonstrate that the hot drink had no effect on objective measurement of nasal airflow but it did cause a significant improvement in subjective measures of nasal airflow. The hot drink provided immediate and sustained relief from symptoms of runny nose, cough, sneezing, sore throat, chilliness and tiredness, whereas the same drink at room temperature only provided relief from symptoms of runny nose, cough and sneezing. The effects of the drinks are discussed in terms of a placebo effect and physiological effects on salivation and airway secretions. In conclusion the results support the folklore that a hot tasty drink is a beneficial treatment for relief of most symptoms of common cold and flu. Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Sanu A A Eccles R R eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Steam IM Adolescent Adult Beverages Common Cold therapy Female Hot Temperature Humans Influenza, Human therapy Male Nasal Obstruction etiology therapy Statistics, Nonparametric Steam Treatment Outcome 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145994 19145993 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The role of antibiotics in rhinoplasty and septoplasty: a literature review. 267-70 Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy during nasal surgery is common among surgeons worldwide, although the effectiveness of this practice is controversial. The authors reviewed the literature to evaluate the value of antibiotic prophylaxis. A MEDLINE search was preformed using the key terms septoplasty, rhinoplasty, infections and antibiotics. The authors identified eleven studies written in English or German that addressed the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics, infection rate and bacteremia during nasal surgery. Due to the small number of studies statistical re-analysis was discarded. The articles demonstrated an overall very low incidence of bacteremia or infection. The studies failed to demonstrate a difference between patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis during nasal surgery and patients who did not; with the only exception being cases of complicated revision rhinoplasties. Our review suggests that the infection rate after elective nasal surgery is very low, making routine antibiotic prophylaxis redundant. Preventive systemic antibiotics are indicated in complicated revision rhinoplasties, prolonged placement of nasal packs and for patients who are susceptible to infections. Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to the Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. ioannisgeorgiou1@hotmail.com Georgiou Ioannis I Farber Nimrod N Mendes David D Winkler Eyal E eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Antibiotic Prophylaxis Bacteremia prevention & control Humans Nasal Septum surgery Rhinoplasty Surgical Wound Infection prevention & control 18 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145993 19145992 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Considerations on the application of microarray analysis in rhinology. 259-66 Molecular biological tools are finding their way into modern rhinological research. This overview aims to discuss the merits and pitfalls of micro-array analysis as one of these molecular tools. The outcome of a micro-array experiment will describe which genes are active in a given cell type or tissue, allowing us to investigate healthy and diseased conditions on a large scale and in extreme detail. Although this will deepen our understanding of our disease of interest, we should not expect that micro-array analysis will resolve all our questions. In this overview we have indicated points that we feel are critical for any application of micro-array analysis in modern rhinological research. Choices on experimental design and patient inclusion will influence the outcome data of the experiment and the extend of the conclusions that can be drawn from these data. A second important issue is the size of the data set, which can comprise of hundreds of different genes, making it difficult to come to grips with the affected processes in a disease. New visualization and analysis tools for microarray data are discussed in this overview that deal with these complex issues. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. C.M.vanDrunen@amc.nl van Drunen C M CM Vroling A B AB Rinia A B AB Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Gene Expression Profiling methods Humans Microarray Analysis methods Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases genetics Proteomics methods 30 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145992 19145991 2009 01 16 2009 02 10

0300-0729 46 4 2008 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Unmet needs in rhinology. 257-8 Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Editorial Introductory Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Biomedical Research Health Services Needs and Demand Humans Rhinitis therapy Sinusitis therapy 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 1 17 9 0 2009 2 12 9 0 ppublish 19145991 17956028 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Giant concha bullosa containing another concha bullosa inside: unique anatomic variation of the middle turbinate. 248-50 Detailed knowledge of the anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall is crucial for both the surgeon who is performing endoscopic sinus surgery and the radiologist who is involved in the preoperative work-up. Preoperative recognition of these variations will avoid possible complications during the surgery. In this report, we present a unique anatomical variant of the middle turbinate, a large concha bullosa inside a giant concha bullosa, which has never been reported before. Furthermore, we comment on the differential diagnosis of the variations of the middle turbinate and on the embryology of the nasal turbinates. This report also supplies additional aspects to rhinologists in the scope of middle turbinate pneumatization. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ankara, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. ozanozgursoy@yahoo.com Ozgursoy Ozan Bagis OB Kucuk Babur B eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turbinates abnormalities surgery 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956028 17956027 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Foam nasal packs: a prospective, randomised, patient-controlled study. 242-7 To compare the efficacy of Spiggle and Merocel foam packs following routine nasal surgery. Prospective, randomised, single-blind, paired study. Twenty adult patients undergoing elective nasal surgery. At the end of nasal surgery patients were randomised to have a Spiggle pack inserted in one nasal cavity and a Merocel pack in the other. Packs were removed the following morning. The primary outcome measure was pain due to the presence of packs in the nose and pain associated with their removal. This was measured using a visual analogue scale. Secondary outcome measures were bleeding, crusting and adhesion formation. Both packs were effective at preventing postoperative haemorrhage. Bleeding following removal was minimal. There were no significant differences between the packs in terms of levels of discomfort experienced 6 hours after surgery or the following morning prior to removal (p = 0.3 and p = 0.3 respectively). However, the Spiggle foam pack caused significantly less pain on removal compared with the Merocel foam pack (mean difference 1.4; 95% CI 0.4 to 2.4, p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in terms of crust and adhesion formation. In this study, both the Spiggle and Merocel foam nasal packs were well tolerated while in the nose. Both provided good postoperative haemostasis and were not associated with bleeding on removal. The Spiggle foam pack had the advantage of causing significantly less pain on removal. However, it must be borne in mind that in this study the Spiggle pack was more likely to be positioned in the non-incised nasal cavity, the side that would generally be expected to be associated with less pain. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom. hvinodprabhu@hotmail.com Prabhu Vinod V Kaushik Vivek V Rhodes Sarah S Tay Huey H eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bandages Hemostasis, Surgical methods Humans Nose Diseases surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Pain Measurement Prospective Studies Single-Blind Method Treatment Outcome 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956027 17956026 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology IL-4 and TNF-alpha increased the secretion of eotaxin from cultured fibroblasts of nasal polyps with eosinophil infiltration. 235-41 Nasal polyposis is considered a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Eosinophils are the most common inflammatory cells in nasal polyp and the degree of the tissue eosinophilia is correlated with the probability of the recurrence of nasal polyps. However, the mechanism by which eosinophils are selectively recruited in nasal polyp remains to be clarified. In the present study, fibroblasts were isolated from nasal polyps of patients with eosinophil-rich nasal polyps (Enp) and those with non-eosinophilic nasal polyps (NEnp) and the secreted levels of eotaxin, regulated upon activation normal T expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) from the cultured fibroblasts were determined. The levels were compared between Enp and Nenp. The role of those chemokines and adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of nasal polyp is discussed. Fibroblasts isolated from nasal polyps of five patients with CRS with Enp and four patients with CRS with NEnp were cultured and stimulated with 10 ng/ml of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 24 hours. After stimulation, culture supernatants were collected and concentrations of eotaxin, RANTES, and VCAM-1 were quantified by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF-alpha enhanced the secretion of VCAM-1 and RANTES by fibroblasts derived from both NEnp and Enp, but did not affect the release of eotaxin. IL-4 increased the secretion of VCAM-1 and eotaxin but not that of RANTES. Furthermore, TNF-alpha and IL-4, when added together, induced a synergistic effect on the secretion of VCAM-1 and eotaxin. The effect of IL-4 and IL-4 plus TNF-alpha on eotaxin release was more marked for Enp fibroblasts compared with NEnp fibroblasts. The results suggest that eotaxin plays an important role in the selective recruitment of eosinophils in Enp. Nasal fibroblasts in Enp are more sensitive than those in NEnp regarding eotaxin release induced by the stimulation with IL-4 and co-stimulation with TNF-alpha and IL-4. This difference might be associated with the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis having marked accumulation of eosinophils. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. Yoshifuku Kousuke K Matsune Shoji S Ohori Junichiro J Sagara Yukari Y Fukuiwa Tatsuya T Kurono Yuichi Y eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Chemokine CCL5 0 Chemokines, CC 0 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha 0 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 207137-56-2 Interleukin-4 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Cells, Cultured Chemokine CCL5 Chemokines, CC secretion Eosinophils metabolism Female Fibroblasts metabolism Humans Interleukin-4 physiology Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha physiology Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 physiology 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956026 17956025 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Role of the muscarinic M2 receptor in human nasal mucosa. 229-34 Neurally mediated secretory hyperresponsiveness is a feature of allergic rhinitis (AR). Muscarinic M2 receptors are inhibitory autoreceptors which limit acetylcholine release at postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals, dysfunction of which has been implicated as a cause of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and function of M2 receptors in the human nose. In the first part of the study, nasal biopsies from subjects with AR (n = 12) and normal controls (n = 10) were examined for the presence of M2 receptor mRNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the second part, subjects with symptomatic AR (n = 17), with established contralateral secretory reflexes to bradykinin, underwent unilateral bradykinin challenge after premedication with pilocarpine, a M2 receptor agonist. The effect of pilocarpine on contralateral secretory reflexes was studied. M2 receptor mRNA was detected in 12 subjects (54%). Pilocarpine premedication led to a significant reduction of the contralateral secretory reflex to bradykinin. M2 receptors are present in the human nasal mucosa, though not universally. The function of M2 receptors in subjects with AR can be demonstrated using pilocarpine, however, more work is required to define their importance and potential role in nasal hyperresponsiveness Department of Otolaryngology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. sheahanp@eircom.net Sheahan Patrick P Thornton Mona M Walsh Rory McConn RM Walsh Michael A MA Costello Richard W RW eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Muscarinic Agonists 0 Receptor, Muscarinic M2 0 Vasodilator Agents 58-82-2 Bradykinin 92-13-7 Pilocarpine IM Adult Bradykinin pharmacology Female Humans Male Muscarinic Agonists pharmacology Nasal Mucosa physiology secretion Pilocarpine pharmacology Polymerase Chain Reaction Receptor, Muscarinic M2 physiology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial physiopathology Vasodilator Agents pharmacology 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956025 17956024 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effects of smoking on odour identification in Japanese subjects. 224-8 Effects of smoking on olfaction appear to be well-known. However, there are not many studies that studied these effects on the basis of olfactory testing, and no studies on this topic have been performed so far in an Asian population. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on odour identification. Five hundred fifty seven Japanese subjects (368 men and 189 women) were given the cross-cultural smell identification test (CC-SIT). Their history was taken with special regard to nasal disease and smoking. Urine nicotine level was assessed in 107 subjects. The CC-SIT scores of current and previous smokers were lower than those of nonsmoking subjects (p < 0.05). The Brinkman index (BI) and CC-SIT score were correlated even when controlling for the subjects' age (r = -0.24, p < 0.001). The time since quitting cigarette smoking did not exhibit a relation with the CC-SIT score (r = -0.04, p = 0.76). In addition, urine levels of nicotine and its metabolites exhibited no significant correlation with the CC-SIT score (r = -0.08, p = 0.40). Smoking reduces olfactory function. Apparently, recovery of olfactory sensitivity after cessation of smoking appears to be exceptional. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nanto General Hospital, Nanto, Toyama, Japan. taishimaru-alg@umin.ac.jp Ishimaru Tadashi T Fujii Megumi M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Humans Japan Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders physiopathology Recovery of Function Smell physiology Smoking physiopathology Smoking Cessation 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956024 17956023 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A new classification of septal deviations. 220-3 Existing nomenclatures of septal deviation deal with the deformation of the nasal septum exclusively and are rarely used in daily clinical work. The aim of this study was to develop a classification of septal deviations based upon the anatomical structures of the nasal septum and common clinical concepts. We included patients undergoing septoplasty alone or in combination with rhinoplasty or functional endonasal sinus surgery by reason of septal deviation. Immediately after surgery, the surgeon recorded intraoperative findings of the nasal septum and the nasal turbinates in a data sheet and a standardized drawing for every patient. Data from 1088 patients were analyzed. Six types of septal deviations were identified. This new classification of septal deviations was developed with special regard to clinical anatomical findings. Leading as well as concomitant pathological findings were assigned to the six types of septal deviation. The frequencies of occurrence of hyperplasia of the inferior turbinate and concha bullosa of the middle turbinate were specified. The systematic assessment of relevant structures may help to develop improved surgical strategies. Furthermore, the systematic teaching of young surgeons to perform septal surgery may be facilitated. Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany. ingo.baumann@med.uni-heidelberg.de Baumann Ingo I Baumann Helmut H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Humans Hyperplasia Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum Nose Deformities, Acquired classification Rhinoplasty Turbinates pathology 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956023 17956022 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology On the sneeze-reflex and its control. 218-9 Experiments in cats have shown that sneezing can be induced using low intensity electrical current. This study focusses on answering the question whether the sneezing-reflex can also be induced in man through electrical stimulation, whether it is reproducible, and if the response can be abolished pharmacologically? Three healthy males were tested using intranasal stimulation in different parts of the nose using a current from an electric pulse generator. Using currents in the range 2-11 mA, it was possible to induce and reproduce sneezing in the anterior portion of the nose corresponding to the distribution area of the anterior ethmoidal nerve. In one tested subject, local anaesthetics applied to the mucous membranes of the nose abolished the sneezing. Sneeze reflex-reduction may be one way to reduce viral contamination between subjects. Further research could include pharmacological investigations to identify a sneeze-inhibiting substance with small risks for side effects that can be added to common cold nasal sprays. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden. dag.hyden@lio.se Hydén Dag D Arlinger Stig S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Electric Stimulation Humans Male Middle Aged Reflex physiology Sneezing physiology 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956022 17956021 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology pH in nasal exhaled breath condensate in healthy adults. 214-7 This paper describes a new method to assess nasal pH in nasal exhaled breath condensate in adults. The study included 19 healthy, non-smoking, adult volunteers without current upper respiratory disease, COPD or asthma. Expiratory breath condensate (EBC) was collected from the nose and mouth respectively. A Jaeger breath condenser was fitted with a transparent facemask and during oral sampling it was fitted with a mouthpiece. The condensates were bubbled with argon gas for 10 minutes to reduce carbon dioxide and the samples were analysed immediately using a calibrated glass electrode and a portable pH-meter. The mean pH in the nasal EBC was 7.0 +/- 0.5 and in oral EBC 6.9 +/- 0.7 (p = 0.6). The nasal EBC-pH was well in agreement with data from previous studies, which measured pH directly on the nasal mucosa with an electrode. In conclusion, this paper describes a method to measure pH in nasal exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in healthy adults during tidal breathing. The nasal EBC-pH related well to previous data from intranasal pH measurements suggesting that nasal EBC-pH could have a role in monitoring pH alterations in the nasal mucosa such as nasal inflammation. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Svensson Sophie S Hellgren Johan J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Breath Tests Exhalation Female Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa chemistry Specimen Handling 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956021 17956020 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Vitamin D3, vitamin K2, and warfarin regulate bone metabolism in human paranasal sinus bones. 208-13 Several recent studies have indicated that the paranasal sinus bones undergo pathophysiological changes in patients with chronic sinusitis. We examined the mineralization activity of osteoblasts and the production of osteocalcin and cytokines in cultured human osteoblasts derived from ethmoidal bones treated with vitamin D3, vitamin K2, and warfarin to investigate the metabolic effects of these treatments on paranasal sinus bones. In the bones treated with vitamin D3 plus vitamin K2, osteocalcin production and the ratio of the mineralization of osteoblasts were increased. Warfarin inhibited the promotive effects of vitamin K2 in the presence of vitamin D3. With regard to TGF-beta production, there was quite a difference in response depending on the isoforms. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that these vitamins and warfarin may be useful in improving bone metabolism in paranasal sinus bones, and may additionally improve the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. sugimoto1600@hotmail.com Sugimoto Ichiro I Hirakawa Katsuhiro K Ishino Takashi T Takeno Sachio S Yajin Koji K eng In Vitro Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anticoagulants 0 Cytokines 11032-49-8 Vitamin K 2 67-97-0 Cholecalciferol 81-81-2 Warfarin IM Adult Aged Anticoagulants pharmacology Calcification, Physiologic drug effects Cells, Cultured Cholecalciferol pharmacology Cytokines metabolism Facial Bones cytology metabolism Female Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoblasts drug effects metabolism Paranasal Sinuses metabolism Vitamin K 2 pharmacology Warfarin pharmacology 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956020 17956019 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Excessive obesity is related to daily symptoms of nasal blockage: the Skövde population-based study. 205-7 This study has as its focus on obesity as a factor of importance for nasal blockage. A random sample of 1.900 adults stratified according to age and gender were recruited from the general population. The study included a structured interview about symptoms of nasal blockage and asthma, and a clinical examination with nasal endoscopy. Smoking habits were evaluated by a questionnaire on current and previous smoking. A response rate of 73% was achieved. There was a statistically significant relationship between subjectively experienced daily nasal blockage and registered heavy overweight, but no relationship was found between nasal blockage and age, gender, diabetes or asthma. The odds ratio (OR) for individuals with excessive obesity to have daily symptoms of nasal blockage was 3.7 [95% CI 1.6-7.6]. In patients with nasal blockage, obesity as a cause should be taken into consideration. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, SE-541 85 Skövde, Sweden. Johansson Leif L Bende Mats M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction epidemiology Obesity epidemiology Odds Ratio Sweden epidemiology 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956019 17956018 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Clinical presentation of acute rhinosinusitis in children reflects paranasal sinus development. 202-4 Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) usually presents with respiratory symptoms that persist for more than 10 days without improving. The aim of the study was to establish whether age may have any influence on the clinical presentation during childhood. This prospective study evaluated 287 consecutive children (152 males and 135 females, aged between 2 and 15 years), in whom mild-moderate ARS was clinically suspected. Nasal endoscopy was performed in all of them to confirm the diagnosis. Endoscopy confirmed clinical diagnosis of ARS in 256 patients (89.2%). The age has shown to have significant influence on the clinical presentation pattern. This study provides evidence that age significantly influences the clinical presentation in children with mild-moderate ARS. Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Italy. gl.marseglia@smatteo.pv.it Marseglia Gian Luigi GL Pagella Fabio F Caimmi Davide D Caimmi Silvia S Leone Maddalena M Marseglia Alessia A Klersy Catherine C Ciprandi Giorgio G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Age Factors Child Child, Preschool Cough etiology Female Halitosis etiology Headache etiology Humans Male Paranasal Sinuses growth & development Prospective Studies Rhinitis diagnosis Sinusitis diagnosis 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956018 17956017 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Recommended and prescribed symptomatic treatment for acute maxillary sinusitis in Finnish primary care. 197-201 We studied the use of symptomatic medication in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS) in primary care and whether this use is in accordance with national guidelines. The data was collected annually in the Antimicrobial Treatment Strategies (MIKSTRA) Program in 30 primary health care centres throughout Finland during one week in November in the years from 1998 to 2002. Physicians and nurses collected the data about the diagnoses, prescription-only medicines and over the counter medicines prescribed or recommended for all patients with an infection during the study weeks. The MIKSTRA data comprised of 23.002 first consultations for an infection: 2.448 patients were diagnosed as having AMS. Altogether, 41% of them received some symptomatic medicine. Antihistamines with or without sympathomimetics were the most commonly prescribed or recommended symptomatic medicines (23% of the patients). For comparison, systemic antibacterial agents were prescribed for 93% of the AMS patients. We conclude that Finnish physicians recommend or prescribe more symptomatic medication without proven efficacy for AMS than recommended by the national guidelines. Especially, the use of antihistamines with or without sympathomimetics, mostly the combination of acrivastine and pseudoephedrine, was common although antihistamines were recommended only for patients with allergy or nasal polyps. National Public Health Institute, Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, Turku, Finland. johanna.pulkki@ktl.fi Pulkki Johanna J Rautakorpi Ulla-Maija UM Huikko Solja S Honkanen Pekka P Klaukkas Timo T Mäkelä Marjukka M Palva Erkki E Roine Risto R Sarkkinen Hannu H Huovinen Pentti P Varonen Helena H MIKSTRA Collaborative Study Group eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Sympathomimetics IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Child Female Finland Guideline Adherence Histamine H1 Antagonists therapeutic use Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis drug therapy Middle Aged Physician's Practice Patterns Primary Health Care Sympathomimetics therapeutic use 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956017 17956016 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effect of mometasone furoate nasal spray on quality of life of patients with acute rhinosinusitis. 190-6 This study evaluated the effect of mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with acute, uncomplicated rhinosinusitis. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, HRQoL was assessed in 340 patients using the SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-20 questionnaire at baseline and after 15 days of treatment with MFNS 200 g once-daily (q.d.) or twice-daily (b.i.d.), amoxicillin 500 mg three times daily (t.i.d.), or placebo. Baseline mean total scores for SNOT-20 were similar in the four groups (2.15-2.23). At endpoint, there was a statistically significant improvement in mean total score only with MFNS 200 g b.i.d. (p = 0.047 versus placebo). MFNS was associated with numerical improvements in all SNOT-20 items compared with placebo. Treatment with MFNS 200 g b.i.d. is associated with a significant improvement in HRQoL compared with placebo in patients with acute, uncomplicated rhinosinusitis. Ear, Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. claus.bachert@ugent.be Bachert Claus C Meltzer Eli O EO eng Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Pregnadienediols 83919-23-7 mometasone furoate IM Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Double-Blind Method Health Status Indicators Humans Pregnadienediols therapeutic use Quality of Life Rhinitis drug therapy Sinusitis drug therapy 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956016 17956015 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The fungal debate: where do we stand today? 178-89 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses. Although bacteria have long been implicated as pathogens in most forms of CRS, it has been recognized that fungi may be responsible for some forms of CRS. Recent studies have shown that under optimal conditions, fungi can be identified within the nose and paranasal sinuses of nearly every individual. Considerable controversy exists concerning the proper diagnosis of and potential overlap between 'allergic fungal rhinosinusitis' and 'chronic rhinosinusitis'. Although the disease name 'allergic fungal rhinosinusitis' is suggestive of an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction to fungi, recent studies demonstrate the presence of elevated serum IgE levels to one fungus while another fungus is present in CRS mucin of the same individual, questioning the role of type I hypersensitivity. Several mechanisms explaining the role of fungi in the pathogenesis of CRS, all requiring additional investigations with adequate controls, have been suggested and will be reviewed. Although preliminary trials suggest a beneficial effect of topical and oral antifungal agents in the treatment of CRS patients, several double-blind placebo controlled trials do not. Presently, in the absence of convincing immunological data and evidence of clinical improvement of CRS upon therapy with antifungal agents, the case against the fungus remains unproven. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. f.a.ebbens@amc.uva.nl Ebbens F A FA Georgalas C C Rinia A B AB van Drunen C M CM Lund V J VJ Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antifungal Agents 0 Immunoglobulin G 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B IM Amphotericin B therapeutic use Antifungal Agents therapeutic use Eosinophilia microbiology Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunoglobulin G immunology Nasal Mucosa immunology Rhinitis drug therapy immunology microbiology Sinusitis drug therapy immunology microbiology Specimen Handling T-Lymphocytes immunology Treatment Outcome 75 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956015 17956014 2007 10 24 2007 12 20

0300-0729 45 3 2007 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Acute rhinosinusitis--old disease, new perspectives. 177 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial Introductory Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids IM Acute Disease Administration, Intranasal Glucocorticoids administration & dosage Humans Rhinitis diagnosis drug therapy Sinusitis diagnosis drug therapy 2007 10 25 9 0 2007 12 21 9 0 2007 10 25 9 0 ppublish 17956014 17432079 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rapidly expanding maxillary pneumosinus dilatans. 93-5 Maxillary pneumosinus dilatans is a rare and difficult to diagnose condition at its outset. The natural history of a case where a computer tomography (CT) scan was performed 6 months prior diagnosis raises the possibity that pneumosisnus dilatans and sinus pneumocoele may be a continuum of the same diease process. The classification and aetiology are discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic. jvlcek@iol.cz Vlckova Ingrid I White Paul S PS eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Diagnosis, Differential Dilatation, Pathologic radiography Exophthalmos etiology Facial Asymmetry etiology Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography Nasal Obstruction etiology Paranasal Sinus Diseases radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432079 17432078 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Oncocytic schneiderian papilloma confined to the sphenoid sinus detected by FDG-PET. 89-92 We report a 55-year-old man with oncocytic schneiderian papilloma confined to the sphenoid sinus, which was initially detected by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) at a very early stage. Based on CT and MRI findings, we suspected that the tumor was most likely benign; however, positive uptake in FDG-PET suggested malignancy. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of the tumor, and the histopathological diagnosis turned out to be oncocytic schneiderian papilloma. FDG-PET is thought to be a powerful tool to search for malignant lesions, but the present case demonstrates the fallibility of this technique. This should be taken into consideration when interpreting FDG-PET images. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. Udaka Tsuyoshi T Shiomori Teruo T Nagatani Gunji G Hisaoka Masanori M Kakeda Shingo S Korogi Yukunori Y Suzuki Hideaki H eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Radiopharmaceuticals 63503-12-8 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 IM Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 diagnostic use Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasms, Second Primary radionuclide imaging Oxyphil Cells pathology Papilloma pathology radionuclide imaging Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology radionuclide imaging Positron-Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals diagnostic use Sphenoid Sinus radionuclide imaging 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432078 17432077 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal fracture reduction: local versus general anaesthesia. 83-8 To investigate the outcomes from nasal fracture reduction performed under local anaesthesia (LA) and general anaesthesia (GA). A randomised multi-centred prospective trial and cohort analysis. Patients were randomised into two groups, 74 (53%) underwent closed reduction under LA, 65 (47%) patients underwent closed reduction under GA. Pain scores and patient toleration of local or general nasal manipulation was noted. The pain score ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). The mean pain score in the LA group was 3, compared to 2 in the GA group. LA manipulation was tolerated equally well as GA manipulation by 85% of the patients in each group. The number of patients requiring a septorhinoplasty was compared between LA 19/74 (26%), and GA 21/65 (32%). This failed to demonstrate a significant difference with a p value of 0.50. The absolute risk difference was 5% with a 95% confidence interval of (20% to -10%). This trial clearly shows LA to be as effective as GA in the first line management of nasal fractures. The degree of septal displacement and presence of nasal tip deviation were associated with persistent nasal deformity following nasal fracture reduction. Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom. sadiekhwaja@hotmail.com Khwaja S S Pahade A V AV Luff D D Green M W MW Green K M J KM eng Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 137-58-6 Lidocaine IM Adolescent Adult Aged Anesthesia, General Anesthesia, Local Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage Cohort Studies Female Humans Lidocaine administration & dosage Male Manipulation, Orthopedic Middle Aged Nasal Bone injuries Nasal Obstruction etiology Nasal Septum pathology Nose pathology Nose Deformities, Acquired etiology Pain Measurement Patient Satisfaction Postoperative Complications Prospective Studies Skull Fractures therapy 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432077 17432076 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Measuring nasal tip and lobule width; effect of transdomal and lateral crura suturing. 79-82 There is no golden standard in measuring the width of the nasal tip and lobule. In this study we tried to validate the parameters Tip Index (TI) and Lobular Index (LI) as parameters for Nasal Tip Width (NTW) and Nasal Lobule Width (NLW) respectively. Trandomal suturing and lateral crura suturing were used to alter NTW and NLW respectively. Standardized digital photographs (basal view) of open approach rhinoplasty patients were analysed. Transdomal sutures and lateral crura sutures were used in 29 and 28 patients, respectively. TI and LI were determined with digital imaging software (Adobe Photoshop) pre- and postoperatively. Average (SD) preoperative LI changed from 0.74 (0.07) to 0.71 (0.06) postoperatively with the lateral crura suturing technique (p = 0.045). We were not able to measure an effect in TI with the transdomal suturing technique. Detailed postoperative analysis with digital imaging software contributes to greater understanding of nasal tip mechanics. LI proved to be a valuable technique to describe NLW refinement. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands. K.Ingels@kno.umcn.nl Ingels K K Orhan K S KS eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cephalometry methods Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Nose anatomy & histology surgery Photography Retrospective Studies Rhinoplasty methods Suture Techniques 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432076 17432075 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Effect of a balanced anaesthetic technique using desflurane and remifentanil on surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery. 72-8 Controlled hypotension is used to improve surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery. Several drug combinations are suitable to provide deep and predictable level of anaesthesia combined with an exact control of intraoperative blood pressure. However, only little is known about the relative importance of the level of hypnosis on the one hand and analgesia on the other hand. Prospective, randomized, patient and observer-blinded study. All 100 consecutive patients received a balanced anaesthesia technique using desflurane and remifentanil. Anaesthesia was desflurane-accentuated with remifentanil-supplementation (DARS-group: 1 MAC desflurane; remifentanil: 0.2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or remifentanil-accentuated with desflurane-supplementation (RADS-group: desflurane: 0.5 MAC; remifentanil: 0.4 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Administration of anaesthetics performed to maintain a sufficient level of anaesthesia and to keep mean arterial pressure between 60 and 70 mmHg (8-9.3 hPa). The attending ENT-surgeons were unaware of the type of anaesthesia and rated general surgical conditions and the dryness of the operating site on a visual analogue scale (0-10 cm) and on a verbal rating scale immediately after surgery. Blood pressure and heart rate was not different between the two groups. Dryness of the operating site was rated significantly better (p < 0.0001) in the DARS-group (median; 25th/75th-percentile: 2.0; 1.5-3.5 vs. RADS-group: 2.6; 2.0-4.0) but the overall rating of the surgical conditions did not differ between the groups (DARS-group: 2.0; 1.0-2.4 vs. RADS-group: 2.2; 1.5-3.2). Immediate postoperative recovery times were increased in the RADS-group, but there was no difference with respect to fit-for-discharge criteria one hour after surgery. Balanced anaesthesia using high dose of desflurane offers small but statistically significant advantages with respect to dryness of the operating site compared to an opioid-accentuated anaesthesia technique. However, since the opioid-accentuated anaesthetic group had a faster immediate recovery both techniques are equally effective for microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery. Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany. eberhart@mailer.uni-marburg.de Eberhart L H J LH Kussin A A Arndt C C Lange H H Folz B J BJ Werner J A JA Wulf H H Kill C C eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Combined 0 Anesthetics, Inhalation 0 Anesthetics, Intravenous 0 Piperidines 132875-61-7 remifentanil 26675-46-7 Isoflurane 57041-67-5 desflurane IM Adult Anesthesia Recovery Period Anesthetics, Combined administration & dosage Anesthetics, Inhalation administration & dosage Anesthetics, Intravenous administration & dosage Blood Loss, Surgical prevention & control Blood Pressure drug effects Electroencephalography drug effects Endoscopy methods Female Heart Rate drug effects Humans Hypotension, Controlled Intraoperative Care Isoflurane administration & dosage analogs & derivatives Male Microsurgery methods Middle Aged Patient Discharge Piperidines administration & dosage Prospective Studies Single-Blind Method Sinusitis surgery 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432075 17432074 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Optimal time for nasal packing removal after septoplasty. A comparative study. 68-71 The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and subjective discomfort of one-day internal dressing compared to that of two-day in patients undergoing nasal septal surgery. Prospective, randomized, clinical trial conducted on 75 patients undergoing septoplasty in a tertiary ENT clinic. Discomfort caused by nasal dressings was evaluated by means of a visual analog scale. Postoperative complications were also compared. Mean discomfort score for group A (nasal packing for 48 hours) was 3.5 (SD 1.15) vs. 2.7 (SD 1.52) for group B (nasal packing for 24 hours). Significant lower discomfort is reported when the nasal packing is removed the first day instead of after two or more days. No increase in complication rate was noticed. Our results point out that one-day internal nasal dressing is preferable to that of two or more days, because of less patient discomfort and increased cost-effectiveness without increasing immediate complications. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Hajiioannou Jiannis K JK Bizaki Argiro A Fragiadakis George G Bourolias Constantinos C Spanakis Ilias I Chlouverakis Gregory G Bizakis John J eng Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Emollients 8009-03-8 Petrolatum IM Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Emollients Epistaxis etiology Female Fever etiology Hematoma etiology Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Pain Measurement Pain, Postoperative etiology Petrolatum Postoperative Complications Prospective Studies Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Suture Techniques Tampons, Surgical adverse effects Time Factors Turbinates surgery 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432074 17432073 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Lessons learnt in the management of Wegener's Granulomatosis: long-term follow-up of 60 patients. 63-7 To assess all patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis treated in Nottingham, with particular focus on relapse rate and the useful predictors of relapse. We evaluated how well the findings of nasal examination correlated with disease relapse compared to other parameters such as c-ANCA, ESR and CRP. Presenting features, diagnosis, adverse effects of treatment and mortality rate, were also studied. Retrospective examination of 60 patient notes, diagnosed and treated for Wegener's granulomatosis at Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham. The mean follow up period was 8.7 years. Relapse was defined as per the European Vasculitis Study criteria. cANCA is a useful test at presentation for diagnosis but a negative result does not rule out the disease. Those presenting with ENT symptoms alone may have less raised inflammatory markers but similar cANCA titres as patients with multi-system disease. However, at relapse, patients with ENT disease alone have similar levels of inflammatory markers as those with multi-system relapse. Nasal examination was useful at monitoring the presence of disease activity where the nasal lining is affected. Signs of intranasal disease in the form of granular tissue, erythema and bleeding to light touch and crusting over granulation tissue are good predictors of disease activity. A raised cANCA, ESR or CRP provide supporting information about disease activity but if they are negative this does not exclude active disease. cANCA levels were as elevated at relapse in patients who had isolated nasal symptoms and signs as in those with evidence of systemic disease. Low relapse rates were found possibly due to prompt and rigorous initial immunosuppression even in limited disease. This seemed to lead to less progression of patients to multi-system disease and hence a low mortality rate of 5%. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Sproson E L EL Jones N S NS Al-Deiri M M Lanyon P P eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic 0 Biological Markers 0 Immunosuppressive Agents 0 Inflammation Mediators 9007-41-4 C-Reactive Protein IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic analysis Biological Markers analysis Blood Sedimentation C-Reactive Protein analysis Erythema physiopathology Female Follow-Up Studies Forecasting Hemorrhage physiopathology Humans Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects therapeutic use Inflammation Mediators analysis Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Nose Diseases diagnosis physiopathology therapy Recurrence Retrospective Studies Survival Rate Wegener Granulomatosis diagnosis physiopathology therapy 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432073 17432072 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of efficacy of topical corticosteroid for the clinical treatment of nasal polyposis: searching for clinical events that may predict response to treatment. 59-62 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical response to topical budesonide in patients with nasal polyposis (NP) and to evaluate if there is any clinical event that may predict the response to treatment. Twenty patients with NP were assessed by a clinical questionnaire, nasal endoscopy and sinusal computed tomography. The patients were then medicated with budesonide, 256 microg/nostril/day, for a 2-month period and afterwards they were submitted to a new clinical questionnaire and a new endoscopy. Post-treatment endoscopy revealed a significant reduction of polyp size's score (4.25 vs. 2.90, p < 0.01), which was associated to improvement of nasal symptoms: posterior rhinorrhea, headache, hyposmia, anterior rhinorrhea, and sneezing (p < 0.05). There was also a significant improvement of the sum of scores (20.10 vs. 10.30, p < 0.0001). Cacosmia and nasal itching did not respond to medical treatment. Patients with a higher tomographic extension of the polyp presented a significantly worse clinical response (p < 0.05). We conclude that there was partial, but significant, improvement of nasal symptoms and polyp size after treatment with nasal budesonide and that this clinical improvement was inversely correlated to the tomographic extension of NP at diagnosis. Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brasil. facpvalera@uol.com.br Valera Fabiana C P FC Anselmo-Lima Wilma T WT eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Topical Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Budesonide administration & dosage therapeutic use Endoscopy Female Glucocorticoids administration & dosage therapeutic use Headache prevention & control Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction prevention & control Nasal Polyps drug therapy Olfaction Disorders prevention & control Paranasal Sinuses radiography Questionnaires Remission Induction Rhinitis prevention & control Sneezing drug effects Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432072 17432071 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The validity of CCCRC test in patients with nasal polyposis. 54-8 Both the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) test and Cross Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT) are used to assess the sense of smell in patients all over the world. Our aim is to know whether the CCCRC test is a valid olfactory test in comparison with CC-SIT. Therefore, we have done a prospective study in 60 adult patients with nasal polyposis to compare the validity of CCCRC with UPSIT. We used the CCCRC olfactory test made up of a threshold and suprathreshold test while CC-SIT relies solely upon suprathreshold measurement. We determined the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for patients suffering nasal polyposis with the CCCRC test. The validity index was 95% and accuracy rate was 8%. We determined unit cost and the reliability of the CCCRC test. For patients with nasal polyposis: the sensitivity was 86%; the specificity was 94%; the positive predictive value was 93% and the negative predictive value was 88%. The reliability was 92%. The unit cost of the CCCRC was 5.60 euro. The CCCRC test is a valid test in comparison with CC-SIT. CCCRC is cheap and can be used in routine clinical settings. Department of Rhinology, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. atoledano@fhalcorcon.es Toledano Adolfo A González Enriqueta E Rodríguez Gil G Galindo Néstor N eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Butanols 0 Reagent Kits, Diagnostic IM Adult Butanols diagnostic use Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps physiopathology Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Reagent Kits, Diagnostic economics statistics & numerical data Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Sensory Thresholds classification Smell physiology 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432071 17432070 2007 04 13 2007 07 09 2007 11 15

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence of parosmia: the Skövde population-based studies. 50-3 Parosmia can be defined as a qualitative odor distortion. Despite the consequences of this condition for quality of life, the scientific literature lacks information about the prevalence of parosmia in the general population, which was the objective of the present study. Random samples of 1,900 adult and 401 teenage inhabitants, stratified for age and gender, were drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. In total, 1,713 individuals (74% of the samples) agreed to participate, of which 1,387 (73%) were adults and 326 (81%) were teenagers. They responded to a question about parosmia by means of either a structured interview (adults) or a questionnaire (teenagers). The overall prevalence of parosmia was 3.9% (4.0% in adults and 3.4% in teenagers), which was stable across gender, but differed somewhat between age groups, with highest prevalence in the age group 20-29 years. The rather high overall prevalence, 3.9%, does indeed suggest that parosmia deserves attention when attempting to better understand olfactory dysfunction in clinical settings and in the general population of both adults and teenagers. Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden. steven.nordin@psy.umu.se Nordin Steven S Brämerson Annika A Millqvist Eva E Bende Mats M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction epidemiology Olfaction Disorders epidemiology Population Surveillance Prevalence Questionnaires Rhinitis epidemiology Sex Factors Smoking epidemiology Sweden epidemiology Urban Health statistics & numerical data 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432070 17432069 2007 04 13 2007 07 09 2010 11 18

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Paediatric periorbital cellulitis and its management. 47-9 Periorbital cellulitis is often difficult to distinguish from orbital cellulitis, which is a rare but potentially fatal disease. There are only a few small studies in the literature and we aim to look at an ideal way of managing periorbital cellulitis in a paediatric population using our department's experience. Retrospective analysis of case notes and computer records of children attending our hospital with periorbital cellulitis over 26 month period. Thirty-four patients met the criteria. Sixteen patients had reduced visual acuity, proptosis or ophthalmoplegia. Twenty-three had white cell count checked, 14 were raised and 7 of these had an operation. Eleven had blood cultures checked and all were negative. Seven had other cultures taken, Streptococcus milleri was the predominant organism isolated. Sixteen were CT scanned, 14 showed significant sinus disease. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics and ten required operative intervention. Two patients developed lateral orbital collections requiring further surgery. Although relatively rare, periorbital cellulitis can be dangerous and it is essential for it to be treated seriously. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in managing children with this condition, with a good history and full blood count assisting in assessing severity, but a CT scan of the patient's sinuses is essential to differentiate from orbital cellulitis. Otolaryngology Department, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Beech Thomas T Robinson Anne A McDermott Anne-Louise AL Sinha Arun A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Adolescent Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Cellulitis complications diagnosis therapy Child Child, Preschool Drainage Exophthalmos etiology Female Humans Infant Leukocyte Count Male Ophthalmoplegia etiology Orbital Diseases complications diagnosis therapy Retrospective Studies Sinusitis diagnosis microbiology Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis Streptococcal Infections diagnosis Streptococcus milleri Group isolation & purification Therapeutic Irrigation Tomography, X-Ray Computed Visual Acuity physiology 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432069 17432068 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Use of nasal provocation test in the diagnostics of occupational rhinitis. 40-6 The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness and clinical value of the nasal provocation test (NPT) with various allergens and non-IgE-mediated irritants in the diagnostics assessing occupational rhinitis. A large number nasal provocation data from patients with suspected occupational rhinitis was evaluated retrospectively. The results of nasal provocation tests with different agents, as well as the correlation of nasal scoring to weighed mucus secretion, were analyzed. Altogether 507 NPTs were done in three years in 165 persons. In total, 39% of the allergen provocations (125/318) were positive. The most common positive reactions were against flours, animal epithelia, storage mites and various plants. Wood dusts, mainly through non-IgE-mediated reactions, gave 50% positive results. Positive NPTs to moulds were observed mainly in sensitized patients. Altogether, 10% of the control provocations were positive. The weighting of mucus secretion added sensitivity of NPT. The NPT is an essential standard tool in the diagnostics of allergic occupational rhinitis; however it needs to be evaluated in the context of the medical and work history and knowledge of sensitization. Although expensive and laborious, NPT is safe and easy for the patient. We still need reliable diagnostic tools for non-allergic work-related rhinitis. Finnish Institution of Occupational Health, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Helsinki, Finland. Liisa.Airaksinen@ttl.fi Airaksinen Liisa L Tuomi Timo T Vanhanen Markku M Voutilainen Risto R Toskala Elina E eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Dust 0 Irritants 0 Placebos IM Acaridae immunology Adult Allergens diagnostic use Animals Dust Epithelium immunology Female Flour Fungi immunology Humans Irritants diagnostic use Male Middle Aged Mucus drug effects secretion Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Occupational Diseases diagnosis Placebos Plants immunology Retrospective Studies Rhinitis diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Single-Blind Method Skin Tests Wood 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432068 17432067 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Reference values for acoustic rhinometry in decongested school children and adults: the most sensitive measurement for change in nasal patency. 36-9 Only a limited reference material for acoustic rhinometry (AR) exists for school children most often calculated as the minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) in the non-decongested nose. We want to establish a set of reference values for MCA and nasal volumes for both adults and children and include values also for the decongested nose and determine the most sensitive measurement for change in nasal patency. Data from two studies were used; one comprising of 53 (20M, 33F) school children, age 9-11 years, and one comprising 146 (127M, 19F) healthy workers in the wood industry. Measurements by acoustic rhinometry were done before and after decongestion with two puffs of oxymethazoline nasal spray (1 mg/ml). We found the decongested nasal volume (2-5 cm) to be 3.71 cm3 (3.58-3.84) in school children and 5.44 cm3 (5.21-5.67) in adults. We found the volume from 2-5 cm into the nasal cavity to be the most sensitive measure of change in nasal patency by decongestion, and MCA to be the least sensitive in both adults and children. A larger study population of children, covering a broader range of age, is needed to stratify for gender and height. Our data in adults are in accordance with previous findings. We have provided a reference material for acoustic rhinometry in school children and adults. Future evaluation of change in nasal patency should contain information about nasal volume from 2-5 cm into the nasal cavity and not just MCA in adults and school children. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. spvs@mil.au.dk Straszek Sune P SP Schlünssen Vivi V Sigsgaard T T Pedersen Ole F OF eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust 0 Nasal Decongestants 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline IM Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Anatomy, Cross-Sectional Asthma drug therapy pathology Child Dermatitis, Atopic drug therapy pathology Dust Female Humans Industry Male Nasal Cavity drug effects pathology Nasal Decongestants therapeutic use Nasal Mucosa drug effects Oxymetazoline therapeutic use Pulmonary Ventilation drug effects Reference Values Rhinitis drug therapy pathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy pathology Rhinometry, Acoustic statistics & numerical data Smoking Wood 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432067 17432066 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Surgical approaches for nasal dermal sinus cysts. 31-5 Nasal midline masses of ectodermal origin include nasal dermoids (ND) and nasal dermal sinus cysts (NDSC). NDSC are characterized by an intracranial-extradural extension, while ND are limited to the nasal dorsum, medial canthus, or glabella without intracranial extension. We report our experience in 11 NDSC patients. The goal of this study is to present the management including surgical technique for NDSC and compare it with the literature. Because a transfacial approach for NDSC with vertical incision caused visible scarring in two out of three patients, we applied a new surgical approach in four patients. This approach consisted of a simple excision and mobilisation of the pit while the proximal part is resected using a coronal transfrontal approach. The relation of the nasal fistula to the nasal bone is essential considering osteotomy. Disruption of the bony cartilaginous junction of the nasal dorsum must be prevented to avoid later growth impairment of the nose. There was no recurrence of NDSC in all 7 operated patients after a mean follow-up of 3.9 years (range 0.5-7.2 years). Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. david.holzmann@usz.ch Holzmann David D Huisman Thierry A G M TA Holzmann Philipp P Stoeckli Sandro J SJ eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Cartilage surgery Child Child, Preschool Cicatrix prevention & control Cutaneous Fistula surgery Cysts surgery Dermoid Cyst surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Frontal Bone surgery Humans Infant Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Nasal Bone surgery Nose Diseases surgery Nose Neoplasms surgery Osteotomy Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Respiratory Tract Fistula surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432066 17432065 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. 24-30 Juvenile angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign but locally aggressive tumour of the nasopharynx that primarily occurs in adolescent males. We report a series of 6 consecutive cases operated by exclusive endoscopic approach between from March 1996 and June 2003. All were male. The mean age was 17.2 years old (range: 11-23 years). The tumour involved the nasopharynx in all the cases (6/6), the sphenoid sinus (3/6) and the medial part of the pterygopalatine fossa (4/6). According to Radkowski's classification (Table 1), one patient was stage Ia, one was stage Ib and four patients were stage IIb. The mean duration of the surgery was 2 hours. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 575 ml despite a preoperative hyperselective embolization. The mean follow-up after the first operation was 67 months. All patients but one were free of disease. One patient had a recurrence in the nasopharynx and sphenoid sinuses requiring a successful revision procedure 3 years after the primary surgery. Another patient presented with a 5 mm non-symptomatic nodule in the pterygopalatine fossa, regressing on MRI during the 4 years following the surgery. In conclusion, endoscopic resection of JNA is a difficult but effective operation in experienced hands. Based upon the recent international literature, endonasal surgery combined with a preoperative embolization of the arterial supply is indicated for small and middle size JNAs but also for large tumours extended to the pterygopalatine fossa and medial aspect of the infratemporal fossa. Minimal intracranial extension is not an absolute contraindication if there is no clinical or radiological involvement of the cavernous sinus. A tridimentional guiding system can be of some help in large tumours. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530-Yvoir, Belgium. philippe.eloy@orlo.ucl.ac.be Eloy Ph P Watelet J B JB Hatert A S AS de Wispelaere J J Bertrand B B eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Angiofibroma surgery Blood Loss, Surgical Child Embolization, Therapeutic Endoscopy methods Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local pathology Nose Neoplasms surgery Palate surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Reoperation Skull Base Neoplasms surgery Sphenoid Bone surgery Sphenoid Sinus surgery Time Factors 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432065 17432064 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of an anatomic model of the paranasal sinuses for endonasal surgical training. 20-3 To assess the suitability of a new anatomic model of the paranasal sinuses for endonasal surgical training. Prospective observational pilot study. A new anatomic model of the paranasal sinuses was developed by the Department of Anatomy at the University of Zurich. The practicability of the model was evaluated by three experienced endoscopic sinus surgeons with a special focus on its possible use in training. Standardized surgical procedures were performed under simulated real-life conditions in the operating theatre. The endoscopic appearance of the nasal airway closely resembled real human tissue and the detailed anatomy of the model allowed the same structured surgical steps to be performed as in real life in the absence of bleeding. This anatomic model is a readily available teaching tool for endoscopic sinus surgeons. ORL-Zentrum, Center for Otology, Skull Base Surgery, Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery, The Hirslanden Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland. briner@orl-zentrum.com Briner Hans Rudolf HR Simmen Daniel D Jones Nick N Manestar Darko D Manestar Mirjana M Lang Axel A Groscurth Peter P eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Cadaver Endoscopy education Ethmoid Sinus anatomy & histology surgery Frontal Sinus anatomy & histology surgery Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Male Maxillary Sinus anatomy & histology surgery Models, Anatomic Nose anatomy & histology surgery Otolaryngology education Paranasal Sinuses anatomy & histology surgery Pilot Projects Prospective Studies Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology surgery Teaching Materials Video Recording 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432064 17432063 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery for 'sinus headache'. 14-9 The relationship between sinus disease and headache is complicated. We undertook a prospective study to examine the success of endoscopic sinus surgery for the alleviation of headache in a defined group of individuals. In particular we wished to discover whether the presence of asthma, nasal polyposis and purulent rhinosinusitis indicated that surgical intervention achieved any greater relief of symptoms compared to those without these conditions. Overall we found a significant improvement in headache symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery, but subgroup analysis of patients with or without asthma, nasal polyposis and purulent rhinosinusitis showed no differences between the groups. Department of Otolaryngology, Ipswich Hospital, Suffolk, United Kingdom. john.phillips@mac.com Phillips J S JS Vowler S L SL Salam M A MA eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2007 Mar;45(1):1-2 17432061 Adolescent Adult Aged Asthma complications Endoscopy Facial Pain etiology prevention & control Female Follow-Up Studies Headache etiology prevention & control Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications Prospective Studies Rhinitis complications Sinusitis complications surgery Suppuration Treatment Outcome 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432063 17432062 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Biofilms and chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review of evidence, current concepts and directions for research. 3-13 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) possesses the hallmarks of biofilm mediated disease. This paper represents a systematic review of the published evidence for biofilms as the mediator of the inflammation in CRS. Current concepts on biofilm formation and properties, treatment strategies and directions for research are discussed. A systematic review of the published literature for biofilms and their role in chronic rhinosinusitis was undertaken. Both Medline (1966-2006) and Embase (1988-2006) were searched until November 2006 which yielded 652 articles, 13 of which provided original research of biofilms in CRS. There were 7 studies demonstrating biofilm morphology in mucosal samples from human CRS patients. One study showed similar evidence for biofilms in an animal model of CRS. FISH techniques with CLSM were employed in one study to demonstrate biofilm formation in situ by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenza and P. aeruginosa. In vitro biofilm forming capacity of microbiological samples, after culture, was assessed in two studies. Correlation with a clinical outcome was also made in these papers. One study demonstrated biofilm growth in removed frontal sinus stents. Biofilms are associated with CRS, however, little research is available to define their role in the pathogenic process. There is tremendous potential for future research. Biofilms may be a significant factor in the inflammatory process. Rhinology Research Unit, The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. richard@richardharvey.com.au Harvey R J RJ Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Biofilms growth & development Chronic Disease Humans Nasal Mucosa microbiology Respiratory Mucosa microbiology Rhinitis microbiology Sinusitis microbiology 106 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432062 17432061 2007 04 13 2007 07 09

0300-0729 45 1 2007 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Sinus headaches. 1-2 Daudia A A Jones N S NS eng Comment Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2007 Mar;45(1):14-9 17432063 Endoscopy Facial Pain etiology prevention & control Headache etiology prevention & control Humans Rhinitis complications diagnosis surgery Sinusitis complications diagnosis surgery Treatment Outcome 2007 4 17 9 0 2007 7 10 9 0 2007 4 17 9 0 ppublish 17432061 17708467 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Histamine induces nasal obstruction via calcitonin gene-related peptide in sensitized guinea pigs. 169-75 The purpose of this study was to characterize the late phase nasal obstruction that is induced by a nasal histamine challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. The volume of the nasal cavity was measured using an acoustic rhinometer. A nasal histamine challenge to unsensitized animals induced nasal obstruction at 30 minutes after the challenge while a challenge to sensitized animals induced nasal obstruction not only at 30 minutes but also at 4-6 hours. Histamine (measured by high-performance liquid chromatography), cysteinyl leukotriene (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)), prostaglandin D2 (ELISA), eosinophils and basophilic cells of sensitized guinea pigs were not changed in the late phase after histamine challenge. Administration of pyrilamine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (8-37), a CGRP-1 receptor antagonist, significantly improved histamine-induced nasal obstruction at 30 minutes and in the late phase, respectively. These results suggest that a nasal histamine challenge induces nasal obstruction not only immediately through the histamine H1 receptors but also in a late phase via CGRP. Pharmacology Research Dept., Tsumura & Co., Yoshihara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan. sakaguchi_masaru@mail.tsumura.co.jp Sakaguchi Masaru M Imamura Sachiko S Yamamoto Masahiro M Yuzurihar Mitsutoshi M Kase Yoshio Y Takeda Shuichi S Ukai Kotaro K Sakakura Yasuo Y Majima Yuichi Y eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine 83652-28-2 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide IM Animals Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide physiology Guinea Pigs Histamine physiology Male Nasal Obstruction etiology 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708467 17708466 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Screening of olfactory function using odourized markers. 164-8 The goal of our study was to create a psychophysical test for the screening of olfactory function on the basis of commercially available odourized markers (OM). There are six coloured markers in one package filled with different odourants at suprathreshold levels. In order to identify the best approach, we investigated five different variations of the technique. Olfaction was investigated in 189 subjects. Healthy participants as well as patients suffering from olfactory disorders were tested. Initially subjects were tested by one of five methods using OM. Finally, the "Sniffin' Sticks" test (butanol odour threshold, odour identification) was performed. Correlation of the OM screening test and the "Sniffin' Sticks" ranged from 0.49 to 0.93 indicating that variations of the technique strongly influence the results of testing. The best technique for evaluating olfactory function included spontaneous naming of odours and odour identification from a list of four distractors. The sensitivity of this method was sufficient to determine anosmia. The odourized markers screening test can be used to screen for anosmia in the general population. However, the precise quantification of olfactory function is not possible, because of the relatively small amount of odours. Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic. jan_vodicka@centrum.cz Vodicka J J Pellant A A Chrobok V V eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Smell physiology 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708466 17708465 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Forty-one cases of congenital choanal atresia over 26 years--retrospective analysis of outcome and technique. 158-63 This retrospective analysis reflects the outcome of various techniques used in a series of 41 cases of choanal atresia treated at the Department of Otoloaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery at the University of Mainz between 1980 and 2006. Thirteen bilateral and 28 unilateral cases are included. After endonasal management in 38 and a transpalatine approach in 3 cases a total of 15 patients needed revision surgery between 1 and 5 times to establish a stable result. Postoperative stenting was used in 23 patients with a failure rate of 35%, whereas only 11% of the 18 patients without stenting had to be revised. None of those 5 cases where Mitomycin C had been applied intraoperatively in combination with postoperative transnasal dilations needed surgical revision. We conclude that the endonasal micro-endoscopic surgical approach is successful if combined with postoperative dilations for up to one year. Stenting should be abandoned as it stimulates granulation formation that frequently leads to restenosis. The intraoperative application of Mitomycin C offers a promising adjunct in achieving a stable Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mainz, School of Medicine, Mainz, Germany. gosepath@hno.klinik.uni-mainz.de Gosepath Jan J Santamaria Vilma E VE Lippert Burkard M BM Mann Wolf J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Choanal Atresia surgery Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Surgical Procedures, Operative methods Time Factors Treatment Outcome 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708465 17708464 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Histological structure of the nasal cartilages and their perichondrial envelope. II. The perichondrial envelope of the septal and lobular cartilage. 153-7 The perichondrial envelopes of the septal cartilage and the lateral crus of the lobular cartilage were studied in serial coronal sections of five human noses. To differentiate between the various tissue components, the sections were stained according to Mallory-Cason, Azan, Herovici, Verhoeff-van Gieson, and Lawson. Collagen types I and II were immunohistochemically stained. The results demonstrated that the perichondrium of the septal cartilage and the lateral crus of the lobular cartilage consists of a homogeneous layer of type I collagen fibers and elastic fibers. The elastic fibers have a network-like arrangement and are most numerous in the perichondrium of the lateral crus of the lobular cartilage. Clearly distinguishable zones in the perichondrial envelopes could not be observed. The perichondrium on the outside of the lateral crus of the lobular cartilage and the triangular cartilage is significantly thicker than the inner perichondrium. It is speculated that these morphological characteristics of the perichondrial envelopes are related to functional differences between the cartilages. The mobility of the lateral crus of the lobular cartilage requires a higher content of elastic fibers in its perichondrium than the more rigid septal cartilage. A thicker outer perichondrium of the lateral crus of the lobular cartilage and the triangular cartilage may be related to muscular forces that are exerted on the outer side of the cartilages only. Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands. r.l.a.w.bleys@umcutrecht.nl Bleys Ronald L A W RL Popko Mariola M De Groot Jan-Willem JW Huizing Egbert H EH eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Cartilage anatomy & histology Humans Nasal Septum anatomy & histology 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708464 17708463 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Histological structure of the nasal cartilages and their perichondrial envelope. I. The septal and lobular cartilage. 148-52 The cellular elements and extracellular matrix of the nasal septal cartilage and the lateral crus of the lobular cartilage were studied in serial coronal sections of five human cadaver noses. To discern the various tissue components, the sections were stained according to the methods of Mallory-Cason, Azan, Herovici, Verhoeff-van Gieson, and Lawson as well as by immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the presence of collagen type I and II. A characteristic gradual transition of the chondrocytes was observed in both septal and lobular cartilage: from numerous small flat cells oriented parallel to the surface of the cartilage to less numerous larger ovaloid cells oriented perpendicular to the surface. This difference between the peripheral and central zones of the cartilage was particularly marked in lobular cartilage. Both septal and lobular cartilage have a high density of type II collagen but almost none of type I. The peripheral zones of the matrix showed a higher density of collagen than the central zone. This difference was more pronounced in septal than lobular cartilage. The high density of type II collagen in septal cartilage, particularly in the peripheral zones, suggests that one of the primary tasks of the septum is providing stiffness to the external nose. That idea is consistent with findings from our study of the perichondrial envelope. Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands. Popko Mariola M Bleys Ronald L A W RL De Groot Jan-Willem JW Huizing Egbert H EH eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Cadaver Cartilage anatomy & histology Humans Nasal Septum anatomy & histology 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708463 17708462 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between subjective assessment instruments in chronic rhinosinusitis. 144-7 To provide an evidence-based definition for the relationship between three subjective instruments for assessing severity of chronic rhinosinusitis- visual analogue scale, 'mild' 'moderate' and 'severe' (MMS) classification and perception of whether quality of life (QoL) is affected. One hundred sixteen subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis filled in a questionnaire rating simultaneously their perception of disease severity based (1) upon visual analogue scale, (2) MMS classification and (3) stating whether they felt their QoL was affected. The mean age of subjects was 50. The inter-quartile range of VAS scores for the respective MMS groups were: Mild 0.80-3.50, Moderate 4.40-6.33, Severe 7.70-9.50. In the group who perceived effects on QoL, the inter-quartile range for VAS scores was 5.10-8.68. This range was 1.53-4.57 in the other group with no effects on QoL. 30.3% of patients in the 'mild' category, 79.6% in the 'moderate' category and 97.4% in the 'severe' category felt that their QoL was affected. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS: We propose a statistically validated definition of the relationship between MMS classification and VAS scoring. Based on our study we would define 'mild' as being 0- 3 inclusive, 'moderate, as > 3- 7 inclusive and 'severe' as > 7- 10 inclusive on the VAS scoring system. We further propose that in general QoL is more likely to be affected with VAS scores of 5 or more. Professorial Unit, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Lim Mingyann M Lew-Gor Sim S Darby Yvonne Y Brookes Natalie N Scadding Glenis G Lund Valerie J VJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Questionnaires Rhinitis diagnosis Severity of Illness Index Sinusitis diagnosis 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708462 17708461 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Quantitative analysis of nasal vascularization in allergic patients treated with mometasone furoate. 140-3 The purpose of this study was to compare vascularization of the nasal mucous membrane among non-allergic, non-treated allergic and allergic patients treated with mometasone furoate, by means of the stereology method in quantitative analysis. Three groups of patients (GP), each containing 10 patients were examined. The first group (GP 1) had a negative inhalatory allergen test while the second (GP 2) and third (GP 3) group both had positive results with the same test. GP 3 included allergic patients treated with mometasone furoate for 15 days before analysis, when a small piece of the nasal mucous membrane was taken from the frontal pole of the lower nasal shell. The specimens were examined immunohistochemically for expression of CD31 and VEGF-C. Vascular phase was determined by using length density (L(v)). Differences in CD31 and VEGF-C expression were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests. CD31 expression in GP 1 had significantly lower values than in the GP 2 and GP 3 groups (p < 0.001). VEGF-C expression in GP 1 was significantly lower than in GP 2 (p = 0.007), but not in GP 3 (p = 0.292). We have shown that 15-day treatment with mometasone furoate results in a significant reduction of the density of vascular elements in allergic patients. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. Kujundzić Milodar M Cvjetković Niko N Batinac Tanja T Hadzisejdić Ita I Zamolo Gordana G Velepic Marko M Brumini Gordana G Brusić Sandro S eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Allergic Agents 0 Pregnadienediols 83919-23-7 mometasone furoate IM Adolescent Adult Anti-Allergic Agents therapeutic use Female Humans Hypersensitivity drug therapy pathology Male Middle Aged Neovascularization, Pathologic Nose blood supply Pregnadienediols therapeutic use 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708461 17708460 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Side-effects of injective allergen immunotherapy administered to intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis patients. 134-9 Evaluation of the side-effects of conventional subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in inhalant allergy. Retrospective analysis of early and late, local and systemic, short-term and long-term side-effects of 4723 injections given to 224 patients suffering from intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis. There were 65 systemic reactions in 48 patients (21%) after 61 injections (1.29%). Most of them were late, and included dyspnoea, rhinorrhoea, fever, fatigue and urticaria. Incidence of systemic reactions did not correlate to age or sex, but was higher in grass pollen than in house dust mite allergy and during the up-dosing phase of treatment. Late intense local reactions were observed after 1.6% of injections. Allergen immunotherapy in inhalant allergy is a safe method of treatment. Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Silesian University School of Medicine, Zabrze, Poland. b_rogala@pro.onet.pl Rogala B B Markiewicz-Bendkowska I B IB Brzoza Z Z Glück J J Oleś E E eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Adolescent Adult Allergens administration & dosage adverse effects Child Child, Preschool Desensitization, Immunologic adverse effects Female Humans Injections Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708460 17708459 2007 08 21 2007 12 06 2010 11 18

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology BDNF and DPP-IV in polyps and middle turbinates epithelial cells. 129-33 Neuropeptides released from sensory nerves may contribute to airway inflammation, particularly if their metabolism is impaired through defective inactivation and/or increased production. In the airways, neuropeptides are subjected to degradation by enzymes such as dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV), and are upregulated by neurotrophins such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We therefore assessed in primary human nasal epithelial cells the expression of DPP-IV and BDNF under basal and inflammatory conditions. Human epithelial cells were isolated from nasal polyps and middle turbinates, and grown on collagen-coated polycarbonate filters with an air liquid-interface. After three weeks of culture, constitutive cellular expression of DPP-IV and BDNF was assessed by measuring its activity and by ELISA, respectively. To mimick in vivo inflammatory conditions, cells were exposed apically and basolaterally to 50 ng/ml of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma for two days. DPP-IV activity and BDNF protein expression were measured in cell lysates and in the apical and basolateral media. Constitutive DPP-IV activity was similar in polyps and turbinates cells. In contrast, polyps epithelial cells expressed higher amounts of BDNF compared to turbinates derived cells. On the other hand, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma did not affect DPP-IV activity but significantly increased the cellular expression and the basolateral secretion of BDNF. Our data show for the first time that primary human airway epithelial cells produced DPP-IV and BDNF under basal conditions. Furthermore, the production and secretion of BDNF were markedly increased in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, confirming the involvement of BDNF in airway inflammation. Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Lan.H.Jornot@hcuge.ch Jornot L L Grouzmann E E Lacroix J S JS Rochat T T eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor EC 3.4.14.5 DPP4 protein, human EC 3.4.14.5 Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 IM Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor analysis biosynthesis Cells, Cultured Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 analysis biosynthesis Epithelial Cells chemistry metabolism Humans Nasal Cavity cytology Nasal Polyps chemistry metabolism Turbinates 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708459 17708458 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence of rhinitis among Brazilian schoolchildren: ISAAC phase 3 results. 122-8 The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) is a standardized method that allows international and regional comparisons of asthma and allergic diseases prevalence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of rhinitis and related symptoms among 6-7 year-old children (SC) and 13-14 year-old adolescents (AD) from 20 Brazilian cities applying the ISAAC's standardized written questionnaire (WQ). ISAAC's WQ was applied to 23,422 SC and 58,144 AD living in different regions of Brazil: North (N), Northeast (NE), Middle West (MW), Southeast (SE), and South (S). The prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis in the last year ranged from 10.3% to 17.4% and from 8.9% to 28.5% among SC and AD, respectively. Considering SC the highest values were observed in SE region. In NE, the prevalence in countryside centres was higher than those along the coast. Among AD, the highest values were observed in N and S regions, mainly in Pará (Belém). The evaluation of populations probably with the same genetic background has shown higher prevalence among those living in urban centres (capital) in comparison to those in the countryside. The prevalence of rhinitis and related symptoms were variable and predominate in Brazilian N and NE centres. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. dirceusole.dped@epm.br Solé Dirceu D Camelo-Nunes Inês Cristina IC Wandalsen Gustavo F GF Rosário Filho Nelson A NA Naspitz Charles K CK Brazilian ISAAC's Group eng Journal Article Multicenter Study

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Brazil epidemiology Child Humans Prevalence Questionnaires Rhinitis epidemiology 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708458 17708457 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Does rhinitis lead to asthma? 112-21 Rhinitis and asthma are commonly linked even if the precise pathological mechanisms explaining the relationship are not fully understood. Although there is increasing evidence that rhinitis may influence the development of asthma, there remain many gaps in our understanding of the processes involved. The complexity of this relationship is mainly due to the multiple interactions between genetic background, environmental factors and the specific host reaction. Epidemiological surveys have highlighted significant clinical associations and identified some factors that favour the progression from rhinitis to asthma. Basic research has demonstrated numerous similarities in inflammatory and immunological mechanisms. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Belgium. Van Cauwenberge Paul P Watelet Jean-Baptiste JB Van Zele Thibaut T Wang De-Yun DY Toskala Elina E Durham Stephen S Fokkens Wytske W Lau Susanne S Leynaert Benedicte B Wickman Magnus M Salapatas Marianella M Burney Peter P Mullol Joaquim J GA2LEN workpackages 3.2 and 3.3 eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Asthma drug therapy etiology Humans Rhinitis complications drug therapy 133 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708457 17708456 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Observations on the ability of the nose to warm and humidify inspired air. 102-11 The major function of the nose is to warm and humidify air before it reaches to the lungs for gas exchange. Conditioning of inspired air is achieved through evaporation of water from the epithelial surface. The continuous need to condition air leads to a hyperosmolar environment on the surface of the epithelium. As ventilation increases, the hyperosmolar surface moves more distally, covering a larger surface area of the airway, and stimulates epithelial cells to release mediators that lead to inflammation. This inflammation is not identical to allergic inflammation, but causes both short-term and long-term changes in the epithelium. In the short-term, it increases paracellular water transport in an attempt to enhance conditioning, and it stimulates sensory nerves to initiate neural reflexes. It also disrupts channels in the cellular membrane, which might permit greater penetration of foreign proteins, such as allergens, leading to further inflammatory cascades. The long-term inflammation induced over time by the hyperosmolar milieu could worsen the ability of the nose to condition air, requiring more of the conditioning to occur in the lower airway and leading to adverse consequences for the respiratory system. Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. rnacleri@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu Naclerio Robert M RM Pinto Jayant J Assanasen Paraya P Baroody Fuad M FM eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Air Humans Humidity Inhalation Nose physiology Temperature 46 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708456 17708455 2007 08 21 2007 12 06

0300-0729 45 2 2007 Jun Rhinology Rhinology EP3OS 2007: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists. 97-101 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands. w.j.fokkens@amc.nl Fokkens Wytske W Lund Valerie V Mullol Joaquim J European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps Group eng Journal Article Practice Guideline

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Polyps diagnosis therapy Rhinitis diagnosis therapy Sinusitis diagnosis therapy 2007 8 22 9 0 2007 12 7 9 0 2007 8 22 9 0 ppublish 17708455 18085030 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm mimicking sphenoid sinus tumor. 332-4 Massive epistaxis following blunt craniofacial trauma should alert clinicians to possible traumatic internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. This article describes a case of a 46-year-old female patient with traumatic ICA pseudoaneurysm presenting similar to a sphenoid sinus mass lesion. Massive bleeding occurred during the endoscopic procedure. Brain angiography revealed two lobulated ICA pseudoaneurysms over a cavernous segment. The patient successfully underwent endovascular stent assisted coil embolization. Timely diagnosis and treatment of the ICA psuedoaneurysm produced a favourable outcome. Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC. Tseng Yuan-Yun YY Yang Shun-Tai ST Yeh Yi-Shian YS Yang Tao-Chieh TC Wong Ho-Fai HF eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aneurysm, False diagnosis therapy Carotid Artery, Internal Embolization, Therapeutic Epistaxis etiology Female Humans Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis Skull Fractures surgery Sphenoid Sinus 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085030 18085029 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Porous polyethylene implants in revision rhinoplasty: chances and risks. 325-31 High density Polyethylene (PE) is a chemically pure, porous plastic implant material that can perform supportive functions. The material has good tissue biocompatibility and permits ingrowth of connective tissue with related vascularization. The material is being used more frequently in nasal surgery. In this study we describe possibilities and limitations in the use of PE in rhino-surgery. Thirty-two charts of patients with rhinoplasty and PE-implantation were reviewed. All patients were seen in our department again. A database was created which included the following parameters: date and exact area of implantation, shape and thickness of the implant, number of revisions, technique of prior rhinoplasties, complications and the patients' satisfaction. Seventy-five percent of patients were revision rhinoplasties at the time of surgery. Seven out of thirty two (21%) patients developed a complication. In four cases, the complication was managed with total explantation; three patient's condition required partial explantation. The shortest implantation period was only 24 days and the longest lasting implant within the complication group was explanted 266 days after implantation. All these patients had undergone multiple rhinoplasties before, with heavy scar tissue and septal perforations. The most frequent complication (n = 4) was a partially extruded implant without any signs of infection in the area of the anterior septum. Our descriptive study shows limitations in the use of PE for rhinoplasty. It seems crucial that the implant is completely covered with vital tissue, otherwise vascularization and healing is excluded. The implantation place should be vital and without any signs of infection. The covering tissue should not be too thin or scarred. An early infection of the open porous system prevents vascularization and healing and inevitably causes a rejection. The reason for the high complication rate (> 20%) in this study lies in the specifications of the selected patient group at hand. All implantations were performed in seriously damaged scar tissue after multiple revision rhinoplasties. Due to the results of our evaluation we can recommend the use of PE: 1. in a vital, healthy implant site; 2. with small material that can be embedded totally and without tension; 3. in primary rhinoplasty or with only little scar tissue. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. Klaus.stelter@med.uni-muenchen.de Stelter Klaus K Strieth Sebastian S Berghaus Alexander A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 9002-88-4 Polyethylene IM Humans Polyethylene Prostheses and Implants Reoperation Retrospective Studies Rhinoplasty Surgical Flaps 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085029 18085028 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of prilocaine and prilocaine plus meperidine infiltration on the pain during nasal packing removal. 321-4 Removing the nasal packing after nasal surgery is an uncomfortable and painful procedure. Since there is no controlled trial described in the literature about the local use of meperidine during packing removal, we aimed to compare the analgesic and sedative effects of the meperidine-prilocaine combination, injected into the packing 15 minutes before the procedure, with that of prilocaine during packing removal. Fifty adult patients, for whom nasal packing removal after nasal septoplasty was scheduled, were randomly allocated into one of two groups. In the prilocaine group (Group P, n = 25), 5 ml of 1% prilocaine in saline was injected into the pack 15 minutes before removal. In the prilocaine-meperidine group (Group MP, n = 25), 5 ml fluid combination containing prilocaine (10 mg/ml) and meperidine (1 mg/kg) was injected in nasal packs. Five ml saline was injected into the package in the contra-lateral nostril in both groups as control. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded during injections (t) and packing removal (t), and the Ramsay sedation score was evaluated. VAS score was not different from the control nostril in Group P (p > 0.05), where as it was significantly lower than the control nostril in Group MP (p < 0.05). Ramsay sedation scores were significantly higher in Group MP compared to the control nostril and actively treated nostril of Group P (p < 0.05). The injection of prilocaine plus meperidine into the nasal pack 15 minutes before nasal packing removal provides effective analgesia and mild sedation during the procedure. Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Bolu, Turkey. Karaaslan Kazim K Yilmaz Fahrettin F Gulcu Nebahat N Yigit Beyhan B Kocoglu Hasan H eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Analgesics, Opioid 0 Drug Combinations 0 Hemostatics 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 57-42-1 Meperidine 721-50-6 Prilocaine 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol IM Adolescent Adult Analgesics, Opioid administration & dosage Device Removal Drug Combinations Female Formaldehyde Hemostatics Humans Injections Male Meperidine administration & dosage Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Nose surgery Pain prevention & control Pain Measurement Polyvinyl Alcohol Prilocaine administration & dosage Rhinoplasty 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085028 18085027 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Frontal sinus osteomas: the window of endonasal endoscopic approach. 315-20 Management of symptomatic osteomas involving the frontal sinus is challenging. Traditional external approaches have been used in the surgical management of these lesions. Recently, endonasal endoscopic surgery has become a valid alternative to the traditional external approach in selected cases. Retrospective evaluation of the patients with symptomatic fronto-ethmoidal osteomas surgically managed in the last 10 years at a tertiary care facility. Twenty-six osteomas involving the frontal sinus were treated surgically. In 11 cases a purely endoscopic approach was performed while in 13 patients a combined procedure was used. In two patients, an exclusively external procedure was performed. No osteoma recurrence has been observed yet (mean follow up: 40 +/- 31.75 SD months). Endonasal endoscopic resection of a frontal sinus osteoma is feasible when the lesion is medial to a virtual plane through the lamina papyracea and is attached in the lower portion of the posterior wall of the frontal sinus. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. Bignami Maurizio M Dallan Iacopo I Terranova Paola P Battaglia Paolo P Miceli Stefano S Castelnuovo Paolo P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy Female Frontal Sinus Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoma pathology radiography surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology radiography surgery Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085027 18085026 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic surgery reveals that woodworkers' adenocarcinomas originate in the olfactory cleft. 308-14 The olfactory cleft is a narrow chamber located under the cribriform plate and between the turbinate wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth and the corresponding nasal septum. Nasal adenocarcinomas are mostly described as originating in the ethmoid sinus and operated via external approaches. We designed a prospective study on twenty consecutive woodworkers' adenocarcinomas without intracranial extension to determine the precise site of origin of the tumour. All patients were operated under endoscopic endonasal control according to a methodical surgical procedure as follows: 1) debulking of the tumour and identification of the middle turbinate or conchal lamina, 2) exenteration of the ethmoidal labyrinth according to the nasalisation procedure, and 3) exenteration of the olfactory cleft. Endoscopic endonasal surgery showed that woodworkers' adenocarcinomas constantly originated in the olfactory cleft, appearing as polyp-like neoplasms with well-defined bodies. Over a long period of time, they do not invade, but just displace and push out the surrounding structures, i.e. the nasal septum and the turbinate wall. More than the volume of the tumour, the precise location of the pedicle and especially its connection to the cribriform plate could be of major prognosis value. Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU de Nancy, 54035 Nancy Cedex, France. Jankowski R R Georgel T T Vignaud J M JM Hemmaoui B B Toussaint B B Graff P P Geoffrois L L Henrot P P Kaminsky M C MC eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenocarcinoma pathology surgery Aged Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Nasal Septum pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Occupational Diseases Prospective Studies Turbinates pathology Wood 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085026 18085025 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Incidence of CSF fistula after paranasal sinus surgery: the Northern Norwegian experience. 305-7 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula is a well-known complication of paranasal sinus surgery. Not only manifest, but also occult CSF fistulas occur. The incidence of occult CSF fistula has been described only once and has not been tested since. In a prospective diagnostic study, the incidence of manifest and occult CSF fistulas was measured. Forty four patients operated for paranasal sinus diseases were included between 2002 and 2006. Seventy four fluid samples were collected by pressing nasal tamponades the day after surgery, and were measured for beta-trace protein using laser-nephelometry. In patients with a beta-trace value in secretion between 0.68 and 1.11 mg/l, a serum sample was taken and measured for beta-trace protein. Thirty-one patients had a secretion beta-trace protein value below 0.68 mg/l. Thirteen patients had a secretion beta-trace protein value between 0.68 and 1.11 mg/l. The secretion/serum ratio in this group was below 1.57, not indicating the presence of CSF traces. The incidence of CSF fistula in this study population was zero. A previously described incidence of occult CSF fistula after paranasal sinus surgery was not confirmed in the present study. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rikshospitalet Medical Centre, Oslo, Norway. gregor.bachmann-harildstad@rikshospitalet.no Bachmann-Harildstad Gregor G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Lipocalins EC 5.3.- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases EC 5.3.99.2 prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase IM Adult Aged Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea epidemiology Female Humans Incidence Intramolecular Oxidoreductases analysis Lipocalins analysis Male Middle Aged Norway Paranasal Sinuses surgery Postoperative Complications epidemiology 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085025 18085024 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal manifestations of self-destructive behaviour. 299-304 Self-destructive behaviour is prevalent in a variety of different psychiatric disorders. Most common manifestations are self-inflicted cuts to the skin, especially the skin of the forearms. Manifestations of self-destructive behaviour involving the nasal area are rather rare. A series of cases is presented in which nasal diseases were initially misinterpreted, but could finally be identified as factitious disorders. Presented symptoms were foreign body insertions, hemodynamically relevant epistaxis and impetiginous inflammations of the paravestibular skin of the nose. Factitious disorders of the nose should be identified as such for the following reasons: avoiding unnecessary operations, adequate symptomatic rhinologic therapy and the initiation of psychiatric consultation. Dept of Otolaryngology, Klinikum Giessen und Marburg GmbH, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany. Rudolph S S Schu U U Herrmann-Lingen C C Werner J A JA Folz B J BJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2007 Dec;45(4):257-8 18085017 Adult Epistaxis etiology Factitious Disorders Female Foreign Bodies Humans Impetigo etiology Nasal Cavity Nose Diseases psychology Self Mutilation complications Self-Injurious Behavior complications 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085024 18085023 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Swine dust exposure is a model for rapid induction of non-allergic neutrophil inflammation in the nasal mucosa of healthy volunteers, and the symptoms as well as the microcirculation are modified by nasal lavage. 292-8 The pathophysiological mechanism of non-allergic rhinitis is not clear and there is a lack of models in healthy volunteers. It has previously been shown that swine dust exposure is an excellent method for inducing inflammatory changes in the lower airways. We have shown earlier that exposure to swine dust increases the histamine sensitivity of the nasal mucosa as measured by rhinostereometry. In this study the aim was to investigate the effects of swine dust exposure on nasal symptoms as well as the microcirculation. Furthermore, the effect on nasal lavage was investigated. Seventeen subjects were exposed to swine dust during a three-hour period of work in a swine house. Nasal symptoms and the nasal mucosal response to histamine before and after exposure to swine dust were evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry and nasal lavage. Exposure to swine dust increased nasal symptoms and levels of neutrophils, IL-8 and albumin. The increase in nasal symptoms and the microcirculation were modified by nasal lavage. CMBC correlated inversely with an increase in albumin (p = 0.018, R = -0.95). Conclusions: Swine dust exposure is a useful model for inducing nasal inflammation in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, nasal lavage modifies subjective as well as objective parameters, which should be considered when designing studies. Nasal lavage may be useful in the treatment of workers in a swine dust environment. Department of Clinic Sience, Intervention an Technology, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. anders.ehnhage@proxima.ptj.se Ehnhage Anders A Kölbeck Karl-Gustav KG Juto Jan-Erik JE Grudemo Hans H Stjärne Pär P eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Albumins 0 Dust 0 Interleukin-8 IM Albumins analysis Animals Disease Models, Animal Dust Humans Inhalation Exposure Interleukin-8 analysis Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Microcirculation Nasal Lavage Fluid Nasal Mucosa blood supply immunology Neutrophils chemistry Rhinitis physiopathology therapy Swine 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085023 18085022 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Association of allergy, asthma and IgE sensitisation to adenoidectomy and infections in children. 286-91 To find out whether previous adenoidectomy is associated with asthma, allergic symptoms or allergen-specific IgE antibodies. RECRUITMENT AND METHODS: We recruited 213 paediatric patients admitted for elective tonsillectomy and 155 paediatric controls. Using a structured questionnaire, we recorded their respiratory symptoms, allergies, bronchial asthma and environmental factors. Serum IgE antibodies against respiratory allergens were screened. Patients were divided into those previously adenoidectomised (n = 100) or not adenoidectomised (n = 113). Any allergy (p = 0.007) and non-antibiotic allergy diagnosed by a doctor (p = 0.015), and asthma (p = 0.015) were more common among adenoidectomised than non-adenoidectomised children under the age of seven. Between ages 7 and 11, neither any kind of allergy nor asthma were associated with earlier adenoidectomy. In the oldest age group (12 to 17), only antibiotic allergy was more common in adenoidectomised children. Recurrent otitis media (p < 0.001) and recurrent sinusitis (p = 0.007) were more common in adenoidectomised children. After controlling for recurrent respiratory infections, doctor-diagnosed allergy remained significantly associated with adenoidectomy in the youngest age group. Prevalence of specific IgE did not differ between the patient groups, or between school-aged patients and controls. Our results suggest that hypersensitivity disorders and infections may share aetiological factors. However, as adenoidectomised children of any age did not have higher levels of specific IgE, it seems possible that allergy is either clinically over-diagnosed or insufficiently detected by serology among young adenoidectomised children. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. jari.suvilehto@hus.fi Suvilehto Jari J Seppänen Mikko M Notkola Irma-Leena IL Antikainen Marjatta M Malmberg Henrik H Meri Seppo S Pitkäranta Anne A eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adenoidectomy Asthma immunology Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Hypersensitivity immunology Immunoglobulin E immunology Infant Logistic Models Male Otitis Media immunology Recurrence Sinusitis epidemiology 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085022 18085021 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Surface laser registration in ENT-surgery: accuracy in the paranasal sinuses--a cadaveric study. 281-5 Over the past decade, surgical navigation systems have found widespread use in ENT-surgery. Navigational accuracy highly depends on the registration process. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy in the paranasal sinuses and lateral skull base after surface laser registration using the navigation system VectorVisionCompact (BrainLab, Heimstetten, Germany). Repeated measurements were performed on two cadaver heads. Sixteen titanium screw fiducials per head were placed in facial bones, the paranasal sinuses and the lateral skull base, thereby serving as exactly identifiable measurement points. The respective influence on measurement accuracy depending on the localization and conformation of the registration area was evaluated by performing symmetrically bilateral as well as strictly unilateral registrations. The resulting overall accuracy for a symmetrically bilateral surface laser registration was 1.13 +/- 0.53 mm, ranging from 0.77 (sinus frontalis) to 1.76 (petrous bone) mm, and thus proved to be clinically sufficient. Increasing distance between target point and registration area went along with a decline in accuracy. Navigational accuracy was significantly influenced by the choice of the registration area. Best accuracy was detected after symmetrically bilateral registration. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. johannes_georg.ledderose@med.uni-muenchen.de Ledderose Georg J GJ Stelter Klaus K Leunig Andreas A Hagedorn Hjalmar H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cadaver Humans Lasers diagnostic use Paranasal Sinuses surgery Surgery, Computer-Assisted 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085021 18085020 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of smoking on the olfactory function. 273-80 Although smoking is a widely spread habit, its effect on olfaction has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the olfactory function, using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test. Sixty-five smokers were studied, with a median period of smoking of 10 years (range: 1-45 years) and a median number of 15 cigarettes smoked per day (range: 5-20). Forty-nine non-smokers were used as controls. Olfactory function was evaluated using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test, which consists of odour threshold (OT), odour discrimination (OD) and odour identification (OI) and its overall results may be presented as a composite threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. All OT, OD, OI and TDI scores were statistically significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers, even when controlled for gender and age. Low OT, OD, OI and TDI scores were more prevalent among smokers than non-smokers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for gender and age, revealed that smoking remained a strong independent risk factor for low OT, OD, OI and TDI scores. Among smokers, statistically significant negative relationships were found between pack-years and OT, OD, OI and TDI, controlling for age. In conclusion, smoking was found to be adversely associated with the olfactory ability in a dose-related manner. Smokers were found to be nearly six times as likely to evidence an olfactory deficit as non smokers, depending on the duration and the amount of cigarettes smoked. Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece. Katotomichelakis Michael M Balatsouras Dimitrios D Tripsianis Gregory G Davris Spiros S Maroudias Nikolaos N Danielides Vassilios V Simopoulos Constantinos C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2007 Dec;45(4):257-8 18085017 Adolescent Adult Aged Comorbidity Female Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders epidemiology Sensory Thresholds Smell Smoking adverse effects epidemiology 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085020 18085019 2007 12 18 2008 02 04 2011 04 11

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Impact of gender, age, and comorbidities on quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. 268-72 To evaluate the impact of gender, age and comorbidities of health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) assessments in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The prospective administration of the German Adapted Version of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20 GAV) to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Two hundred and two patients with chronic rhinosinusitis filled out the questionnaire before functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and again at the 3-month follow-up. Gender had a significant impact on the Overall Score (OS) and on the General Quality of Life Score (GQOL) of the SNOT-20 GAV but no influence on the disease-specific scores of 'Primary Nasal Symptoms' (PNS) and 'Secondary Rhinogenous Symptoms' (SRS). Age did not influence HR-QOL. Patients with comorbidities demonstrated lower HR-QOL scores. Women had significantly poorer QOL scores than men. It seems that the influence of gender reflects general HR-QOL views rather than illness-related expectations. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany. ingo.baumann@med.uni-heidelberg.de Baumann Ingo I Blumenstock Gunnar G Zalaman Ilse M IM Praetorius Mark M Klingmann Christoph C Sittel Christian C Plinkert Peter K PK Piccirillo Jay F JF eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(1):103 Age Factors Chronic Disease Comorbidity Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology Female Humans Lung Diseases epidemiology Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Rhinitis epidemiology Sex Factors Sinusitis epidemiology 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085019 18085018 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Macrolide therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis. 259-67 There is growing evidence that several antibiotics exert their beneficial effect not only by inhibiting or killing bacterial pathogens but also by down-regulating pro-inflammatory mechanisms. This review aims to give an overview of the immunomodulatory properties of macrolide antibiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis and to present a treatment algorithm for managing the difficult CRS patient with long-term, low-dose macrolide antibiotics. The most prominent effect of macrolides noted in vitro is the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8. This effect is probably secondary to inhibition of the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. As a result an attenuation of neutrophilic inflammation takes place. Moreover, macrolides inhibit bacterial virulence and biofilm formation. In vivo, a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines is evident in nasal lavage as well as a reduction in nasal secretions. The clinical effect is shown in less facial pain, less headache, less post nasal drip, fewer exacerbations of sinusitis and improved quality of life. The treatment should be targeted towards the non-atopic patients with bilateral disease whereas in unilateral disease, surgery is the first option. Macrolide resistant bacterial strains have to be monitored, but to date they have not been of clinical importance. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University, Sweden. anders.cervin@med.lu.se Cervin Anders A Wallwork Ben B eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Macrolides 114-07-8 Erythromycin 80214-83-1 Roxithromycin 81103-11-9 Clarithromycin IM Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology therapeutic use Biofilms Chemotaxis, Leukocyte Chronic Disease Clarithromycin therapeutic use Erythromycin therapeutic use Humans Macrolides pharmacology therapeutic use Rhinitis drug therapy Roxithromycin therapeutic use Sinusitis drug therapy physiopathology 59 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085018 18085017 2007 12 18 2008 02 04

0300-0729 45 4 2007 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Smoking, self-destructive behaviour? 257-8 Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Comment Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2007 Dec;45(4):299-304 18085024 Rhinology. 2007 Dec;45(4):273-80 18085020 Humans Olfaction Disorders epidemiology Self-Injurious Behavior Smoking epidemiology psychology 2007 12 19 9 0 2008 2 5 9 0 2007 12 19 9 0 ppublish 18085017 17020071 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The management of acute visual loss after sinus surgery--two cases of rhinogenic optic neuropathy. 216-8 Different causative mechanisms of ophthalmic complications during endonasal sinus surgery have been reported. Only a few cases of blindness caused by affections of the optic nerve due to inflammatory paranasal sinus disease have been described. Inflammatory optic neuropathy shall be considered among the causative factors for amaurosis after sinus surgery. We present two patients with dramatic visual decrease occurring two weeks after sinus surgery as a result of inflammatory posterior paranasal sinus disease. Our therapy including surgical intervention in form of orbital or optic nerve decompression accompanied by systemic steroids and antibiotic therapy resulted in a significant increase of visual acuity in one case and a complete restoration of vision in the other case. In these two cases surgical intervention in the described fashion along with systemic steroids and antibiotic therapy represented a successful therapeutical approach. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hanuschkrankenhaus, Vienna, Austria. dietlind.haller@gmx.at Haller Dietlind D Gosepath Jan J Mann Wolf J WJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adult Blindness etiology therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Optic Neuritis etiology therapy Paranasal Sinuses surgery Postoperative Complications 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020071 17020070 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression in sinonasal inverted papilloma. 211-5 Inverted papilloma (IP) is a proliferative lesion of the epithelium lining the sinonasal tract, characterized by marked propensity for recurrence and association with carcinoma. To determine a putative role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in the establishment of IP, their expression was studied in IP. Archived surgical specimens from 15 IPs were studied using immunohistochemistry and compared to 12 nasal polyps (NP), a model of chronic respiratory mucosal inflammation, and to 6 control nasal mucosa (CM) samples obtained from snorers during turbinectomy. Within IP, MMP-2 and -9 expression was compared between tumoral areas with hyperplastic epithelium and non tumoral areas with nonhyperplastic epithelium. In IP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 epithelial expression was not different compared to CM and NP. MMP-9 expression in submucosal inflammatory cells was not different between IP and CM or NP. However, within IP, a significantly increased number of MMP-9 positive inflammatory cells in the lamina propria adjacent to the hyperplastic epithelium was observed compared to the lamina propria adjacent to nonhyperplastic epithelium. Our findings suggest that MMP 9 expressing inflammatory cells may be involved in the pathophysiology of IP. Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hopital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Créteil, France. jean-francois.papon@hmn.aphp.fr Papon J F JF Lechapt-Zalcman E E Abina M M Abd-al-Sama I I Peynègre R R Escudier E E Coste A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 3.4.24.24 Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 EC 3.4.24.35 Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 IM Case-Control Studies Female Humans Male Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 metabolism Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism Nasal Mucosa metabolism pathology Nasal Polyps metabolism pathology Nose Neoplasms metabolism pathology Papilloma, Inverted metabolism pathology 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020070 17020069 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Inverted papilloma: feasibility of endonasal surgery and long-term results of 87 cases. 205-10 The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the potentials and limitations of endonasal micro-endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) and to demonstrate long-term results. Eighty-seven patients underwent resection of an IP either via an endonasal, an osteoplastic maxillary or frontal sinus or a combined approach. Charts were reviewed for presenting symptoms, tumour stage according to the Krouse classification, surgical management and follow-up status. Most tumours were staged as T2 or T3 (42.5% each). Sixty-eight (78.2%) patients were referred for primary surgery. Nineteen (21.8%) patients presented with recurrent disease. The majority of IP (70%) were removed via an endonasal micro-endoscopic procedure. In 20 (23%) patients a combined approach was performed. The overall recurrence rate was 10.3%. Referring to endonasal surgery the incidence of recurrent IP was 10% in contrast to 15% after a combined procedure. Our data show that endonasal micro-endoscopic surgery offers an effective and safe treatment modality of IP with insignificant morbidity. Strict application of selection criteria, wide removal of the tumour origin along the subperiosteal plane as well as drilling the underlying bone and close follow-up of patients are mandatory for success. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck and Facial Plastic Surgery, Klinikum Fulda gAG, Teaching Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Fulda, Germany. Minovi Amir A Kollert Malte M Draf Wolfgang W Bockmühl Ulrike U eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy methods Feasibility Studies Follow-Up Studies Humans Microsurgery Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Papilloma, Inverted pathology surgery Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020069 17020068 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Influence of ethnicity on the frequency of nasal surgery. 201-4 To determine whether surgery for nasal obstruction differs in frequency between ethnic groups. Ethnicity data was collected from all patients attending otolaryngology clinic appointments and compared to census data. Odds ratios with confidence intervals were calculated for attendance at otolaryngology clinics, rhinology clinics, undergoing septoplasty, septorhinoplasty and/ or turbinate surgery for each ethnic group over a 3-year period. The ethnic groups of the 39493 outpatient attendees closely mirrored demographic data from the 2001 Census. Non-Chinese Asian ethnic groups were more likely to undergo septal surgery than the general (mainly white) population (odds ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.66, p < 0.00001), whereas Black groups (odds ratio 0.31 [0.23 - 0.41], p < 0.00001) and Chinese (odds ratio 0.28 [0.11 - 0.70], p = 0.00311) were much less likely. Similar results were found for rhinoplasty and turbinate surgery. There is strong statistical evidence for large differences in the frequency of surgery for nasal obstruction between ethnic groups. Asian groups were more likely to undergo surgery, whereas Chinese and Blacks were less likely than the general population, which was predominantly white in this study. This may be due to anatomical variations, differences cultural views towards surgery, or inequalities in clinician's attitudes. Royal National Throat Nose & Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. edwardchisholm@doctors.org.uk Chisholm E J EJ Hajioff D D Kotecha B B eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Ambulatory Care utilization Ethnic Groups statistics & numerical data Great Britain epidemiology Humans Nasal Obstruction ethnology surgery Nose surgery Odds Ratio Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures utilization Retrospective Studies 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020068 17020067 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effects of ventilated and non-ventilated nasal packs on Eustachian tube function: nine-step inflation-deflation test results. 197-200 The effects of different types of nasal packs on Eustachian tube function have been a source of debate. Past study results have been based on single tympanometric evaluations. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use the nine-step inflation-deflation test for evaluation of Eustachian tube function in patients undergoing nasal packing. No significant difference was observed between ventilated or glove-finger nasal packs, in terms of preserving Eustachian tube function in our patient population. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Ankara, Turkey. karahats@musc.edu Karahatay Serdar S Birkent Hakan H Demir Deniz D Ceyhan Aykut A Satar Bulent B eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustic Impedance Tests Adult Bandages Equipment Design Eustachian Tube physiopathology Female Follow-Up Studies Hemostasis, Surgical instrumentation Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Pressure Prospective Studies 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020067 17020066 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on antral mucociliary clearance. 193-6 Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the most used surgical approach in the treatment of chronic and recurrent maxillary rhinosinusitis. However, it still remains unclear how well surgery restores the mucociliary function in damaged maxillary sinus mucosa. There is also controversy whether to enlargen the natural ostium or not. We examined the mucociliary clearance (MCC) of maxillary sinuses in 27 patients with chronic and recurrent rhinosinusitis. On one side only an uncinectomy was done, on the contralateral side a middle meatal antrostomy was additionally performed. The mucociliary clearance (MCC) was measured in both sides preoperatively and 9 months after the operation. Measurements of the mucociliary clearance in maxillary sinuses were done using an isotope method. Preoperative mean residual activity on the uncinectomy side was 87.2 % and postoperative mean residual activity 94.1 %. On the middle meatal antrostomy side mean preoperative residual activity was 92.3 % and postoperative mean residual activity 88.4 %. Residual activity was considered as good (< or = 50 %) on the uncinectomy side in 2 sinuses (7.4 %) preoperatively and in 1 sinus (3.7 %) postoperatively. On the middle meatal antrostomy side residual activity was considered good in 1 sinus (3.7 %) preoperatively and in 4 sinuses (14.8 %) postoperatively. Mucociliary function remained poor even 9 months postoperatively. Surgery did not significantly improve the mucociliary function of maxillary sinus mucosa in chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis. There was no statistical difference between operative techniques. In this study it seemed however, that uncinectomy combined with the enlargening of the natural ostium may restore maxillary sinus mucociliary clearance (MCC) better than uncinectomy alone. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Päijät-Häme Hospital District, Lahti, Finland. Myller J J Toppila-Salmi S S Torkkeli T T Heikkinen J J Rautiainen M M eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Chronic Disease Endoscopy methods Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis complications physiopathology surgery Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance physiology Recurrence Rhinitis complications physiopathology surgery Treatment Outcome 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020066 17020065 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The influence of air current on goblet cell density in the mucosa of the normal uncinate process in the nasal cavity. 188-92 To determine the density of goblet cells in the mucosa at the medial site of the uncinate process in the nasal cavity where the air current is high and compare with the goblet cell density on the protected lateral site of the uncinate process, thus establishing the function of the uncinate process in protecting the integrity of epithelium, in the meatus medius, from the distress caused by continuous airflow. Determining this function could have clinical implications, as patients routinely undergo removal of the uncinate process during endoscopic sinus surgery. The material comprised pieces of mucosa of 11 uncinate processes from the nasal cavity of 11 autopsies. The material was stained with PAS-Alcian blue after which the goblet cells were counted using a whole-mount method. Counting was done by only 1 of the authors and was not blinded. The density of goblet cells was significantly higher on the lateral site than on the medial site of the uncinate process. Furthermore, goblet cell density was found to be higher on the superior part of the uncinate process, than on the inferior part. The results seem to indicate that air current has consequential impact on the normal differentiation patterns of the epithelium in the nose. The significantly higher goblet cell density on the unexposed lateral site of the uncinate process suggests that at this site the sinus outlets are protected from air current trauma. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hillerød County Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. hbredahl@dadlnet.dk Sorensen Henrik Bredahl HB Larsen Per Leganger PL Tos Mirko M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Airway Resistance physiology Cadaver Cell Count Female Goblet Cells physiology Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa cytology Reference Values Respiration 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020065 17020064 2006 10 05 2006 12 07

0300-0729 44 3 2006 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The nose: gatekeeper and trigger of bronchial disease. 179-87 The nose is strategically placed at the entrance of the airway. Nose breathing takes place under physiologic circumstances and protects the lower airways from exposure to unconditioned air and exogenous particles. Alternatively, nasal disease may have a negative impact on lower airway biology, being involved in aggravation of bronchial disease. The interaction between upper and lower airway disease has been recognized for centuries. Due to the increase in prevalence of allergic diseases during the last decades, new interest has been gained in understanding the mechanisms underlying the interaction between rhinitis and asthma. Nowadays, allergic rhinitis and asthma are considered part of a global airway disease, with both diagnostic and therapeutic consequences for every day clinical practice. Besides allergy, other inflammatory conditions of the upper airways are associated with lower airway disease via unknown mechanisms. Viral rhinitis often coincides with exacerbations of bronchial disease, chronic sinus disease with or without nasal polyps frequently relates to bronchial dysfunction and occupational rhinitis and asthma are often present in the same individuals. In spite of the clinical relevance of considering the airway as one organ with major involvement of disease in upper, lower or both parts, many clues to understand the pathology still remain to be explored. This manuscript aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the interaction between nasal disease and lower airway biology and stresses the importance of further research on this important matter. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. Hens G G Hellings P W PW eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bronchi physiopathology Bronchial Diseases etiology physiopathology therapy Humans Nose physiopathology Rhinitis etiology physiopathology therapy Sinusitis etiology physiopathology therapy 105 2006 10 6 9 0 2006 12 9 9 0 2006 10 6 9 0 ppublish 17020064 16550958 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2010 11 18

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Non-invasive treatment of intractable posterior epistaxis with hot-water irrigation. 90-3 Posterior nose bleeding is a frequent and challenging emergency. The authors report their experience using hot water irrigation as a non-invasive treatment option for posterior epistaxis. Between January 2003 and January 2005 a group of 103 patients were enrolled in this prospective study evaluating the effectiveness of a "hot water irrigation" technique to control acute posterior nose bleeding. All patients with posterior epistaxis were included, whereas anterior epistaxis was controlled using conventional methods. The patient's nose was initially anaesthetized with topical Tetracain 4% (without vasoconstriction) and a modified epistaxis-balloon-catheter was introduced into the bleeding nasal cavity obstructing the choana. The bleeding nasal cavity was continuously irrigated using 500 ml of 50 degrees C hot water. In a total of 84 patients (82%) the bleeding was successfully and permanently stopped. Forty-seven of these patients (56%) regularly took antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. The method failed in 19 of 103 patients (18%). In the group with unsuccessful irrigation, 11 patients (58%) were receiving treatment with antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. Their proportion was not different from the successfully treated group. The success rate of hot water irrigation as non-invasive treatment of posterior epistaxis appears at least as effective as conventional methods. However it avoids painful packing, hospitalizations, or immediate surgery, and allows the patient to breath normally through his open nasal cavities. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland. christoph.schlegel@ksl.ch Schlegel-Wagner Christoph C Siekmann Ulrich U Linder Thomas T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7732-18-5 Water IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Balloon Dilation Epistaxis therapy Female Hemostatic Techniques Hot Temperature Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Therapeutic Irrigation methods Water 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550958 16550957 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Barcelona Smell Test - 24 (BAST-24): validation and smell characteristics in the healthy Spanish population. 83-9 Smell tests for clinical use have been developed in different countries, but no single test has gained general acceptance. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the smell outcomes in a Spanish population. A prospective study on healthy volunteers (n = 120) without olfactory disturbances was performed. The volunteers were differentiated by gender, age, and smoking habit groups. We used a new olfactory test, the Barcelona Smell Test 24 (BAST-24) that consists of 24 odours scoring smell detection, identification, and forced choice. Volunteers showed the highest scores on smell detection for both 1st (99%) and 5th cranial nerve (98%) odours. Spontaneous smell identification (54.7% and 59.3%) and forced choice (72.2% and 42.6%) scores were lower than those of smell detection, for both 1st and 5th cranial nerves respectively. On smell identification, volunteers scored higher in the left than in the right nostril. Females had better smell identification for both 1st and 5th cranial nerves (62.8%, 66.7%) than males (50.3%, 58.8%). Non-smokers had higher scores (65%) than smokers (59%) on smell identification for the 5th CN. For smell identification, females, non-smokers, and left nostril had higher scores than males, smokers, and right nostril respectively. BAST-24 is a good and reliable method to test the olfactory function in the clinical practice. Unitat de Rinologia, Servei d'Otorinolaringologia (ICEMEQ), Barcelona, Spain. Cardesín Alda A Alobid Isam I Benítez Pedro P Sierra Erika E de Haro Josep J Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel M Picado Cesar C Mullol Joaquim J eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Olfactory Nerve physiology Reference Values Smell physiology Smoking physiopathology Spain Trigeminal Nerve physiology 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550957 16550956 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Epidemiological aspects of olfactory dysfunction. 78-82 This study aimed at assessing the most common aetiological factors causing total or partial olfactory deficit and the statistical analysis of some clinical aspects. 243 patients reporting alfactory dysfunction were enrolled in this A case history was drawn up for each patient, and all of them underwent otolaryngology objective examination, including nasal endoscopy, paranasal sinuses CT-scan, and Utrecht method (GITU) based smell indentification test. Upper respiratory viral infections (40.2%), ceanial-facial traumas (39.3%), and rhinosinusal pathologies (6.3%) were the main aetiopathological factors indentified. A relevant number of case were recorded with unknown aetiology (14.2%). In 2 cases, olfactory dysfunction was due to neurological diseases, in 1 case it was due to intoxication and, in another case, it was congenital. The correlation between aetiology, gender, age, symptoms duration and deficit severity was studied. many different aetiological factors caused the loss or weakening of the sense of smell. They mainly affected olfactory neurosensorial structures and odorant conduction. However, there were many cases of unknown aetiology. Women, over 40 in particular, were the most affected. Anosmia and severe hyposmia were mainly correlated with traumas and viral pathologies. Department of Otolaryngology "G. Ferreri", University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. and.cio@inwind.it Ciofalo Andrea A Filiaci Franco F Romeo Raffaello R Zambetti Giampietro G Vestri Anna Rita AR eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders diagnosis epidemiology etiology 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550956 16550955 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Increased net water loss by oral compared to nasal expiration in healthy subjects. 74-7 To compare the difference in respiratory water loss during expiration through the nose and through the mouth, in healthy subjects. The study included 19 healthy, non-smoking volunteers without any present history of non-infectious rhinitis, presenting with symptoms of rhinitis, asthma or previous nasal surgery. Nasal and oral expiratory breath condensates were collected using a breath condenser during tidal respiration at indoor resting conditions. During the nasal breath condensate sampling, the subjects were breathing into a transparent face mask covering the nose and the mouth with the mouth closed. During the oral breath condensate sampling, the subjects inhaled through the nose and exhaled through a mouthpiece connected to the condenser. The airflow during the sampling was assessed with a dry-spirometer connected to the condenser. Sampling was stopped after 100 litres of expired air for each breathing mode. Nasal sampling was done before and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa with oxymetazoline, 0.5 mg/ml. The effect on the nasal mucosa was assessed with acoustic rhinometry. The mean loss of expired water was 42% less by nasal expiration before decongestion than by oral expiration (1.9 x 10(-3) g/L min compared to 2.7 x 10(-3) g/L min, p < 0.001). The mean expiratory minute ventilation was 9.0 L/min by nasal respiration and 9.8 L/min by oral respiration. Decongestion of the nasal mucosa showed a mean increase of the cross-sectional area at 4 cm from the nostril (1.44 to 1.67 cm2, p = 0.0024), but there was no effect on the net water loss (1.9 x 10(-3) g/Lmin vs 1.9 x 10(-3) g/Lmin). This study showed that the net water loss increased by 42% when the breathing mode was switched from nasal to oral expiration during tidal breathing in healthy subjects. Increased water and energy loss by oral breathing could be a contributing factor to the symptoms seen in patients suffering from nasal obstruction. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Svensson Sophie S Olin Anna Carin AC Hellgren Johan J eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Breath Tests Exhalation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mouth Breathing Nasal Cavity physiology Respiration Rhinometry, Acoustic Water Loss, Insensible 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550955 16550954 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Hyperresponsiveness of congestive nasal reflexes in allergic rhinitis. 68-73 Nasal secretory hyperresponsiveness is well documented in allergic rhinitis, and is mediated in part by neural mechanisms. In contrast, reflex-mediated congestion is poorly documented in both normal and allergic subjects. To characterize congestive responses to unilateral nasal bradykinin challenge in normal and allergic subjects, and to investigate whether congestive hyperresponsiveness is present in allergic rhinitis. Normal subjects (n = 13), and subjects with out-of-season seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) (n = 16) underwent a unilateral nasal challenge protocol using filter paper disks, using Hartman's solution and bradykinin as challenge substances. Congestive responses were measured using acoustic rhinometry. Normal subjects demonstrated a transient ipsilateral congestive response, and a circumscribed contralateral congestive response away from the major flow limiting section. Subjects with SAR demonstrated a more persistent ipsilateral congestive response, and a more pronounced, generalized contralateral congestive response affecting all areas of the contralateral nasal cavity. Significant differences were present between normal and SAR subjects. Congestive reflexes are present in normal and allergic subjects. Congestive hyperresponsiveness is present in allergic rhinitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Sheahan Patrick P Walsh Rory McConn RM Walsh Michael A MA Costello Richard W RW eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Hartman's solution 0 Irritants 0 Vasodilator Agents 58-82-2 Bradykinin 89-83-8 Thymol IM Adult Bradykinin diagnostic use Female Humans Irritants diagnostic use Male Nasal Mucosa blood supply physiopathology secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Reflex, Abnormal Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal physiopathology Rhinometry, Acoustic Thymol diagnostic use Vasodilator Agents diagnostic use 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550954 16550953 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Surgery for paranasal sinus mucocoeles: efficacy of endonasal micro-endoscopic management and long-term results of 185 patients. 62-7 This study evaluates the most extensive long-term treatment outcome of paranasal sinus mucocoeles with particular emphasis on the efficacy of endonasal micro-endoscopic management. It is a retrospective, consecutive case review of 255 patients with 290 mucocoeles including 125 frontal sinus, 23 frontoethmoid, 41 ethmoid, 72 maxillary sinus and 26 sphenoid mucocoeles. The median follow-up of the patients is 12 years (range 1 - 19 years). Sixtysix percent of the mucocoeles resulted after previous sinus surgery, whereas only 1.5% developed after endonasal micro-endoscopic surgery. The median period until mucocoele appearence was 10.8 years. Two hundred one mucocoeles (69.3%) were managed endonasally micro-endoscopically, 18.6% via the osteoplastic approach, 10% endoscopically in combination with an osteoplastic procedure, and 2% according to Lynch/Howarth. Thereafter, recurrence was found in 4 patients only (2.2%). In relation to the endonasal approach the recurrence rate was 1.6%. None of the patients treated endonasally had any complication. In view of these results this paper verifies endonasal micro-endoscopic surgery as a reliable treatment with favourable long-term outcome for paranasal sinus mucocoele management, but also describes contraindications for an endonasal procedure. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck and Facial Plastic Surgery, Klinikum Fulda gAG, Teaching Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Germany. u.bockmuehl.hno@klinikum.fulda.de Bockmühl Ulrike U Kratzsch Barabara B Benda Karin K Draf Wolfgang W eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Microsurgery Middle Aged Mucocele pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases pathology surgery 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550953 16550952 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of calcium alginate nasal packing (Algostéril) versus Polyvinyl acetal (Merocel) for nasal packing after inferior turbinate resection. 58-61 Nasal packing is commonly used to control postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing endonasal surgical procedures. Bleeding and pain on packing removal are frequently reported. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Algosteril to control post-operative nasal bleeding. The secondary objective was to assess nasal bleeding and pain on packing removal, and to evaluate the endoscopic appearance of nasal mucosa 9 days after the procedure. This open, multicenter, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 50 patients undergoing partial bilateral inferior turbinectomy, packed with Algosteril on one side versus Polyvinyl acetal tampon (Merocel) on the other side following a left/right randomization. Both nasal packs effectively prevented post-operative bleeding. However, bleeding on packing removal was statistically less frequent and less severe with Algosteril than with Polyvinyl acetal (p = 0.016). In addition, pain was statistically lower with Algosteril than with Polyvinyl acetal (p = 0.0001). A trend to a better healing of the wound on day 9 was observed with Algosteril, leading us to further investigations. Algosteril nasal packing is as effective as Polyvinyl acetal in preventing postoperative bleeding following partial inferior turbinate resection. Its removal, however, is less traumatic for the nasal mucosa and less painful for the patient, therefore improving patient's comfort. Laboratoires Brothier, Nanterre, France. Chevillard Christine C Rugina Michel M Bonfils Pierre P Bougara Ali A Castillo Laurent L Crampette Louis L Pandraud Luc L Samardzic Marina M Peynègre Roger R eng Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Alginates 0 Hemostatics 0 Hexuronic Acids 0 Polyvinyls 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 576-37-4 Glucuronic Acid 63148-63-0 polyvinyl acetal 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol 9005-32-7 alginic acid IM Adult Alginates administration & dosage Device Removal Female Formaldehyde administration & dosage Glucuronic Acid administration & dosage Hemostatics administration & dosage Hexuronic Acids administration & dosage Humans Male Nasal Mucosa pathology Pain Measurement Pain, Postoperative Polyvinyl Alcohol administration & dosage Polyvinyls administration & dosage Postoperative Hemorrhage therapy Tampons, Surgical Turbinates surgery 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550952 16550951 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology An overview of numerical modelling of nasal airflow. 53-7 Computer modelling of fluid flows is a mature technology used widely in engineering. The process, known as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), allows accurate prediction of fluid flow and associated phenomena based on the mathematical laws governing fluid behaviour. A fluid may be defined as any substance that can flow and thus both liquids and gases behave as fluids. The mathematical predictions of CFD can therefore be applied to nasal airflow. In current clinical practice, it is only possible to perform a few limited measurements of nasal airflow, and the clinical relevance of these measurements is questionable. Computer models are not limited by the anatomical inaccessibility of the nasal cavities, and a detailed objective characterisation of airflow can therefore be provided in all areas of an individual nose. In addition, the ability to remodel computer simulations offers a potential predictive tool for planning nasal surgery. This article provides an overview of the basic concepts of computational fluid dynamics, and a summary of the current capabilities of this technology in the characterisation of nasal airflow. The objective is to give otorhinolaryngologists a basic understanding of the computer modelling of nasal airflow, and the background information with which to evaluate CFD-based rhinology literature. Department of ENT Surgery, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Ireland. Bailie Neil N Hanna Brendan B Watterson John J Gallagher Geraldine G eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid Computer Simulation Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Models, Biological Nasal Cavity physiology Pulmonary Ventilation 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550951 16550950 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Sinonasal schwannoma--a clinicopathological analysis of five rare cases. 46-52 Schwannoma of the nasal cavity or the sinuses is a rare condition. We report a small series of five consecutive patients; three males and two females, age range 22-81 years, all Caucasian. Symptoms were typically non-specific, and the tumours were often quite large when diagnosed, being locally infiltrating and even destructive. Histologically, the tumours were remarkable by sparse occurrence of Antoni type B areas and lack of encapsulation. Four cases were benign; however, one case of melanotic schwannoma, exhibited malignant transformation. Two of the patients had intracranial involvement, but with an intact dura. All tumours were treated surgically; only the malignant case received adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients were followed from five months to 15 years, with a median of 57 months. The benign cases have so far shown good prognosis without recurrences; however, in the case of the melanotic schwannoma a fatal malignant transformation was seen 13 years after initial diagnosis. On the basis of our review early detection and complete surgical removal is recommended. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. meymorch@privat.dk Mey K H KH Buchwald C C Daugaard S S Prause J U JU eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neurilemmoma pathology surgery Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology surgery 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550950 16550949 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: a revised staging system. 39-45 To discuss the shortcomings of current staging systems and to suggest modifications according to new surgical methods and data. A retrospective chart review. The medical records of 36 patients, all of whom underwent resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma by external or endonasal approach between 1983 and 2002, were reviewed retrospectively. Follow-up period of patients ranged from 3 to 7 years (mean, 4.5 years). Tumour extent, sites and rate of persistent disease were analyzed and compared with the literature. Persistent or recurrent disease was found in 12 of the 36 patients (33%). The primary tumour of these 12 cases invaded one or more anatomic region beside nasopharynx: the base of the pterygoid process in 9 cases (75%), the infratemporal fossa in 4 (33%), the pterygomaxillar fossa in 4 (33%), and the sphenoid sinus in 2 cases (17%). Involvement of the pterygoid process base was observed in only 3 of the 24 patients without persistent disease, whereas it was found 10 out of 12 patients with persistent disease. Advances in radiographic imaging, embolization, and surgical methods of treating angiofibromas have changed the sites associated with a high risk for persistent disease or morbidity. These changes have made it necessary for the authors to devise more appropriate classifications and, subsequently, several new staging systems were gradually introduced. Recent technological advances, particularly angled endoscopes, have resulted in improved exposure. In the light of all these recent advances, data from our series, and the literature, we suggested a new classification for determining the risk of persistent disease, choosing the appropriate surgical method, and for maintaining uniformity. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. metin@tr.net Onerci Metin M Oğretmenoğlu Oğuz O Yücel Taşkin T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Angiofibroma Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Neoplasm Staging Neoplasm, Residual Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550949 16550948 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The midfacial degloving approach to sinonasal tumours in children. 36-8 The midfacial degloving approach was originally described by Denker and Kahler in 1926 but has been little used in the paediatric population. The procedure allows access to benign and malignant lesions of the sinonasal region with the avoidance of an external scar. The advantages and application of this technique are presented in 9 paediatric patients, ranging from 3 months to 15 years of age with a mean follow-up of 7 months. Eight children had benign pathology. There were two juvenile angiofibromas, two nasal gliomas, one ossifying fibroma, one fibroma, one fibrous dysplasia and one benign myofibroblastic proliferation. One child had malignant disease in the form of recurrent embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. All had excellent cosmetic results and no complications were encountered during follow-up. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom. nnekaeze@yahoo.co.uk Eze N N NN Wyatt M E ME Bray D D Bailey C M CM Hartley B E J BE eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Face surgery Female Humans Infant Male Nose Neoplasms surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550948 16550947 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Peak nasal inspiratory flow; normal range in adult population. 32-5 Measurement of Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) seems to be a cheap, simple, easily performed method to assess nasal patency. The purpose of this study is to establish normative PNIF data for a healthy adult population and provide charts relating PNIF normal values with age, height and sex in adults. Repeated measurements of PNIF were performed in 170 volunteers. In total, 137 of these fulfilled the study criteria (66 females and 50 males) and all of them were non-smokers, non-asthmatic, without nose and paranasal sinuses problems, with ages ranging from 16 to 84 years. Data were statistically analysed and tables were produced relating PNIF to age, sex and height. There was no interaction of sex with age or height. There was considerable residual variability of PNIF between individuals not explained by any of the variables studied. We conclude that PNIF could be a useful method to study nasal patency in both primary and secondary care to aid diagnosis of nasal disease. The study provides normative data for a Caucasian population. Further variables need to be explored to predict expected PNIF values more accurately. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Ottaviano Giancarlo G Scadding Glenis K GK Coles Stuart S Lund Valerie J VJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2006 Mar;44(1):1 16550941 Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Body Height Female Humans Inhalation Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis Pulmonary Ventilation Reference Values Rhinomanometry Sex Characteristics 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550947 16550946 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Yearly incidence of rhinitis, nasal bleeding, and other nasal symptoms in mature women. 26-31 To evaluate, by a prospective questionnaire study, the incidence of spontaneous nasal pathology in mature women over a 12-month period, in particular nasal bleeding and the relationships of these symptoms with various factors. Participants were drawn from a sample of 12,735 adult French volunteers participating in a study of antioxidant nutrients ("SU.VI.MAX"); 3500 women aged 50-64 years were randomly selected from good responders in the SU.Vl.MAX population. The responses of 2197 women were analysed. Nearly 70% of subjects reported at least one episode of rhinitis, with a mean (SD) of 1.88 (2.17) episodes per subject. Rhinitis was related to passive exposure to tobacco smoke (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.63), menopause (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16-1.88), and occupational exposure to vapours or dusts (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.37). Nasal bleeding was reported as traces of blood by 16.5% of subjects, and as epistaxis (significant nasal bleeding) by 7.6%. Both symptoms were related to passive exposure to tobacco smoke (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22-2.19; OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.05-2.32, respectively) but not to use of systemic or topical medication. A substantial number of mature women experience nasal symptoms during the course of a year. Rhinitis and nasal bleeding were correlated with passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Institute of Laryngology and Otology, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. v.lund@ucl.ac.uk Lund Valerie J VJ Preziosi Paul P Hercberg Serge S Hamoir Marc M Dubreuil Christian C Pessey Jean Jacques JJ Stoll Dominique D Zanaret Michel M Gehanno Pierre P eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust 0 Tobacco Smoke Pollution IM Dust Epistaxis epidemiology etiology Female France epidemiology Humans Incidence Middle Aged Nose Diseases epidemiology etiology Occupational Exposure Questionnaires Rhinitis epidemiology etiology Tobacco Smoke Pollution adverse effects 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550946 16550945 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Fungal cultures of different parts of the upper and lower airways in chronic rhinosinusitis. 19-25 The relation between fungi, upper and lower airways in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients are not clear yet. So the aim of this study was to identify the different cultured fungi in various sub-sites of the nasal cavity and lower airways in adult (CRS) patients and to correlate the cultured fungi to the associated cellular inflammatory changes. In the outpatient clinic a control group of 10 normal subjects was subjected to total nasal lavages to validate our mycological culture technique. Twenty-five adult CRS patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Under general anaesthesia before functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) operation 50 nasal vestibular swabs, 25 bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), 50 middle meatal lavages (MMLs) and 50 nasal cavity lavages (NCLs) were obtained in the operating room. These samples were processed for fungal culture and eosinophilic cellular counts. The intraoperative pathological specimens were examined using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Gomori methanamine silver (GMS) staining. In the normal control group total nasal lavages showed 100% positive fungal cultures. In the CRS patient group the BALs showed positive fungal cultures in 28%. Nasal vestibule cultures were positive in 8%. Positive middle meatal cultures were obtained in 44% of the 25 CRS patients. Two cases (8%) with maxillary fungal ball showed a positive maxillary sinus culture but a negative middle meatal culture. Nasal cavity lavages were positive in 36%. Middle meatal eosinophilia was identified in 33.6% of the positive middle meatal fungal culture. Following the deShazo's criteria of diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusits (AFRS), only 16% of the subjects in this study fulfilled the criteria. No correlation existed between fungal culture, cellular and other clinical parameters. Also no correlation existed between upper and lower airway positive cultures. In conclusion fungi seemed to be present in different percentages and types in different sub sites of the airways but without associated eosinophilia. There were no significant correlations between the fungal culture and clinical parameters of CRS nor were there significant correlations between fungal culture and objective lower airway involvement. ENT Department, Free University Hospital (AZ-VUB), Brussels, Belgium. ahmedragab2000@hotmail.com Ragab Ahmed A Clement Peter P Vincken Walter W Nolard Nicole N Simones Francois F eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology microbiology Chronic Disease Endoscopy Eosinophils Female Fungi isolation & purification Humans Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity microbiology Nasal Lavage Fluid microbiology Paranasal Sinuses microbiology surgery Rhinitis microbiology pathology Sinusitis microbiology pathology 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550945 16550944 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Lack of association between the glutathione-s-transferase genes (GSTT1 and GSTM1) and nasal polyposis. 14-8 To evaluate the glutation-S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in nasal polyposis (NP). The study population consisted of 102 unrelated healthy individuals and 98 patients with NP (67 without asthma, 31 with asthma). Genotyping of the polymorphism in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was performed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null-genotypes were found in 46.1% and 23.5% of the controls, and in 43.9% and 33.7% of the NP patients, respectively. These differences were not significant (for GSTM1 null odds ratio (OR) = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.52-1.6 and for GSTT1, OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 0.89-3.07). Although no significant difference for combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes between control (8.8%) and NP patients (17.3%) was found, there was a 2.16-fold increased proportion in the NP with the combined GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null genotype (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 0.91-5.13). These results suggest that there is lack of association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and NP. The GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms had also no relevant developing effect on NP patients without or with asthma. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Selcuk, Meram Medical School, Konya, Turkey. harbag@selcuk.edu.tr Arbag Hamdi H Cora Tulin T Acar Hasan H Ozturk Kayhan K Sari Fatih F Ulusoy Bulent B eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 2.5.1.- glutathione S-transferase T1 EC 2.5.1.18 Glutathione Transferase EC 2.5.1.18 glutathione S-transferase M1 IM Adult Asthma complications Case-Control Studies Female Gene Frequency Genotype Glutathione Transferase genetics Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications genetics Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Genetic 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550944 16550943 2006 03 22 2006 05 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Severe nasal polyposis and its impact on quality of life. The effect of a short course of oral steroids followed by long-term intranasal steroid treatment. 8-13 Nasal polyposis is not a life-threatening disorder but has a great impact on the quality of life. Steroids constitute the first line of treatment of nasal polyps. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of life in nasal polyp patients after: (1) a short course of oral steroids; and (2) a long-term treatment with intranasal steroids. Patients with severe nasal polyps received either oral prednisone (n = 60) or no steroid treatment (control group, n = 18) for 2 weeks. Patients treated with steroids were also followed-up and evaluated after 12, 24, and 48 additional weeks with intranasal budesonide treatment. Patients with nasal polyps showed worse scores on all SF-36 domains, except for physical functioning, compared to the Spanish general population. After two weeks, patients treated with oral prednisone demonstrated a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in all impaired QoL domains compared to both control group and baseline. The mental component summary (51.0 +/- 1.2, p < 0.05) and physical component summary (51.0 +/- 0.9, p < 0.05) were improved compared to both control group and baseline. The improvement of all SF-36 domains was sustained by intranasal budesonida (p < 0.05) after 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Nasal obstruction, sense of smell, and polyp size also improved after both the oral short course and the intranasal long-term steroids treatment (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the treatment with a short-course of oral steroids improves the quality of life of patients with severe nasal polyps and that this effect is maintained by a long-term treatment with intranasal steroids. Rhinology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ICEMEQ), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. Alobid Isam I Benitez Pedro P Pujols Laura L Maldonado Miguel M Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel M Morello Antonio A Picado Cesar C Mullol Joaquim J eng Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 51333-22-3 Budesonide 53-03-2 Prednisone IM Administration, Intranasal Administration, Oral Aged Aged, 80 and over Budesonide administration & dosage Drug Administration Schedule Female Glucocorticoids administration & dosage Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology physiopathology Nasal Polyps complications drug therapy physiopathology Prednisone administration & dosage Quality of Life Smell 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550943 16550942 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Different surgical approaches to the sellar region: focusing on the "two nostrils four hands technique". 2-7 After a brief overview of the most commonly discussed sellar approaches in literature, the authors focus on their "Two Nostrils Four Hands" technique. This approach allows otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons to co-operate and its advantages are described. In the discussion the authors want to demonstrate how this collaboration can favour a true interdisciplinary improvement in the treatment of sellar pathology. They also want to demonstrate how this technique can be microinvasive with the use of the two nostrils at the same time, thus preserving the anatomical structures not involved. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. paologc@tin.it Castelnuovo Paolo P Pistochini Andrea A Locatelli Davide D eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy methods Humans Microsurgery methods Nasal Cavity Neurosurgical Procedures methods Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Paranasal Sinuses surgery Sella Turcica surgery 43 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550942 16550941 2006 03 22 2006 05 30

0300-0729 44 1 2006 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airflow measurements: present and future. 1 Fokkens Wytske J WJ eng Comment Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2006 Mar;44(1):32-5 16550947 Humans Inhalation Nasal Cavity physiology Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinomanometry 2006 3 23 9 0 2006 5 31 9 0 2006 3 23 9 0 ppublish 16550941 16792180 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Early depictions of the human anterior nasal septum. 169-72 In the literature, remarks on the depiction of the anterior nasal septum in prehistoric times cannot be found. Studying works of art from some archaeological sites of Asia, Asia Minor, Near East, Egypt, and Southeastern Europe the anatomical depiction of the columella and the nostrils in human figures are shown. These figures or heads, partly appearing as masks, were made of ivory, stone, marble, terracotta, steatite, reeds and clay, or of burned limestone. Faces and figures sculpted in the time between the Upper Palaeolithic (30,000 - 25,000 BC) and the Early Bronze Age (3,300 - 2,400 BC) are presented as examples of our ancestors' outstanding skill to create works of art with an astonishing ability to observe anatomical details. The tendency to create a human nose in a natural manner can already be recognized in the figurines of the Upper Palaeolithic. HNO-Klinik, University of Ulm, Germany. wolfgang.pirsig@extern.uni-ulm.de Pirsig Wolfgang W Sokiranski Roman R eng Historical Article Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM History, Ancient Humans Nasal Septum Sculpture history 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792180 16792179 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Inverted papilloma of the sphenoid sinus: presentation of three cases. 164-8 Inverted papilloma deriving originally from the sphenoid sinus is extremely rare. Three such cases are presented aiming to show the particularities and diagnostic clues of this clinical entity. All three patients were male, and presented mainly with nasal symptoms. In all three cases imaging shows the sphenoid sinus was completely occupied by the tumor. Additionally the ethmoids and nasal cavities have been invaded in contiguity to the site of the initial appearance of the tumor. In particular one of the cases was of even more interest as a malignant transformation of the inverted papilloma of the sphenoid sinus was histologically observed. Endoscopic sinus surgery was the therapeutic approach chosen for all three cases, with very good results. Follow up 30 months after the operation has not revealed any signs of recurrence of the disease. Inverted papilloma of the sphenoid sinuses--and even more malignant transformation--although quite rare, may present occasionally. The ENT surgeon should be aware of this condition. Preoperative imaging with CT scan and MRI and the experience of the surgeon will dictate the appropriate surgical approach. University of Athens Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hippocrateion Hospital, Athens, Greece. jyiot@otenet.gr Yiotakis Ioannis I Gkoritsa Eleni E Manolopoulos Leonidas L Kandiloros Dimitrios D Korres Stavros S Ferekidis Eleftherios E eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Humans Male Middle Aged Papilloma, Inverted diagnosis Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis Sphenoid Sinus 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792179 16792178 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Acoustic rhinometry in small children. 160-3 To study how acoustic rhinometry succeeds in a sample of small children of one to six years of age and to evaluate reasons for failed recordings. Twenty-six healthy children one to six years of age were invited to the Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology for clinical examination and measurements with acoustic rhinometry. Three children of ten refused recordings in the age group of one to two years. The children's nose adaptor was too small for three of seven children in the age group of three to four years. The anatomical nose adaptor and the adult nose tube were suitable for children between five to six years of age. Acoustic rhinometry is well tolerated and usually well accepted in small children. The recordings succeeded in most children. However, lack of adequate equipment hinders measurements in part of the children. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. katja.liukkonen@hus.fi Liukkonen Katja K Virkkula Paula P Pitkäranta Anne A eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Child, Preschool Equipment Design Female Humans Infant Male Rhinometry, Acoustic instrumentation 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792178 16792177 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Characterization of nasal paraffinoma following septorhinoplasty by attenuated total reflection--fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). 156-9 Vaseline and paraffin have been injected into various parts of the body. Vaselinoma and paraffinoma are well-described complications, despite which nasal packing with Vaseline gauze is still common in the management of epistaxis, after rhinoplasty, endonasal surgery, to control bleeding and prevent synechiae or restenosis. Our aim is to highlight this complication, propose a safe method for its diagnosis and establish guidelines for its prevention. We report two cases of paraffinoma occurring after rhinoplasty and discuss prevention of this rare but serious complication, and suggest an alternative dressing. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) FI7R spectra have proven to be a definitive characterising tool for surgical extracts, guaranteeing detection of mineral products that histology does not offer. For these lesions we propose the name "petroleum oilomas" which we feel to be more appropriate than the more commonly used paraffinomas. Relevance of the work: a description of an innovative and safe method of diagnosis, and proposal of a procedure for postrhinoplasty packing (without mineral oils) to avoid this complication. Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Rio Hortega University Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. gilcarsa@telefonica.net Gil-Carcedo Luis M LM Martín-Gil Jesús J Gil-Carcedo Elisa S ES Vallejo Luis A LA Martín-Gil Francisco J FJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 8002-74-2 Paraffin IM Adult Female Humans Nose Diseases chemically induced diagnosis Paraffin adverse effects Rhinoplasty methods Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792177 16792176 2006 06 23 2006 12 19 2011 08 25

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Epistaxis and its management: an observational pilot study carried out in 23 hospital centres in France. 151-5 The purpose of this study is to describe the treatment of epistaxis in hospital emergency departments and to identify the principal risk factors for more severe episodes of bleeding. Prospective cross-sectional epidemiological study This study was carried out in 23 hospital centres in France, most of them teaching hospitals. Every patient presenting non-traumatic epistaxis or else associated with hereditary hemangioma during two consecutive and separate 24-hour periods were included. Fifty patients were included in the study. Nasal bleeding was stopped within 30 minutes for 47 patients. Fourteen patients were hospitalized. The risk factors for severe epistaxis included either copious bleeding or else bleeding for more than 6 hours or patients aged 65 and over. A history of repeated nasal packing and/or taking medication with a known hemorrhagic risk was associated with the amount and duration of bleeding (p < 0.05). Risk factors for severe epistaxis should be identified as to improve patient care and avoid treatment failure or useless hospitalization. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Poitiers, BP 577- 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France. j.m.klossek@chu-poitiers.fr Klossek Jean-Michel JM Dufour Xavier X de Montreuil Claude Beauvillain CB Fontanel Jean-Pierre JP Peynègre Roger R Reyt Emile E Rugina Michel M Samardzic Marina M Serrano Elie E Stoll Dominique D Chevillard Christine C eng Journal Article Multicenter Study

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Epistaxis therapy Female France Humans Male Middle Aged Pilot Projects Prospective Studies 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792176 16792175 2006 06 23 2006 12 19 2007 11 15

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Eosinophilic nasal polyps are a rich source of eotaxin, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3. 145-50 The CC-chemokine eotaxin plays a key role in the pathologic mechanism of tissue eosinophilia in nasal polyposis. In this study, we investigated a possible role of eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3, the recently discovered members of the eotaxin family. Nasal polyps from 24 patients (non allergic/allergic/aspirin-intolerant patients) and turbinate tissue from 8 controls were investigated. Chemokine protein content (eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and -3) of tissue homogenates was measured by ELISA. Paraffin sections of samples were stained to determine the extent of eosinophilia. Protein expression of eotaxin, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 was significantly higher in nasal polyps than in controls. There was a direct correlation between the protein concentrations of all three eotaxins. Further, protein levels of all chemokines were significantly correlated to the amount of eosinophilia. In aspirin-sensitive polyps the number of eosinophils was significantly higher than in the other patient groups and they had significantly higher eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and -3 protein levels than non-allergic and significantly higher amounts of eotaxin-3 compared with allergic patients. Our findings suggest, that all members of the eotaxin family are involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The results are more likely indicative of a complex cooperation between all members of the eotaxin family than of a specific role in the development of eosinophilia and nasal polyposis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. Olze H H Förster U U Zuberbier T T Morawietz L L Luger E O EO eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 CCL11 protein, human 0 CCL24 protein, human 0 CCL26 protein, human 0 Chemokine CCL11 0 Chemokine CCL24 0 Chemokines, CC 0 Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil IM Adult Chemokine CCL11 Chemokine CCL24 Chemokines, CC biosynthesis Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil biosynthesis Eosinophilia metabolism Eosinophils metabolism Female Humans Male Nasal Polyps metabolism 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792175 16792174 2006 06 23 2006 12 19 2007 11 15

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal RANTES and eotaxin production pattern in response to rhinovirus infection. 140-4 Tissue eosinophilia is a hallmark of nasal polyposis and its pathogenesis is an area of high interest. RANTES and eotaxin are both known to recruit eosinophils, however, the mechanisms triggering their induction are still uncertain, and viral infections have been suggested to be involved in this process. Therefore, we investigated whether rhinovirus infection is a stimulus for RANTES and eotaxin expression and production. Fibroblasts were cultured from healthy nasal mucosa obtained during endonasal surgery. Cultured cells were infected with human rhinovirus-16 for one to 72 hours. Following total RNA isolation and reverse transcription, RANTES- and eotaxin-mRNA levels were analyzed. In addition, RANTES and eotaxin secretion was measured in culture supernatants by means of an ELISA. Rhinovirus infection induces RANTES-mRNA expression as early as one hour after infection, persisting for up to 72 hours. Eotaxin-mRNA profiles did not alter significantly from control. Protein production was confirmatory for both chemokines, indicating distinct translational latency. Our data suggest that RANTES functions as a host defence mechanism responding to rhinovirus infection, thus supporting a linkage between rhinovirus infections and the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. jens.meyer@hno.uni-lubeck.de Meyer Jens E JE Stangenberg Stefanie S Weise Jan B JB Beck Christian C Schmidt Christian C Kurz Kristina K Beier Ulf H UH Maune Steffen S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 CCL11 protein, human 0 Chemokine CCL11 0 Chemokine CCL5 0 Chemokines, CC IM Cells, Cultured Chemokine CCL11 Chemokine CCL5 biosynthesis Chemokines, CC biosynthesis Humans Picornaviridae Infections metabolism Rhinovirus 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792174 16792173 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Post-infectious olfactory dysfunction exhibits a seasonal pattern. 135-9 We investigated whether olfactory dysfunction following infections of the upper respiratory tract (post-URTI) has an incidence matching the seasonality of URTIs. Study design: Retrospective study. In total, 457 patients (126 male, 331 female) with post-URTI olfactory loss were examined during a 6-year-period (1999-2004). Their records were assessed for age, sex, and time of onset of the disease. The severity of olfactory dysfunction was assessed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" (odour threshold, odour discrimination, and odour identification). Incidence of post-URTI olfactory dysfunction exhibited seasonal fluctuations with deviations from the winter seasonality of URTIs. The overall incidence of the disease differed significantly between months. March (12.7%) and May (12.6%) were the months with the highest incidence of the disease throughout the year. The lowest incidence was observed in September (5.6%). Significant differences were found between these months and months with a high incidence of URTIs. The peak incidence of post-URTI olfactory loss in March may be explained by the high incidence of influenza at this time. However, it is unclear why the incidence of the disease presents a second peak in May, when the incidence of respiratory viruses is relatively low. Climate conditions at this time might play a role in the susceptibility of the nasal epithelia towards certain viral infections, e.g. parainfluenza type III. Post-URTI olfactory dysfunction exhibits spring seasonality with peaks in March and May and possible causative factors being influenza and parainfluenza viruses (type III), respectively. Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Konstantinidis I I Haehner A A Frasnelli J J Reden J J Quante G G Damm M M Hummel T T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders epidemiology etiology Respiratory Tract Infections complications Retrospective Studies Seasons 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792173 16792172 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Expression and localization of TRPV1 in human nasal mucosa. 128-34 Capsaicin is the pungent principle in chili peppers and previous studies reported that topical application of capsaicin to patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis produced significant and long-lasting relief of symptoms. The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1, VR1) is a nociceptive transducer and the existence of TRPV1 in non-neuronal cells as well as neuronal cells has been reported. In order to clarify the role of TRPV1 on the upper airway, we examined the localization and the expression of TRPV1 in human nasal mucosa. Surgically obtained human nasal specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry with commercial anti-TRPV1 antibody. We also performed immunofluorescence with anti-TRPV1 antibody and anti-neurofilament antibody or anti-CD31 antibody. Epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells were cultured from nasal turbinates, respectively. For RT-PCR analysis, total RNA was isolated, and then RT-PCR was performed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that TRPV1 positive cells were found on epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, submucosal glands and nerves in human nasal mucosa. By RT-PCR analysis, the mRNA expression of TRPV1 was confirmed in human nasal mucosa. These results suggest that capsaicin can directly influence the epithelial secretory and various functions via TRPV1 as well as the activation of the sensory neurons. Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. seki@sapmed.ac.jp Seki Nobuhiko N Shirasaki Hideaki H Kikuchi Megumi M Sakamoto Tatsuo T Watanabe Naoto N Himi Tetsuo T eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 TRPV Cation Channels 0 TRPV1 protein, human IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa chemistry metabolism Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction TRPV Cation Channels analysis biosynthesis 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792172 16792171 2006 06 23 2006 12 19 2007 01 17

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Long term effects of cutting forceps in endoscopic sinus surgery. 123-7 At present, some authors prefer cutting forceps to conventional non-cutting forceps in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, based on the assumption of superior wound healing due to mucosal preservation, without any proof of better clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to elaborate our previously reported short-term results, by evaluating the long-term outcome. One hundred consecutive patients, who underwent a bilateral Endoscopic Sinus Surgery procedure, received follow-up in a prospective, double-blinded way. Cutting forceps had been randomly used on one side and non-cutting forceps on the other side. Lateralised symptoms (headache, maxillary pressure, nasal obstruction and secretions) and endoscopic findings (secretion, pus, blood, crusts, oedema, polyps and adhesions) were evaluated on both sides 1 year postoperatively. Both types of instruments gave satisfactory healing situations. Similar to the short-term follow-up results, no significant difference in the global symptom and endoscopic score between the 2 types of instruments was found. The analysis of individual symptoms and endoscopic parameters also showed no difference. Cutting forceps do not result in a better subjective or endoscopic healing evaluation after one year, compared to non-cutting forceps. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Kuleuven, Leuven, Belgium. Vauterin Tom T Vander Poorten Vincent V Jorissen Mark M eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Double-Blind Method Endoscopy Follow-Up Studies Humans Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures instrumentation Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Surgical Instruments Time Factors 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792171 16792170 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Sub-alar batten grafts as treatment for nasal valve incompetence; description of technique and functional evaluation. 118-22 To describe and evaluate the functional results of a surgical technique for treating nasal valve incompetence, in which a cartilage graft called a sub-alar batten graft is placed along the undersurface of the lateral crus of the lower lateral cartilage. The functional outcomes of 27 patients who had sub-alar batten grafts placed on 39 sides were evaluated by means of clinical examination and subjective self-assessment. Of a total of 39 sides operated upon, 10 (26%) were rated as optimal, 15 (39%) as improved, 13 (33%) as equal and 1 (2%) as worse. Overall on 25 sides (65%) the post-operative situation was considered to be better than pre-operatively. In all cases in which there was a wish for cosmetic improvement, besides the functional indication, this was obtained, and in no case did the grafts give cause to cosmetic grievances or other complications. Placement of sub-alar battens had a positive effect on nasal valve function in roughly two thirds of cases in this series. Although in our opinion this result was slightly disappointing from a purely functional point of view, they can improve the cosmetic result and continue to be considered in cases in which avoidance of surface irregularities is a primary concern or as a preventative measure in rhinoplasty patients at risk for post-operative valve collapse. Department of Otolaryngology/Facial Plastic Surgery, Rijnland Hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands. r.andre@rijnland.nl André R F RF D'Souza A R AR Kunst H P HP Vuyk H D HD eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Cartilage transplantation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Nose Diseases complications surgery Rhinoplasty methods 34 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792170 16792169 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Functional rhinoplasty with batten and spreader grafts for correction of internal nasal valve incompetence. 114-7 We a describe technique for correction of internal nasal valve incompetence (INVI) using functional rhinoplasty (FRP) with combined cartilaginous batten and spreader grafts and report the functional and cosmetic outcomes. Prospective series using subjective improvement in nasal airway and quality of life. Subregional ENT centre, one operating rhinologist. Twenty-three consecutive adults presenting to ENT department at North Hertfordshire NHS Trust with symptomatic INVI. Pre and post-operative symptom scores for nasal obstruction and its impact on overall quality of life using visual analogue scales (1-100mm). Cosmetic outcome graded using subjective scores. Statistical analysis performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. We found a median subjective improvement on the visual analogue scale of 55 mm for nasal patency (p<0.001) and of 49 mm for quality of life (p<0.001). Twenty-two patients felt that the appearance of their nose had not changed or had significantly improved post operatively. Combined use of batten and spreader grafts for the correction of INVI in normal or narrow nasal vaults is effective without compromising cosmesis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lister hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Faris C C Koury E E Kothari P P Frosh A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage transplantation Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Nose Diseases complications surgery Prospective Studies Rhinoplasty methods 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792169 16792168 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The endoscopic Draf II frontal sinusotomy: non-navigated approach. 108-13 Endoscopic endonasal Draf II frontal sinusotomy is indicated for a variety of pathologies such as mucocele and non-responsive chronic frontal sinusitis. However, this approach is challenged and controversial. The objectives were to evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and rate of complications of this approach, without the use of a navigation system. The files and computed tomography (CT) scans of 25 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal Draf II sinusotomy at Assaf Harofeh Medical Center between 1999 and 2002 were reviewed. Thirty-one frontal sinuses were operated on and follow-up was between 18 and 62 months (average 30.3). Twenty-two sinuses (71%) had previous surgery. The Draf II procedure was used in 3.7% of all cases during the survey period. The most frequent indication for surgery was inflammation (48%) followed by mucocele (28%). In all but 2 sinuses (93%), the frontal floor between the lamina papyracea and the middle concha was drilled out. Twenty-four patients (96%) were successfully ventilated. No major complications were noted. The Draf II approach can be used safely and successfully without a navigation system, including cases of revision endoscopic sinus surgery. Correct interpretation of the surgical field and a CT scan are crucial for success. Careful patient selection is essential for this procedure. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. eviatar@asaf.health.gov.il Eviatar E E Katzenell U U Segal S S Shlamkovitch N N Kalmovich L Muallem LM Kessler A A Vaiman M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Endoscopy methods Female Frontal Sinus surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792168 16792167 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The 'best method' of topical nasal drug delivery: comparison of seven techniques. 102-7 To determine whether there is a 'best' technique for delivering drugs to the middle meatus. Single-blind cross-over study in healthy individuals using endoscopic video-imaging. A dyed test formulation was administered intranasally on seven non-sequential days to ten healthy individuals with no 'nasal' history. The participants were recruited through advertisement. Comparison of seven different techniques, 20 nostrils and 140 endoscopic videos for the deposition patterns of dyed test formulation. Analysis was possible in 90% of all endoscopic videos. Three head positions were tested for both nasal drops and nasal sprays. Deposition of dyed test formulation near the middle meatus was observed in 43% of all observations. No significant differences were observed in terms of delivery between any of the seven techniques. Our study suggests there may not be a single 'best' technique for topical nasal drug delivery. A more individual approach to topical nasal drug treatment, taking anatomy and head position into account would seem to be more appropriate. Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. P.Merkus@VUmc.nl Merkus P P Ebbens F A FA Muller B B Fokkens W J WJ eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Administration, Intranasal Cross-Over Studies Drug Delivery Systems methods Humans Single-Blind Method 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792167 16792166 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Olfaction in rhinology--methods of assessing the sense of smell. 98-101 Olfactory disorders frequently occur in rhinological disease. Different subjective and objective test methods are available to assess the sense of olfaction. Among the subjective methods, screening tests and threshold measurements are commonly used to quantify hyposmia or anosmia. Qualitative methods are available using discrimination and identification tests. Objective methods are used in research and in some medicolegal situations. Objective tests include olfactory evoked potentials, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and functional Positron Emission Tomography. The measurement of the sense of smell helps to assess the whole spectrum of the effects of nasal disease. This is especially important before rhinological surgery, because a non-detected smell disorder in patients with rhinological disease is common. The assessment of a pre-existing hyposmia or anosmia helps to avoid a postoperative claim that this was caused by surgery. A variety of validated screening tests for olfaction is available and they are a useful tool to document whether a patient is able to smell. ORL-Zentrum, The Hirslanden Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland. simmen@orl-zentrum.com Simmen Daniel D Briner Hans Rudolf HR eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System instrumentation Equipment Design Humans Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Smell 24 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792166 16792165 2006 06 23 2006 12 19

0300-0729 44 2 2006 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. 97 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Humans Nasal Polyps surgery Rhinitis surgery Sinusitis surgery Treatment Outcome 2006 6 24 9 0 2006 12 21 9 0 2006 6 24 9 0 ppublish 16792165 17216747 2007 01 12 2007 03 15 2007 11 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adults in Aydin, Turkey. 283-7 Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease in Turkey. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among adults living in Aydin, Turkey. A population-based survey was undertaken among adults aged 16-64 years. Allergic rhinitis was confirmed in the subjects screened positive by the clinical examination and specific immunoglobulin E testing. A total of 465 interviews were conducted in spring 2005. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the past 12 months was 14.0%. The prevalence rate of clinically confirmable AR was computed as 11.4%. The prevalence was significantly higher among females and in urban areas. Specific IgE were detected for at least one of tested aeroallergens in 34.8% of the subjects with self-reported AR. Our study revealed that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among adults living in the city of Aydin was as high as the prevalence in other regions of Turkey but less than in Europe. Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, (Tip Fakültesi), Department of Family Medicine, Aydin, Turkey. obasak@superonline.com Başak Okay O Başak Sema S Gültekin Berna B Tekin Nil N Söylemez Aydin A eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chi-Square Distribution Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged Population Surveillance Prevalence Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial epidemiology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal epidemiology Turkey epidemiology 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216747 17216746 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Male subjects who could not perceive the pheromone 5a-androst-16-en-3-one, produced similar orbitofrontal changes on PET compared with perceptible phenylethyl alcohol (rose). 278-82 The aim of this study was to evaluate in how far cerebral blood flow changes in male subjects when exposed to a pheromone that they cannot consciously smell. We used a boar taint steroid (5a-Androst-16-en-3-one), which is similar to human axillary sweat but could not be detected by the human volunteers who participated in this study. The pheromone produced activation of the orbitofrontal and frontal cortex in comparison to a baseline condition. The same regions were activated when the subjects smelled a rose-like odour. This study shows that a pheromone, which is not consciously detected, can evoke a response in the brain that is similar to a detectable odour. PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland. Valerie.Treyer@usz.ch Treyer Valerie V Koch Heinz H Briner Hans Rudolf HR Jones Nick S NS Buck Alfred A Simmen Daniel B DB eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstenols 0 Pheromones 60-12-8 Phenylethyl Alcohol IM Adult Androstenols Animals Cerebral Cortex blood supply Cerebrovascular Circulation Humans Male Odors Olfactory Bulb blood supply Phenylethyl Alcohol Pheromones Swine Tomography, Emission-Computed 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216746 17216745 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Phenylpropanolamine's decongestive effect on the nasalmucosa of pregnant women with nasal stuffiness. 274-7 Pregnancy rhinitis is common and very troublesome for many women. Today, no safe and effective treatment is available for this condition. The aim of this placebo-controlled double-blind study was to evaluate the decongestive effect of phenylpropanolamine (PPA 50 mg) twice daily for seven days in 38 women with pregnancy rhinitis. In the morning, before starting the course of treatment, and two to three hours after taking the last dose of the study-medicine in the morning on the eighth day, recordings of the position of the nasal mucosal surface were made with rhinostereometry. Every evening, the women filled in a questionnaire about their symptoms on a scale from 0-9 (0 = no symptoms, 9 = extremely severe symptoms). The effects of the drug on their blood pressure and other side-effects were also determined. The patients used a newly-evaluated telephone method to assess their daily symptoms. PPA 50 mg had a decongestive effect on the nasal mucosa, as measured with symptom scores and rhinostereometry. In the placebo group, this effect was found with rhinostereometry, but not on nasal stuffiness as judged by the symptom scores. The reason why the placebo group also experienced a decongestive effect after treatment may have been due to stress because the patients were in a hurry and such stress may have a decongestive effect on the nasal mucosa. No effects on the blood pressure or other side-effects were detected. In conclusion, this study shows that PPA 50 mg twice daily may be an effective and safe treatment in pregnancy rhinitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital/Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. karin.toll@karolinska.se Toll Karin K Graf Peter P eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants 14838-15-4 Phenylpropanolamine IM Adult Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Female Humans Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage therapeutic use Phenylpropanolamine administration & dosage therapeutic use Placebo Effect Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications drug therapy Questionnaires Rhinitis drug therapy Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216745 17216744 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology "Post-nasal drip syndrome": most patients with purulent nasal secretions do not complain of chronic cough. 270-3 Post-nasal drip syndrome (PNDS) is quoted as a common cause of chronic cough. However, there is little evidence to explain the mechanism by which PNDS may stimulate the cough reflex. This cohort study looks at patients with purulent nasal secretions, who may best represent any potential candidate for PNDS, and observes the frequency of symptomatic coughing. One-hundred and eight consecutive patients referred to a rhinology clinic with symptoms of chronic infective rhinosinusitis, all with purulent nasal secretions identified on nasendoscopy, were observed through investigation and treatment. Patients were initially treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and nasal douching. The frequency of coughing was recorded pre- and post- treatment. Eighty-nine percent of patients complained of post-nasal secretions. Twenty-three (21%) patients complained of cough. Eight had co-existing asthma, 3 had bronchiectasis, 1 had sarcoid and 2 had had a recent respiratory tract infection. Therefore 9 patients (8%) had purulent nasal secretions and a cough with no other discernable pathology. Cough improved in 8 of the 9 patients following treatment. Cough improved in 9 of the 14 patients with other possible co-existing causes for cough. Only a small proportion of patients with purulent rhinosinusitis without coexisting chest disease complain of cough. Although nasal disease may be a genuine cause for chronic cough it is unlikely to be as common a cause as has been reported. Postnasal secretions do not appear to be an adequate cause for cough and the term 'PNDS' should be replaced by rhinosinusitis when nasal disease is the cause of chronic cough. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. O'Hara J J Jones N S NS eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Chronic Disease Comorbidity Cough epidemiology etiology therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa secretion Prospective Studies Rhinitis complications therapy Sinusitis complications therapy Syndrome 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216744 17216743 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Respiratory adenomatoid hamartoma must be suspected on CT-scan enlargement of the olfactory clefts. 264-9 To demonstrate that Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) of the nose, a recently individualized benign tumour, is characterized by a significant widening of the CT-scan width of the olfactory clefts. Retrospective study comparing, in the axial and coronal planes, the CT-scan maximum width of the olfactory clefts, i.e. the maximum distance between both turbinal ethmoidal walls, of 15 REAH patients, 36 Nasal Polyposis (NPS) and 49 normal individuals. In axial and coronal planes, respectively, the medians of the olfactory clefts width were of 12.2 mm and 12.1 mm for REAH, and 5.6 mm and 5.4 mm for NPS, compared to 4.5 mm and 4.2 mm for normal individuals (both p < 0.0001). Total nasal width (i.e. the distance between both medial orbital walls) was not found to be different between groups in both planes. The median ratios "olfactory cleft width/total nasal width" were, for the axial and coronal planes respectively, of 53.1% and 44.7 for REAH, and 23.5% and 22.9% for NPS, compared to 19.2% and 19.1% for normal controls (both p < or = 0.001). Compared to normal and nasal polyposis CT-scans, REAH significantly enlarges the olfactory clefts width. Bilateral REAH represent a genuine differential diagnosis of Nasal Polyposis; the CT-scan appears as a major clue to differentiate the two diseases. Endoscopic surgery of REAH definitely confirms their origin in the olfactory cleft, and opens a new field of endoscopic surgery of the olfactory cleft. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Henri Poincaré University, CHU - Central Hospital, Nancy, France. Lima Nuno Barros NB Jankowski Roger R Georgel Thomas T Grignon Bruno B Guillemin Francis F Vignaud Jean-Michel JM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Diagnosis, Differential Endoscopy Female Hamartoma radiography Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps radiography Nose Diseases radiography Retrospective Studies Statistics, Nonparametric Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216743 17216742 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Submucosal glands and goblet cells in maxillary sinus surgery: an experimental study in rabbits. 259-63 After sinus surgery poor ciliary activity and disorders in mucus production can lead to an increase in postoperative complications. PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY: To evaluate the changes in the ultrastructure of submucosal glands (SG) and goblet cells (GC) after partial or wide surgical removal of maxillary sinus mucosa (MSM). Twenty New Zealand White rabbits were divided in two groups of 10 animals. In group A, the mucosa of the right maxillary sinus (MS) was removed. In contrast, in group B only a strip the mucosa around the ostium was removed. After three months the sinus were opened and the mucosa studied by light-, and scanning- and transmision electron microscopy. After three months in group A all right MS were infected with purulent secretions, and the density of SG with a mean value of 10.4 per mm, standard deviation (SD) 3.36 and GC 81.81 per mm (SD: 3.82). However, in group B the SG were 52.3 per mm (SD: 4.5) and GC 4.45 per mm (SD: 1.23). These results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Histopathological findings showed in group A, after three months, SG with a fewer number of microvilli in the glandular lumen. Department of ENT, Santa Maria Hospital, Lleida, Spain. pablomelgarejo@wanadoo.es Melgarejo-Moreno P P Hellín-Meseguer D D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Female Goblet Cells ultrastructure Maxillary Sinus surgery ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure Rabbits Regeneration 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216742 17216741 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A comparison between functional and radical sinus surgery in an experimental model of maxillary sinusitis. 255-8 To compare functional and radical surgery in a maxillary sinusitis' treatment during in vivo experiments in rabbits. An experimental chronic maxillary sinusitis was induced in 21 New Zealand white rabbits by inducing mucosal trauma combined with an injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and a maxillary sinus ostium occlusion during 28 days. Functional surgery (FS) by reopening the natural ostium and radical surgery (RS) by reopening the natural ostium were performed in association with removal of the sinus mucosa. They were macroscopically and histologically evaluated 15 days, 1 month and 2 months after the surgery. FS had diminished chronic inflammatory criteria (lymphoid and plasma cells) faster that RS ([15 days (p = 0.016)]; [1 month (p = 0.03)]; [2 months (p = 0.03)]). Mucosa fibrosis was more important after RS ([15 days (p = 0.016)]; [1 month (p = 0.03)]; [2 months (p = 0.016)]). FS accelerates healing with less fibrosis that RS in pathological mucosa altered by a chronic inflammation. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France. nicolas.guevara@wanadoo.fr Guevara Nicolas N Hofman Veronique V Hofman Paul P Santini José J Castillo Laurent L eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Maxillary Sinus surgery Maxillary Sinusitis microbiology pathology surgery Rabbits Streptococcal Infections pathology surgery Wound Healing 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216741 17216740 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Intracellular residency is frequently associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus rhinosinusitis. 249-54 The prevalence of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus organisms in the nasal mucosa of patients with recurrent infectious rhinosinusitis episodes was studied. Twenty-seven consecutive adult patients who failed medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of multiple origins, associated or not with nasal polyposis, were consecutively enrolled for endonasal sinus surgery (including partial middle turbinectomy, middle antrostomy, ethmoidectomy, sphenoidotomy) and followed for a 12-month post-operative period. Seventeen of these patients showed the presence of intracellular S. aureus as detected by confocal laser scan immunofluorescence microscopy in epithelial cells of surgical intranasal biopsy specimens. Nine of the patients with and two without intracellular bacteria yielded S. aureus in endoscopically guided cultures of middle meatus secretions, despite the recent administration of prophylactic antibiotics. Eleven of the 17 patients with intracellular S. aureus relapsed for rhinosinusitis within the 12-month follow-up period. Molecular typing of sequential S. aureus isolates demonstrated the persistence of unique patient-specific S. aureus clonotypes in nine of the patients with intracellular bacteria during the 12-month follow-up. The presence of intracellular S. aureus in epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa is a significant risk factor for recurrent episodes of rhinosinusitis due to persistent bacterial clonotypes, which appear refractory to antimicrobial and surgical therapy. Rhinology - Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Plouin-Gaudon I I Clement S S Huggler E E Chaponnier C C François P P Lew D D Schrenzel J J Vaudaux P P Lacroix J S JS eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Carrier State Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa microbiology Prospective Studies Recurrence Rhinitis microbiology surgery Risk Factors Sinusitis microbiology surgery Staphylococcal Infections complications surgery Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification Treatment Outcome 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216740 17216739 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mechanical nasal alar dilators. 239-48 Most studies on nasal dilators have used Breathe Right or Nozovent. Both devices dilate the nasal valves, reduce nasal resistance, and improve nasal airflow. The use of dilators improves airflow most on inspiration, as the valve is stabilised and prevented from collapse. The response varies greatly between individuals, and can be impressive. The effect of nasal dilators may be lower in non-Caucasians. During exercise, nasal dilators delay the onset of oronasal breathing, and can have only small effects on performance thereafter. Nozovent and Breathe Right can reduce snoring, and improve otherwise obstructed breathing during sleep in selected patients. It is a challenge to find those patients, and one way could be to perform polysomnography with and without nasal dilator. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kungsbacka Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden. eva.ellegard@lthalland.se Ellegård Eva E eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Dilatation instrumentation Exercise Humans Nasal Cavity Nasal Obstruction prevention & control Snoring prevention & control 88 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216739 17216738 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Chronic inferior turbinate enlargement and the implications for surgical intervention. 234-8 Nasal obstruction due to chronic enlargement of the inferior turbinate is a common problem for the ENT surgeon. This review will discuss the pathology of 'bilateral' and 'unilateral' turbinate enlargement associated with chronic rhinitis and nasal septal deviation, and focus on the structural changes in the turbinates. Cellular hyperplasia, tissue oedema and vascular congestion all contribute to turbinate enlargement, but there is some evidence that bony enlargement is associated with unilateral turbinate enlargement. There is no evidence for cellular hypertrophy despite the common use of the term 'turbinate hypertrophy' and this term should be replaced with the more correct term of 'turbinate enlargement'. The underlying pathology of turbinate enlargement has important implications for the surgical management of nasal obstruction. Common Cold Centre, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. farmers@cardiff.ac.uk Farmer S E J SE Eccles R R eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Humans Hypertrophy Nasal Mucosa pathology surgery Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Nasal Septum pathology surgery Turbinates pathology surgery 23 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216738 17216737 2007 01 12 2007 03 15

0300-0729 44 4 2006 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Head and neck manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. 227-33 Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is a necrotizing granulomatous angiitis that presents the classic ELK triad of ear, nose, throat (E), lung (L), and kidney (K) involvement. Its potential rapid and fatal outcome makes the early recognition--before irreversible organ involvement occurs--mandatory. The aetiology is still unknown. Today, immunosuppressive therapy makes WG a treatable disease with a chronically relapsing course. The otorhinolaryngologist plays an important role in early diagnosis of WG, because in up to 95% of the patients initial WG symptoms are observed in the head and neck region. The majority of these patients show nasal or sinunasal involvement. Common manifestations are sinusitis, crusting of the nose, and development of saddle nose deformity. Other head and neck problems are middle and inner ear symptoms and subglottic stenosis. Follow up and activity assessment of the disease are also important roles to play for the otorhinolarygologist. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany. gottschlich@hno.uni-kiel.de Gottschlich S S Ambrosch P P Kramkowski D D Laudien M M Buchelt T T Gross W L WL Hellmich B B eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunosuppressive Agents IM Biopsy Diagnosis, Differential Endoscopy Humans Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases diagnosis drug therapy immunology surgery Prognosis Recurrence Wegener Granulomatosis diagnosis drug therapy immunology surgery 47 2007 1 16 9 0 2007 3 16 9 0 2007 1 16 9 0 ppublish 17216737 16218521 2005 10 12 2006 01 03

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps. 238; author reply 238 Huizing Egbert H EH eng Comment Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinol Suppl. 2005;(18):1-87 15847064 Chronic Disease Humans Nasal Polyps etiology Rhinitis complications Sinusitis complications 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218521 16218520 2005 10 12 2006 01 03

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Atrophic rhinitis in a patient with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. 233-5 We would like to present the rare case of a now 37-year old female patient with autosomal-recessively inherited anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia being treated in our ENT department for atrophic rhinitis. The clinical appearance very much resembled the picture of an "empty nose" with distinct hypoplasia of the turbinates and extensively wide nasal cavities. We want to point out the possible existence of atrophic rhinitis against the background of an underlying syndromatic disease in adults and also the pediatric patient. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. kerstin.wiesmiller@medizin.uni-ulm.de Wiesmiller Kerstin K Keck Tilman T Lindemann Joerg J eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Ectodermal Dysplasia complications Female Humans Rhinitis, Atrophic diagnosis etiology therapy 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218520 16218519 2005 10 12 2006 01 03

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal and paranasal sinus manifestation of Rosai-Dorfman disease. 229-32 Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare, idiopathic, benign, histiocytic proliferation usually seen in younger patients. Most commonly neck lymph nodes are involved with a predominant infiltration of sinusoidal histiocytes. Nearly half of the patients have extranodal manifestation. Two cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease involving the nose and the paranasal sinuses are presented. The clinical presentation, radiographic findings, treatment and histological characteristics of the disease are discussed. Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Berne, Inselspital, 3010 Berne, Switzerland. Hagemann Matthias M Zbären Peter P Stauffer Edouard E Caversaccio Marco M eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Histiocytosis, Sinus pathology radiography therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology radiography Paranasal Sinuses pathology radiography 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218519 16218518 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2011 11 17

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Isolated maxillary sinus Ewing's sarcoma. 225-8 Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is rarely found arising in the head and neck region. Only six cases of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma invading the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses have been reported in the literature. The first described case of that Ewing's sarcoma located in isolated maxillary sinus extending into the orbita without involving the nose is presented. A 16-year-old woman presented with swelling in her right cheek. The nasal examination was normal. A computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sinuses revealed a large mass in the right maxillary sinus with extension to the orbita. Under general anesthesia biopsies were taken. Based on histopathological analysis, a diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma was made. The patient did not accept the surgical therapy. The patient was treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient has done without evidence of recurrence or metastasis for one year. Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey. bernauslu@tnn.net Coskun Berna Uslu BU Cinar Ugur U Savk Hayati H Basak Tulay T Dadas Burhan B eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Female Humans Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms pathology radiography therapy Sarcoma, Ewing pathology radiography therapy 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218518 16218517 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2007 11 15

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Do citation classics in rhinology reflect utility rather than quality? 221-4 Citation rates have been suggested to be more of an indicator of utility than quality. The aim of this study was to apply measures of utility and quality to articles identified as citation classics in rhinology/anterior skull base surgery. There were 14 articles analysed in the study. The assessment of quality was performed by combining factors from previous publications on quality assessment and the various elements were categorised into four groups; quality of written article and publication, quality of research, quality of evidence-based methodology and quality of outcome. This study revealed that citation classics in rhinology/anterior skull base surgery were well-written and satisfied peer review in reputable journals in the specialty. Quality is satisfied by clarity of exposition and patient numbers. The research was generally asking an important question and the methodology overall was adequate and appropriate for the type of study performed. A good quality of research and outcome was demonstrated with a definite historical importance, and reports that stimulated further research and enquiry. Quality is not satisfied by the lack of randomised controlled trials, appropriate statistical analysis or patient criteria. In conclusion citation rates when considered as an individual measure, reflect utility rather than quality. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mid-Western Regional General Hospital, Limerick, Ireland. john.fenton@mailh.hse.ie Fenton J E JE O'Connor A A Ullah I I Ahmed I I Shaikh M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bibliometrics Humans Nose Diseases Otolaryngology Peer Review, Research Periodicals as Topic statistics & numerical data Reproducibility of Results Research Design Skull Base surgery 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218517 16218516 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2010 11 18

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal cytologies--impact of sampling method, repeated sampling and interobserver variability. 215-20 The influence of sampling technique, repeated sampling and the interobserver variability on quantitative analysis of nasal cytologies were explored. Nasal cytologies from 12 healthy and 4 allergic volunteers were repeatedly collected with a total of three different sampling techniques. Cells were demonstrated by May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining and by immunostaining for CD45 and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). To determine the interobserver variability specimens were evaluated by three observers with various levels of nasal cytology experience. When adjusted for the variability due to sampling method and repeated sampling, the staining index for CD45+ cells was 53.4 +/- 11% (interindividual coefficient of variation: 0.21) with an average intraindividual coefficient of variation of 0.14. For CD45, staining indices differed significantly between the washing techniques and the nasal swabs (p<0.01). Repeated sampling did significantly influence the staining indices of specimens collected with nasal swabs (p<0.05). Subjects with nasal allergy had less CD45+ cells in their nasal cytologies than the non-allergic subjects (p=0.02). A high level of compliance for the quantitative analysis of nasal cytologies between three observers was found (kappa(w) range 0.95-0.98). For studies that require repeated sampling, the lavage will be recommended as best suitable to obtain nasal cytologies. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Medical School, Ulm, Germany. tom.deutschle@medizin.uni-ulm.de Deutschle Tom T Friemel Ellen E Starnecker Karin K Riechelmann Herbert H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Case-Control Studies Cell Survival Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System Epithelial Cells physiology Humans Leukocyte Count Nasal Cavity pathology Nasal Lavage Fluid cytology Nasal Mucosa pathology Observer Variation Reproducibility of Results Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal pathology Specimen Handling methods Therapeutic Irrigation methods 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218516 16218515 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Ethnic variation in sinonasal anatomy on CT-scanning. 210-4 Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the paranasal sinuses provides valuable information in assessing extent of disease and fine detailed anatomy prior to endoscopic sinus surgery. Awareness of the different anatomic variants of the bony sinonasal anatomy will help the rhinologic surgeon's orientation during the procedure. We conducted a study to look at the incidence of the anatomic variation within the lateral wall of the nose and sinuses and to determine if there is any ethnic difference in these variants between a cohort of 100 Caucasian patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery in London and 100 Chinese patients treated in Hong Kong. We compared the two groups with chi-square test and the significant areas are those with p value of less than 0.05. The results show a higher incidence of pneumatisation of the middle turbinate (concha bullosa) and paradoxical bending of the middle turbinate in the Caucasian population. The infraorbital and suprabullar cell development was greater in the Caucasian population though the incidence of sphenoethmoidal cells was much greater in the Chinese population. When asymmetry of the anterior ethmoidal roof was considered, the left was consistently the highest in both groups, though there was no difference in the depth of the cribiform niche between right and left or between Caucasian and Chinese. The incidence of bent uncinate process and of complete absence of a sinus was higher in the Chinese population. There was no difference in the presence of pneumatisation of the agger nasi, of the uncinate process, or of the anterior clinoid process. There was no difference in the presence of septation adjoining the carotid in the lateral wall of sphenoid or in the exposure of the optic nerve within sphenoid or posterior ethmoid sinuses. Although there is no evidence that variants of the sinonasal anatomy seen on CT Scan have a causative effect in the disease process; a knowledge of their presence is paramount in minimising the potential for surgical complications. The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Lydia.Badia@royalfree.nhs.uk Badia Lydia L Lund Valerie J VJ Wei William W Ho W K WK eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Asian Continental Ancestry Group Carotid Arteries radiography Cohort Studies European Continental Ancestry Group Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose radiography Optic Nerve radiography Paranasal Sinus Diseases ethnology radiography surgery Skull radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218515 16218514 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of decongestive capacity of xylometazoline and pseudoephedrine with rhinomanometry and MRI. 205-9 Topical and systemic sympathicomimetics have been used for many years as a treatment of nasal congestion in diseases such as coryza and sinusitis. The aim of this study was to perform an objective measurement of the decongestive capacity of topical xylometazoline and oral pseudoephedrine in normal subjects and patients with chronic sinusitis. Ten healthy subjects and 10 patients with chronic sinusitis were included in this study. Xylometazoline (0.1%) and pseudoephedrine (120 mg) were each administered to 5 healthy subjects and to 5 patients with chronic sinusitis. Decongestion was measured with active anterior rhinomanometry before, 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after administration. Before and about 90 minutes after drug administration a MRI was performed to visualize the decongestive effect on the turbinates and the mucosa of the sinuses. Xylometazoline reduces the nasal airway resistance for an average 37.3% in all patients and healthy subjects during 8 hours. Pseudoephedrine does not show a clear and long lasting decongestive effect on the turbinates. Important interindividual differences are also noted. MRI clearly shows a clear cut superiority of xylometazoline over pseudoephedrine concerning decongestion of the nasal mucosa. However, there was no decongestive effect whatsoever on the mucosa of the sinuses with either sympathicomimetic. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. Caenen M M Hamels K K Deron P P Clement P P eng Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Sympathomimetics 299-42-3 Ephedrine 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Administration, Oral Administration, Topical Airway Resistance physiology Chronic Disease Ephedrine administration & dosage therapeutic use Female Humans Imidazoles administration & dosage therapeutic use Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage therapeutic use Respiratory Mucosa pathology physiopathology Rhinomanometry Sinusitis drug therapy pathology physiopathology Sympathomimetics administration & dosage therapeutic use Turbinates pathology 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218514 16218513 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of antigen-induced leukotriene and histamine release from nasal scrapings in allergic rhinitis. 199-204 In the early phase response of allergic rhinitis, the nasal mucosa produces important mediators including histamine and leukotrienes. To investigate the relationship between antigen-induced leukotriene release and histamine secretion in nasal scrapings. Using nasal mucosal scrapings from patients sensitized to only house dust mite, we studied the time course of antigen-induced leukotriene release and its relationship to histamine release. Cumulative peptydyl leukotriene (LT) production from nasal scrapings increased from 10 min to approximately 90 min following exposure to mite antigen. The rate of LT release was small (<5 pg/10 min) until 10 min following antigen exposure, increased to approximately 250 to 350 pg LT/10 min from 10 to 45 min post exposure, was reduced to <100 pg/10 min by 60 to 150 min, and by 180 min LT production was negligible. By contrast, histamine secretion began 30 sec after antigen exposure and was complete within approximately 10 min. Net antigen-induced LT secretion strongly correlated (R=0.72) with net antigen induced histamine secretion with a ratio of 1:8.7. In addition, net LT/ng histamine and total LT secretion correlated well with antigen-specific IgE in serum, and with the patients' symptoms. There is a close relationship between amounts of histamine and LT secretion from antigen challenged nasal mucosa, although the time course of LT release is delayed. In the early phase response, LT are likely to be generated from mucosal mast cells, and thus, mast cell activation will provide an important therapeutic target. Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon medical School, Second Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. Kunitomo Mayumi M Otsuka Hirokuni H eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antigens, Dermatophagoides 0 Histamine Antagonists 0 Leukotrienes 0 Pyridines 0 Pyrimidinones 69372-19-6 pemirolast IM Adolescent Adult Antigens, Dermatophagoides immunology Child Female Histamine Antagonists pharmacology Histamine Release drug effects physiology Humans Leukotrienes secretion Male Mast Cells drug effects Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Pyridines pharmacology Pyrimidinones pharmacology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology metabolism Time Factors Tissue Culture Techniques 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218513 16218512 2005 10 12 2006 01 03

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Mucosal immunity of nasopharynx: an experimental study in TCR-transgenic (OVA23-3) mice. 190-8 The ideal vaccine therapy has been warranted for activation of the mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract against various types of microbial infection. However, the precise study in regard to the mucosal route of vaccine administration and its mechanism of action remains to be further investigated. Therefore, to better understand the exact mechanism of nasopharyngeal mucosal immunology, from T-cell aspects, the antigen-specific antibody response was investigated in T cell receptor transgenic (OVA23-3) mice (Tg-mice) and wild type BALB/c mice, in comparison, which were stimulated with repeated nasal antigen challenges of ovalbumin (OVA) together with cholera toxin (CT) or OVA alone. OVA-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were not detected in nasal washings of BALB/c mice when these mice were intranasally stimulated with OVA alone. But they were detected in those of BALB/c mice stimulated with OVA and CT, as we have already reported. Interestingly, OVA-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly higher in nasal washings of Tg-mice stimulated with OVA and CT or OVA alone rather than those of BALB/c mice stimulated with OVA and CT. In line with data of the antibody response, OVA-specific IgA and IgG antibody-producing cells significantly increased in number in nasal passage (NP), nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue (NALT), cervical lymph node (CLN), and spleen (SP) of these mice. In nasal washings of Tg-mice, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 was detected even with a small amount of antigen. To see the cytokine profile of NALT, NP, CLN, and SP of these mice, various cytokine concentrations were measured in supernatants of these cells cultured in vitro with OVA. As a result, IFN-gamma was detected at significantly higher levels in culture supernatants of lymphocytes sampled from NP, CLN, SP as well as NALT of mice having increased antibody titers in nasal washings. On the other hand, Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 were efficiently detected in culture supernatants of NP, CLN, and SP cells from Tg-mice mice, but not in those from NALT cells of those mice. All these data taken together indicate that helper T cells recruited into nasal mucosa and locally activated in an antigen-specific fashion, as well as NALT T cells, are essential for mounting local antigen-specific antibody responses. Department of Otolaryngology, Shimane University, Izumo City, Japan. Yamada Takaya T Kataoka Shingo S Ogasawara Keiko K Ishimitsu Ryotaro R Hashigucci Kazuhiro K Suzuki Tatsuo T Kawauchi Hideyuki H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cytokines 0 Immunoglobulin A 0 Immunoglobulin G 9006-59-1 Ovalbumin 9012-63-9 Cholera Toxin IM Animals B-Lymphocytes physiology Cholera Toxin immunology Cytokines metabolism Genes, T-Cell Receptor Immunity, Mucosal physiology Immunoglobulin A metabolism Immunoglobulin G metabolism Lymph Nodes metabolism pathology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Transgenic Nasal Cavity immunology metabolism pathology Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry cytology Nasal Mucosa immunology metabolism pathology Nasopharynx immunology metabolism pathology Neck Ovalbumin immunology Spleen metabolism pathology 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218512 16218511 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2011 11 17

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Determination of reactive oxygen species in nasal polyps. 185-9 A strong relationship between tissue damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been established by previous studies. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the presence of ROS in nasal polyps (NP) by measuring luminol and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence (CL). Three groups of specimens were studied. Group 1 composed of NPs of 15 patients, and group 2 constituted of healthy appearing nonpolypoid nasal mucosa of the same patients. Group 3 specimens (control group) were obtained from 15 patients who underwent septoplasty and/or inferior turbinectomy operations, and detected to be free of rhinosinusitis. None of the patients had a history of allergy, asthma, or aspirin sensitivity, and all patients showed negative results to a skin prick test. The ROS levels were measured directly with luminol and lucigenin amplified CL. CL measurements revealed significant differences between ROS constituents of NP (group 1) and control (group 3) tissue samples. CL measurements of healthy appearing nonpolypoid nasal mucosa (group 2) of the NP patients revealed values that were scattered between the values of the other two groups. Although insignificant, ROS levels of the nonpolypoid nasal mucosa (group 2) were found to be higher than normal controls (group 3). In this study, ROS levels of NP tissue samples were directly measured. In our study, by measuring high ROS levels in NP samples, a strong relationship between tissue damage in NPs and ROS has been demonstrated, and the contribution of ROS in the pathophysiology of nasal polyposis has been emphasized. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. ozturkmarmara@hotmail.com Uneri Cüneyed C Oztürk Ozmen O Polat Senol S Yüksel Meral M Haklar Goncagül G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Acridines 0 Indicators and Reagents 0 Reactive Oxygen Species 2315-97-1 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 521-31-3 Luminol IM Acridines Adult Case-Control Studies Female Humans Indicators and Reagents Luminescent Measurements Luminol diagnostic use Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism Nasal Polyps metabolism Oxygen Consumption physiology Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218511 16218510 2005 10 12 2006 01 03

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Site of origin of nasal polyps: relevance to pathogenesis and management. 180-4 The site of origin of sino-nasal polyps was documented in 113 consecutive patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). These patients were assigned pre-operatively to 4 clinical groups according to the out-patient recorded endoscopic appearance of their nasal cavities; chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSS) n=35, grade 1 polyps n=28, grade 2 polyps n=30 and grade 3 polyps n=20. In the group of patients diagnosed with polyps pre-operatively, 97.4% had polyps originating in the anterior ethmoid complex, of which 89.7% had polyps originating in the anterior ethmoidal cells and over 60% had polyps specifically originating from each of the following sites: the uncinate or infundibulum, the posterior ethmoid sinus, the frontal recess and the face of the bulla ethmoidalis. In the group diagnosed pre-operatively as CRSS without polyps, polyps were found in 60% of patients within the sinuses during surgery. In summary, our findings suggest that polyps originate from the middle meatus, and may be found at surgery when undetectable at pre-operative endoscopy. ENT Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, United Kingdom. Andrews A E AE Bryson J M JM Rowe-Jones J M JM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Polyps etiology pathology surgery Paranasal Sinuses pathology Rhinitis complications pathology surgery Severity of Illness Index Sinusitis complications pathology surgery 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218510 16218509 2005 10 12 2006 01 03

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Consensus report on acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry. 169-79 With respect to acoustic rhinometry, new elements concern the problems related to the interpretation of the minimal cross-sectional area, and the presentation of a protocol for a multinational study, which aims to define a normal nose. Also, the previously issued recommendations for standardisation for technical specifications and standard operating procedures are briefly reviewed. For rhinomanometry, new insights into the field of fluid dynamics are highlighted, as well as their repercussion on more recent graphical representations for active anterior rhinomanometry such as four phases rhinomanometry and resistometry. For acoustic rhinometry as well as rhinomanometry, a more stringent standardisation of decongestive procedures is suggested. ENT Department, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Clement P A R PA Gordts F F Standardisation Committee on Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway, IRS, and ERS eng Consensus Development Conference Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose Diseases diagnosis physiopathology Reproducibility of Results Rhinomanometry methods standards Rhinometry, Acoustic methods standards 28 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218509 16218508 2005 10 12 2006 01 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology An update on the impact of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis. 162-8 Nasal polyps in adults, characterized by abundant eosinophils, local overproduction of immunoglobulin E, and often associated with asthma, have been appreciated as an eosinophilic inflammation, potentially of allergic origin, but unrelated to a bacterial impact. Evidence accumulates, however, that Staphylococcus aureus colonizes chronic rhinosinusitis with, but not without polyps, with significantly increased prevalence. The germs release enterotoxins, which act as superantigens and induce a topical multiclonal IgE-formation as well as a severe, possibly steroid-insensitive eosinophilic inflammation. Recently, S. aureus could be demonstrated to reside intraepithelially, and potentially to release superantigens into the tissue from within the epithelial cells. An immune defect, either in the innate or adaptive immunity, might be responsible for this phenomenon. Follicle-like structures and lymphocyte accumulations, specifically binding enterotoxins, can be found within the polyp tissues, giving rise to local IgE formation. The superantigen-induced immune response also leads to a modulation of the severity of the eosinophilic inflammation, and may be linked to lower airway co-morbidity in polyp patients. Interestingly, IgE antibodies to enterotoxins can be found in the majority of aspirin-sensitive polyp tissues, associated with a substantial increase in ECP and IL-5. The possible role of S. aureus enterotoxins in polyp disease in Europe, the US and Asia has meanwhile been supported by several studies, demonstrating the presence of IgE antibodies to enterotoxins and inflammatory consequences in nasal polyp tissue. First studies also point to an involvement of S. aureus derived enterotoxins in lower airway disease, such as severe asthma and exacerbated COPD, clearly suggesting a clinical need for diagnosis and treatment of the germ and its related effects. Therapeutic approaches are so far empirical, and need further study, also serving to proof the clinical relevance of the concept. ENT-Department, University Hospital Ghent, Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent, Belgium. Zhang N N Gevaert P P van Zele T T Perez-Novo C C Patou J J Holtappels G G van Cauwenberge P P Bachert C C eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Enterotoxins IM Rhinology. 2005 Sep;43(3):161 16218507 Chronic Disease Enterotoxins immunology Humans Nasal Polyps etiology therapy Sinusitis etiology therapy Staphylococcus aureus immunology pathogenicity 55 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218508 16218507 2005 10 12 2006 01 03

0300-0729 43 3 2005 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Cause or effect of increased inflammation? 161 Fokkens Wytske W eng Comment Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2005 Sep;43(3):162-8 16218508 Humans Nasal Polyps microbiology Rhinitis microbiology Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity 2005 10 13 9 0 2006 1 4 9 0 2005 10 13 9 0 ppublish 16218507 15844507 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2007 11 15

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Meeting of the General Assembly of ERS: Istanbul, June 23, 2004. 74-6 Ingels K K eng News

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Congresses as Topic Europe Nose Diseases Societies, Medical 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844507 15844506 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2011 11 17

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor (MSP) of the nasal septum clinically mimicking Kaposi's sarcoma: case report. 70-1 Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor (MSP) is a rare benign lesion characterised by local proliferation of spindle--shaped histiocytes containing acid--fast atypical mycobacteria, clinically resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Most cases of MSP reported so far affected immunodeficient patients or patients receiving immunosuppressive medication. We report a case of MSP affecting the nasal septum of a 76-year-old man, a location that has not been published so far concerning the manifestation of MSP. In conclusion, our case report points toward MSP as a very rare pseudomalignant lesion that should be included into deliberations concerning the differential diagnosis of circumscribed expansile nodular proliferations of the nasal septum clinically mimicking Kaposis's sarcoma or other mesenchymal neoplasms. Department of Pathology, Carl - Thiem - Klinikum Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany. S.Gunia@ctk.de Gunia S S Behrens M H MH Stosiek P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pathology Nasal Septum Nose Diseases pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology Sarcoma, Kaposi pathology 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844506 15844505 2005 04 22 2006 02 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal septum giant pyogenic granuloma after a long lasting nasal intubation: case report. 66-9 The authors present a case of Pyogenic Granuloma (PG) arising from the nasal septum in the posterior nasal cavity of a patient male sex, caucasian, 32 years old, with a previous history of cranioencephalic trauma, several neurosurgeries for different subsequent neurological problems and the use of a nasogastric tube for feeding (nasal intubation) during 30 days. He underwent surgery in St. Vincent de Paul Hospital (Rio de Janeiro) on May 18, 1993, for the tumor removal and straightening of the nasal septum. Under endoscopic guidance the complete excision of the tumor mass was perfectly done thanks to the excellent exposure of the lesion, provided by the enlarged telescopic view, and the wide access afforded by the septum straighttening plus the cartilaginous septum mobilization through the maxilla-premaxilla approach of Cottle, allied to the lateralization and volume reduction of the right inferior nasal concha, simultaneously performed, thus making lateral rhinotomy or "degloving" unnecessary. The patient is until now (2004) completely free of the lesion operated on. This is the first report in the literature of such a lesion associated to nasal intubation as the triggering agent. ENT Sect., Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. rmnevespinto@bol.com.br Neves-Pinto Roberto M RM Carvalho Adolpho A Araujo Elizabeth E Alberto Carlos C Basilio-De-Oliveira De Carvalho Gustavo Adolpho GA eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Granuloma, Pyogenic etiology Humans Intubation, Gastrointestinal adverse effects Male Nasal Septum Nose Diseases etiology Time Factors 26 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844505 15844504 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Expression of somatostatin receptors in arginine vasopressin hormone-secreting olfactory neuroblastoma--report of two cases. 61-5 Arginine vasopressin hormone-secreting olfactory neuroblastomas are extremely rare, with fewer than twenty cases reported in the literature. Two of these cases, both initially presenting with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, are presented. The second tumour was successfully identified using somatostatin receptor (octreotide) radiographic scintography. The pathological specimens from both cases were examined immunohistochemically for somatostatin receptors. Samples from both cases demonstrated positivity for somatostatin receptors. This report demonstrates the potential use of somatastatin analogues in the investigation, follow-up and treatment of patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK. Freeman S R M SR Mitra S S Malik T H TH Flanagan P P Selby P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Receptors, Somatostatin 113-79-1 Arginine Vasopressin IM Adult Arginine Vasopressin secretion Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory metabolism secretion Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Nose Neoplasms metabolism secretion Receptors, Somatostatin biosynthesis 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844504 15844503 2005 04 22 2006 02 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Study on the reproducibility of the Waters' views of the maxillary sinuses. 55-60 This study intended to investigate the reproducibility of the Waters' view for maxillary sinusitis and to define its place in clinical practice. Radiographs of 80 maxillary sinuses of patients with suspected acute sinusitis were read by 6 radiologists, 6 ENT surgeons, 6 general practitioners (GPs). Interobserver agreement was calculated using the kappa statistic. Agreement was good (kappa = 0.63; 95% CI 0.58-0.68) between radiologists when the criteria used to define acute sinusitis were "important mucosal swelling, air-fluid level or complete opacity". When the criteria "air-fluid level or complete opacity" were used, agreement was fair (kappa 0.39; 95% CI 0.35-0.44). Between ENT-surgeons kappas were respectively 0.58 (95% CI 0.53-0.63) and 0.37 (95% CI 0.32-0.42). Between GPs kappas were respectively 0.30 (95% CI 0.25-0.35) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.23-0.33). The reproducibility of Waters' views of the maxillary sinuses is best when the interpretation is performed by radiologists or ENT surgeons, and when criteria for sinusitis are: important mucosal swelling, air fluid level or complete opacity. The good interobserver agreement combined with the known high negative predictive value of these diagnostic criteria makes the Waters' view only useful for ruling out acute sinusitis. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium. an.desutter@UGent.be De Sutter An A Spee Ruud R Peersman Wim W De Meyere Marc M Van Cauwenberge Paul P Verstraete Koenraad K De Maeseneer Jan J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Maxillary Sinusitis radiography Observer Variation Reproducibility of Results 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844503 15844502 2005 04 22 2006 02 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Symptomatic and pathophysiological observations in a modified animal model of allergic rhinitis. 47-54 There are many animal models for studying allergic rhinitis. However, they either need a too long establishment period or fail to show significant late allergic responses. In the model described in this paper, guinea pigs were sensitized and challenged intranasally with ovalbumin according to a modified protocol. As controls, antihistamine-treatment and non-sensitized, non-treatment groups were studied in parallel. Early and late symptoms, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivities, pathological changes in nasal mucosa and nasal lavage fluid (NLF), and histamine, TXB2 and p-LTs levels in NLF were evaluated. In contrast to the control groups, the model group exhibited typical symptoms, including late phase nasal blockage, and increased levels of IgG1 and IgE. Considerable eosinophil infiltration and eNOS immunoreactivities in nasal mucosa, and increased levels of histamine, TXB2 and p-LTs in NLF were also observed. This model was not only capable of showing satisfactory symptomatic and pathophysiological changes in allergic rhinitis but also showed good responses to antihistamine treatment. The model can be established in six weeks. For the first time, respiratory rate was employed as an index to reflect the nasal blockage of guinea pigs and it proved to be a reliable indicator. The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong. Zhao Y Y Woo John K S JK Leung P C PC Chen George G GG Wong Y O YO Liu S X SX van Hasselt C Andrew CA eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Disease Models, Animal Guinea Pigs Respiration Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis physiopathology Time Factors 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844502 15844501 2005 04 22 2006 02 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Natural history and control of epistaxis in a group of German patients with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. 40-6 Epistaxis is the most common symptom of a complex, genetically determined vasculopathy, which is known under the notion hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT, Rendu-Osler-Weber-syndrome). This study was initiated to gain more knowledge about the natural history of epistaxis in a German HHT-population. Data of 49 HHT patients were ascertained by interviewing these patients with a standardized disease specific questionnaire. Patients' files were retrospectively reviewed for data concerning age, gender, past medical history, laboratory parameters, number of hospital admissions for epistaxis, conservative and operative types of therapy, treatment results and follow-up. Epistaxis was the first and most prominent symptom in 93% of the patients and could be triggered most frequently by stress. Half of the patients had experienced first episodes of epistaxis in childhood, but usually epistaxis did not become troublesome before the age of 35 years. The effects of hormonal changes or therapies with systemic hormones were inconclusive with regard to impact on epistaxis. Patients with septal perforations had to be admitted for inpatient epistaxis treatment more frequently than patients with an intact nasal septum. An overall reduction of frequency and intensity of epistaxis could be achieved in 89% of the patients through the daily use of nasal lubricants and a minimum of two treatment sessions with the Nd:YAG laser. However in none of the cases the treatment results were permanent. More than 50% of the patients, who had been screened for visceral arteriovenous malformations, were positive for pathologic vascular lesions. The natural history of epistaxis in German HHT patients is similar to previously described entities from other parts of the world. First clinical signs of HHT may be present at an earlier age than previously thought. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany. folz@med.uni-marburg.de Folz Benedikt J BJ Tennie Julia J Lippert Burkard M BM Werner Jochen A JA eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Epistaxis etiology prevention & control Female Germany Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844501 15844500 2005 04 22 2006 02 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Paranasal sinus fungus ball and surgery: a review of 175 cases. 34-9 To analyze the surgical results after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) in patients with paranasal sinus fungus ball. Retrospective analysis of the results of FESS performed in 175 patients suffering from paranasal sinus fungus balls. All maxillary (n = 150), sphenoidal (n = 20), and ethmoidal (n = 4) locations have been treated exclusively by FESS to obtain a wide opening of the affected sinuses, allowing a careful extraction of all fungal material without removal of the inflamed mucous membrane. No major complication occurred. Postoperative care was reduced to nasal lavage with topical steroids for 3 to 6 weeks. Only 1 case of local failure have been observed (maxillary sinus, n = 1), and 6 cases of persisting of fungus ball (maxillary sinus, n = 4; frontal sinus, n = 2) with a mean follow-up of 5 years. No medical treatment (antibiotic, antifungal) was required. Surgical treatment of a fungus ball consists in opening the infected sinus cavity at the level of its ostium and removing fungal concretions while sparing the normal mucosa. No antifungal therapy is required. Finally, through this 175 patients study, FESS appears a reliable and safe surgical treatment with a low morbidity. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery Centre, Hospitalo-Universitaire, Poitiers, BP 577- 86021 Poitiers, France. Dufour Xavier X Kauffmann-Lacroix Catherine C Ferrie Jean-Claude JC Goujon Jean-Michel JM Rodier Marie-Helene MH Karkas Alexandre A Klossek Jean-Michel JM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mycoses surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Retrospective Studies 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844500 15844499 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2008 11 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Dynamics of airborne pollen particles from inhalation to allergic reaction in the nose. 29-33 Pollinosis is common worldwide, and has been frequently studied. However, the intranasal dynamics of pollen grains have not yet been documented. The purpose of this study is to elucidate for the first time the dynamics of Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) in the human nose at consecutive steps from inhalation to allergic reaction together with release of Cry j 1 (a major allergenic component of JCP) in the nose. A personal sampler collected airborne pollens at head height outdoor on the street, while intranasal pollens after natural or experimental inhalation were collected by irrigation with 200ml saline. Cry j 1 in the supernatant after in vitro incubation with phosphate buffered saline or lavage was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Head-height pollen was 183.0 +/- 43.1/300L/h, with 99% of the inhaled pollens deposited on the nasal surface. Eighty eight% of the inhaled pollen was transported to the out-side of the nose by ciliary function within 3 hours. During this process, considerable amounts of Cry j 1 were released in the nose reaching its plateau within 30 min. When the number of pollen deposited exceeded more than approximately 65 particles, symptoms may occur, leading presumably up to a 74% reduction of the intra-nasal pollen. The majority of inhaled airborne pollens was deposited on the nasal mucosal surface and moved out from the nose by mucociliary transportation. During this process, when allergenic substances are released up to a critical concentration, allergic reactions occur leading to expelling of pollen from the nose followed by subsiding of the symptoms. Japan Allergy & Asthma Clinic, Tokyo, Japan. mok655nms.ac.jp@nifty.com Okuda M M Ohkubo K K Gotoh M M Hiroshima K K Ishida Y Y Hori K K eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Air Female Humans Hypersensitivity etiology Inhalation Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity immunology Physical Phenomena Physics Pollen 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844499 15844498 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2008 11 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Numerical simulation of intranasal air flow and temperature after resection of the turbinates. 24-8 Radical surgical resection of the turbinates leads to a reduced intranasal air conditioning. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of turbinate resection on intranasal heating and airflow patterns using a numerical simulation. A bilateral model of the human nose with resection of the turbinates on one side based on a CT-scan was reconstructed. A numerical simulation applying the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver Fluent 6.1.22 was performed displaying inspiratory intranasal air temperature and airflow patterns. Due to resection of the turbinates the airflow pattern is disturbed resulting in a spacious vortex throughout the entire nasal cavity. Hence, contact between air and surrounding nasal wall is less intense. Consequently, intranasal heating of the inspired air is relevantly reduced. Surgical resection of the turbinates leads to a disturbed intranasal air conditioning. The presented numerical simulation demonstrates the close relation between airflow patterns and heating. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. joerg.lindemann@medizin.uni-ulm.de Lindemann Joerg J Keck Tilman T Wiesmiller Kerstin M KM Rettinger Gerhard G Brambs Hans-Juergen HJ Pless Daniela D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Body Temperature Computer Simulation Models, Anatomic Respiratory Physiological Phenomena Turbinates physiology surgery 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844498 15844497 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nitric oxide production in the sphenoidal sinus by the inducible and constitutive isozymes of nitric oxide synthase. 18-23 To study the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the presence of different isoforms of the NO-synthesising enzyme, NO-synthase (NOS), in the paranasal sinus. Ten patients, undergoing surgery for pituitary adenoma, were examined for the presence of NO gas in the sphenoidal and maxillary sinus. The distribution of different NOS isozymes in mucosal biopsies from sphenoid and maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells was studied. The mean concentration of NO was 2575 ppb in the sphenoidal sinus and 6792 ppb in the maxillary sinus. Morphological analyses revealed intense NADPH-diaphorase staining throughout the epithelium. Immunoreactivity against NOS2 (inducible NOS) was observed in the apical cell layer but not of the basal layer. NOS1 (neuronal NOS)-immunoreactivity was mainly seen in the subapical part of the epithelium and NOS3 (endothelial NOS)-immunoreactivity was observed only in the most apical part of the epithelium. NO concentration in the sphenoidal sinus is about the same as in the nasal cavity and approximately half of the concentration found in the maxillary sinus. All of the three main different isozymes of NOS can be demonstrated in the mucosa of the sphenoidal and maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells, NOS2 being the most abundant isoform. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Petruson K K Stalfors J J Jacobsson K E KE Ny L L Petruson B B eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Isoenzymes 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide EC 1.14.13.39 Nitric Oxide Synthase IM Adolescent Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Isoenzymes Male Maxillary Sinus enzymology metabolism Middle Aged Nitric Oxide biosynthesis Nitric Oxide Synthase metabolism Sphenoid Sinus enzymology metabolism 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844497 15844496 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Correlation between the cytology of the nasal middle meatus and BAL in chronic rhinosinusitis. 11-7 The relation between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and the associated lower airways involvement is not clear yet. In this context, the aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the correlation between middle meatal lavage (MML) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology in adult CRS patients. Based on clinical history and pulmonary function changes, CRS patients were divided into three subgroups: asthma, small airway disease (SAD) and normal lower airway (NLA) subgroups. Preoperatively, 50 MMLs and 25 BALs were performed in 25 CRS patients scheduled for FESS. At 1000X power microscopic magnifications, 48 MML and 24 BAL cytospin slides were examined for total and differential cell counts (DCC). This study showed that eosinophils were the dominant inflammatory cells in MMLs of the asthma subgroup and were significantly correlated to FEVI (p = 0.042) and Tiffineau index (p = 0.037). On the other hand, neutrophils were the dominant inflammatory cells in MMLs of the SAD subgroup and significantly correlated to FEF75% and Tiffinau index (p = 0.013 and p = 0.012 respectively). There was no significant correlation between MML and BAL cell differential counts in CRS patients (p > 0.05). The data showed that the lower airways involvement in CRS patients could be related to the dominant type of inflammatory cells in the upper airways. ENT Department, Brussels Academic Hospital, University of Brussels (AZ-VUB), Brussels, Belgium. ahmedragab2000@hotmail.com Ragab Ahmed A Clement Peter P Vincken Walter W eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology Prospective Studies Rhinitis complications pathology Sinusitis complications pathology 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844496 15844495 2005 04 22 2006 02 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Functional endoscopic sinus surgery: 5 year follow up and results of a prospective, randomised, stratified, double-blind, placebo controlled study of postoperative fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray. 2-10 One hundred nine patients with chronic rhinosinusitis underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Seventy seven patients had polyposis. The population was studied prospectively for 5 years postoperatively. Seventy two patients attended the 5 year follow-up visit. At 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of follow-up all outcome measures except olfactory detection thresholds (visual analogue scores, endoscopic findings, nasal mucociliary clearance times, total nasal volumes) were significantly improved compared to preoperative baseline values. Olfactory detection thresholds were significantly improved at 1 and 2 years postoperation. Patient symptom scores were improved in a greater percentage of patients than more objective outcome measures. Thirty eight patients required a total of 88 postoperative rescue medication courses with prednisolone and antibiotic. Twelve patients failed the study as they required at least 1 rescue medication course a month for 2 consecutive months. We demonstrated an 89% 5 year "survival" rate with regards to the risk of failure. The patients were also entered into a randomised, stratified, prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray 200 mcg twice daily, commencing 6 weeks after FESS, with a 5 year follow-up. The change in overall visual analogue score was significantly better in the FPANS group at 5 years. The changes in endoscopic oedema and polyp scores and in total nasal volumes were significantly better in the FPANS group at 4 years but not 5 years. Last value carried forward analysis demonstrated that changes in endoscopic polyp score and in total nasal volume was significantly better in the FPANS group at 5 years. Significantly more prednisolone rescue medication courses were prescribed in the placebo group. Of the 12 patients who failed the study, 10 were in the placebo group. This difference nearly achieved significance. Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck / Facial Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom. Rowe-Jones Julian M JM Medcalf Mark M Durham Stephen R SR Richards David H DH Mackay Ian S IS eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Solutions 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols Androstadienes administration & dosage Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Double-Blind Method Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Postoperative Care Prospective Studies Rhinitis complications drug therapy surgery Sinusitis complications drug therapy surgery Solutions Time Factors 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844495 15844494 2005 04 22 2006 02 21

0300-0729 43 1 2005 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Evidence based diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. 1 Fokkens Wytske W eng Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Rhinitis diagnosis therapy Sinusitis diagnosis therapy 2005 4 23 9 0 2006 2 24 9 0 2005 4 23 9 0 ppublish 15844494 16008075 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal removal of a large ethmoidal cementoblastoma. 156-8 Cementoblastoma is a benign tumour, which pertains to the family of fibro osseous lesions of the jaws. A small number of clinical reports of cementum containing tumours locating in the paranasal sinuses have been published during the last three decades. Ethmoidal cementomas often attain a large size; they can destroy surrounding bone, invade the orbit and the skull base and usually require radical surgery for complete excision. We present a new case of a large cementoblastoma located in the left posterior ethmoid in the close vicinity of the optic nerve canal. In the 40-year old woman, endoscopic endonasal computer-assisted surgery allowed for complete tumour removal. No intraoperative damage to the orbit and the optic nerve occurred. No residual tumour was found at the follow-up visit three years after the surgery. ENT-department, Central Hospital, Presidential Medical Centre, Moscow, Russia. asl@cch.pmc.ru Lopatin Andrey S AS Kapitanov Dmitry N DN eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Odontogenic Tumors surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Surgery, Computer-Assisted 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008075 16008074 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to non-invasive sphenoid aspergillosis. 152-5 The sphenoid localization of aspergillosis is a rare sinusal disease, often latent or asymptomatic. The neurological complications are the result of invasive forms occurring in most cases for the immunocompromised or diabetic patients. Nevertheless, non-invasive sphenoid aspergillosis may cause also several complications and affect the vital prognosis of nonimmunocompromised patients. This report is about two cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to a non-invasive sphenoid aspergillosis. The authors refer to the clinical and radiological findings and therapeutic approach of this rare complication. Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Unit of Endoscopic Functionnal Sinus Surgery, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France. arnaud.deveze@orl.net Devèze A A Facon F F Latil G G Moulin G G Payan-Cassin H H Dessi P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aspergillosis complications Aspergillus fumigatus isolation & purification Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis etiology Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Middle Aged Sphenoid Sinus microbiology Sphenoid Sinusitis microbiology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Video-Assisted Surgery 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008074 16008073 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2006 04 24

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology About an unique case of embryocarcinoma with nasal onset. 146-51 Primary extragonadal germ cell tumours (PEGCT) are rare neoplasms with generally poor prognosis, different behavior, and natural course compared to their gonadal counterparts. Both primary and salvage treatment of these tumours constitute a challenge. Embryocarcinoma (EC) constitutes one of the subtypes of germ cell tumours. Its site of primary onset can either be gonadal or extragonadal, more frequent in infancy and childhood, the sacral and cranial regions being the most affected, while gonadal sites (ovary and testis) are more frequently involved in childhood. The authors observed a case of EC with nasal onset in a young male, never reported before in the literature. The patient underwent 6 courses of chemotherapy and further surgery by means of an endoscopic approach, without postsurgical sequelae. A 5-years follow-up, with periodic controls, laboratory tests and imaging, all without signs of recurrence, confirmed that this unusual location of EC responded exclusively to primary chemotherapy, while earlier studies proved EC being responsive, in other sites of onset, to a combination of chemotherapy, radical surgical excision of the neoplasm, and radiotherapy. Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica dell'Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy. cobozz@tin.it Bozzo Corrado C Stomeo Francesco F Meloni Francesco F Lubelli Antonio A Profili Stefano S eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use Biopsy Carcinoma, Embryonal diagnosis Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus surgery Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nose Neoplasms diagnosis Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008073 16008072 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Conchopexy suture to prevent middle turbinate lateralisation and septal haematoma after endoscopic sinus surgery. 143-5 Endoscopic ethmoidectomy is now one of the commonest surgical procedures performed by ear, nose and throat surgeons. Access to the ethmoid air cells is via the middle meatus following medialisation of the middle turbinate and uncinectomy. The most satisfactory postoperative results are achieved by maintaining patency of the middle meatus. This allows delivery of topical medication and sinus aeration. Spontaneous lateralisation of the middle turbinate during the healing period, with or without synechiae, can compromise the surgical benefit. This paper describes a conchopexy suture placed at completion of ethmoidectomy. A carefully placed yet simple suture technique will maintain a widely patent middle meatus during the phase of post-operative healing. A slight modification allows quilting of mucoperichondrial flaps after septal surgery. Department of Otolaryngology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, United Kingdom. DrRKBhalla@doctors.org.uk Bhalla R K RK Kaushik V V de Carpentier J J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage surgery Endoscopy methods Epistaxis prevention & control Ethmoid Sinus surgery Hematoma prevention & control Humans Nasal Septum surgery Suture Techniques Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery Wound Healing physiology 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008072 16008071 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Rapid maxillary expansion and nasal patency in children with Down syndrome. 138-42 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common aneuploid disorder at birth. The life expectancy of persons with DS has improved over the last forty years and is now at about sixty years. Phenotypic characteristics include general hypotonia, maxillary hypoplasia with a small oral cavity and a somewhat larger appearing tongue, frequent constricted maxillary arch, nasal obstruction and others. This prospective study assesses the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal patency of children with DS, using acoustic rhinometry (AR). Twenty four children with DS, aged 5 to 12 years, had been randomly allocated to the RME and control groups. AR was performed to these individuals prior to expansion, approximately one month after, post maximal expansion, and after a 5 months period of retention. The data between the two groups were compared. Rapid maxillary expansion produced a significant augmentation of nasal volume in children who had been treated (p < 0.05) compared to the control group; these results were stable through the period of retention. Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital São João, University of Porto Medical School, Portugal. cmoura@med.up.pt de Moura Carla Pinto CP Vales Fernando F Andrade David D Cunha Luís Miguel LM Barros Henrique H Pueschel Siegfried M SM Clemente M Pais MP eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Child, Preschool Down Syndrome complications Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Malocclusion complications therapy Maxilla pathology Nasal Cavity pathology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis therapy Orthodontic Appliances Orthodontic Retainers Palatal Expansion Technique instrumentation Prospective Studies Rhinometry, Acoustic 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008071 16008070 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Conservative management of epistaxis: are we putting patients at risk of developing venous thromboembolic complications? 135-7 A retrospective study of 1585 patients, admitted with epistaxis to a busy District General Hospital in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2000, was undertaken in order to identify the relationship between hospital admission for epistaxis and the development of a venous thromboembolic event. Only one person (0.06%) developed pulmonary embolus (PE) within 6 weeks of hospital admission. No one developed a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This compares with the incidence of DVT and fatal PE in the general population. In our study population, the incidence of both PE and DVT was found to be no greater than that seen within the community and certainly less than the incidence seen within a group of high risk hospitalised patients. We conclude that hospital admission for epistaxis does not place the patient at increased risk of thromboembolic disease. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom. Karagama Y G YG Anari S S Lancaster J L JL Karkanevatos A A Jones T M TM Sherman I W IW eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over England epidemiology Epistaxis epidemiology therapy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Length of Stay statistics & numerical data Male Middle Aged Patient Admission statistics & numerical data Pulmonary Embolism epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Thromboembolism epidemiology Venous Thrombosis epidemiology 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008070 16008069 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Decreasing nasal mucus Ca++ improves hyposmia. 130-4 It is well documented that cytoplasmic Ca++ regulates sensitivity to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). There is also evidence that Ca++ in the mucus may also modulate sensitivity to cAMP in vivo. Assuming that mucosal Ca++ could significantly change the excitability of the receptor neurons, we examined the alterations in the olfactory sensitivity by creating small changes in mucosal Ca++. Thirty one patients complaining of olfactory loss were examined and their olfactory acuity was measured before and after the administration of a sodium citrate buffer solution in the nasal cleft. Thirty patients (96.8%) improved their scores in less than an hour period of time. Furthermore, 23 of them (74.2%) realized an improvement in their own sense of smell. ENT Department, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Greece. gporl@hotmail.com Panagiotopoulos Georgios G Naxakis Stefanos S Papavasiliou Antonios A Filipakis Konstantinos K Papatheodorou Georgios G Goumas Panagiotis P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Citrates 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Receptors, Odorant 18996-35-5 sodium citrate 60-92-4 Cyclic AMP 7440-70-2 Calcium IM Administration, Intranasal Alcohol Drinking physiopathology Calcium antagonists & inhibitors Calcium Signaling drug effects physiology Citrates administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use Cyclic AMP physiology Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Decongestants therapeutic use Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Olfaction Disorders therapy Olfactory Receptor Neurons drug effects physiology Receptors, Odorant drug effects physiology Respiratory Tract Infections physiopathology Sensory Thresholds drug effects Smell drug effects Smoking physiopathology Time Factors 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008069 16008068 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The role of nasal cavity disinfection in the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis. 125-9 Several factors may influence the results of bacteriological studies in chronic rhinosinusitis. We investigated the potential role of nasal cavity disinfection in the bacteriology of the bulla ethmoidalis in patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. Bacteriology of the bulla ethmoidalis was studied in 176 consecutive adult patients presenting a chronic sinusitis refractory to standard medical treatment who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Two different techniques were used: (A) a technique with nasal vestibule and facial disinfection with chlorhexedin (N = 89 patients and 165 samples) vs. (B) a technique with facial, nasal vestibule and nasal cavity disinfection with a povidone-iodine solution followed by a cleansing of the nasal cavity (N = 87 patients and 166 samples). Culture rate was 89.6% (183 bacterial isolates) for technique (A) vs 76.5% (164 bacterial isolates) for technique (B) (p < 0.001). Major bacteria encountered in the (A) group and in the (B) group were respectively: Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus: 77 vs 40 isolates (p < 0.001); Coagulase positive Staphylococcus: 44 vs 30 isolates (p = 0.061); Streptococcus pneumoniae: 4 vs 5 isolates; Others: Streptococcus sp.: 12 vs 16 isolates; Haemophilus influenzae: 8 vs 6 isolates; Enterobacteriacea: 33 vs 53 isolates (p = 0.013) and others Gram Negative Bacilli: 3 vs 7 isolates. The standard (A) technique to study the bacteriology of the bulla ethmoidalis in patients with chronic sinusitis yielded a higher percentage of positive culture and of bacterial isolates than a more advanced (B) technique. This is mainly due to the higher percentage of contaminant bacteria such as Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus recovered with the standard technique. Enterobacteriacea and others Gram Negative Bacilli were more often encountered into the bulla ethmoidalis with the technique where disinfection of the nasal cavity was performed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@orlo.ucl.ac.be Rombaux Ph P Collet S S Hamoir M M Eloy Ph P Bertrand B B Jamart F F Gigi J J eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Infective Agents, Local 0 Coagulase 25655-41-8 Povidone-Iodine 55-56-1 Chlorhexidine IM Adult Anti-Infective Agents, Local administration & dosage therapeutic use Chlorhexidine therapeutic use Chronic Disease Coagulase analysis Disinfection methods Endoscopy Enterobacteriaceae isolation & purification Ethmoid Sinus microbiology surgery Ethmoid Sinusitis microbiology surgery Female Haemophilus influenzae isolation & purification Humans Male Nasal Cavity drug effects microbiology Povidone-Iodine therapeutic use Preoperative Care Prospective Studies Staphylococcus classification isolation & purification Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification Streptococcus classification isolation & purification Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008068 16008067 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Culture of cells harvested with nasal brushing: a method for evaluating ciliary function. 121-4 Usefulness and reliability of nasal brush samples in a monolayer cell culture was studied for evaluation of ciliary movement. Cells for cultures were harvested under the middle turbinate from patients with chronic sinusitis and from controls. Ciliary function was analysed using a microscope equipped with a high-speed video camera. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF), ciliary amplitude, waveform and coordination were analysed from the cultures 4-6 h after the harvest of brush samples and 3 days after the culture. The average success rate of cell cultures was 82.5%. There were not statistically significant differences in CBF between patients and controls but there was significant difference between brush biopsy and cultured brush biopsy in controls. The ciliary beat amplitude and the waveform were normal in all samples in both groups. Miniculture method for culturing nasal cells from brush biopsies proved reliable and non-invasive for detailed analysing of ciliary function and for excluding possible secondary ciliary dyskinesia. Compared to conventional mucosal cell cultures where thick and invasive specimens are needed for successful cultures, it is easier and quicker to perform and well tolerated by patients. Thin monolayer cultures enable the evaluation of frequency, amplitude and the waveform of the cilia beat under the microscope whereas floating cells and cell clusters do not give this opportunity. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. elina.toskala-hannikainen@ttl.fi Toskala Elina E Haataja Juhani J Shirasaki Hideaki H Rautiainen Markus M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biopsy instrumentation methods Cell Culture Techniques methods Chronic Disease Cilia physiology Ciliary Motility Disorders diagnosis Female Humans Male Microscopy, Phase-Contrast Microscopy, Video Middle Aged Movement Nasal Mucosa pathology Reproducibility of Results Sinusitis pathology Time Factors Turbinates pathology 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008067 16008066 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The analysis of anterior skull base from two different perspectives: coronal and reconstructed sagittal computed tomography. 115-20 The aim of the study was to determine the heights of the anterior skull base and the distances between the anterior nasal spine and the skull base at three levels by means of coronal and reformatted sagittal images of computed tomography. The present study was performed on coronal and reformatted sagittal CT scans of 30 patients with sinonasal complaints. On the coronal view, the heights of the cribriform plate, the roof of ethmoid, and lateral lamella and the medial take-off angle between the ethmoid roof and cribriform plate were measured at different levels. On the reformatted sagittal images the distances from the nasal spine to the anterior cranial base at three different levels were measured. Then, the side-to-side variability of these measurements was statistically compared. The variations with normal distribution and abnormal distribution were analysed by paired t test and Wilcoxon paired-signed rank test, respectively. A statistically significant difference was detected only between the right and left sides in the height of the lateral lamella at the crista galli level (p < 0.05). The lateral lamella at the crista galli level on the left side was higher than on the right side. No statistically significant differences between the left and the right sides were noted in the heights and the distances of other data (p > 0.05). The normal anatomy of the anterior skull base has been described in detail on coronal and reconstructed sagittal computed tomography. These measurements may be helpful in the presurgical evaluation of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery to optimize surgical safety. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey. osman.arikan@gediknet.com Arikan Osman Kursat OK Unal Birsen B Kazkayasi Mustafa M Koc Can C eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cephalometry methods Ethmoid Bone radiography Ethmoid Sinus radiography Facial Pain radiography Female Headache radiography Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods Male Middle Aged Nasal Bone radiography Nasal Polyps radiography Prospective Studies Sinusitis radiography Skull Base radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008066 16008065 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Anatomic variations of the sphenoid sinus on computed tomography. 109-14 Anatomic variations of the vital structures adjacent to the sphenoid sinus can be jeopardized during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The knowledge of the size and extent of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus (SS) is an important condition for adequate surgical treatment of its disease. The bony anatomic variations of SS as well as its relationship with adjacent vital structures were reviewed in this paper. The study was performed on 267 patients with a complaint of chronic or recurrent sinusitis. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained upon completion of therapy. The evaluations of the sphenoid sinuses were regarded separately, so as 534 sides were examined. Especially bony anatomic variations as well as mucosal abnormalities of the sphenoid sinuses were examined. Pneumatization of the pterygoid process and anterior clinoid process were found in 39.7% and 17.2% of the patients respectively. Vidian canal protrusion was found in a total of 158 sides of which 60 were bilateral. These entities were encountered usually when pneumatization of the pterygoid process occurred. Carotid canal and optic canal protrusions were found in 5.2% and 4.1% of the patients respectively. Mucosal thickening, and polyps or cysts of sphenoid sinuses were detected in 20.6% and 4.5% of the patients respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between pterygoid pneumatization and vidian canal protrusion (p < 0.001), and vs. foramen rotundum protusion (p = 0.004). While the optic canal protrusion was found significantly associated with the anterior clinoid pneumatization (p < 0.001), there was no statistically significant correlation between a carotid canal protrusion and anterior clinoid pneumatization (p = 0.250). Sphenoid sinus surgery is very risky, because of changing variations of the cavity. We are in the opinion that detailed data from CT scans of SS will enable the surgeon to interpret any anatomic variations and pathological conditions before initiation of the surgical therapy. Department of ORL & HNS, School of Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Turkey. mkazkaya@ttnet.net.tr Kazkayasi Mustafa M Karadeniz Yasemin Y Arikan Osman K OK eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Cysts radiography Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases radiography Polyps radiography Recurrence Respiratory Mucosa radiography Sphenoid Bone radiography Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology radiography surgery Sphenoid Sinusitis radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008065 16008064 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Investigation of training needs for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). 104-8 The use of simulators for training FESS may in the future offer substantial advantages like increased exposure to difficult scenarios, reduced learning curves, and reduced costs. Training simulators may range from very simple, involving only visual simulation, to more complex, involving haptic simulation or force feedback. To effectively employ these training means, insight is needed into the training needs for FESS procedure. A study was carried out to investigate which subtasks of FESS are hardest to perform and have the longest learning curve. A questionnaire was distributed among two groups of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeons participating in a basic, as well as in an advanced sinus surgery course. Results showed that tasks related to spatial orientation are judged as hardest, whereas manual tasks are considered less difficult. These results suggest that simulators will not necessarily need haptic feedback to train the most important knowledge and skills needed for FESS. Department of Man-Machine Systems, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. n.h.bakker@zonnet.nl Bakker Niels H NH Fokkens Wytske J WJ Grimbergen Cornelis A CA eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Attitude of Health Personnel Computer Simulation Endoscopes Endoscopy education methods Feedback Humans Learning Motor Skills Needs Assessment Otolaryngology education Paranasal Sinuses surgery Space Perception Teaching methods Time Factors 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008064 16008063 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Quality of life assessment in Thai patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis using the SF-36 questionnaire (Thai version). 99-103 The health related quality of life (QOL) of patients with allergic rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis (ARc) as measured by the SF-36 questionnaire, has been shown to be impaired in a similar way to that of asthmatic patients in France and several other countries. We used the SF-36 questionnaire (Thai version) to evaluate the QOL of Thai ARc patients compared to healthy subjects. The SF-36 questionnaire (Thai version) consists of 36 items covering 8 dimensions and one health transition report question. Higher scores indicated better QOL. The internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was analysed using Cronbach's alpha-coefficient. A total of 705 healthy persons and 900 ARc patients were included in this study. The mean difference of the scores between healthy and ARc groups in each dimension showed higher scores in the healthy group. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001) for all dimensions, except for the Social Functioning dimension. The internal reliability of the SF-36 questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha-coefficient which was above 0.7 for seven of the dimensions; the exception was the Social Functioning dimension. Men were shown to have higher scores than women in several dimensions. In conclusion, this study has confirmed that the SF-36 questionnaire is sensitive enough to discriminate ARc patients from healthy persons with high reliability. QOL of ARc patients was significantly more impaired than healthy persons and hypertensive patients in several dimensions. These findings were similar to reports from other countries using the same instruments. Therefore the SF-36 questionnaire (Thai version) can be a useful tool in evaluating the impact of ARc on a patient's QOL and the improvement in QOL after therapeutic intervention in Thai patients. Rhinology and Allergy Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. sicbg@mahidol.ac.th Bunnag Chaweewan C Leurmarnkul Watcharee W Jareoncharsri Perapun P Tunsuriyawong Prayuth P Assanasen Paraya P Pawankar Ruby R eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Activities of Daily Living Adult Aged Attitude to Health Conjunctivitis, Allergic psychology Female Health Status Humans Male Middle Aged Pain psychology Quality of Life Questionnaires Reproducibility of Results Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial psychology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal psychology Sensitivity and Specificity Sex Factors Thailand 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008063 16008062 2005 07 12 2005 09 27

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Trigeminal sensitization and desensitization in the nasal cavity: a study of cross interactions. 93-8 Chemical irritation in the human nasal cavity is poorly documented. In this field, an important issue concerns the differential responses produced by successive stimulation. Repeated identical chemical irritant stimuli can produce increases or decreases in responses (two phenomena known as self-sensitization or self-desensitization). In the same way, different molecules can interact and produce cross-sensitization or cross-desensitization. The aim of this study was to contribute to this question using two specific molecules, acetic acid (AA) and allyl isothiocyanate (AIC). As the self-sensitization and -desensitization for AIC is known, a first experiment in the present work investigated the response, acute effects and time course of sensitization or desensitization to acetic acid. A second experiment tested the responses of acetic acid after a previous stimulation with allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil) and inversely with a short inter-stimulus interval (ISI of 45 s). A third experiment similar to the second used a long inter-stimulus interval (ISI of 3 min 30). Twelve healthy subjects participated in the study using psychophysical (intensity ratings) and psychophysiological (skin conductance response) measurements. Firstly, the results showed that repeated nasal stimulation with acetic acid produced a self-desensitization whatever the ISI. Secondly, the results showed a cross-desensitization of allyl isothiocyanate by previous acetic acid stimulation. In contrast, previous stimulation with allyl isothiocyanate had no effect on the following acetic acid response. These findings confirm that trigeminal sensitization and desensitization in the nasal cavity do not follow the same processes in relation to molecules used. Laboratoire de Neurosciences, Université de Franche-Comte, Place Leclerc, 25000 Besançon, France. Jacquot Laurence L Monnin Julie J Lucarz Annie A Brand Gérard G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Irritants 0 Isothiocyanates 57-06-7 allyl isothiocyanate 64-19-7 Acetic Acid IM Acetic Acid pharmacology Adult Differential Threshold physiology Female Galvanic Skin Response physiology Humans Irritants pharmacology Isothiocyanates pharmacology Male Nasal Cavity drug effects innervation Psychophysics Psychophysiology Stimulation, Chemical Time Factors Trigeminal Nerve drug effects 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008062 16008061 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Seasonal non-allergic rhinitis (SNAR)--a new disease entity? A clinical and immunological comparison between SNAR, seasonal allergic rhinitis and persistent non-allergic rhinitis. 86-92 We have earlier described a group of patients suffering from rhino-conjunctivitis during the early pollen season, but with negative allergological investigation. The present study aimed to evaluate this syndrome called Seasonal Non-Allergic Rhinitis (SNAR). Seventeen patients with SNAR were compared with 20 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and 13 patients with persistent non-allergic rhinitis (PNAR). They were analyzed with skin prick tests (SPT) and nasal provocation tests (NPT) with pollen extracts, and for IgE antibodies in serum and inflammation mediators in nasal lavage. Daily symptoms and medicine consumption were recorded. Late reactions after SPT occurred in two SNAR, eight SAR and two PNAR patients. Weak immediate and late reactions after NPT were induced in 3/15 and 7/15 SNAR patients, respectively, and in 1/13 and 5/13 PNAR patients. All SAR patients had immediate and 9/18 had late reactions. The total IgE levels were lower in SNAR compared to SAR. In the SNAR group 1/15 was positive in Phadiatop. Increased tryptase levels after NPT were only observed in SAR. The SNAR patients had high daily symptom scores already before birch pollen season. Sneezing was more common in SNAR and SAR than in PNAR; eye-symptoms more prominent in SAR than in SNAR or PNAR. SNAR seems to be different from SAR and PNAR regarding immunological mechanism and symptom period. We conclude that the cause of SNAR is unknown. Lung and Allergy Clinic, County Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden. Wedbäck Anna A Enbom Håkan H Eriksson Nils E NE Movérare Robert R Malcus Inga I eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Inflammation Mediators 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E EC 3.4.21.- Serine Endopeptidases EC 3.4.21.59 Tryptases IM Adolescent Adult Aged Antibodies blood Betula Conjunctivitis classification immunology physiopathology Cough physiopathology Female Histamine H1 Antagonists therapeutic use Humans Immunoglobulin E blood Inflammation Mediators analysis Male Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry Nasal Provocation Tests Phleum Pollen immunology Rhinitis classification immunology physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology physiopathology Serine Endopeptidases analysis Skin Tests Sneezing physiology Tryptases 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008061 16008060 2005 07 12 2005 09 27 2005 11 16

0300-0729 43 2 2005 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgery of the frontal recess and frontal sinus. 82-5 Surgery on the frontal recess and frontal sinus remains a challenge for endoscopic sinus surgeons. This paper examines the philosophy behind such surgery and presents a technqiue for 3-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomy of the frontal recess and frontal sinus. Utilizing this anatomical reconstruction the surgeon is encouraged to develop a pre-operative step-by-step surgical plan for each cell identified within the frontal recess and frontal sinus and thereby predict the anatomy of this region before surgery is undertaken. An increased understanding of the anatomy of this region should improve the surgeon's surgical confidence and ability to remove all the obstructing cells from the frontal sinus ostium. Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia. peterj.wormald@adelaide.edu.au Wormald Peter-John PJ eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Frontal Sinus surgery Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Imaging, Three-Dimensional Patient Care Planning Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 14 2005 7 13 9 0 2005 9 28 9 0 2005 7 13 9 0 ppublish 16008060 16405279 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Silent sinus syndrome, a case presentation. 313-5 "Silent Sinus Syndrome" is a quite rare condition of otherwise asymptomatic maxillary sinusitis that presents with enophthalmos. Despite the fact that the "Silent Sinus Syndrome" presents with enophthalmos, these patients are finally treated by the otorhinolaryngologist, who should be familiar with this condition, in order to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. We present the case of a 33 year old man with enophthalmos and no other associated symptom that was caused by chronic rhinosinusitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was the treatment of choice. No reconstruction of the orbital floor was performed. One year follow up, following surgical treatment revealed an excellent result. Department of ENT, Athens Medical School, Ippokration Athens Hospital, University of Athens, Greece. Yiotakis I I Papanikolaou V V Alatzidou Z Z Manolopoulos L L Nikolatou-Galiti O O Ferekidis E E eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Diagnosis, Differential Endoscopy Exophthalmos etiology Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis complications radiography surgery Rhinitis etiology radiography Syndrome Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405279 16405278 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Isolated fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid sinus. 309-12 Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon benign bone disorder of unknown etiology in which normal medullary bone is replaced by fibrotic and osseous tissue. Solitary involvement of the sphenoid sinus is unusual. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old man complaining of occipital and vertical headache. Imaging modalities demonstrated an expansile lesion filling the entire sphenoid sinus. Biopsy specimen was obtained by endoscopic sphenoidotomy. Diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia was made by imaging results and pathologic examination. Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 06490, Ankara, Turkey. Buyuklu Fuat F Tarhan Erkan E Cakmak Ozcan O Ozgirgin Nuri N Arikan Unser U eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biopsy Diagnosis, Differential Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic diagnosis pathology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Sphenoid Bone pathology Sphenoid Sinus pathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405278 16405277 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Persistent epistaxis: what is the best practice? 305-8 Epistaxis is the commonest otolaryngological emergency, which is often managed by a nasal pack. A significant number of cases fail to respond to nasal packing and various surgical measures are available to control the nosebleed in these cases. However evidence is sparse regarding the best available surgical option for the management of persistent epistaxis. We designed a retrospective cohort study comparing endoscopic ligation of sphenopalatine artery (ELSA) and all other surgical options (non-ELSA) in the management of persistent epistaxis. All consecutive cases of persistent epistaxis between 1997-2004 (Feb) requiring operative intervention were included in the study and divided in two groups according to the surgical intervention. Postoperative epistaxis was excluded. Non-ELSA group consisted of various procedures including nasal cautery and packing, submucous resection, anterior ethmoid artery ligation, external carotid artery ligation, internal maxillary artery ligation. Both groups were matched for age, sex, risk factors, other medical conditions and medications. The main outcome measures evaluated were immediate success in arresting the bleeding and the mean hospital stay. Recurrence and patient acceptability of the procedure were the secondary variables investigated. We found that ELSA proved to be the best practice to manage persistent epistaxis on all measures of immediate success rate, shorter hospital stay, recurrence rate, and patient satisfaction. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom. umapathy@doctors.org.uk Umapathy N N Quadri A A Skinner D W DW eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Epistaxis surgery Female Humans Ligation Male Maxillary Artery surgery Middle Aged Questionnaires Recurrence Sphenoid Sinus blood supply Treatment Outcome 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405277 16405276 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Posterior epistaxis: systematic review on the effectiveness of surgical therapies. 300-4 The optimal surgical treatment for patients with posterior epistaxis and failed conservative therapy is unknown. Therefore we planned a systematic review studying all available publications assessing the effect on bleeding recurrence and postoperative complications of ligation of the internal maxillary artery or the sphenopalatine artery. We searched the electronic databases Medline, Medline In Process, and Cochrane Library. Data extraction was performed following standard methods. Twenty-eight studies could be included in the systematic review. All studies were retrospective and no single study comparing different methods could be identified. Fifteen studies reported on the effect of the ligation of the internal maxillary artery (LIMA) and 13 on the effect of the ligation of the sphenopalatine artery (LSA). The severity of postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay seem to be lower in the LSA group. A conclusive statement about the frequency of rebleeding in the two groups is not possible. According to the available data on postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay ligation of the sphenopalatine artery compared favourably to the ligation of the internal maxillary artery. The most effective treatment for patients with posterior epistaxis including costs should be evaluated in a controlled clinical trial. Horten Centre, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Feusi Binja B Holzmann David D Steurer Johann J eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Epistaxis surgery Humans Ligation Maxillary Artery surgery Postoperative Complications Recurrence Reoperation Sphenoid Sinus blood supply 44 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405276 16405275 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal resistance for determinant factor of nasal surgery in CPAP failure patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. 296-9 Given that criteria for nasal surgery in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have not been proposed, we investigated the effectiveness of nasal surgery for CPAP failure in patients with both severe OSAS and nasal obstruction. Conventional nasal surgery was performed in 12 patients who were refractory to treatment by CPAP. The subject group consisted of 12 males (mean age, 54.2 +/- 9.2 years; range 39-66 years). The effect of nasal surgery was evaluated with data from preoperative and postoperative polysomunography. The nasal resistance value was first deduced to determine which OSAS patients with CPAP failure should undergo nasal surgery, compared to control values. Nasal surgery resulted in a significant decrease in nasal resistance, as measured by rhinomanometry, from 0.57 +/- 0.31 Pa/cm3 /sec to 0.16 +/- 0.03 Pa/cm3/sec and rendered all patients tolerant to CPAP. In addition, the lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation significantly increased from 68.3 +/- 12.1% to 75.3 +/- 7.1% after surgery. Subjectively, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) significantly decreased from 11.7 +/- 4.1 to 3.3 +/- 1.3 after surgery, but the number of apnea and hypopnea episodes per hour did not change significantly. In five patients, for whom it was possible to perform a CPAP titration before nasal surgery, the value decreased significantly from 16.8 +/- 1.1 to 12.0 +/- 1.9 cmH2O. The bilateral nasal resistance of the 410SAS patients with CPAP therapy (control group) was 0.24 +/- 0.11 Pa/cm3/sec. The cut off value for differentiation between CPAP failure patients and control group was determined as 0.38 Pa/cm3 /sec. Increased nasal resistance is a determinant of CPAP failure, and the surgical correction of severe nasal obstruction should thus be considered to facilitate treatment of OSAS patients with CPAP. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. seisay@tsuru.med.nagoya-u.ac.jp Nakata Seiichi S Noda Akiko A Yagi Hidehito H Yanagi Eriko E Mimura Tamie T Okada Tamotsu T Misawa Hayato H Nakashima Tsutomu T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction complications surgery Polysomnography Rhinomanometry Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology surgery therapy Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405275 16405274 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Decongestant effects of nasal xylometazoline and mometasone furoate in persistent allergic rhinitis. 291-5 Thirty-six persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) sufferers were studied, to both compare and correlate 15 minute response to nasal xylometazoline (XYLO) with 28 day response to nasal mometasone furoate (MF). 0.1% XYLO (1 spray each nostril) response was measured on two occasions, then a randomised double blind cross-over comparison of MF (200 mcg daily) to placebo conducted. Outcomes were peak nasal inspiratoly flow (PNIF), nasal forced inspiratory volume in one second (nFIV1) and nasal blockage score (NBS) improvements. Thirty-one participants completed per protocol. Within subject standard deviation for percentage improvement to XYLO was 26.0 for PNIF and 25.2 for nFIV1. Median % improvement (95%CI) in PNIF for XYLO vs. MF was 20.0 (11.4 to 31.0) vs. 9.6 (3.2 to 15.8) and in nFIV1 was 17.8 (10.0 to 28.1) vs. 3.3 (-4.3 to 19.1). XYLO effects were greater than MF (p<0.05) for PNIF, nFIV1 and NBS. There was no significant correlation of MF to XYLO improvements in PNIF, nFIV1 or NBS. In conclusion, acute reversibility to XYLO showed poor repeatability and XYLO reversibility is not predictive of decongestant response to nasal corticosteroid. XYLO was a stronger decongestant than MF but rhinitis medicamentosa still precludes any preference for long term XYLO therapy at this time. Asthma and Allergy Research Group, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom. Barnes Martyn L ML Biallosterski Bart T BT Gray Robert D RD Fardon Tom C TC Lipworth Brian J BJ eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Allergic Agents 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Pregnadienediols 526-36-3 xylometazoline 83919-23-7 mometasone furoate IM Administration, Intranasal Anti-Allergic Agents therapeutic use Chi-Square Distribution Double-Blind Method Drug Therapy, Combination Female Humans Imidazoles therapeutic use Male Nasal Decongestants therapeutic use Pregnadienediols therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy physiopathology Spirometry Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405274 16405273 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic resection of juvenile angiofibromas--long term results. 282-9 To evaluate the long term outcome after endoscopic endonasal resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA). Retrospective study of a series of 21 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic resection of JNA (type I - IIIa according to Fisch) at two Hospital Centers between 1993 and 2002. Mean follow-up was 51.7 months (range 5-120). Extension to the medial aspect of infratemporal fossa and retromaxillary space was no contraindication against an endonasal endoscopic approach. In three cases of type IIIa tumours a computer assisted intraoperative guiding system was applied (ENTrak, GE Medical, Lawrence, USA). Fifteen patients (71.4%) were free of disease after one endoscopic resection. Three patients (14.3%) had an unmistakable recurrence with the need for further treatment at 6, 14, and 23 months, respectively. Two of the three recurrent tumours have been successfully resected endoscopically, one case was treated with gamma knife. In three patients (14.3%) postoperative MRI showed localized enhanced signal, presumably minimal persistent tumour tissue. Without further treatment all of these patients remained free of symptoms and MRI follow up showed no tumour growth over three, five and ten years, respectively. No postoperative long term sequela was observed. Resection of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas type I-IIIa can be safely achieved endoscopically. The advantage of this minimally invasive technique is avoidance of external scars and low morbidity. The intraoperative computer assisted guiding system ENTrak was highly accurate and provided substantial help in selected cases. Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria. thiemo.hofmann@meduni-graz.at Hofmann Thiemo T Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel M Koele Wolfgang W Reittner Pia P Klein Erich E Stammberger Heinz H eng Journal Article Multicenter Study

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Angiofibroma pathology surgery Angiography Embolization, Therapeutic Endoscopy methods Humans Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms pathology surgery Recurrence Retrospective Studies Surgery, Computer-Assisted Treatment Outcome 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405273 16405272 2006 01 12 2006 03 23 2011 08 25

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Closure of cerebrospinal fluid leaks prevents ascending bacterial meningitis. 277-81 Endoscopic surgery of the anterior skull base has become the standard procedure for the repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of various origins. Closure of the leaks is believed to prevent ascending meningitis, although no report has specifically shown this. Retrospective chart study of 39 patients who underwent endoscopic skull base surgery from 1/1993 to 11/2002. Tertiary University Hospitals. Incidence of ascending meningitis after endoscopic skull base repair in patients with anterior skull base defects associated or not with meningitis and CSF leak. Forty-one endoscopic repairs of anterior skull base defects of various origins were performed in 39 patients. Fifteen (36.5%) had suffered bacterial meningitis before surgery. Mean follow-up was 65 months (range 22-120). The defect was repaired using an "underlay" technique with lyophilized dura (n=11) or fascia lata (n=30), and covered with free mucosal grafts from either the middle or the inferior turbinates. Closure was achieved in 40/41 cases at first attempt. No recurrence of ascending bacterial meningitis was observed during follow-up in any of the fifteen patients who had previously presented with a CSF leak or skull base defect with meningitis. Also, no new bacterial meningitis occurred in all other patients. One case of meningoencephalocele of the lateral sphenoid wall developed a recurrent CSF fistula associated with bacterial meningitis two years after endoscopic repair, requiring endoscopic revision surgery. No patient received vaccination in this series. Closure of active CSF leaks and reconstruction of skull base defects without CSF-leak in patients with prior ascending bacterial meningitis seem to provide excellent long-term results with neither recurrence of ascending meningitis nor incidence of meningitis in the other patients, unless a CSF leak re-appears. Conservative treatment of CSF leaks may lead to bacterial meningitis, therefore surgical closure of leaks or defects at the skull base should be considered treatment of choice to prevent ascending meningitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. mbernal@clinic.ub.es Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel M Alobid Isam I Mullol Joaquim J Trobat Francisca F Tomás-Barberán Manuel M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea surgery Endoscopy Female Humans Male Meningitis, Bacterial prevention & control Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Skull Base microbiology surgery Treatment Outcome 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405272 16405271 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic and microscopic paraseptal transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica. 271-6 To establish the feasibility of the paraseptal approach to the sella and to demonstrate the superiority of the endoscopic over the microscopic vision during pituitary surgery. Prospective monocentric study. Nine consecutive patients with a pituitary tumour were operated since November 2002. The surgical procedure consisted of a paraseptal approach of the sella with use of a rigid endoscope. Pre- and postoperative (3 months after surgery) symptoms, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings, endocrine and ophthalmic assessment, and intraoperative findings were recorded. One patient presented a CSF leak with a successful peroperative repair. Regarding symptom resolution, headache disappeared during the early postoperative period in case of pituitary apoplexy. All cases of preoperative hemianopsia and diplopia but one improved significantly. Two patients recovered preoperative deficient hormonal functions and six patients did not require substitution therapy any more. No nasal packing was needed except in one case. Considering the healing course, the mucosa repair inside the sphenoid sinus was quicker with Surgicel removal at week 4. Postoperative MRI demonstrated a residual parasellar nodule in 3 out of 6 cases of macroadenoma. Only one required radiation therapy. These results are commented through comparison with the transseptal approach and with surgery exclusively using the microscope. The paraseptal transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica using the telescope is at least as effective as the conventional transseptal approach using the operating microscope only. It provides a wide access to the pituitary fossa and an optimal vision of the critical areas. The absence of postoperative nasal packing improves significantly the comfort of the patient during the first postoperative hours. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, UCL Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium. philippe.eloy@orlo.ucl.ac.be Eloy Philippe P Watelet Jean Baptiste JB Donckier Julian J Gustin Thierry T Gaudon Isabelle Plouin IP Collet Stéphanie S Rombaux Philippe P Gillard Claude C Bertrand Bernard B eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2005 Dec;43(4):241 16405265 Endoscopy Feasibility Studies Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Nasal Septum surgery Pituitary Neoplasms surgery Prospective Studies Sella Turcica surgery Sphenoid Bone surgery Treatment Outcome 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405271 16405270 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Inhibitory effects of facemasks and eyeglasses on invasion of pollen particles in the nose and eye: a clinical study. 266-70 The incidence of Japanese cedar pollinosis is estimated to be about 13% of the Japanese population. In Japan it is generic to wear a facemask and eyeglasses to prevent pollen inhalation. We examined the usefulness of a facemask and eyeglasses in cooperation with volunteers. The number of pollen particles in the nasal cavity and on the conjunctiva was unchanged by wearing a facemask and eyeglasses. However, the pollen invasion rate was lower in subjects with a facemask and eyeglasses than in subjects without a facemask and eyeglasses. The decrease in pollen invasion rate in the nasal cavity due to wearing a facemask was statistically significant. This suggested that wearing a facemask has a protective effect on pollen invasion to the nose. The pollen invasion rate in the nasal cavity and on the conjunctiva was increased with increases in the wind speed. It may be difficult to avoid pollen even when wearing a facemask and eyeglasses when the wind speed is high. Further study is required to clarify the relationship between the amount of allergens and clinical symptoms. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan. m.gotoh@nms.ac.jp Gotoh Minoru M Okubo Kimihiro K Okuda Minoru M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cryptomeria Eye Protective Devices Humans Japan Male Masks Nasal Cavity Pollen immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology prevention & control Statistics, Nonparametric 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405270 16405269 2006 01 12 2006 03 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Cytomorphologic and ultrastructural study of nasal mucosa by means of brushing: a comparison between asymptomatic and rhinitic subjects. 261-5 The authors compared the cytomorphologic and ultrastructural features of nasal epithelium collected by means of brushing from asymptomatic subjects with these of patients affected by nasal polyposis (NP), allergic (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). A brushing of nasal epithelium was taken from each member of both groups, and analysed under light and electron microscopy. The observation showed normal ciliary patterns and preserved intercellular joints in the great majority of asymptomatic subjects, while in all subjects of the pathologic group the junctions appeared variously damaged or absents, with ciliary abnormalities. The damage to the intercellular joints, rather than the alterations of ciliary patterns, seemed to represent in this study the border between the absence of symptoms and the presence of chronic inflammation. Therefore, a reduced tightness of the intercellular joints could contribute to the impairment of the mucociliary clearance, priming the vicious circle that leads to the condition of chronic inflammation. Clinica ORL, Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Italy. Bozzo C C Fenu G G Stomeo F F Meloni F F Cau M M Montella A A eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Cilia ultrastructure Endoscopy Female Humans Male Microscopy, Electron Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure Rhinitis pathology 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405269 16405268 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Changes occurring in the nasal mucociliary transport in patients with one-sided septum deviation. 257-60 Septum deviation is the most commonly seen nasal pathology. Mucociliar activity can be affected by septum deviation that can be detected in many nasal pathologies. This study was aimed to compare the changes occurring in the mucociliary activities in both the nasal cavities of 20 patients with one-sided septal deviation and 20 healthy young individuals without septal deviation. The mucociliary activity of the right nasal cavity in healthy human beings and the mucociliary activity of the concave and convex sides of nasal cavities in patients with septal deviation were measured. Mucociliary clearance was measured by means of the rhinoscintigraphy technique. The mucociliary transport speed on the concave side was found to be significantly increased compared to the convex side and the control group. As a result, the mucociliary activity was within normal limits in patients with septum deviation who didn't have a nasal mucosal disease. Furthermore, the mucociliary activity was found to be increased on the concave side where the airflow was higher. Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. dryigit@hotmail.com Yigit Ozgur O Akgul Gokhan G Alkan Seyhan S Uslu Berna B Dadas Burhan B eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chi-Square Distribution Endoscopy Female Humans Male Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Septum abnormalities 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405268 16405267 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Ultrastructural ciliary findings in nasal obstructive diseases. 251-6 Specific ultrastructural findings have widely been described in case of obstructive nasal diseases due to congenital defects. Ciliary impairment has in particular been observed as the main pathological feature in these conditions. In this study, nasal mucosal samples from different pathologies have been collected via the "brushing" technique and analysed by transmission electron microscopy. TEM analysis was focused on specific features, such as the numerical array of peripheral and central doublets of the cilium axoneme, including eventual microtubular disarrangement; partial or total loss of inner and/or outer dynein arms; defects of radial spokes and nexin links; disorientation of the ciliary axis in closely adjacent cilia, calculating the angle between the line crossing the central microtubular core and the horizontal ciliary axis and compound cilia (CC). Statistical comparison was carried out between study and control groups. A significant incidence of organic ciliary defects was found not only in patients with inflammatory processes, but mostly in those supposed to have a long-lasting nasal respiratory disease due to mechanical stenosis in relation to septum deviation and turbinate hypertrophy. Prevalence and percentage of compound cilia were instead more related to inflammatory conditions. The "brushing" technique can be considered an easy and reliable method for the assessment of the condition of the nasal mucosa. According to the findings derived from this study, mechanical nasal obstruction seems to cause major alterations on the nasal ciliary arrangement, thus determining a functional impairment on the whole nasal function. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, II Medical School of the University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Monini S S Torrisi M R MR Eliseo I I Visco V V Raffa S S Bandiera G G Nardi C C Ronchetti F F Barbara M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Analysis of Variance Chi-Square Distribution Cilia ultrastructure Ciliary Motility Disorders pathology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction pathology 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405267 16405266 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal obstruction and its impact on sleep-related breathing disorders. 242-50 Upper airway patency is essential during sleep in order to avoid sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). Nasal obstruction may have a negative impact on sleep quality and must be considered to be a co-factor in the pathophysiology of SRBD. In this paper we will discuss the relation between nasal physiology at night and sleep quality and the possible mechanisms between nasal obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS). We will review the effect of the relief of nasal obstruction (with nasal dilators, medication and/or surgery) on SRBD. Also an algorithm on the management of OSAS patients when nasal surgery is indicated will be proposed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@orlo.ucl.ac.be Rombaux Ph P Liistro G G Hamoir M M Bertrand B B Aubert G G Verses T T Rodenstein D D eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Humans Nasal Obstruction complications physiopathology therapy Sleep Disorders etiology physiopathology 73 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405266 16405265 2006 01 12 2006 03 23

0300-0729 43 4 2005 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Improved visualisation to a range of procedures. 241 Lund Valerie J VJ eng Comment Editorial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2005 Dec;43(4):271-6 16405271 Endoscopy Humans Otolaryngology trends 2006 1 13 9 0 2006 3 24 9 0 2006 1 13 9 0 ppublish 16405265 15521673 2004 11 03 2005 01 11 2005 11 16

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Juvenile angiofibroma of the maxillary sinus. 171-4 Primary extra-nasopharyngeal sites of angiofibromas are extremely unusual. We describe a rare case of extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in a one year old child arising from the left maxilla and indirectly involving the lacrimal system. The initial presentation was of a swelling in the region of the left medial canthus. Only four cases of extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibromas in children below the age of two have been described. We review the literature on what is known about extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Department of Otolaryngology, Great Ormand Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom. panesarhome@aol.com Panesar J J Vadgama B B Rogers G G Ramsay A D AD Hartley B J BJ eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Angiofibroma diagnosis pathology surgery Humans Infant Male Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Neoplasm Invasiveness Recurrence 17 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521673 15521672 2004 11 03 2005 01 11

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal teeth associated with rhinosinusitis. 167-70 Intranasal ectopic dentition is a rare clinical entity. It may be asymptomatic or can be associated with different symptoms. In 25% of the reported cases an association with rhinosinisitis is suspected. The possible pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Teeth in the floor of both nasal cavities, associated with chronic rhinosinusitis, are reported for the first time, and a new treatment option of endonasal extraction under microscopic control is presented. Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel. misokolov@list.ru Sokolov Maxim M Jecker Peter P Roth Yehudah Y eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Recurrence Rhinitis complications Sinusitis complications Tomography, X-Ray Computed Tooth Eruption, Ectopic complications diagnosis 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521672 15521671 2004 11 03 2005 01 11 2005 11 16

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Orbitoethmoid aneurysmal bone cyst. Case report and literature review. 164-6 Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, vascular, variable growing and expansive lesion that can occur in any part of the skeletal system, but mainly in long bones and vertebrae. We present a case of orbitoethmoid aneurysmal bone cyst in a 62-year-old female presenting epiphora. Nasal endoscopy was normal. Sinus CTscan revealed an expansive mass in the right ethmoid sinus extending and destroying the right lamina papiracea. The tumor was completely resected through paralateral rhinotomy. Histological analysis showed fibrous septa containing multinucleated giant cells and bone tissue surrounding blood vessel lumens, bordered by endothelial cells. These findings are characteristic of aneurysmal bone cysts. After 30 months of postoperative follow-up the patient remains disease-free and asymptomatic. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital clinic, Barcelona, Spain. 33785jgt@comb.es Guilemany Jose Maria JM Alobid Isam I Blanch Jose Luis JL Ballesteros Ferran F Alós Llucia L Mullol Joaquim J eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal pathology radiography surgery Ethmoid Sinus Female Humans Middle Aged Orbital Diseases pathology radiography surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases pathology radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 19 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521671 15521670 2004 11 03 2005 01 11 2007 11 15

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Rhinology resources on the internet: a critical review. 158-63 During recent years, the Internet has gradually evolved into a worldwide network, allowing access to vast amounts of information and providing various services. The benefits of medical professionals of using it are growing rapidly, as even more scientific, technical and biomedical resources become available on line. The Internet has always provided useful resources to rhinologists, with the number of relevant sites increasing daily, at a rapid pace. In this article, a review of the information included in several selected rhinology web sites is presented, in order to provide guidance and context for the vast amount of information which is available on the Internet, and to promote the use of the medium to rhinologists who do not have extensive experience in computers or telecommunications. ENT Department of Tzanion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. balats@panafonet.gr Balatsouras Dimitrios G DG Kaberos Antonis C AC Korres Stavros G SG Economou Nicolas C NC Assimakopoulos Dimitris D eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Academies and Institutes Internet Otolaryngology education Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Patient Education as Topic Societies, Medical 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521670 15521669 2004 11 03 2005 01 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Histologic evaluation of nasal epithelium of the middle turbinate in untreated OSAS patients and during nCPAP therapy. 153-7 OSAS-patients complain about nasal disorders. Irritation of the nasal mucosa often leads to termination of nCPAP treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether symptoms are related to histologic changes of the nasal mucosa of the head of the middle turbinate in OSAS-patients. Semi-thin sections of epon-embedded middle turbinate biopsy samples from 35 male patients (age 51-75 yr) with OSAS were compared with those of 10 healthy men (age 51-75 yr). In untreated OSAS-patients atrophic epithelium is common whereas ciliated epithelial types are rare. After short-time nCPAP therapy (mean 581h) patches of ciliated epithelium and squamous metaplasia reappear. Short-term nCPAP leads to a partially restoration of the mucosal architecture. During long-time nCPAP therapy (mean 6.737h) squamous metaplasia with conspicuous intraepithelial connective tissue papillae predominates whereas pseudostratified ciliated epithelium is missing. Dense round cell infiltrates in the lamina propria are frequently found. Rhinitic symptoms in OSAS-patients are correlated with marked histological changes of the respiratory epithelium of the head of the middle turbinate. Histological changes in untreated OSAS differ from those of patients during nCPAP-treatment. ENT-Department, St Georgs Hospital, Lohmühlenstr 5, 20099 Hamburg, Germany. schroedt@uke.uni-hamburg.de Schrödter Sophia S Biermann Eckhardt E Halata Zdenek Z eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Basement Membrane pathology Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Sleep Apnea, Obstructive pathology Turbinates pathology 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521669 15521668 2004 11 03 2005 01 11 2009 11 19

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Muscle-building therapy in treatment of nasal valve collapse. 145-52 The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcome of muscle-building therapy for nasal muscles in cases of nasal valve stenosis or collapse. The present study was performed to investigate the best way to combine transcutaneous and intranasal surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback training of muscles involved in nasal valve function with a home exercise program and electric stimulation of nasal muscles. A randomized pilot study of 3 groups of patients (n1=12, n2=12, n3=10; total 34 patients) presenting with symptoms of obstructed nasal breathing was conducted. All selected patients demonstrated nasal valve stenosis with a positive Cottler maneuver and clinically evident nasal valve collapse. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 12 months. Treatment for Group 1 included transcutaneous and intranasal electric stimulation of nasal muscles only. Treatment for Group 2 included biofeedback training and home exercise program of specific nasal movements, and treatment for Group 3 included surface and intranasal EMG biofeedback assisted specific strategies for nasal muscle education, home exercises and electric stimulation. All patients in these groups exhibited subjective improvement. For Group 3, in 80% the improvement was proved objectively; for Group 2, in 75% the improvement was proved objectively; for Group 1, in 58,33% the improvement was proved objectively. We found no significant difference between the results in Groups 3 and 2 and poorer results in Group 1. Relieve of nasal valve stenosis and collapse can be achieved with a complex muscle-building therapy as described. It helps a significant cohort of patients with symptoms of obstructed nasal breathing to avoid surgical intervention. Electric stimulation of the muscles does not contribute significantly in achieving of good results. Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. vaimed@yahoo.com Vaiman Michael M Eviatar Ephraim E Segal Samuel S eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biofeedback, Psychology Dilatation Electric Stimulation Therapy Electromyography Exercise Therapy Facial Muscles Female Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Nasal Obstruction etiology therapy Nose Deformities, Acquired complications 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521668 15521667 2004 11 03 2005 01 11

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in immunocompromised patients. 141-4 Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFR) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, principally those with cellular immunodeficiency, with mortality ranging from 50 to 80%. Prophylaxis and early diagnosis increase the chances of successful treatment. Clinical prospective randomized study. To present cases of IFR and to compare them with data reported in the literature. Analysis of eleven cases of IFR confirmed by pathologist examination. Aspergillus was found to be the most prevalent pathogen. Symptoms ranged from high fever in most cases to nasal discharge, ulceration of the nasal mucosa, headache and periorbital edema. The combination of amphotericin B and endoscopic surgery, associated or not with Caldwell-Luc surgery, showed good results. The use of liposomal amphotericin B also presented a satisfactory outcome. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brasil. mcecilia@hcrp.fmrp.usp.br Anselmo-Lima Wilma T WT Lopes Rony P RP Valera Fabiana C P FC Demarco Ricardo C RC eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antifungal Agents 0 Liposomes 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B IM Adolescent Adult Amphotericin B administration & dosage therapeutic use Antifungal Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Female Humans Immunocompromised Host Liposomes Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Rhinitis epidemiology microbiology radiography therapy Sinusitis epidemiology microbiology radiography therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521667 15521666 2004 11 03 2005 01 11

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Point prevalence of allergic rhinitis among Saudi children. 137-40 Study of allergic rhinitis (AR) has only recently started in Saudi Arabia. No estimate of the actual percent of the population suffering from AR, especially children, is available. To study the prevalence of AR in children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the association with hearing impairment (HI) and bronchial asthma. An epidemiological survey was carried out using a modified "International study of asthma and allergies in childhood" (ISAAC) questionnaire for rhinitis phase1. The children with allergic history were subjected to allergy work up. Ten thousand children were surveyed and the clinical history of rhinitis (sneezing, rhinorrhea, irritation, nasal blockage) during the past 12 months was recorded. In total, 9540 children with complete data were interviewed. Demographic characteristics including age, sex, parents' relation, and family history were noted and an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) examination and hearing screening was performed. We identified 2529 children with rhinitis (prevalence 26.51%), 25.66% of them with physician diagnosed asthma. Laboratory tests were performed on blood samples from 304 children. A skin prick test with relevant allergens was performed on those aged 6 to 15 years: 61.8% had positive results to one or more allergens, compared to 23.75% in a non-rhinitis control group. HI was found in 450 (17.8%) of the rhinitis group compared to 791 (12.7%) among the non-rhinitis group. Compared with previous studies in Saudi Arabia, this survey showed higher rates of allergic disease. HI was also found to be higher among rhinitis children. This could be attributed to environmental, social or genetic factors. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sobki Samia Hassan SH Zakzouk Siraj Mustafa SM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Allergens Asthma epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Environmental Exposure Female Humans Male Prevalence Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial epidemiology Saudi Arabia epidemiology 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521666 15521665 2004 11 03 2005 01 11

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. 131-6 To investigate the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. Ninety-three patients (63 males, 30 females) aged between 19 - 68 years, who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for chronic sinusitis, were included in the study. Nasal mucosa, skin and adjacent structures were cleansed with povidone-iodine solution before surgery to prevent a probable contamination. In all patients, nasal swabs were taken before and after the application of povidone-iodine solution. Colonies isolated and identified as Staphylococci in cultures were further investigated for pathogenicity and antibiotic susceptibility. Slime test was used to determine the pathogenicity of CNS. The relationship between antibiotic resistance of pathogenic and non-pathogenic CNS was compared by chi2 analysis. While bacterial growth rate was 62.3% in nasal swab cultures taken before the application of povidone-iodine solution, it decreased to 12.9% after the application of solution. Microorganisms were isolated in 95.6% of cultures taken from maxillary sinuses and in 91.3% of cultures obtained from ethmoid sinuses during the FESS. The most frequently isolated microorganism in each of the sinuses was CNS. Slime test was carried out in 30 CNS isolated. Twelve of these were slime positive and 18 were slime negative. While 83.3% of CNS isolated was resistant to penicilin, all of CNS were sensitive to vancomycin and teikoplanine. The difference between slime positive and slime negative CNS for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin resistance was statistically significant (p<0.05). We consider that the pathogenicity tests like slime production and antimicrobial susceptibilities of CNS frequently isolated from the patients with chronic sinusitis should be investigated and also these microorganisms should be kept in mind in the selection of empiric treatment. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Medical Faculty Microbiology and Clinic, Microbiology Department, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. aralmurat@hotmail.com Aral Murat M Keleş Erol E Okur Erdoğan E Alpay H Cengiz HC Yilmaz Mustafa M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Coagulase IM Adult Aged Bacterial Adhesion Coagulase metabolism Drug Resistance, Bacterial Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus microbiology Ethmoid Sinusitis microbiology surgery Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus microbiology Maxillary Sinusitis microbiology surgery Microbial Sensitivity Tests Middle Aged Staphylococcus drug effects pathogenicity 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521665 15521664 2004 11 03 2005 01 11

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The role of septal deviation in adult chronic rhinosinusitis: a study of 500 patients. 126-30 Septal deviation is a common finding and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of septal deviation in the region of the ostiomeatal complex with regards to sinus disease, as staged by the Lund-Mackay scoring system in a group of adult patients with symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Five hundred consecutive patients who had undergone CT scanning of the paranasal sinuses for possible chronic sinus disease between Sept. 2002 and Dec. 2003 were recruited. Septal deviation at the ostiomeatal complex on coronal CT scan was evaluated using Radworks diagnostic 5.1 software (Applicare Medical Imaging BU). There were 219 patients with CT positive sinus disease. 281 of the patients had normal sinus CT scans (control group) and were therefore patients with rhinitis rather than rhinosinusitis. Our study showed no significant difference between the chronic rhinosinusitis group and the control group with regards to septal deviation. Nor were we able to demonstrate any correlation between the severity of septal deformity at the ostiomeatal complex region and the severity of sinus disease or OMC disease. The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Kings Cross, London WC1X 8DA, United Kingdom. harar@freenetname.co.uk Harar R P S RP Chadha N K NK Rogers G G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum Nose Deformities, Acquired physiopathology Rhinitis physiopathology Sinusitis physiopathology 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521664 15521663 2004 11 03 2005 01 11

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effects of the nasal strip and dilator on nasal breathing--a study with healthy subjects. 122-5 To investigate effects of the nose dilating devices on nasal anatomy and breathing in healthy subjects. 27 healthy subjects were tested when using the Breathe Right nasal strip or the Nozovent dilator. Posterior rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, and a subjective evaluation were used as methods. Both devices significantly increased the minimum cross-sectional area of the nasal valve and decreased nasal resistance. The Nozovent dilator proved to be significantly more effective in reducing nasal resistance than the Breathe Right nasal strip. Nose dilating devices, the Breathe Right nasal strip and the Nozovent dilator, can be used to reduce nasal resistance. More studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of the devices for patients with chronic obstruction for any reason in the valve area. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. lauri.peltonen@hus.fi Peltonen Lauri I LI Vento Seija I SI Simola Markku M Malmberg Henrik H eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Dilatation instrumentation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction prevention & control Respiration Rhinomanometry Rhinometry, Acoustic Snoring prevention & control 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521663 15521662 2004 11 03 2005 01 11

0300-0729 42 3 2004 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Postoperative care following endoscopic sinus surgery. 114-20 Postoperative care is very important in the global management of the patient undergoing ESS. Postoperative tamponnade, packing, splinting or stenting is advocated by many surgeons, but its clinical beneficial effects have not clearly been demonstrated. Postoperative rinsing/washing of the surgical cavity offers advantages in healing: high volume, low pressure is to be preferred. Suction cleaning is advocated on a weekly basis starting one week after ESS and continues until secretions, blood, crusts have disappeared. Topical medications have not been the subject of randomized clinical trials. Of the various classes of systemic (oral) medications, only steroids resulted in better short term outcome when using higher doses compared to lower doses. Antibiotics have not shown clinical effects and should not routinely be given. ENT Department, Head & Neck Surgery, UZ Sint Rafaël, Leuven, Belgium. Mark.Jorissen@uz.kuleuven.ac.be Jorissen Mark M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Glucocorticoids IM Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Endoscopy Glucocorticoids therapeutic use Humans Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Postoperative Care Stents Suction 2004 11 4 9 0 2005 1 12 9 0 2004 11 4 9 0 ppublish 15521662 15072035 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Inferior turbinate angiofibroma: an atypical presentation [correction of preservation]. 45-7 Angiofibromas are nasopharyngeal tumours mostly seen in adolescent males. They usually present with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. They account for less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumours. Extranasopharyngeal angiofibromas although rare, have been reported (Ali et al., 1982). The most common extranasopharyngeal site is the maxillary sinus. We report a case of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma arising from the inferior turbinate which had an unusual clinical presentation. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom. Taggarshe D D Quraishi M S MS Dugar J M JM eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Angiofibroma diagnosis pathology Humans Male Nose Neoplasms diagnosis pathology Turbinates pathology 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072035 15072034 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Bilateral congenital dacryocystocele as a cause of respiratory distress in a newborn. 41-4 Newborns with respiratory distress and nasal obstruction must be examined for congenital dacryocystocele. This disease is caused by a stenosis in the proximal and distal area of the nasolacrimal duct and leads to a cystic dilatation of this duct. A case of a newborn with bilateral dacryocystocele and dyspnoea is presented. The otorhinolaryngologic as well as the paediatric examination could only reveal in the rhinoscopic examination a tumor of the left nasal cavity that partly obstructed the endonasal space. No other pathologic findings were detected. To clarify the origin and the localization of the tumor as well as to exclude an intracranial relation, a magnetic resonance imaging of the middle face and the frontal skull base was performed. After probe and rinsing of the lacrimal ducts the symptoms improved rapidly. In newborns with nasal obstruction a bilateral rhinoscopy of the lower nasal meatus is required to exclude the existence of a dacryocystocele. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany. teymoort@mailer.uni-marburg.de Teymoortash A A Hesse L L Werner J A JA Lippert B M BM eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Infant, Newborn Lacrimal Apparatus abnormalities Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mucocele congenital diagnosis Nasal Obstruction diagnosis etiology Respiratory Insufficiency etiology 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072034 15072033 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2005 11 16

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A massive superior concha bullosa: case report and literature review. 38-40 The superior turbinate was the most neglected of the turbinates in the past. With the advent of functional endoscopic sinus surgery and coronal computed tomography imaging, considerable attention has been concentrated exclusively on the lateral nasal wall anatomy, including the hidden turbinate, whose symptomatic concha bullosa is extremely rare. Only a very few cases have been reported to date. This seemingly interesting as well as rare case report is concerned with unilateral hyperpneumatization of the superior turbinate, which contacts the septum and leads to headache, associated with bilateral massive concha bullosa of the middle turbinate. Department of Radiology, Atatürk University Medical School, Erzurum, Turkey. Alper Fatih F Karaşen R Murat RM Kantarci Mecit M eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Headache etiology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nose Diseases diagnosis Turbinates pathology 5 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072033 15072032 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nodular fasciitis of the infraorbital rim in an adult patient. 35-7 Nodular fasciitis is a fibroblastic proliferation in which nodules develop rapidly. It most commonly affects the extremities followed by the trunk and occasionally the head and neck. Case report. A 32-year-old male was seen with a 4-month history of a painless infraorbital mass. On examination, a swelling was palpable anterior to the left infraorbital rim. There was some depression of the left corner of his mouth. Computerized tomography showed soft tissue swelling anterior to the left maxillary antrum which, also, appeared to be diseased. The mass was thought to be malignant owing to the short history, associated facial asymmetry and maxillary sinus opacity. Excisional biopsy was performed. Histology proved it to be nodular fasciitis. The importance of otolaryngologists being aware of this entity is stressed. Simple excision, as tissue sparing as possible, is the treatment of choice. Department of Otolaryngology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Karagama Yakubu G YG Karkos Petros D PD Smelt Graham J GJ Ali H H HH eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Fasciitis diagnosis pathology radiography Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography Orbital Diseases diagnosis pathology radiography Paranasal Sinus Diseases radiography 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072032 15072031 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between the sphenoid and the posterior ethmoid sinuses and the optic nerves in Turkish patients. 30-4 The sphenoid and the posterior ethmoid sinuses are surrounded by more vital structures than any other sinus. With the widespread acceptance and expanding role of endoscopic sinus surgery, a proper understanding of the anatomy of the sphenoid and the posterior ethmoid sinuses is achieved. We reviewed 100 CT studies of the paranasal sinuses belonging to patients examined for a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. The relationship between the optic nerves and the paranasal sinuses is classified into four discrete categories. Type 1 with a proportion of 64% is observed to be the most often localized optic nerve. Type 2 is detected in 22% of the cases; types 3 and 4 are both 7% of the total number. A bony dehiscence was detected in 13.5% of the total cases, while it was observed in 39% of type 2 and 43% of type 3. We found a pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process in 11% of the patients. The proportion of pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process in type 3 configurations is found out to be as high as 86%. Optic nerve dehiscence was seen with a proportion of 23% in cases of pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process. Pneumatization of the posterior nasal septum was detected in 15% of the 100 cases. When the optic nerves were evaluated in these cases, mostly the type 1 configuration with a proportion of 63% was observed. An extensively pneumatized sphenoid sinus was detected in 4% of the 100 cases. Five of the investigated 8 optic nerves of these 4 cases were found out to be type 3 (62.5%). No significant optic nerve variations were met in patients with pneumatization of the posterior nasal septum. Nevertheless while performing surgery, it is important to bear in mind that there may be significant optic nerve variations with pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process and extensively pneumatized sphenoid sinuses. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, PTT (Posta Telefon Telgraf) Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. tariksapci@tnn.net Sapçi Tarik T Derin Esin E Almaç Senem S Cumali Rana R Saydam Bülent B Karavuş Melda M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Ethmoid Sinus radiography Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum radiography Optic Nerve radiography Sinusitis radiography Sphenoid Bone radiography Sphenoid Sinus radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072031 15072030 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology An open label, randomized comparative study of levofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of purulent sinusitis in adult Thai patients. 23-9 The objective of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and bacteriological response of levofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) in the treatment of purulent maxillary sinusitis. Sixty patients randomly received either levofloxacin 300 mg orally once daily (LEV group) or co-amoxiclav 625 mg three times a day (COA group) for 14 days. Thirty four patients were in the LEV group and 26 patients were in the COA group. The mean total symptom score was significantly decreased after treatment and was comparable between both groups. Radiological improvement was 61.8% in the LEV group (41.2% resolution, 20.6% improvement) and 61.5% in the COA group (26.9% resolution, 34.6% improvement). Pretreatment maxillary antral aspiration cultures were positive in 28 patients (82.4%) in the LEV group and 20 patients (76.9%) in the COA group. Bacteriological eradication was 78.5% in the LEV group and 70.0% in the COA group, which was not significantly different. In the LEV group, the eradication rate for major pathogens of acute sinusitis was 100% for H. influenzae (both betalactamase +ve and -ve), 100% for S. pneumoniae and S. aureus, 100% for Neisseria species, and 66.7% for P. aeruginosa. The eradication rate in the COA group was 75% for H. influenzae (both betalactamase +ve and -ve), 100% for S. pnumoniae and S. aureus, 50% for Neisseria species, and 0% for P. aeruginosa. There were no significant changes in vital sign measurements or hemato-biochemical parameters at the end of treatment as compared to baseline values, in both groups. Adverse events were found in 8.8% of patient in the LEV group and in 7.7% of patients in the COA group. Adverse events included nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. All the adverse events in both groups were mild and resolved spontaneously. This study demonstrated that levofloxacin 300 mg orally once daily was as effective and safe as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 625 mg three times a day in the treatment of maxillary sinusitis, either acute or acute exacerbation. Both drugs showed bacteriological efficacy that was not significantly different. The once daily dosage regimen is more applicable, convenience and has better compliance. Rhinology & Allergy Division, Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Jareoncharsri Perapun P Bunnag Chaweewan C Fooanant Supranee S Tunsuriyawong Prayuth P Voraprayoon Siriporn S Srifuengfung Somporn S Dhiraputra Chertsak C eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Infective Agents 74469-00-4 Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination 82419-36-1 Ofloxacin IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination therapeutic use Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use Drug Therapy, Combination therapeutic use Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis drug therapy microbiology Middle Aged Ofloxacin therapeutic use Suppuration 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072030 15072029 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The evaluation of the effects of lateral osteotomies on the lacrimal drainage system after rhinoplasty using active transport dacryocystography. 19-22 The lacrimal drainage system (LDS) is vulnerable to surgical trauma during rhinoplasty. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of the low lateral osteotomies on the LDS during rhinoplasty using active transport dacryocystography (ATD) at the late postoperative stage. Twenty patients who underwent open rhinoplasty were evaluated by ATD between the sixth and seventh postoperative months. Presence of the LDS dehiscence and the absence of the passage of the contrast material into the inferior meatus were noted as signs of injury to the LDS in ATD. The proximity of the osteotomy site to the LDS was measured using three different measurements in ATD. The distance from the lacrimal fossa to the lateral osteotomy site, the distance from the inferior meatus to the lateral osteotomy site and the distance from the middle point of the lacrimal fossa and inferior meatus to the lateral osteotomy site were measured. The anatomic integrity of the bone structure around the LDS was preserved in all patients and free drainage of contrast media from the fossa lacrimalis to inferior meatus was observed in ATD evaluation of all patients. The average distance from the LDS to the lateral osteotomy site was found to be between 7-8.8 mm. In conclusion, the low lateral osteotomy is a safe method in order to avoid trauma to the LDS, and ATD seems an appropriate diagnostic technique in evaluation of the LDS after rhinoplasty. Department of Otolaryngology, Sisli Etfal Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. dryigit@hotmail.com Yigit Ozgur O Cinar Ugur U Coskun Berna Uslu BU Akgul Gokhan G Celik Deniz D Celebi Irfan I Dadas Burhan B eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Lacrimal Apparatus radiography Lacrimal Duct Obstruction etiology radiography Male Nasal Bone radiography surgery Osteotomy adverse effects Rhinoplasty adverse effects 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072029 15072028 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal endoscopy in asthmatic children: clinical role in the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis. 15-8 The aim of the study was to determine the role of rigid nasal endoscopy in the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis and adenoiditis in asthmatic children. Hundred-forty-five asthmatic children (aged 2-15 years) with recurrent upper respiratory symptoms were evaluated with complete ENT examination and nasal endoscopy by rigid endoscope during local anaesthesia. A step by step endoscopic procedure is described. Endoscopy was successfully performed in 128 patients (88.3%). Purulent rhinosinusitis was diagnosed in 61 subjects (47.6%) and adenoiditis in 45 subjects (35.1%). Rhinosinusitis was associated with adenoiditis in 35 subjects (27.3%), more frequently in younger children (i.e. 2-5 years). Nasal bacteria occurred in 90% of rhinosinusitis patients. Numerous anatomical anomalies were identified. Endoscopy of nasal cavity and rhinopharynx is less traumatic and more readily accepted than other methods. Nasal endoscopy may be proposed as an appropriate routine diagnostic tool in children since it is well tolerated, easily and quickly performed, cost-efficient, and useful in diagnosing rhinosinusitis. ENT Department, San Martino Hospital Genoa, Italy. franco.ameli@tin.it Ameli F F Castelnuovo P P Pagella F F Caligo G G Cerniglia M M Delù G G Tosca M A MA Marseglia G L GL Ciprandi G G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoids pathology Adolescent Asthma complications Child Child, Preschool Endoscopy Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity Rhinitis complications diagnosis Sinusitis complications diagnosis 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072028 15072027 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Sinonasal pathology and headaches. 8-14 Primary headaches or other chronic headaches can be triggered by sinonasal pathologies, or variations within the sinonasal tract. Establishing a cause and effect relationship between certain sinonasal conditions and chronic headaches can justify sinonasal surgery for the relief of headaches and provide considerable relief to a subgroup of patients with chronic headaches resistant to medical treatment. A prospective study on 204 patients undergoing sinonasal surgery for an apperent symptomatic sinonasal pathology was conducted to determine the incidence and types of headaches in sinonasal patients preoperatively, the presence of potential sinonasal triggering mechanisms, and postoperative headache relief when such triggers are removed. The relationship between potential triggers and postoperative relief is analysed to determine a possible link. Headache was a major complaint in 50% of these patients and the overall incidence of primary type headaches was 25.5% (52 of 204 patients). Postoperatively, 83.4% of the patients expressed improvement of the headaches (85/102). High scores of preoperative Sinonasal Headache Quotient (SNHQ), obtained through a general questionnaire and endoscopic/radiologic work up seems to correlate well with postoperative relief of headaches (p < 0.0001), as well as a well defined lesion site and an ipsilateral pain localization (p < 0.02). A detailed sinonasal analysis of chronic headache patients may help identify a subgroup with potential sinonasal triggers and these patients may experience considerable relief of headache following surgery. Department of Otolaryngology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. dsenocak@superonline.com Senocak Doğan D Senocak Mustafa M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Female Headache etiology Humans Male Nasal Obstruction complications Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications surgery Sinusitis complications 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072027 15072026 2004 04 09 2004 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 1 2004 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of a diagnostic questionnaire for nasal polyposis: an observational, cross-sectional study. 1-7 Nasal polyposis (NP) represents actually a matter of concern for most ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists. In France, we lack data on NP prevalence due to the unavailability of a validated diagnostic questionnaire easily usable in population-based studies. The present study tested the sensitivity and specificity of an 11-item questionnaire for NP diagnosis from which an algorithm of diagnosis decision was inferred. Outpatients from 3 ENT departments were asked to complete the questionnaire prior to their visit. After the visit, the investigator had to write his final diagnosis (FD) on the envelope containing the questionnaire, without reading the patient's responses. Data from 406 patients showed a good specificity and sensitivity of most items. Awareness of NP, previous cortisone therapy for nasal pathology, and history of nasal surgery were shown to be the most discriminating items. An algorithm was elaborated by aggregation of the different items; its specificity and sensitivity were close to 90%. These diagnostic questionnaire and algorithm, although not substitutable to a clinical diagnosis, should be very useful for population-based studies. Laboratoire Glaxo SmithKline, Marly-le-Roi, France. aeh82790@gsk.com el Hasnaoui Abdelkader A Jankowski Roger R Serrano Elie E Pribil Céline C Neukirch Françoise F Klossek Jean-Michel JM eng Journal Article Multicenter Study Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Algorithms Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Nasal Polyps diagnosis Questionnaires Sensitivity and Specificity 2004 4 10 5 0 2004 6 17 5 0 2004 4 10 5 0 ppublish 15072026 15224639 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal teeth associated with rhinosinusitis. 107-10 Intranasal ectopic dentition is a rare clinical entity. It may be asymptomatic or can be associated with different symptoms. In 25% of the reported cases an association with rhinosinusitis is suspected. The possible pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Teeth in the floor of both nasal cavities, associated with chronic rhinosinusitis, are reported for the first time, and a new treatment option of endonasal extraction under microscopic control is presented. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel. misokolov@list.ru Sokolov Maxim M Jecker Peter P Roth Yehudah Y eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Choristoma complications radiography surgery Female Humans Nasal Cavity radiography surgery Nose Diseases complications radiography surgery Rhinitis etiology surgery Sinusitis etiology surgery Tooth 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224639 15224638 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Solid cast-forming actinomycotic canaliculitis: case report. 103-6 Solid-cast forming actinomycotic canaliculitis is an uncommon cause of unilateral chronic red eye resistant to conventional topical medical therapy. The authors report the history of a 62-year old woman who was complaining of mucopurulent discharge from the right lower canaliculus for a period of 12 months. Culture yielded a few colonies of Actinomyces. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a dilation of the right lower canaliculus. The signal was hypointense and heterogeneous on both T1 and T2 weighted sequences. Surgery enabled removal of several solid yellowish casts and resulted in resolution of the disease. Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of dense, basophilic conglomerates of filamentous organisms. Because rhinologists have more and more opportunities to perform surgery of the lachrymal pathway they need to be informed about this clinical entity. ENT & HNS Department, University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Catholic University of Leuven, Yvoir, Belgium. philippe.eloy@orlo.ucl.ac.be Eloy Philippe P Brandt Heidi H Nollevaux Marie-Cécile MC Levecq Laurent L Collet Stéphanie S Rombaux Philippe P Bertrand Bernard B eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Actinomycosis pathology surgery Dacryocystitis microbiology pathology surgery Female Humans Middle Aged 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224638 15224637 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The impact of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on health status. 98-102 Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a procedure routinely performed for chronic rhinosinusitis. The Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), a post interventional questionnaire with General, Social support and Physical Health subscales, was posted to 121 patients. Seventy seven replies were received (63.6%), 31 of the respondents were female and 46 male. Forty four procedures were performed for nasal polyposis and 33 for sinusitis. Overall 14 patients had unilateral sinus surgery, 63 had bilateral procedures and the mean follow up period was 28 months (range 6 to 55 months). The GBI scores were mainly positive, indicating a benefit from the procedure. On comparing polyposis and sinusitis scores, the difference in the Total GBI and General Subscale scores indicated a greater benefit for polyp disease (p = 0.045 and 0.022). No statistical difference was seen on comparing the scores for female vs. male, by age, bilateral vs. unilateral or by follow up period. This study validates FESS as a procedure for rhinosinusitis as it leads to an improvement in quality of life of patients. Department of Otolaryngology, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Suffolk, United Kingdom. Salhab M M Matai V V Salam M A MA eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Health Status Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Quality of Life Questionnaires Rhinitis surgery Treatment Outcome 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224637 15224636 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2005 11 16

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Epistaxis and oral anticoagulant therapy. 92-7 Epistaxis in the anticoagulated patient poses a complicated management problem, which requires interdisciplinary collaboration. The aetiology of the majority of cases of epistaxis remains idiopathic, but an ageing population and the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease has meant that there are increasing numbers of patients on long term oral anticoagulant therapy. This has led to a concomitant increase in the incidence of complications experienced. We have reviewed the available relevant literature and guidelines in the current management practice in this scenario. In light of this, we propose a more standardised algorithm for the management of epistaxis in this challenging group of patients. Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital, Lewisham, Lewisham High Street, London SE13 6LH, United Kingdom. natashamasood1@aol.com Choudhury N N Sharp H R HR Mir N N Salama N Y NY eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anticoagulants IM Administration, Oral Algorithms Anticoagulants administration & dosage adverse effects Decision Trees Epistaxis chemically induced therapy Humans 39 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224636 15224635 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2011 11 17

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Phospholipase A2 mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa of healthy subjects and patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 85-91 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a family of enzymes that play different role(s) in inflammation, but their importance in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) has not been clarified. Here, we determined the levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for different PLA2 types in the nasal mucosa of SAR patients (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 5). Nasal brush samples were taken both during pollen season, when the symptoms of the patients were severe, and off-season, when the patients were free of symptoms. We found that PLA2 IB, IIA, IID, IIE, IIF, III, IVA, IVB, IVC, VIA, VIB, VIIA, VIIB, VIIIA, VIIIB, X, XII and XIII were all expressed in each subject at both occasions. The mRNA levels of PLA2 VIIA (platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase) were lower in SAR patients than controls, both during pollen season (p = 0.03) and off season (p = 0.03). These findings demonstrate that a large number of PLA2 types are expressed in the nasal mucosa, regardless of whether there is ongoing allergic inflammation or not. The observation that PAF acetylhydrolase mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa is lower in SAR patients than in healthy subjects suggests the possibility that impaired ability to inactivate PAF might be of importance in SAR. Further studies are required to clarify whether the decreased PAF acetylhydrolase mRNA expression in SAR is accompanied by decreased enzyme activity and whether aberrations in PAF acetylhydrolase are present in infectious rhinitis patients as well. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Linkôping, S-581 85 Linkôping, Sweden. Johli@imk.liu.se Lindbom John J Ljungman Anders G AG Irander Kristina K Lindahl Mats M Tagesson Christer C eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 RNA, Messenger 0 SCGB1A1 protein, human 9060-09-7 Uteroglobin EC 1.14.13.39 NOS2 protein, human EC 1.14.13.39 Nitric Oxide Synthase EC 1.14.13.39 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II EC 3.1.1.- Phospholipases A EC 3.1.1.4 Phospholipases A2 IM Case-Control Studies Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase genetics metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Phospholipases A genetics metabolism Phospholipases A2 RNA, Messenger genetics Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal metabolism Seasons Uteroglobin genetics metabolism 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224635 15224634 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2007 11 15

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Partial laser turbinectomy: two year outcomes in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. 81-4 The aim was to compare two year outcomes of partial laser turbinectomy in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis with respect to nasal obstruction symptom scores and nasal peak inspiratory flow rates (nPIFR). This has not been reported previously. Fifty-four patients underwent partial laser turbinectomy (28 with allergic rhinitis, 26 with non-allergic rhinitis). NPIFR was measured preoperatively, at 3 months and two years postoperatively. A symptom score questionnaire was also completed. Both allergic and non-allergic patients showed a significant improvement in symptom scores and nPIER at three months (n = 54). The improvement in allergic patients was greater. In the 31 patients seen at two years, there was still a significant improvement in median symptom scores but no such improvement in median nPIFR. In allergic patients (n = 18) at two years, there was no significant improvement in symptom and nPIFR scores. Non-allergic patients (n = 13), however, did show sustained significant improvement in these scores (p < 0.05). Eighty-seven percent (26/31) considered the operation successful and would recommend it to others. Non-allergic patients derive a more sustained improvement in the medium term compared to allergic individuals when undergoing partial laser turbinectomy. The improvement in symptom scores in the group as a whole was still significant. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, Lancashire BB2 3LR, England. kaz.sandhu@virgin.net Sandhu A S AS Temple R H RH Timms M S MS eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Inhalation Laser Therapy Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Prospective Studies Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications surgery Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal complications surgery Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224634 15224633 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2004 11 17

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgical anatomy of the turbinal wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth. 73-80 The upper part of the lateral nasal wall is formed by a common structure or conchal lamina that is attached all along the junction between the ethmoidal roof and the cribriform plate. From this continuous conchal lamina, the different ethmoidal turbinates take their origin. All these structures form a well defined wall that encloses the ethmoidal cells medially and that deserves the name of "turbinal wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth". The objectives of this paper were: 1) to precisely define the anatomical landmarks of the turbinal wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth, and 2) to study, from an anatomical point of view, the consequences of the surgical resection of the middle turbinate. We performed an anatomic study on 12 frozen human heads, cut in a median-sagittal plane, and then photographed with a millimetre scale in order to perform several measurements. The surface of the turbinal wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth can range from 6.1 to 11.3 cm2. The resection of the middle turbinate preserves approximately half of the turbinal wall, this being around 4.3 cm2 (range 2.6 to 6.3 cm2). The conchal lamina appears as the noble sensorial element of the turbinal wall. It can be described as a continuous bone plate, grossly rectangular in shape, measuring approximately 1 cm in height and 3.5 cm in length that forms the lateral wall of the olfactory groove. The anatomic study shows that its dimensions can vary from simple to double in different individuals. It seems to us that instead of considering the difference of height between the cribriform plate and the ethmoidal roof (Keros classification), we should consider the vertical height of the conchal lamina as a potential risk factor in ethmoidal surgery. Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Nancy, France. Bodino C C Jankowski R R Grignon B B Jimenez-Chobillon A A Braun M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Anthropometry Dissection Ethmoid Bone anatomy & histology Ethmoid Sinus anatomy & histology Humans Maxillary Sinus anatomy & histology Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Turbinates anatomy & histology surgery 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224633 15224632 2004 06 30 2004 10 19

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of nasal packing and prednisolone on mucosal healing and reciliation in a sheep model. 68-72 To determine whether topical prednisolone affected sinus mucosal healing in a sheep animal model. A standardised sheep model with concurrent Oestrus ovus infection was utilised. Following full thickness nasal mucosal injuries, hyaluronic acid packs soaked with prednisolone were applied to one side of the nasal cavity, with hyaluronic acid packs without prednisolone, to the other. At four weekly intervals, for 16 weeks, mucosal biopsies were taken and analysed for epithelial thickness and length, for cilial height and percentage of ciliated mucosa and mucosal inflammation. Eighteen sheep were utilised, with each acting as its own control. At completion of the study there was no statistical difference between the control or treatment group for the percentage of mucosal epithelialisation (mean: 86.5% vs 92.2%), epithelial thickness (mean: 39.7 microns vs 39.3 microns or the percentage of epithelium ciliated (mean: 26.5% vs 30.8%). Furthermore prednisolone had no effect on mucosal inflammation with the control arm mean score of 3.44 (SD .022) and treatment arm mean of 3.77 (SD 0.21). Hyaluronic acid nasal packs soaked in prednisolone failed to improve the speed of mucosal healing or re-ciliation in the sheep model of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis. Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Adelaide & Flinders Universities of Australia, Adelaide, Australia. Robinson Simon S Adams Damian D Wormald Peter John PJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adjuvants, Immunologic 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 111745-19-8 hyaluronic acid ethyl ester 50-24-8 Prednisolone 9004-61-9 Hyaluronic Acid IM Adjuvants, Immunologic administration & dosage Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Cilia drug effects Disease Models, Animal Eosinophilia physiopathology surgery Hyaluronic Acid administration & dosage analogs & derivatives Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiopathology surgery Prednisolone administration & dosage Rhinitis physiopathology surgery Sheep Sinusitis physiopathology surgery Wound Healing drug effects 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224632 15224631 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2011 11 17

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Increased nasal patency caused by smoking and contraction of isolated human nasal mucosa. 63-7 In this study, we investigated the effects of smoking and nicotine, an important constituent of cigarettes, on the nasal patency using acoustic rhinometry (AR) and an in vitro bioassay technique. In the AR study, the nasal cavity volume of volunteers classified into two groups, smoking and nicotine chewing gum groups, was measured. The nasal cavity volumes immediately after smoking and 5 minutes after smoking significantly increased compared with that before smoking (P < 0.05), whereas the nasal cavity volume after chewing a nicotine gum was unchanged compared with that before chewing the gum. An in vitro study showed significant nicotine-induced contraction of the human nasal mucosa (50.2 +/- 14.0% noradrenaline-induced contraction: n = 10). The threshold nicotine level that can induce human nasal mucosa contraction was 3.0 x 10(-7) M. Prazosin (10(-6) M) inhibited nicotine-induced contraction incompletely (20.5 +/- 7.5% of noradrenaline-induced contraction n = 5). These results indicate that smoking increases nasal patency and that nicotine induces contraction of the human nasal mucosa. The nicotine-induced contraction is likely mediated, at least in part by alpha1-adrenoceptors. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Toshiba Hospital. rhinology-tky@umin.ac.jp Maeda Yoh-ichiro Y Okita Wataru W Ichimura Keiichi K eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists 0 Central Nervous System Stimulants 0 Chewing Gum 0 Polymethacrylic Acids 0 Polyvinyls 0 Sympathomimetics 19216-56-9 Prazosin 51-41-2 Norepinephrine 54-11-5 Nicotine IM Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists pharmacology Adult Central Nervous System Stimulants pharmacology Chewing Gum Culture Techniques Humans Male Nasal Cavity drug effects pathology Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Nicotine analogs & derivatives pharmacology Norepinephrine pharmacology Polymethacrylic Acids pharmacology Polyvinyls pharmacology Prazosin pharmacology Rhinometry, Acoustic Smoking Sympathomimetics pharmacology Tobacco Use Cessation Products 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224631 15224630 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide aqueous nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. 57-62 This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of budesonide in an aqueous nasal spray (BANS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, parallel-group study, patients (n = 167) with persistent rhinosinusitis symptoms despite 2-weeks' antibiotic treatment were randomised to receive BANS 128 micrograms b.i.d. or placebo for 20 weeks. Morning combined symptom scores (CSS) in patients receiving BANS decreased by a mean of -1.85 (95% CI -2.27, -1.43), versus -1.02 (-1.43, -0.61) in the placebo group (p = 0.005); corresponding values for evening CSS were -1.78 (-2.22, -1.35) and -1.02 (-1.45, -0.60), respectively (p = 0.012). BANS produced significant reductions in nasal congestion and discharge scores, and improved patients' sense of smell (morning only), versus placebo. Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) increased significantly during BANS treatment. In allergic patients, BANS significantly (p < 0.001) reduced both morning -1.40 (-2.18, -0.62) and evening -1.37 (-2.15, -0.58) CSS from baseline versus placebo, but changes in non-allergic patients (morning: -0.04 [-0.95, 0.87]; evening: 0.14 [-0.81, 1.09]) were not significant. PNIF was significantly (p < 0.01) increased in both allergic and non-allergic patients from baseline versus placebo. BANS is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. v.lund@ucl.ac.uk Lund Valerie J VJ Black John H JH Szabó László Z LZ Schrewelius Camilla C Akerlund Anders A eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Pharmaceutical Solutions 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use Budesonide administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use Chronic Disease Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pharmaceutical Solutions Rhinitis complications drug therapy Sinusitis complications drug therapy 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224630 15224629 2004 06 30 2004 10 19 2005 11 17

0300-0729 42 2 2004 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Allergic rhinitis: aetiology, predisposing and risk factors. 49-56 The reason for examining the predisposing and risk factors that affect the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is to help understand its cause and prevent its occurrence particularly in the light of the marked increase that is taking place in the prevalence of this condition. The epidemiology in different population groups and studying patient's family histories may give us clues about what factors predispose people to developing allergic rhinitis. Furthermore we can gain a better understanding of the disease mechanisms from the histological and molecular tissue studies that relate to allergic rhinitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom. nick.jones@nottingham.ac.uk Jones Nick N eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Disease Susceptibility etiology Humans Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial etiology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal etiology Risk Factors 137 2004 7 1 5 0 2004 10 20 9 0 2004 7 1 5 0 ppublish 15224629 15626265 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2007 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology "Double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing Merocel with Rapid Rhino nasal packs after routine nasal surgery". 255; author reply 255 Ho Wai-Kuen WK eng Comment Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Hemostatics 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol IM Rhinology. 2003 Dec;41(4):241-3 14750352 Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic methods Double-Blind Method Epistaxis etiology prevention & control Formaldehyde adverse effects therapeutic use Hemostatics adverse effects therapeutic use Humans Nose surgery Polyvinyl Alcohol adverse effects therapeutic use Postoperative Hemorrhage etiology prevention & control Research Design Tampons, Surgical adverse effects 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626265 15626264 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal surgery: evidence of efficacy. Evidence on efficacy in nasal surgery. Surgical management of nasal polyposis. 253-4 Department of ORL, CHU-Hopital Centre, 54035 Nancy Cedex, France. Jankowski Roger R eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 50-24-8 Prednisolone 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Budesonide administration & dosage Combined Modality Therapy Humans Nasal Obstruction drug therapy etiology surgery Nasal Polyps complications drug therapy surgery Olfaction Disorders drug therapy etiology surgery Prednisolone administration & dosage Recovery of Function physiology Treatment Outcome 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626264 15626263 2004 12 31 2005 03 29

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal surgery: evidence of efficacy. The patient's view on outcomes of septal surgery. 250-2 ISEG - Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Systems Research, Hanover, Germany. Bitzer Eva Maria EM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Follow-Up Studies Health Surveys Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum pathology surgery Patient Satisfaction Recovery of Function physiology Treatment Outcome 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626263 15626262 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2005 11 16

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal surgery: evidence of efficacy. Septal and turbinate surgery. 248-50 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Surrey Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom. Rowe-Jones Julian J eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum surgery Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery 32 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626262 15626261 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2005 11 16

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal surgery: evidence of efficacy. Nasal surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis evidence of efficacy? 246-8 ENT Department, Greiswald, Germany. Hosemann W W eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Paranasal Sinuses surgery Rhinitis surgery Sinusitis surgery Treatment Outcome 20 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626261 15626260 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of home oxygen induced rhinitis: an unusual use for a nasal obturator. 244-5 Patients requiring home oxygen can experience drying and crusting of nasal mucosa. On occasion it can be severe causing significant discomfort. In this report we present such a case. To prevent nasal airflow and hence reduce symptoms the patient was fitted with a nasal obturator. The use of the nasal obturator resulted in a rapid resolution of her symptoms. In this case the use of the nasal obturator was reversible and a simple solution for the treatment of a difficult condition. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom. drkenwu@hotmail.com Wu K K Ahmed A A Woolford T J TJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dimethylpolysiloxanes 0 Silicones 63148-62-9 baysilon IM Dimethylpolysiloxanes Female Humans Middle Aged Oxygen Inhalation Therapy adverse effects Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive therapy Rhinitis etiology prevention & control Silicones Tampons, Surgical 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626260 15626259 2004 12 31 2005 03 29

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic modified lothrop procedure: an alternative for frontal osteoma excision. 239-43 To describe three cases of frontal osteoma which were safely removed with a stereotactic-assisted, endoscopic modified Lothrop approach (EMLP). Retrospective case review. Three patients presented with extensive frontal sinus osteomas. Two underwent an EMLP and one patient with osteoma extending significantly into the orbit had an EMLP for removal of the medial frontal sinus component combined with an anterior orbitotomy to remove the orbital extension. In all cases stereotactic localization was utilized to ensure preservation of the skull base. Post-operatively, one patient required debridement of oedema at the junction of a lateral mucocele and the frontal sinus. The other two patients remained well post-operatively with no complications. At follow-up, there was no tumour recurrence. A stereotactic-assisted, EMLP with or without an orbital approach may be considered for the removal of large frontal osteomas and may provide a less invasive alternative to traditional external approaches. Oculoplastic & Orbital Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia. celiachen@bigpond.com Chen Celia C Selva Dinesh D Wormald Peter-John PJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy methods Female Frontal Bone surgery Humans Male Osteoma surgery Skull Neoplasms surgery Stereotaxic Techniques 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626259 15626258 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Cocaine flakes versus tetracaine/adrenaline solution for local anaesthesia in septoplasty. 236-8 The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of cocaine flakes compared to tetracaine with adrenaline solution, as a local anaesthetic for patients undergoing septoplasty. From January 2001 to December 2002, 220 patients underwent septoplasty under local anaesthesia. Patients were randomly classified in group A and group B, where cocaine and the solution of tetracaine/adrenaline were used respectively. A visual analogue scale was used to evaluate the severity of the patients'pain during the procedure. The patients of group B showed a statistically significant lower pain score than patients of group A. We believe that the solution of tetracaine/adrenaline is an effective and safe anaesthetic for patients undergoing septoplasty under local anaesthesia. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. jbizakis@med.uoc.gr Bizakis John G JG Lachanas Vassilios A VA Drivas Emmanuel I EI Kyrmizakis Dionysios E DE Prokopakis Emmanuel P EP Benakis Antonios A AA Helidonis Emmanuel S ES eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 0 Pharmaceutical Solutions 0 Vasoconstrictor Agents 50-36-2 Cocaine 51-43-4 Epinephrine 94-24-6 Tetracaine IM Adolescent Adult Aged Anesthesia, Local Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage Cocaine administration & dosage Drug Therapy, Combination Epinephrine administration & dosage Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Pain Measurement Pharmaceutical Solutions Prospective Studies Tetracaine administration & dosage Vasoconstrictor Agents administration & dosage 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626258 15626257 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology What are the advantages of the endoscopic canine fossa approach in treating maxillary sinus aspergillomas? 230-5 Aspergilloma of the maxillary sinus is a non-invasive mycotic infection of the immunocompetent host. Nowadays its treatment remains surgical removal, and endoscopic endonasal middle meatus antrostomy is retained as the most popular approach. In our experience, a complementary endoscopic canine fossa approach is often needed to achieve a complete resection of the fungus ball. This fact led us to ask ourselves if an isolated endoscopic canine fossa approach had any advantages over the endonasal middle meatus antrostomy. In this paper we retrospectively analyse the results of the surgical treatment of 31 patients presenting maxillary sinus aspergillomas. These patients were all operated between January 1997 and January 2003 in our Otolaryngology Department. They were divided in three groups. Group A included 10 patients operated through an endonasal middle meatotomy only, group B included 9 patients who were operated through a combined approach (endonasal middle meatus antrostomy and endoscopic canine fossa approach), and group C included 12 patients who were operated through an endoscopic canine fossa approach alone. No recurrences were noted in any group, but in group B three patients presented mild complications like persistent purulent discharge through the meatotomy and nasal crusting. The endoscopic canine fossa approach offers several advantages over other techniques. These include an optimal visualization of all maxillary sinus walls and recesses, the possibility of performing the procedure under local anaesthesia and on an outpatient basis, the preservation of the anatomy and physiology of the natural maxillary ostium and an easy removal of the eventual foreign bodies of dental origin in the sinusal cavity that could favourite the development of an aspergilloma. Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Department, Central Hospital, Nancy, France. Chobillon Marcos Alejandro Jiménez MA Jankowski Roger R eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aspergillosis surgery Cuspid Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxilla surgery Maxillary Sinus surgery Middle Aged Nasal Cavity surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases microbiology surgery Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626257 15626256 2004 12 31 2005 03 29

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A radiological anatomic study of the cribriform plate compared with constant structures. 225-9 Understanding of the anterior skull base anatomy is crucial to avoid intracranial violations during endoscopic surgery. The aims of this study were to define the normative data about cribriform plate depth and the relationship between this dimension and the measurements of the adjacent anatomical structures such as middle turbinate length, maximal vertical orbital height and distance between the ethmoid roof and the nasal floor. Paranasal computerized tomographic scans of 136 healthy adults were included into the study. The cribriform plate depth compared to the ethmoid roof and the adjacent anatomical structures mentioned above were measured bilaterally. The maximal vertical orbital height was detected as the most constant anatomic measurement. We found the mean level difference between the ethmoid roof and the cribriform plate as 6.1 +/- 2.3 (range 1-12 mm) on the left side and 6.1 +/- 2.2 (1-15 mm) on the right side. The middle turbinate was significantly longer in the Keros Type I group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, the distance between the ethmoid roof and the nasal floor was lowest in the Keros Type I group (p<0.01). The distance between the ethmoid roof and the nasal floor was statistically higher in Keros group 3 among all groups (p<0.01). The deeper the cribriform plate, the higher the nasal cavity. To the best of our knowledge, our study has a unique feature by including the data of the constant anatomical structures comparing with the cribriform plate depth. Since in the group with excessive cribriform plate depth, the middle turbinate was short, care should be taken especially during middle turbinate resections. Radiology Department, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. erdemgulnur@hotmail.com Erdem Gulnur G Erdem Tamer T Miman Murat Cem MC Ozturan Orhan O eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Body Weights and Measures Ethmoid Bone anatomy & histology radiography Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology radiography Orbit anatomy & histology radiography Reference Values Turbinates anatomy & histology radiography 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626256 15626255 2004 12 31 2005 03 29

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Relationship between mucoceles, nasal polyposis and nasalisation. 219-24 The etiology of sinus mucoceles remains somewhat obscure, but favorizing factors can be broadly divided in two: inflammation and trauma. Patients suffering from nasal polyposis offer a unique group for the study of mucoceles as they present the factor of inflammation related to their polyposis, and the factor of trauma when being treated surgically. In order to establish the relationship between nasal polyposis, mucoceles and nasalisation, we performed a retrospective study on the files of 501 patients operated according to the nasalisation technique. We then selected all the patients who also presented with a mucocele that could be diagnosed before, during or after the surgery. We also noted the presence of associated pathologies like bronchial asthma or the Fernand Widal's syndrome (Samter's triad), in order to see if they played a role in mucocele.formation. Our study group finally included 36 patients that presented one or several mucoceles in association with nasal polyposis. Only three of them did not have any antecedent of surgery or known trauma, giving an incidence of mucoceles associated to a non-surgically treated polyposis of 0.6%. The mean incidence rate of mucocele formation after nasalisation for nasal polyposis was estimated to be of 2.5/100 patients per year. The real incidence may be greater as some patients may have been lost in follow up. Sixteen patients presented multiple mucoceles. The most frequent location was the fronto-ethmoidal region. The formation of mucoceles, or their multiplicity, did not appear to be influenced by the presence of an associated pathology, as up to one half of the patients presented an isolated nasal polyposis. Nevertheless, when associated pathologies were present, mucoceles were more frequently observed in the Widal's triad. Most of the mucoceles were diagnosed during the first 6 years after nasalisation, with a peak incidence around year 2 and 3. We conclude that nasalisation, like other endonasal endoscopic techniques, can be related to a greater incidence of mucoceles than non-surgically treated nasal polyposis. Associated pathologies do not seem to influence mucoceleformation. It is important for the surgeon to follow-up patients operated of a nasal polyposis as mucoceles can develop very lately. Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Department, Central Hospital of Nancy, France. Chobillon Marcos Alejandro Jiménez MA Jankowski Roger R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Asthma complications Churg-Strauss Syndrome complications Endoscopy adverse effects Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mucocele etiology Nasal Polyps complications surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Retrospective Studies Turbinates surgery 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626255 15626254 2004 12 31 2005 03 29

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Microbiology of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis. 213-8 Patients with chronic hyperplastic sinusitis (CHS) form a heterogeneous group with similar symptoms and similar treatment despite of possible different mechanisms behind the disease. In the present study we focused on the microbiological findings in CHS and compared these results to the patient history in order to find out a possible explanation for the aetiology and chronicity of CHS. In 30 patients the sinus mucus was collected under endoscopic sinus surgery. Samples from 20 healthy volunteers were collected by nasal lavage. Eosinophil staining, bacterial culturing and fungal staining and culturing were done. Histological samples were obtained from all patients. Bacterial cultures were positive in 93% of the patients compared to 70% in controls. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the two most common findings in both groups. A total of seven patients had positive fungal finding. The only fungal genus found was Aspergillus. In the control group no samples were positive for fungi. Microbiological findings do not seem to explain the chronic course of CHS, but fungi may play some part in the pathophysiology of the disease. These results may be more a reflection of a change in the environment in the paranasal sinuses and a change in normal flora than the actual cause of CHS. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. katriina.kostamo@hus.fi Kostamo Katriina K Richardson Malcolm M Virolainen-Julkunen Anni A Leivo Ilmo I Malmberg Henrik H Ylikoski Jukka J Toskala Elina E eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aspergillus isolation & purification Bacteria, Aerobic isolation & purification Case-Control Studies Chronic Disease Female Humans Hyperplasia microbiology surgery Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity microbiology Nasal Mucosa microbiology pathology surgery Paranasal Sinuses microbiology pathology surgery Propionibacterium acnes isolation & purification Sinusitis microbiology surgery 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626254 15626253 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2007 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Efficacy of fusafungine in acute rhinopharyngitis: a pooled analysis. 207-12 Upper respiratory tract infections are generally mild but they are associated with an enormous loss in productivity. Treatment consists of reduction of local symptoms e.g. local inflammation and prevention of potential superinfections. Besides its bacteriostatic activity against most micro-organisms involved in respiratory tract infections fusafungine displays original anti-inflammatory properties. To optimise nasal and throat deposition, a new fusafungine oro-nasal spray using HFA 134a was developed and its efficacy was evaluated in patients with acute rhinopharyngitis based on improvement of significant nasal symptoms. Three randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group studies with identical objectives design and dosage were performed and results were pooled for a better evaluation of treatment effect (532 patients). The percentage of responders (patients with nasal symptom score improvement from Day 0 to Day 4) was 61.5 +/- 2.9% with fusafungine vs 46.8 +/- 3.1% with placebo (p=0.009) with an odds ratio of 1.8 (p=0.01) in favour of fusafungine. The nasal symptom score distribution at Day 4 showed an odds ratio of 1.56 (p=0.011) also in favour of fusafungine. For patients treated early (onset of symptoms 1 pounds day) the percentage of responders was 65.9 +/- 4.1% with fusafungine vs 38.3 +/- 4.0% with placebo (p=0.022) with an odds ratio of 3.08 (p=0.033) in favour of fusafungine. Therefore fusafungine through its dual bacteriostatic and original anti-inflammatory properties is an effective treatment of acute rhinopharyngitis especially when administered early. Institute of Laryngology and Otology, University College London, Medical School, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, United Kingdom. v.lund@ucl.ac.uk Lund V J VJ Grouin J M JM Eccles R R Bouter C C Chabolle F F eng Journal Article Meta-Analysis

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 1393-87-9 fusafungin IM Acute Disease Administration, Topical Adult Aerosols administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage Double-Blind Method Female Fusarium Humans Male Middle Aged Nasopharyngitis drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Treatment Outcome 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626253 15626252 2004 12 31 2005 03 29

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery: its subjective medium-term outcome in chronic rhinosinusitis. 200-6 The subjective success of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis has been reported mainly after short-term follow-up studies, but may change with increasing time after surgery. We assessed in a retrospective study the medium-term clinical outcome of ESS as complete ethmoidectomy or pansinus surgery in 208 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The senior author performed the surgeries according to his techniques. We used a questionnaire focusing on nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, nasal dryness/crusts, sneezing, headache, smell, numbness in cheeks and lips, ear pressure, epiphora, and sore throat. Additionally the subjective influence of sinus surgery on asthma, bronchitis and allergic diseases was evaluated. The mean follow-up was 3.1 years. Overall success was reported by 92% of all patients. Forty-one percent of all patients with complete ethmoidectomy and 32% of all patients with pansinus surgery described complete resolution of complaints. No differences in clinical success rates were noted when comparing primary surgery or revision. A favorable effect was also reported for asthma, bronchitis and allergic diseases. Improvements for nasal symptoms and coexisting complaints are demonstrated with a mean observation period of more than 3 years. The value of ESS is underlinedfor the treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Department of Otolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. heinrich.iro@hno.imed.uni-erlangen.de Iro Heinrich H Mayr Susanne S Wällisch Cornelia C Schick Bernhard B Wigand Malte Erik ME eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinuses surgery Reoperation Retrospective Studies Rhinitis complications surgery Sinusitis complications surgery Time Factors Treatment Outcome 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626252 15626251 2004 12 31 2005 03 29

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Assessment of olfactory function after septoplasty: a longitudinal study. 195-9 Aim of the study was to evaluate septoplasty-related changes of lateralised olfactory function during both early and late postoperative periods in comparison to the preoperative situation. Lateralised olfactory function was assessed in 30 patients using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery. Measurements were performed preoperatively, and 4 and 9 months postoperatively. Prior to septal surgery measurements revealed significantly higher odor thresholds for the obstructed nostril compared to contralateral thresholds. No such observations were made for suprathreshold measures. Postoperatively, a significant decline of odor discrimination was found in comparison to the preoperative situation. However, there was no significant change of odor thresholds and odor identification function during the 9-month postoperative follow up. On an individual basis, one of the initially normosmic patients became hyposmic following surgery. The present data indicate that odor thresholds, but not suprathreshold olfactory function, are related to nasal obstruction resulting from septal deviation. In contrast, postoperative changes were only seen for odor discrimination. Apart from psychological explanations of this finding, it may be hypothesized that these observations result from changes in intranasal airflow following surgery. Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Pfaar O O Hüttenbrink K B KB Hummel T T eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction surgery Nasal Septum surgery Recovery of Function physiology Sensory Thresholds Smell physiology Time Factors Treatment Outcome 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626251 15626250 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Consequences of olfactory loss and adopted coping strategies. 189-94 The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of loss of smell as regards the quality of life and the coping strategies used. Seventy-two patients with anosmia (46%) or hyposmia (54%) filled in the validated Multi-Clinic Smell and Taste Questionnaire, the validated General Well-being Schedule (GWBS), and answered other questions shown to be of good validity. Several kinds of negative effects, risks associated with the loss, interference with daily routines and deteriorations in well-being were common. Physical health, financial security, profession, partnership, friendship, emotional stability and leisure were also deemed to be negatively affected and GWBS scores show compromised psychological well-being. The importance of olfaction seemed to be more noticeable after the loss of smell, and several kinds of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies were adopted by these patients. We found that the loss of smell had substantial adverse effects on the quality of life and that high priority should be given to its diagnosis and treatment and to further research in this field. Furthermore, a combination of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies may be suggested to patients who have recently lost the sense of smell. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Blomqvist Ebba Hedén EH Brämerson Annika A Stjärne Pär P Nordin Steven S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adaptation, Psychological Adolescent Adult Aged Appetite Emotions Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders complications psychology Problem Solving Quality of Life psychology 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626250 15626249 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Quality of life in non-infectious rhinitis and asthma. 183-8 In this study we evaluated how the quality of life in subjects with asthma was affected by a history of non-infectious rhinitis. The study comprised 180 persons with asthma and 156 controls, who answered the Short Form 36 quality of life questionnaire. Both the asthma subjects and the controls were stratified according to a history of non-infectious rhinitis (NIR). The global physical quality of life score (PCS) was significantly lower for all the asthma subjects regardless of their previous history of NIR compared to controls (NIR positive asthma, -8, p=O,001, NIR negative asthma, -9, p=0, 001). The subjects with asthma and a positive history of NIR obtained significantly lower scores for their global mental quality of life (MCS) than the controls (46 vs 51, p=0.004). The subjects with asthma and a negative history of NIR obtained MCS scores that were similar to those of the controls (50 and 51, p=0.9). In this population based study, the physical Qol of the subjects with asthma was lower regardless of a previous history of NIR compared to controls. A positive history of NIR in asthma was however associated with a poorer mental Qol. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Lundby Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Johan.Hellgren@lundbysjukhus.se Hellgren Johan J Balder Barbro B Palmqvist Mona M Löwhagen Olle O Tunsäter Alf A Karlsson Göran G Torén Kjell K eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Asthma complications psychology Case-Control Studies Female Health Status Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Mental Health Middle Aged Motor Activity Quality of Life psychology Questionnaires Rhinitis complications psychology 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626249 15626248 2004 12 31 2005 03 29 2005 11 16

0300-0729 42 4 2004 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The antrochoanal polyp. 178-82 Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are benign lesions that arise from the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, grow into the maxillary sinus and reach the choana, and nasal obstruction being their main symptom. It is an interesting model to compare the pathophysiological mechanisms with those of bilateral nasal polyposis (NP). There is a lack of research in some areas of ACP, which have to become the main aims for future investigations of this disease. In comparison to NP, ACPs are usually unilateral and appear in younger patients. Macroscopically, they have a cystic intramaxillary portion and a solid intranasal portion. Microscopically, they are similar to a maxillary cyst of the mucosa. Nasal endoscopy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance are the main diagnostic techniques. Surgery is the indicated treatment for ACP, with endoscopic resection the most recommended. Simple avulsion of the polyp has a high rate of recurrence, whereas the Caldwell-Luc procedure is associated with damage of the maxillary and dental growth centres. More research is needed to establish the relationship between chronic sinusitis and ACP. Further work is also needed to investigate the role of inflammatory mediators (histamine, IgE, adhesion molecules, PAF), as well as metalloproteases and nasal remodelling, and tumour marker expression in A CP. Rinology Unit, Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. mmaldonadof@mixmail.com Maldonado Miguel M Martínez Asunción A Alobid Isam I Mullol Joaquim J eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Inflammation Mediators IM Humans Inflammation Mediators physiology Maxillary Sinus pathology physiopathology Nasal Cavity pathology physiopathology Nasal Polyps etiology physiopathology therapy Paranasal Sinus Diseases etiology physiopathology therapy 49 2005 1 1 9 0 2005 3 30 9 0 2005 1 1 9 0 ppublish 15626248 14579661 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Vision impairment as presenting symptom of a sphenoidal mucocele. 187-91 We present a case of a 27-year-old woman with a sphenoid mucocele, presenting with bilateral visual disturbance and pituitary gland dysfunction but without nasal or sinus complaints. We would like to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. philippe.heylbroeck@ugent.bew Heylbroeck P P Watelet J B JB Delbeke P P Van Cauwenberge P P Bachert C C eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mucocele complications diagnosis surgery Optic Nerve Diseases diagnosis etiology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications diagnosis surgery Pituitary Diseases diagnosis etiology surgery Sphenoid Sinus Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Vision Disorders diagnosis etiology surgery 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579661 14579660 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Liposomal amphotericin B treatment for rhinocerebral mucormycosis: how much is enough? 184-6 Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis is a potentially life-threatening disease, which affects mainly immunocompromised patients. Treatment options include reversing immunosuppression, surgery and systemic and local administration of anti-fungal medication. Amphotericin B is the primary agent employed, but its use is often limited by frequent side effects. Complexing Amphotericin B with lipid structures avoids most of the negative side effects, most importantly the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. No consensus has been reached regarding the appropriate duration, rate of administration or total dose of treatment. We present a case of a patient suffering from Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis treated by extensive surgery and Liposomal Amphotericin B. He was treated for 29 days at a rate of 3 mg/kg/d and a total dose of 5.6 gram. The dose of Liposomal Aphotericin B used in previously published articles ranged from 1.5 mg/kg/d to 5 mg/kg/d. The response to treatment may be evaluated by physical examination, microbiological cultures, radiological and pathological studies. Taking into account the considerable cost of liposomal Amphotericin B and other lipid complexed formulations, it is imperative to find out what is the appropriate treatment regime for Rhinocerebral and other mucormycosis infections. Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. handzel@clalit.org.il Handzel Ophir O Landau Zvi Z Halperin Doron D eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antifungal Agents 0 Liposomes 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B IM Aged Amphotericin B administration & dosage Antifungal Agents administration & dosage Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Humans Liposomes Male Mucormycosis complications drug therapy Sinusitis drug therapy microbiology Surgical Procedures, Operative methods Treatment Outcome 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579660 14579659 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology How to perform adequate nasal packing in posterior epistaxis with difficult access. 182-3 Inadequate nasal packing in the treatment of posterior epistaxis can result in an increase in patient morbidity and mortality, and also hospital expenditure. The presence of a septal spur or septal deviation anterior to the bleeding may prevent sufficient local pressure over the bleeding point with a ribbon gauze pack. A modified Jobson-Horne probe can be used to ensure a tight ribbon gauze application over the bleeding point behind the septal spur or deviation. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. C.Low@btopenworld.com Low Christopher C Walshe Peter P Hone Stephen S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Epistaxis therapy Hemostatic Techniques Humans Tampons, Surgical 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579659 14579658 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Anterior mandibular positioning device for treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. 175-81 The aim of this study was to determine the severity of side effects and the influence on snoring and the AHI (apnoea-hypopnoea index = number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour recording) of an anterior mandibular positioning device (AMP device) for treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. Questionnaires were mailed to a consecutive series of 30 patients who had started treatment with an AMP device. The mean follow-up interval from receiving an AMP device to answering the questionnaire was 22 months. The perceived degree of sore teeth increased statistically significantly (p < 0.01) as a result of the AMP device treatment, but there was no increase in the degree of facial pain, salivation, or temporomandibular joint pain. The AMP device treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.01) of the mean AHI and of the mean percentage of the recording time with loud snoring (p < 0.05). Twenty-two patients out of 30 were still using the device at the time of follow-up. In conclusion, AMP device treatment was associated with only mild side effects and resulted in a statistically significant reduction of the AHI and of the percentage of the recording time with loud snoring. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. c.e.faber@dadlnet.dk Faber Christian Emil CE Grymer Luisa L Hjorth Tine T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Mandible Middle Aged Orthotic Devices Patient Acceptance of Health Care Sleep Apnea, Obstructive therapy Snoring therapy Treatment Outcome 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579658 14579657 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Oxymetazoline nasal spray three times daily for four weeks in normal subjects is not associated with rebound congestion or tachyphylaxis. 167-74 Topical decongestants are available over the counter and provide rapid relief of nasal obstruction for conditions of short duration, for example the common cold. Manufacturers' recommendations are that topical decongestants should not be used regularly for more than 1 week in view of the risk of rebound mucosal hyperaemia with persistent nasal obstruction and refractoriness to further effects of decongestants. For this reason we performed a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 30 normal adult subjects with 0.05% oxymetazoline nasal spray 2 sprays (0.1 ml/spray) to each nostril 3 times daily over an extended period of 4 weeks. Degree of nasal blockage was assessed before and after 4 weeks treatment and for 2 weeks following discontinuation of treatment. Outcome measures included diary symptom scores and measurements of nasal peak inspiratory flow, airway resistance (using posterior active rhinomanometry) and volume (using acoustic rhinometry). Nasal patency was assessed at baseline and 15 minutes after oxymetazoline challenge at each clinic visit. Results demonstrated no significant increases in subjective nasal blockage throughout the 6 weeks study period in either oxymetazoline- or placebo-treated subjects. No significant differences were observed between groups for baseline measurements of nasal peak inspiratory flow, airway resistance or volume at each clinic visit. A highly significant decongestant effect of oxymetazoline was observed at each clinic visit with changes in all 3 measurements for both treatment groups, again with no significant differences between groups. In summary, in normal subjects, we identified no significant nasal blockage or impaired decongestant response to oxymetazoline following 4 weeks treatment with oxymetazoline compared to matched placebo nasal spray. Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom. Watanabe H H Foo T H TH Djazaeri B B Duncombe P P Mackay I S IS Durham S R SR eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage adverse effects Nasal Obstruction chemically induced drug therapy Oxymetazoline administration & dosage adverse effects Tachyphylaxis physiology Treatment Outcome 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579657 14579656 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2005 11 17

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effects of dimethindene maleate nasal spray on the quality of life in seasonal allergic rhinitis. 159-66 To determine if the H1-receptor antagonist dimethindene maleate (DMM), topically applied, is able to improve the quality of life (QoL) in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis better than placebo. The study was a multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase III trial including 157 patients. Two parallel groups received either DMM nasal spray or placebo for 2 weeks. Patients answered 5 QoL questionnaires (Rhinoconjunctivitis QoL Questionnaire (LQ-AR), Munich Life Dimension List (MLDL), Profile of Mood States (POMS), 2 Visual Analogue Scales (VAS-QoL, VAS-GES)) on days 1, 4, 8, and 15. QoL improved significantly in all scales and groups. Statistically significant differences between groups were achieved in the sub-scales LQ-AR Eye Symptoms and Daily Activities, MLDL Total, POMS Depression and Energy, VAS-QoL and VAS-General Health. All differences favoured the DMM group and were present initially but disappeared in visit 4, except MLDL Total and POMS Energy. Almost all other scores had a better tendency of DMM. A significant improvement of QoL was found in both groups. Only weak differences between groups (in favour of DMM) were found. There are several reasons explaining this outcome, mainly the rainy weather during the study period (mean weather index 10-20% less sunny than in previous seasons). Division of Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Kirchhoff C H CH Kremer B B Haaf-von Below S S Kyrein H J HJ Mösges R R eng Clinical Trial Clinical Trial, Phase III Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 5636-83-9 Dimethindene IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Aged Dimethindene administration & dosage Double-Blind Method Female Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Quality of Life Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy Treatment Outcome 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579656 14579655 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Pressures generated during nose blowing in patients with nasal complaints and normal test subjects. 152-8 The authors compared nasal resistance and pressures generated during breathing and nose blowing in patients with chronic sinusitis, septal deviations and a control group consisting of normal test subjects. The chronic sinusitis group generated pressures during nose blowing that were significantly higher (898 daPa for the left side and 913 daPa for the right side) than in the other two groups. The decongestion didn't change the generated pressures very much. Pressures generated during nose blowing with both nostrils closed are much higher than pressures generated during nose blowing with one nostril open. These very high pressures could have an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic sinusitis. Department of ENT, H&N Surg, Free University Hospital Brussels (AZ-VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. Clement Peter P Chovanova Hana H eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance physiology Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nasal Septum Nose Deformities, Acquired physiopathology Pressure adverse effects Rhinomanometry methods Sinusitis physiopathology 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579655 14579654 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Development of the ETOC: a European test of olfactory capabilities. 142-51 A number of smell tests designed to evaluate human olfactory capabilities have been published, but none have been validated cross-culturally. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a reliable and quick olfactory test that could be used to evaluate efficiently the olfactory abilities of a European population. This test, named ETOC and based on a combination of a supra-threshold detection task and an identification task, was designed to be a cross-cultural tool that would measure the decline in olfactory performance with ageing. Two versions of the ETOC, one easy and one less easy, were used to test the olfactory performance of European citizens in three countries (France, Sweden and the Netherlands). The results indicated that neither version of the ETOC is culture-dependent, and that both give scores that well reflect the decrease in olfactory abilities with increasing age. A retest session showed that the less easy (and final) version of the ETOC is also highly reliable. Université Claude Bernard LYON 1, CNRS UMR 5020, 50 avenue Tony Garnier, 69366 Lyon, France. thierry.thomas-danguin@olfac.univ-lyon1.fr Thomas-Danguin Thierry T Rouby Catherine C Sicard Gilles G Vigouroux Michel M Farget Vincent V Johanson Anna A Bengtzon Annika A Hall Gunnar G Ormel Wieke W De Graaf Cees C Rousseau Florence F Dumont Jean-Pierre JP eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging physiology Europe Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Predictive Value of Tests Reproducibility of Results Smell physiology 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579654 14579653 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal electromyography in evaluation of the nasal valve. 134-41 The present study was performed to investigate the best way of using surface electromyography (sEMG) in evaluation of muscle involvement in nasal valve function. The function of the nasal muscles in nasal valve movements has not been investigated sufficiently and in the present study we tried to improve the way of testing these muscles introducing the intranasal placement of surface EMG electrodes. Skin surface electromyography (EMG) and intranasal electrode EMG investigation of nasal muscles was performed in two groups (n = 30 for each Group) of healthy subjects: (1) subjects with extremely effective coordination of nasal muscles and (2) those with extremely poor coordination of nasal muscles. Functions of the nasal muscles were assessed by EMG in response to breathing and voluntary nasal movements. In both Groups, during normal breathing all the tested muscles were not active. During forced nasal inspiration in Group 1 the transverse nasalis, anomalous nasi, alar nasalis and dilator naris anterior were active. In Group 2 during forced nasal inspiration these muscles remained inactive. During rhythmic widening of the nostril, the tested nasal muscles were active in subjects of Group 1 and significantly less active in Group 2 (p = 0.0024). In both Groups the amplitude of muscle activity, recorded from intranasal electrodes was significantly higher that the amplitude recorded from the skin electrodes (p < 0.05). During the tests with two intranasal electrodes, the insignificant difference was detected in amplitude between left and right nostrils in majority of subjects (Group 1 p = 0.15; Group 2 p = 0.1). We conclude that in human population the ability to operate nasal muscles is varying from person to person, i.e. the nasal muscles can be either inactive ("relatively rudimentary") or active. This fact should be taken into account before any surgical intervention is planned. The subjects with active nasal muscles can control the function of their nasal valve. The intranasal surface EMG is a more direct and precise EMG method for nasal valve evaluation in comparison to skin surface EMG testing. Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Shteren20@hotmail.com Vaiman Michael M Eviatar Ephraim E Segal Samuel S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Electromyography methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged Muscles physiology Nose physiology Respiratory Mechanics physiology 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579653 14579652 2003 10 28 2003 12 23 2007 11 15

0300-0729 41 3 2003 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Incorrect terminology in nasal anatomy and surgery, suggestions for improvement. 129-33 This article discusses why nomenclature such as 'upper lateral cartilage', 'lower lateral cartilage', 'weak triangle', 'empty triangle', 'soft triangle', 'hemitransfixion', and 'marginal incision' should be abandoned and replaced by anatomically, linguistically, and surgically correct terms. Suggestions for better terminology are made. The division of the nasal organ into five anatomical areas and three physiological parts is questioned. The terms 'interdomal ligament', 'intercrural ligament', and 'septocrural ligament' should not be used, as histological studies have demonstrated that no such ligaments exist. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ehuizing@euronet.nl Huizing Egbert H EH eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose anatomy & histology pathology surgery Terminology as Topic 2003 10 29 5 0 2003 12 24 5 0 2003 10 29 5 0 ppublish 14579652 12677744 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2005 11 16

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal glomangioma. 58-60 Glomangioma is a benign tumour of the glomus body. It is a relatively rare tumour in the head and neck region and even rarer in the nasal cavity. We present the 13th documented case of an intranasal glomangioma. A 56-year-old woman presented with a lesion on the nasal septum associated with intermittent nasal pain and epistaxis. Local surgical excision was not only diagnostic but therapeutic as it effected a cure. Intranasal glomangioma has no well-defined presenting features but must be borne in mind as a possible rare cause of nasal pain and epistaxis. We also briefly review the clinical presentation, histology and management of such a rare tumour. Department of Otolaryngology, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, United Kingdom. ahmed.aftab@virgin.net Ahmed A A Sheehan A L AL Dugar J J eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Glomus Tumor pathology surgery Humans Middle Aged Nasal Septum Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery 16 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677744 12677743 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Hairy polyp of the oropharynx in a newborn: a case report. 56-7 An unusual case of an oropharyngeal mass in a neonate causing intermittent airway obstruction during the first 24 hours following delivery is presented. This mass was confirmed to be a hairy polyp. We discuss the incidence, histology and peri-operative management of this unusual lesion. Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom. gadzama@themail.co.uk Karagama Y G YG Williams R S RS Barclay G G Lancaster J L JL Kokai G K GK eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction etiology Humans Infant, Newborn Male Oropharyngeal Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Teratoma diagnosis pathology surgery 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677743 12677742 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Choanal atresia repair. The use of reinforced silicone tube to prevent restenosis. 54-5 There are different approaches for the repair of congenital choanal atresia. A stent is usually inserted in the nostrils to prevent restenosis. We describe a case of an infant who was presented with recurrent choanal stenosis and was managed by a stent made of reinforced silicone rubber tracheal tube. The tube has several advantages over other known stents. Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia. al-Qahtani Ali S AS Messahel Farouk M A FM eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Silicone Elastomers IM Choanal Atresia surgery Constriction, Pathologic Humans Infant Male Prosthesis Design Recurrence Silicone Elastomers therapeutic use Stents 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677742 12677741 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Human osteoclast maturation from bone marrow cells co-cultured with osteoblast from ethmoid sinus. 49-53 In chronic sinusitis, although the pathogenesis in the sinus mucosa has been widely investigated, the pathogenesis in the underlying bone remains poorly understood. As a first step in investigating the pathogenesis in sinus bone, sinus-bone models should be constructed by co-culturing of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in a sinus. However, human osteoclast cell lines derived from a sinus have not been established. Based on previous methods of another osteoclast culture, we hypothesized that human osteoclasts in sinuses could be established in vitro by co-culture with human osteoblasts in the sinus. The aim of this study was to differentiate human bone marrow cells into osteoclasts in a sinus, which is identified by the formation of absorption lacuna and positive cytochemical staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Differentiation was induced in the co-culture system by treatment with medium containing 1.25.(OH)2D3, G-CSF and dexamethasone. Thirty days after culturing, human bone marrow cells were differentiated to a hypertrophic state, as evidenced by their sizes and the demonstration of osteoclast-specific abilities. Our results indicate that sinus-osteoclasts can be cultured from human bone marrow cells, and that osteoclasts in a sinus may be a useful model for investigating sinus-bone remodeling, especially in terms of bone resorption, in the sinus system. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan. takashiishino@hotmail.com Ishino Takashi T Yajin Koji K Takeno Sachio S Furukido Kyousuke K Takumida Masaya M Hirakawa Katsuhiro K eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Isoenzymes EC 3.1.3.- tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase EC 3.1.3.2 Acid Phosphatase IM Acid Phosphatase Bone Marrow Cells cytology Bone Remodeling Bone Resorption physiopathology Cell Differentiation Coculture Techniques Humans Isoenzymes Osteoblasts cytology Osteoclasts physiology 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677741 12677740 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Radiotherapy in maxillary sinus carcinomas: evaluation of 79 cases. 44-8 The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma after radiotherapy regarding local control, prognostic factors and morbidity of treatment. Between January 1983 and December 1996, 79 cases of maxillary sinus carcinoma without any evidence of distant metastases, were treated with radiotherapy. Fifty-two patients (65.8%) were male and 27 (34.2%) were female. The median age was 57. Histologically 62% were epidermoid carcinoma, 32.9% were non-epidermoid carcinoma and 5.1% were unclassified. Sixteen patients (20.5%) had T2, 25 (29.8%) had T3 and 38 (49.7%) had T4 tumour while 13 patients (16.5%) had lymph node metastases. Fifty-nine patients (74.4%) underwent surgical resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy and 20 patients (25.3%) received radiotherapy alone. The median follow-up was 71 months; 5-year overall survival and local control rates were 53% and 54% respectively. Prognostic factors influencing the overall survival were histologic type (epidermoid carcinoma, p = 0.02), advanced T stage (p = 0.04), postoperative residual tumour (p = 0.002) and lymph node involvement (p = 0.01) whereas the factors influencing local control were histologic type (p = 0.05) and postoperative residual tumour (p = 0.005). Late radiation morbidity were cataract (11.4%), loss of vision (8.9%), trismus (5.1%) and hearing loss (2.5%). In maxillary sinus carcinomas high rates of local control can be achieved with surgery and radiotherapy. Postoperative radiotherapy can have a positive impact on local control and overall survival especially in patients with early stage tumour of non-epidermoid histology and without residual disease after surgery. Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Izmir, Turkey. Ozsaran Zeynep Z Yalman Deniz D Baltalarli Bahar B Anacak Yavuz Y Esassolak Mustafa M Haydaroğlu Ayfer A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic pathology radiotherapy surgery Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology radiotherapy surgery Female Humans Lymphatic Metastasis Male Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms mortality pathology radiotherapy surgery Middle Aged Prognosis Radiotherapy Dosage Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677740 12677739 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Acute rhinosinusitis in primary care: a comparison of symptoms, signs, ultrasound, and radiography. 37-43 In primary care, the diagnosis of acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS) is based most often only on symptoms and clinical examination. This practice leads to many false positive diagnoses and unnecessary use of antibiotics. Sinus ultrasound has been suggested as a means to improve the accuracy of AMS diagnosis. We studied the symptoms, signs, and ultrasound findings in patients with acute rhinosinusitis. Primary care physicians received small group teaching on sinus ultrasound technique. Sinus radiography was performed in a subgroup of patients, and it acted as reference standard. A total of 150 adult patients were recruited to the study, 105 women (70%) and 45 men (30%). Thirteen patients of 32 (41%) in the radiography subgroup and 74 patients of 148 (50%) with ultrasound result had AMS. The sensitivity of ultrasound compared to radiography was 92% and specificity was 95% when results were calculated per patients as unit of analysis. With practice and teaching primary care physicians can perform sinus ultrasound as accurately as specialists. Symptoms and clinical examination were not reliable in AMS diagnosis. If the criterion for AMS diagnosis were fluid in maxillary sinuses in ultrasound instead of clinical impression, the number of antibiotic prescriptions would be reduced by half in primary care. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Helsinki, Finland. helena.varonen@duodecim.fi Varonen Helena H Savolainen Seppo S Kunnamo Ilkka I Heikkinen Riikka R Revonta Matti M eng Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Humans Logistic Models Maxillary Sinusitis radiography ultrasonography Middle Aged Primary Health Care Sensitivity and Specificity 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677739 12677738 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Transnasal repair of unilateral choanal atresia. 31-6 To evaluate the outcomes of the surgical correction of unilateral choanal atresia using a transnasal approach. Over a 36-months period (from 1999 to 2001), seven children underwent endoscopic endonasal repair of an unilateral choanal atresia using the microdebrider (powered instrumentation). At the end of the procedure, topical application of Mitomycin-C was performed. No postoperative nasal stenting was inserted. Clinical characteristics of these patients, CT scan examination, complications of the procedure and outcomes were analysed and compared to historical cases treated in the same institution from 1990 to 1998. Seven patients (2 M/5F) (age 6 to 46 months) presented with primary unilateral choanal atresia and were operated during the period from 1999 to 2001. All the patients were symptomatic before surgical correction. No patients showed other facial anomaly. Of the 7 patients procedures, 6 (85.7%) remained patent (follow-up range 12 to 36 months). Mean surgical repair per patient before obtaining patent choana was 1.14. One patient required surgical transnasal revision nine months after the initial procedure with a patent choanal after this second procedure (follow-up 9 months). Minor turbinoseptal synechiae diagnosed 6 months after the surgical correction occurred in one patient and was the only postoperative complication. When compared to historical cases of unilateral choanal atresia (19 patients from 1990 to 1998) repaired without endoscopic control and without Mitomycin-C, it was shown that this current method provided better results; mean surgical repair per patient; 1.14 vs 1.89 and 85.7% of patent choanae at twelve months vs 47.3%. An endoscopic endonasal approach without postoperative stenting, using the microdebrider seems to us the treatment of choice for unilateral choanal atresia. The exact role of the topical application of Mitomycin-C needs to be further investigated. Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, ENT Department, Avenue Hippocrate 10, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@orlo.ucl.ac.be Rombaux Ph P de Toeuf C C Hamoir M M Eloy P P Bertrand B B Veykemans F F eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-07-7 Mitomycin IM Child, Preschool Choanal Atresia surgery Debridement Endoscopy Female Humans Infant Male Mitomycin therapeutic use Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Retrospective Studies 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677738 12677737 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Inflammatory cells seem not to be involved in idiopathic rhinitis. 25-30 Mucosal inflammatory cellular infiltrates are correlated with nasal complaints in symptomatic allergic rhinitis. Some authors suggest inflammation of a neurogenic or immunogenic nature as an underlying disorder for idiopathic rhinitis (IR). We looked at the possible involvement of inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of IR. Nasal biopsies were taken from sixty-five IR patients with significant nasal complaints and from twenty healthy controls with no nasal complaints. Inflammatory cells were quantified using monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, eosinophils, macrophages, monocytes, mast cells and other IgE-positive cells. No significant differences were found, for any cell, between IR patients and controls. We conclude that inflammatory cells do not seem to play an important role in this meticulously characterised group of IR patients. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. vanrijswijk@kno.fgg.eur.nl van Rijswijk J B JB Blom H M HM KleinJan A A Mulder P G H PG Rijntjes E E Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Monoclonal 0 Antigens, CD IM Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Monoclonal Antigens, CD analysis physiology Cell Count Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism physiopathology Rhinitis pathology physiopathology Statistics, Nonparametric 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677737 12677736 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A morphometric consideration of nasal septal deviations by people with paranasal complaints; a computed tomography study. 21-4 The purpose of our study was to examine the localizations and the value of septal deviation by examining the coronal computed tomography of 143 persons with paranasal complaints which 72 of them were female and 71 of them were male, without taking into consideration if a deviation existed or not. The localization of the deviations of the septum nasi was investigated and the relationship between the genders were compared. The septum nasi was examined in the anterior, media, posterior regions for the left and the right directions in each person and was also examined at the superior, media and inferior levels except for the caudal end area. The value and the direction of the deviation was established. A deviation was found in one region in at least 76.2% of the 143 persons (70% female and 81% male). The maximum average deviations were found to be 1.43 +/- 2.1 mm in mediomedia "MM" (the vertically and sagittaly middle region of the septum nasi) region with a percentage of 34.7% towards the right-hand side in the female group, and 1.0 +/- 1.7 mm in the MM region with a percentage of 31.9% also towards the right-hand side in the male group. The maximum deviation in the female group was found to be 7.8 mm in the MM region and 7.9 mm in the AT region in the male group. No statistically significant difference was found for the averages of the deviations (0.298 +/- 0.345 mm in the female group and 0.295 +/- 0.269 mm in the male group) in different regions (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found for the averages of the deviations towards the right-hand and left-hand sides between the male (right 0.302 +/- 0.292 mm; left 0.287 +/- 0.261 mm) and the female (right 0.350 +/- 0.438 mm; left 0.247 +/- 0.235 mm) group (p > 0.05). Separation of the nasal septum into 10 segments will constitute a new basically aspect for an objective, simple and practical consideration and classification. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University. metebuyukertan@hotmail.com Buyukertan M M Keklikoglu N N Kokten G G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2003 Dec;41(4):255; author reply 255 14750356 Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction pathology radiography Nasal Septum pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677736 12677735 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Peak inspiratory flow rate is more sensitive than acoustic rhinometry or rhinomanometry in detecting corticosteroid response with nasal histamine challenge. 16-20 Nasal histamine challenge testing is a standard method of assessing upper airway hyperreactivity although there is still debate as to the best measure of response. The aim of the study was to evaluate peak nasal inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) as an endpoint during histamine challenge and compare this with rhinomanometry (Rhino) and acoustic rhinometry (AR). Twenty two patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) were enrolled into a 2-way randomised crossover study comparing placebo with intra-nasal mometasone furoate (MF) 200 mg once daily, with laboratory measurements of PIFR, AR and Rhino being made during histamine nasal challenge after each 10-14 day treatment period. Patients also recorded their domiciliary nasal symptoms and PIFR on a daily basis. With nasal challenge testing using PIFR PC30 there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between MF and placebo but not with PC30 AR or PC175 Rhino. There was also significant (p < 0.05) improvement in terms of domiciliary total nasal symptom scores but not domiciliary PIFR. In conclusion PIFR after nasal challenge with histamine is a sensitive test of response to treatment with intra-nasal corticosteroids in PAR. Asthma & Allergy Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom. Wilson Andrew M AM Sims Erika J EJ Robb Fiona F Cockburn Wendy W Lipworth Brian J BJ eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Pregnadienediols 83919-23-7 mometasone furoate IM Administration, Topical Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents diagnostic use Cross-Over Studies Female Glucocorticoids Humans Male Nasal Provocation Tests Pregnadienediols diagnostic use Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis physiopathology Rhinomanometry Rhinometry, Acoustic 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677735 12677734 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A study to assess the usefulness of a portable spirometer to quantify the severity of nasal septal deviation. 11-5 An objective measure of the severity of septal deviation would help the surgeon to select patients, and could also be used to assess the effectiveness of surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of a portable spirometer to assess the severity of septal deviation. Six healthy subjects and 26 patients awaiting nasal septal surgery for the treatment of chronic complaint of nasal obstruction were recruited. The severity of septal deviation was calculated as a nasal partitioning ratio (NPR) determined by rhinomanometry (NPRcon) and spirometry (NPRvol). NPR is expressed as a ratio scale, where -1 equals complete left side obstruction, zero equates to equal airfow on each side of the nose, and 1 equals complete right side obstruction. The spirometer proved to be useful in measuring the degree of septal deviation in terms of NPRvol (range from -0.21 to 0.20 in healthy subjects, and -0.66 to 1.0 in patients awaiting surgery). The correlation between NPRvol and NPRcon was good (r = 0.77, p = 0.01). In 20 out of 26 patients there was agreement on the side of septal deviation as determined by patient's subjective assessment and the objective assessment with spirometry. The results demonstrate that the severity of septal deviation may be quantified in terms of a nasal partitioning ratio determined by use of a portable spirometer (NPRvol). This new measure of septal deviation may prove to be useful to the surgeon in selecting patients for septal surgery and in measuring the success of septal surgery. Common Cold Centre, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3US, United Kingdom. Hanif Junaid J Jawad Suhair S M SS Eccles Ron R eng Comparative Study Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction pathology surgery Nasal Septum pathology surgery Rhinomanometry Spirometry 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677734 12677733 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2008 11 21

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Short-time variation in nasal mucosal swelling: a rhinostereometry study. 7-10 Rhinostereometry is an optical method to detect changes in nasal mucosal swelling. The method needs further specifications for standardised use. This study was performed in order to define the inter-individual variation, and to find whether the intra-individual short-time variation is greater, say, at the beginning of a sequence of registrations, as has been claimed. Bilateral registrations were made every 2 minutes for 30 minutes in healthy, non-smoking subjects, 15 women, and 15 men. The figures of each nasal cavity were evaluated separately. Compared with baseline, the range of changes was -2.9 to 3.0 mm, mean value 0.12 mm, with a standard deviation of 0.39 mm. No stabilisation of the variation was seen over time. There was no correlation with age or sex. The left and right nostrils changed degree of swelling independently in most cases, but in 8 cases there was a significant correlation between the nostrils. The time required for each pair of bilateral registrations varied between 15 and 90 s (mean 34 s, standard deviation 10 s). Data from the present study can be used for statistical power calculations in the planning of rhinostereometry studies using parallel groups. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kungsbacka Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden. eva.ellegard@lthalland.se Ellegård Eva E eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Optics and Photonics Reference Values Time Factors 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677733 12677732 2003 04 07 2003 07 01 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 1 2003 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Quantitative assessment of gustatory function in a clinical context using impregnated "taste strips". 2-6 Assessment of gustatory sensitivity in a clinical setting is the prerequisite for correct diagnosis and adequate treatment of taste dysfunction. Despite of this, no taste test has been established for the routine clinical testing. The aim of the present study was to create a protocol which is easy to administer. The presently used technique is based on strips made from filter paper which were impregnated with different taste solutions (four concentrations each for sweet, sour, salty and bitter). These strips are placed on the tongue and subjects are asked to identify the taste quality. After establishing the concentration range of the taste solutions, the test was tried in 69 subjects. Each subject received eighteen taste strips (four concentrations of each taste quality plus two blanks) in a pseudo-randomized sequence. Results from this new procedure correlated significantly with the results of the well established extensive three-drop-technique (r69 = 0.67). Repeated measures indicated good reproducibility of the results for the taste strips (r69 = 0.68). These data suggest the usefulness of this new technique in routine clinical practice. Major advantages are long shelf-life, convenience of administration, short time needed for testing (approximately 8 min), and the possibility to test each side of the tongue separately. Department of Pharmacology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstr. 9, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. chr.mue@gmx.at Mueller C C Kallert S S Renner B B Stiassny K K Temmel A F P AF Hummel T T Kobal G G eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Clinical Protocols Female Humans Male Middle Aged Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Taste Threshold 2003 4 8 5 0 2003 7 2 5 0 2003 4 8 5 0 ppublish 12677732 12868381 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The Sheffield nose--an occupational disease? 125-6 We report a case of silver tattooing of the nasal mucosa in a silver polisher. The concern in such cases is mainly due to the suspicion of melanoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by using the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method, which revealed the presence of two types of silver isotopes, at 107 and 109 m/z. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom. ratan_kayarkar@yahoo.co.uk Kayarkar R R Parker A J AJ Goepel J R JR eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7440-22-4 Silver IM Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Melanoma diagnosis Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Nose Diseases diagnosis etiology pathology Nose Neoplasms diagnosis Occupational Diseases diagnosis pathology Occupational Exposure Silver adverse effects 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868381 12868380 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Giant ethmoid osteoma with orbital extension presenting with epiphora. 122-4 Paranasal sinus osteoma is a slow-growing, benign, encapsulated bony tumour that may be commonly asymptomatic, being detected incidentally in 1% of plain sinus radiographs or in 3% sinus computerized tomographic scans. In a patient presenting with epiphora and nasal obstruction, computed tomography disclosed a giant osteoma of the ethmoid. In this article, one patient having giant ethmoidal osteoma with orbital extension is described, and epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and pathological findings in paranasal sinus osteoma are reviewed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. uosma@hotmail.com Osma Ustun U Yaldiz Mehmet M Tekin Muhammet M Topcu Ismail I eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Ethmoid Sinus Humans Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases etiology Male Osteoma complications radiography Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms complications radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868380 12868379 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum with adenoid cystic and squamous carcinomatous differentiation. 118-21 Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the nose or paranasal sinuses is extremely rare. We report the first histopathologically confirmed case with adenoid cystic carcinomatous differentiation to present arising from the nasal septum. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Preston Acute Hospitals Trust, Preston, United Kingdom. Freeman S R SR Sloan P P de Carpentier J J eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenocarcinoma pathology Adenoma, Pleomorphic pathology Aged Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic pathology Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nasal Septum pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868379 12868378 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Extensive maxillary sinus pneumatization. 113-7 To determine the incidence of variations of maxillary sinus pneumatization especially when it is extensive and the associated anomalies. Two hundred consecutive direct coronal paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed retrospectively. Extensive maxillary sinus pneumatization (EMSP) was defined as one in which the largest horizontal and/or vertical dimension of the maxillary sinus equalled or exceeded 90% of the corresponding diameter of the orbit. Further subtype I, II & III were defined depending on whether the pneumatization was extensive in one dimension (horizontal or vertical), two dimensions (horizontal & vertical) and by the presence of sphenomaxillary plate, intermaxillary plate or extension into frontal recess. EMSP was found in 8%, of these 7% were bilateral and 1% was unilateral. (Subtype I, II and III constituting 1%, 3% & 4% respectively). EMSP has been defined as a group and a classification proposed. EMSP will result in an atypical clinical picture, has a role in the pathogenesis of frontal sinusitis in some cases and may predispose injury to the orbit during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Warrington General Hospital, Warrington, England, United Kingdom. sudhakiran7@yahoo.com Kalavagunta Sudhakiran S Reddy K T KT eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Frontal Sinusitis etiology Humans Incidence Maxillary Sinus pathology radiography Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868378 12868377 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Upper lateral cartilage transposition in the surgical management of nasal valve incompetence. 107-12 The treatment of nasal valve dysfunction is very controversial and many otorhinolaryngologists do not always take surgery into consideration. The purpose of this paper is to present the author's surgical technique and the description of 13 patients on which it may work. Thirteen cases presenting with nasal obstruction secondary to nasal valve dysfunction are reviewed. All of the patients presented with internal valvulary incompetence and in three of them an alar collapse was associated. Diagnosis was achieved by means of the clinical findings and physical examination. An open rhinoplasty approach was employed. The surgical technique consisted in a transposition of the upper lateral cartilage over the alar cartilage. In the three patients with alar collapse a fixation graft from the septal cartilage was also employed. Nasal obstruction and valvular incompetence seemed improved in all of the cases. Upper lateral cartilage transposition seems to be an adequate method to solve the nasal valve incompetence. Otorhinolaryngology Department, Valencia University General Hospital and Medical School, Valencia, Spain. miar@eresmas.net Armengot M M Campos A A Zapater E E Alba J R JR Basterra J J eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cartilage transplantation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Rhinoplasty methods 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868377 12868376 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between the concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation and sinusitis. 103-6 To evaluate the possible relationship between concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation and sinusitis. Paranasal sinus computed tomography scans of patients suffering from rhinosinusitis were examined. Fifty-four patients with concha bullosa were included in the study. The relationship between concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation and sinusitis was investigated. A statistically significant relationship between unilateral concha bullosa and nasal septal deviation was found (p < 0.01). The relationships of unilateral and bilateral concha bullosa with sinusitis, and bilateral concha bullosa with nasal septal deviation were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In order to define the relation between the concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation and sinusitis, more detailed investigations are needed. Department of Otolaryngology, Fatih University, Ankara, Turkey. Aktas Davut D Kalcioglu M Tayyar MT Kutlu Ramazan R Ozturan Orhan O Oncel Semih S eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Hypertrophy Male Nasal Septum pathology radiography Sinusitis etiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turbinates pathology radiography 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868376 12868375 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Medical management of nasal polyposis: a study in a series of 152 consecutive patients. 97-102 The management of nasal polyps is undoubtedly a controversial subject. The medical treatment remains the undisputed therapeutic mainstay but most of the publications are aimed at the registration of new molecules from the pharmaceutical industry which explains why they are confined to a single agent. The aim of this study is focused on the evaluation of a dual modality on a series of 152 subjects treated according to a standardized protocol combining a short-term administration of prednisolone and the daily intranasal spraying of beclomethasone. Over the follow-up period of one year, this modality proved to be successful in 68.5% of the subjects; only 31.5% had to undergo surgery after its failure. In the former group, after a six months period, the average symptom reduction reached an improvement rate varying from 35 to 80%, according to the symptom type. During the ensuing six months follow-up period, the improvement was maintained. The average utilization of prednisolone and beclomethasone was assessed for each individual patient. Management of nasal polyps should be primarily medical. Resorting to surgical procedures should not be envisaged before a six months trial of dual steroid therapy under strict compliance to treatment. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, 25 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. Norès Jean-Marc JM Avan Paul P Bonfils Pierre P eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Administration, Intranasal Administration, Oral Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Drug Therapy, Combination Female Follow-Up Studies Glucocorticoids administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy surgery Prednisolone administration & dosage therapeutic use Time Factors 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868375 12868374 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic surgical treatment of sinonasal polyposis-medium term outcomes (mean follow-up of 5 years). 91-6 Between 30 and 50% of patients with sinonasal polyposis (SNP) will require surgical treatment. To determine the medium term risks and benefits of endonasal ethmoidectomy in SNP. 132 cases of SNP have been retrospectively studied before and after endoscopic nasal surgery with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Functional symptoms and appearances on endoscopic examination were recorded on graded scales. Non-parametric statistical analyses for matched series were used in the assessment of data. Post-operative normalisation of nasal function was obtained in 62% of cases. Each of the four main nasal symptoms (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, facial pain and anosmia) was improved (p = 0.001). Patients with associated asthma or ASA triad had higher scores for nasal obstruction and rhinorrhoea (Fisher's exact test; p < 0.02). The pre-operative clinical stage of SNP correlated neither with recurrence nor with functional outcomes (Fisher's exact test; p > 0.05). The requirement for steroid treatment of concurrent asthma was also reduced post-operatively (p = 0.001). The association with asthma and its level of treatment was not related to the frequency of recurrence of SNP (Chi2; p > 0.6). Functional outcomes for patients with SNP and asthma were significantly improved by endoscopic surgical treatment, even if the appearance of the nasal mucosa did not always return to normal. Department of Otolaryngology, CHU Montpellier, France. r-garrel@chu-montpellier.fr Garrel R R Gardiner Q Q Khudjadze M M Demoly P P Vergnes C C Makeieff M M Guerrier B B Crampette L L eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Asthma complications physiopathology Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms complications surgery Polyps complications surgery Postoperative Care Postoperative Complications epidemiology Retrospective Studies Time Factors Treatment Outcome 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868374 12868373 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Feasibility study of Flextube reflectometry for localisation of upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea. 87-90 One hundred and twenty-three patients with snoring problems and/or obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) were offered Rhinosleep Flextube-reflectometry during sleep registration to assess the upper airway. The main point of interest was patient acceptance of the procedure. 36 patients with OSAS received Rhino Flextube reflectometry. Of these, 19 (53%) completed a whole night registration with the Rhinosleep tube and 17 (47%) did not. This low success rate is multifactorial and will be discussed in detail in the text. The development of Rhinosleep is a challenge, as it improves the topical diagnostic work-up of OSAS patients. At present however various practical problems have to be solved to make it a viable alternative to sleep endoscopy. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.hessel@slaz.nl Hessel Natascha S NS Laman Martin M van Ammers Vincent C P J VC van Duijn Hans H de Vries Nico N eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Feasibility Studies Humans Intubation instrumentation Nose Polysomnography Rhinometry, Acoustic Sleep Apnea, Obstructive diagnosis Snoring 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868373 12868372 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Expression and localization of nuclear factor-kappa B subunits in cultured human paranasal sinus mucosal cells. 80-6 The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) subunits in cultured sinus mucosal cells by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in chronic sinusitis patients with allergic rhinitis (abbreviated as AR patients) versus patients without AR (abbreviated as non-AR patients). The localization of p50 in cultured sinus mucosal cells was also observed by immunocytochemistry. The expression of messenger RNAs (mRNA) encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p50 and p65 subunits, and inhibitory kappa B-alpha (I kappa B-alpha) were analyzed by RT-PCR. The proportion of active NF-kappa B-positive cells in the epithelial layer was analyzed using a laser-scanning confocal microscope image system. The levels of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and p50 mRNAs in AR patients were significantly higher than those in non-AR patients (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). Immunocytochemical reaction for p50 in sinus mucosal cells in AR patients showed more intense nuclear staining compared to non-AR patients. These findings could support the hypothesis that the increase of cytokines from sinus mucosal cells in AR patients was associated with augmented NF-kappa B mRNA expression, resulting in the modification of the cytokine network. Department of Otolaryngology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. osadam@ff.iij4u.or.jp Osada Rika R Takeno Sachio S Hirakawa Katsuhiro K Ueda Tsutomu T Furukido Kyosuke K Yajin Koji K eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cytokines 0 NF-kappa B 0 RNA, Messenger IM Case-Control Studies Cells, Cultured Cytokines metabolism Female Gene Expression Humans Male Middle Aged NF-kappa B metabolism Nasal Mucosa cytology metabolism Paranasal Sinuses cytology RNA, Messenger genetics Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications metabolism Sinusitis complications metabolism 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868372 12868371 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Bacteriemia in septoplasty and septorhinoplasty surgery. 76-9 This study was conducted in an attempt to investigate whether bacteriemia developed in patients with septoplasty and septorhinoplasty in the postoperative period during which an anterior nasal pack was in their nose. Fifty-three patients who went through septoplasty or septorhinoplasty operations were followed in this study. Nasal smear cultures were obtained from all the subjects before the operation. After the packs were retrieved, smears were also obtained from the pack material. Venous blood samples were obtained from the patients immediately before the operation, after the operation and immediately following the retrieval of the pack. When preoperative nasal smear cultures and postoperative pack material cultures of the patients that were obtained at 48 hours were compared, it was seen that different microorganisms were present in 66% of the patients. Bacterial growth was not observed in any of the preoperative blood cultures; whereas 8 patients (15.0%) had bacteriemia in the blood samples obtained immediately after the operation and 9 (16.9%) had growth in the blood samples obtained following the retrieval of the pack. With these results we have seen that bacteriemia can develop in patients with septoplasty and septorhinoplasty. It did not cause serious clinical problems. However, in patients with cardiovascular problems, this possibility should be taken into consideration and relevant preoperative precautions should be implemented. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Firat University Medical Faculty, Elaziğ, Turkey. kaygusuz_67@yahoo.com Kaygusuz Irfan I Kizirgil Ahmet A Karlidağ Turgut T Yalçin Sinasi S Keles Erol E Yakupoğullari Yusuf Y Alpay Cengiz C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bacteremia etiology microbiology Bacteria, Aerobic isolation & purification Bacterial Infections epidemiology etiology Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa microbiology Nasal Septum surgery Postoperative Complications epidemiology Rhinoplasty Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology etiology Tampons, Surgical microbiology 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868371 12868370 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence of nasal septal perforation: the Skövde population-based study. 72-5 Patients with nasal septal perforation appear from time to time in Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) practices, but the prevalence in a general population is not known. The objective was to investigate the prevalence of nasal septal perforation in an adult Swedish population, and to relate septal perforation to possible risk factors, such as age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking. A random sample of 1,900 inhabitants over the age of 20, stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register in Skövde, Sweden, in December 2000. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about diabetes and smoking habits. Nasal endoscopy was performed and, when a perforation was observed, the size was measured. In total, 1,387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The sample size was adequate, with a good fit to the whole population. The prevalence of nasal septal perforation was 0.9% [95% CI 0.5-1.6%]. Nasal polyps was a possible risk factor, odds ratio of 11.5 [95% CI 3.0-43.5], but not age, gender, diabetes, or smoking. The prevalence of nasal septal perforation was found to be less than 1% in an adult population. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden. Oberg Dan D Akerlund Anders A Johansson Leif L Bende Mats M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps epidemiology Nasal Septum injuries Prevalence Random Allocation Risk Factors Sampling Studies Smoking epidemiology Sweden epidemiology 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868370 12868369 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal ciliary studies in children with chronic respiratory tract symptoms. 69-71 Ciliary abnormalities include a range of morphological dysfunctions resulting in dysmotility. These typically manifest with upper and lower respiratory symptoms later in the infancy and early childhood. The diagnosis is based on ciliary studies i.e. measurement of ciliary beat frequency (CBF). We present a series of 67 children who had nasal biopsy and ciliary studies done between 1993-2002. There were 44 boys and 23 girls of age between 1 to 17 years. In 49 (73%) cases indication of ciliary studies was chest symptoms. There were six diagnostic categories: asthma, recurrent chest infections, bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis, dextrocardia and prematurity. Fourteen patients (20%) had dextrocardia and of these 9 had no measurable beating cilia. In the rest 5 CBF ranged 8-12.7 Hz. If the patients with dextrocardia are excluded, 5 of the 53 (10%) did not have any ciliary activity and in remaining CBF ranged 5.3-19.7 Hz. Our results showed a significant number of children with immotile cilia had associated dextrocardia. In the absence of situs inversus index of suspicion should be very high to detect these cases early. Otolaryngologists can play a key role in diagnosis because of an easy access for nasal biopsy, which is much simple than bronchial biopsies. Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelehouse Lane, Birmingham B4 GNH, United Kingdom. ijazamad@hotmail.com Ahmad Ijaz I Drake-Lee A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Biopsy Child Child, Preschool Ciliary Motility Disorders diagnosis pathology Dextrocardia physiopathology Female Humans Infant Male Nasal Mucosa pathology Respiratory Tract Diseases physiopathology 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868369 12868368 2003 07 18 2003 10 31 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 2 2003 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of rhinometric measurements methods in intranasal pathology. 65-8 The objective of this study was to determine how well different rhinometric measurement methods identify intranasal changes during acute viral rhinitis. A total of 69 patients acutely ill with the common cold were examined. Acoustic rhinometry (AR), rhinomanometry (RMM), nasal PEF (nPEF) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) recordings were performed before the subjects became ill and after the onset of the infection, on days 3 and 10. In AR the minimal cross-sectional area and nasal cavity volumes decreased in a statistically significant manner during the early stage of infection (20.0% vs. 20.4% lower than baselines), and at the end of the infection the values were normalizing towards the baseline values, although still 7.2% vs. 10.4% lower than baselines (p < 0.05). In RMM the total resistances during expiration and inspiration strongly increased, 39.7% vs. 41.6% higher than baselines on day 3. On day 10 the resistances were normalizing slowly but remained 34.1% and 41.5% higher than baselines (p < 0.05). In nPEF the decrease in rates was also seen on day 3 (25.0% lower than baseline) and recovery in rates on day 10 (only 3.1% lower than baseline, p < 0.05). The changes in VAS were similar to those seen in objective rhinometric measurements. Statistically and clinically significant correlations were calculated within AR parameters (r = 0.96) and RMM parameters (r = 0.98), other rhinometric parameters did not correlate in a clinically significant manner (r < 0.40). We concluded that these 4 rhinometric methods support each other very well in pathological noses, and the methods employed identify intranasal changes very sensitively during an intranasal mucosal pathology. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. jura.numminen@pshp.fi Numminen Jura J Ahtinen Mikko M Huhtala Heini H Rautiainen Markus M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance physiology Common Cold pathology physiopathology Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity pathology physiopathology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis Nose pathology physiopathology Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Rhinomanometry Rhinometry, Acoustic 2003 7 19 5 0 2003 11 1 5 0 2003 7 19 5 0 ppublish 12868368 14750356 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A morphometric consideration of nasal septal deviations by people with paranasal complaints; a computed tomography study. 255; author reply 255 Mladina Ranko R eng Comment Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2003 Mar;41(1):21-4 12677736 Humans Nasal Obstruction pathology radiography Nasal Septum pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods standards 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750356 14750355 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasal septum. 253-4 Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumour frequently described arising from seromucinous salivary tissue in the major and minor salivary glands. Within the nasal cavity, it is uncommon and usually involves the lateral wall. A rare case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasal septum is presented along with a review of the literature. The presentation and management of this uncommon condition is discussed. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, United Kingdom. sivajient@yahoo.co.uk Sivaji N N Basavaraj S S Stewart W W Dempster J J eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Biopsy, Fine-Needle Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic diagnosis pathology therapy Cytological Techniques Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Septum pathology surgery Nose Neoplasms diagnosis pathology therapy Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Radiotherapy, Adjuvant Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750355 14750354 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma. 250-2 Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (POF) represents a unique subtype of fibro-osseous lesions. We describe a case of POF involving the orbit and the sinonasal tract, in a 13-year-old white female. Diagnosis depends on the histological, radiological and clinical features. Complete excision by endoscopic nasal surgery was the treatment of choice. Five years later the patient was free from symptoms and tumour recurrence. Differential diagnoses are discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Pirana Sulene S Zerati Fábio F Voegels Richard R Maia Roberto R eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Diagnosis, Differential Disease-Free Survival Ethmoid Sinus pathology radiography Female Fibroma, Ossifying diagnosis pathology surgery Humans Maxillary Sinus pathology radiography Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Orbital Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Sphenoid Sinus pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750354 14750353 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Hemostasis in endoscopic sinus surgery using a specific gelatin-thrombin based agent (FloSeal). 244-9 The safety and efficacy of a new hemostatic sealant, based on a gel with collagen derived particles and topical thrombin (FloSeal, Fusion Medical Technologies, Inc. Fremont, CA) were assessed as an alternative to nasal packing for hemostasis in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In a prospective clinical study of 50 patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic anterior ethmoidectomy, 2 ml FloSeal was used after surgery to stop bleeding. The results were compared to a control group of 50 patients with Merocel packing and showed that intraoperative hemostasis was rapid and equal in both groups. The main advantages of the new hemostatic sealant included a higher degree of comfort during postoperative nasal breathing and absence of complaints due to pressure or pain. There was only one case of postoperative bleeding on the 6th day, which required nasal packing. There were no more cases of stenoses or synechia in the ostiomeatal complex than were found in the Merocel group. No systemic side effects due to FloSeal were observed. This specific hemostatic sealant was shown to be a safe and efficacious alternative method for hemostasis in endoscopic sinus surgery with high patient satisfaction and an easy and fast mode of application. Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland. Baumann Ariane A Caversaccio Marco M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Fibrin Tissue Adhesive 0 FloSeal Matrix 0 Hemostatics IM Blood Loss, Surgical prevention & control Endoscopy Female Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use Follow-Up Studies Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable therapeutic use Hemostasis drug effects Hemostatics therapeutic use Humans Male Nasal Obstruction prevention & control Paranasal Sinuses surgery Patient Satisfaction Postoperative Care Treatment Outcome 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750353 14750352 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Double-blind randomised controlled trial comparing Merocel with Rapid Rhino nasal packs after routine nasal surgery. 241-3 Nasal packing after routine nasal surgery is commonly practiced in the UK. The most popular pack appears to be Merocel, however this can be associated with significant pain on its removal. To test the efficacy of a relatively new nasal pack--the Rapid Rhino Goodman pack--introduced to our department, which claims to reduce pain and bleeding after nasal surgery. Fourteen patients undergoing routine nasal surgery were recruited into a randomised controlled trial. One nasal cavity was packed with a Merocel pack and the other with a Rapid Rhino Goodman pack. Patients were asked to record pain levels on each side using a visual analogue scale. We found no difference between packs whilst in-situ, with all patients recording low to moderate pain scores. There were significantly higher pain levels associated with Merocel pack removal than with Rapid Rhino pack removal (average pain scores 5.64 vs 1.64, p < 0.001) and less bleeding overall. Rapid Rhino (Goodman pack) is associated with significantly less pain on removal than Merocel pack, causes less bleeding and is not more painful whilst in-situ. We therefore recommend its use in routine nasal surgery. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Blackpool Fylde and Wyre NHS Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire, England FY3 8NP. ARVIND7@tesco.net Arya Arvind Kumar AK Butt Omar O Nigam Ajay A eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Hemostatics 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol IM Rhinology. 2004 Dec;42(4):255; author reply 255 15626265 Adolescent Adult Double-Blind Method Female Formaldehyde therapeutic use Great Britain Hemostatics therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity surgery Nasal Mucosa drug effects Pain Measurement Pain, Postoperative drug therapy Polyvinyl Alcohol therapeutic use Postoperative Hemorrhage drug therapy Surgical Sponges adverse effects classification standards Treatment Outcome 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750352 14750351 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: the routes of invasion. 235-40 The juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma has a characteristic growth in all directions from its origin. However, the extensions of the tumor seem to be independent, each one with distinct behavior. The aim of this study is to analyze the preferential direction and routes of JNA growth, as well as its correlation with the patient's age. We analyzed 33 patients without any previous treatment, attempting to the extension and routes of tumor's growth (CT scan), and its correlation with the patient's age. The sphenopalatine foramen region was affected in all cases. From this point, a growth towards several routes with a different rhythm was noted, determining variable configurations to the tumor. The lateral and superior growths were the most frequent. The expansion into the pterygopalatine fossa was very frequent and could involve important anatomical structures, determining higher morbidity. Three sites were invaded through more than one route: pterygoid fossa, middle cranial fossa and maxillary sinus. There was no significant correlation between invasion route and patient's age. However, considering the age, there was a concomitance between tumor development and facial growth by "displacement". We discuss this condition, suggesting an explanation to the tumor invasion and expansion inside the pterygopalatine fossa. Otolaryngology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil. sennes@attglobal.net Sennes Luiz U LU Butugan Ossamu O Sanchez Tanit G TG Bento Ricardo F RF Tsuji Domingos H DH eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Angiofibroma pathology radiography Child Cranial Fossa, Posterior pathology radiography Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus pathology radiography Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms pathology radiography Neoplasm Invasiveness Palate pathology radiography Pterygoid Muscles pathology radiography Regression Analysis Sphenoid Bone pathology radiography Temporal Bone pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750351 14750350 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2005 11 17

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Three-wall decompression technique using transpalpebral and endonasal approach in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. 231-4 To evaluate the effects of the three-wall decompression technique using transpalpebral and endonasal approach in patients suffering from Graves' ophthalmopathy. In this prospective study, we present a consecutive series of 15 subjects (17 eyes) who were submitted to orbital decompression by removing the inferior and lateral walls using transpalpebral incision combined with a transnasal endoscopic resection of the medial wall. The surgical technique involved the preservation of the bone structure between the lamina papyracea of the ethmoid and the maxillary orbital floor. The mean ocular recession based on Hertel measurements was 6.00 mm (range, 4-9 mm). None of the patients presented pre-operation diplopia, and one developed post-operation diplopia. Visual acuity was preserved in all cases. It is safe and efficient to perform three-wall decompression, combining transpalpebral and endoscopic transnasal approach, with preservation of the bone structure and the bone lateral to the infraorbital canal with fixation by two titanium plates on the lateral edge and removal of intraorbital fat, which results in significant proptosis reduction and minimal complications. Department of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil. pezatobau@ig.com.br Pezato Rogério R Pereira Max Domingues MD Manso Paulo Gois PG Santos Rodrigo de Paula Rde P Ferreira Lydia Masako LM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Decompression, Surgical methods Endoscopy methods Exophthalmos surgery Female Graves Disease surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity surgery Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures Orbit surgery Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome Visual Acuity 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750350 14750349 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis: effects of systemic steroids and radical ethmoidectomy with middle turbinate resection (nasalization). 220-30 In this prospective study the effect of medical and surgical treatment on subjective olfaction was studied in patients with nasal polyposis (NPS). The effects on nasal obstruction, anterior and posterior rhinorrhea, sneezing and itching are reported in another article in this issue. Protocol 1. Twenty-four patients with NPS who complained about anosmia were treated with a 7-days course of systemic steroids. Their subjective overall sense of smell was determined with a visual analog scale (VAS) before treatment, immediately after treatment, and two months later. Subsequently all patients underwent surgery bilaterally according to the nasalization principles. The sense of smell was re-evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Protocol 2. Thirty-two patients with NPS not responding to medical therapy who, for different reasons, did not receive oral steroid treatment, received surgery only and were followed up during one year after nasalization. Of these patients, 25 were anosmic and 7 normosmic. Protocol 1. Following the 7-day treatment with systemic steroids the olfactory score increased significantly. During the waiting time for surgery (64 +/- 39 days) this score deteriorated again in a significant way. One month after nasalization which included a depot injection of triamcinolone 80 mg the day after surgery, the olfactory score ameliorated again and remained stable at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. None of the patients reported any intake of systemic steroids during the one-year of follow-up. Statistically, there was a trend suggesting that the 12 month post-nasalization score was better than the immediate post-oral steroid score. A good correlation between the improvement of the sense of smell after 7 days of systemic steroids and one year after nasalization was found. Protocol 2 One month after the nasalization protocol, olfaction in patients of the hypo-anosmic group had improved considerably. Scores at 3, 6, 9, and 12 remained very stable. The sense of smell in the normosmic group did not change after surgery and remained stable during the year of follow-up. In total, 49 patients with a severe loss of smell showed a significant improvement at 12 months after surgery. The present study shows that 1) long-lasting correction of olfactory dysfunction produced by nasal polyposis can be achieved through the combination of nasalization and low dose of nasal steroids, 2) middle turbinate resection does not alter the possibilities to restore the sense of smell. Service d'O.R.L. et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Central, 29 Avenue de Lattre de Tassigny, F-54035 Nancy, France. r.jankowski@chu-nancy.fr Jankowski R R Bodino C C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Steroids IM Adolescent Adult Aged Analysis of Variance Combined Modality Therapy Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications physiopathology therapy Olfaction Disorders etiology physiopathology therapy Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects methods Pain Measurement Prospective Studies Questionnaires Smell drug effects Steroids therapeutic use Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750349 14750348 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Evolution of symptoms associated to nasal polyposis following oral steroid treatment and nasalization of the ethmoid--radical ethmoidectomy is functional surgery for NPS. 211-9 The effects on the symptoms of nasal polyposis (NPS) of 1) a 7-day systemic steroid treatment and 2) radical ethmoidectomy (nasalisation) were compared. Twenty-four patients with NPS whose symptoms failed to respond to medical treatment were included in the study. Symptoms were recorded on Visual Analog Scales (VAS) before (Q1) and the day (Q2) after a 7-day treatment of oral prednisolone (60 mg/day), and a few weeks later the day before surgery (Q3). All patients were operated on bilaterally according to the nasalization principles, i.e. endoscopic radical ethmoidectomy without mucosal preservation, with middle turbinate resection, antrostomy, sphenoidotomy and frontal ostium exposure, and a depot injection of triamcinolone 80 mg the day after surgery. The fourth questionnaire (Q4) was fulfilled one month after surgery, the day of the first postop visit. The following questionnaires were returned by mail at 3 months (Q5), 6 months (Q6), 9 months (Q7), and 12 months (Q8) post-operatively. Patients stayed on topical steroids throughout the study. Nasal obstruction was a major complaint at entry in the study. Following the short-systemic steroid course the obstruction score improved significantly. However, at 2 months after the oral steroid treatment the obstruction score had deteriorated again. Following surgery, obstruction scores ameliorated again and remained stable over the full year of follow-up. Similar results were observed for anterior and posterior rhinorrhea, sneezing and itching. None of the patients reported any intake of systemic steroids during follow-up. These data show that 'nasalization' i.e. radical ethmoidectomy with middle turbinate resection and mucosa removal is effective functional surgery for patients with nasal polyposis if medical treatment fails. The subjective effects on the sense of smell are reported in a separate paper published in this issue. Service d'O.R.L. et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU-Hôpital Central, F-54035 Nancy, France. r.jankowski@chu-nancy.fr Jankowski R R Bodino C C eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Adult Analysis of Variance Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps therapy Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Postoperative Complications Prednisolone therapeutic use Questionnaires Treatment Outcome 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750348 14750347 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Peak nasal inspiratory and expiratory flow measurements--practical tools in primary care? 206-10 General practitioners diagnose and treat numerous patients with nasal problems but have no objective equipment to aid diagnosis. We studied the characteristics of peak nasal inspiratory (PNIF) and expiratory (PNEF) flows to explore their utility for primary care use. One hundred healthy volunteers, 50 men, 50 women, performed PNIF and PNEF measurements in standardised laboratory circumstances. Repeatability was tested for a subgroup of 20 women who performed two consecutive series of PNIF and PNEF at a 2-minute interval. Diurnal variability was tested with a subgroup of 10 men and 10 women who recorded PNIF and PNEF values at home every morning and evening for 7 days. Distribution of individual values for both PNIF and PNEF was wide and independent of subject's age, height, or gender. Repeatability was poor and diurnal variation substantial. PNIF and PNEF lack the properties of good clinical tests and thus cannot be recommended for primary care use. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. karin.blomgren@fimnet.fi Blomgren Karin K Simola Markku M Hytönen Maija M Pitkäranta Anne A eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Case-Control Studies Circadian Rhythm Female Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Nose Diseases diagnosis physiopathology Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Primary Health Care methods Pulmonary Ventilation Reproducibility of Results Rhinomanometry methods Sensitivity and Specificity 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750347 14750346 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyps and middle turbinates epithelial cells sensitivity to amphotericin B. 201-5 Intranasal application of the antimycotic agent amphotericin B (AmphoB) has been proposed as an effective treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with polyps. AmphoB is a sterol-binding agent known to modify cell membrane structure. The cytotoxic effects of AmphoB were studied on primary human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Human epithelial cells were isolated from nasal polyps and middle turbinates of patients suffering from CRS, and grown on collagen-coated polycarbonate filters with an air liquid-interface. After 15 days of culture, cells were exposed apically to 50 microM AmphoB during 4 h daily for 5 days. Some cells were treated during 4 weeks. The bioelectric properties of cells were then studied in Ussing chambers. Integrity of the cell monolayers was assessed by measurement of the transepithelial resistance (R) and immunofluorescent localization of the tight junction protein occludin. Disruption of the epithelial monolayer integrity was observed in all of the nasal polyps cell cultures, as demonstrated by a 60% drop in R. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed significant loss in cell number and disruption in the distribution of occludin. Turbinate cell cultures elicited no change in R and expression of occludin after AmphoB treatment. However, the transepithelial potential, the basal short-circuit current and the amiloride-sensitive current were reduced by 70%. AmphoB was cytotoxic for nasal polyp epithelial cells with disruption of the epithelium integrity and loss of tight junctions. In contrast, integrity of turbinate epithelial cells was conserved despite alterations in transepithelial ion transport. These observations may explain the beneficial effect of intranasal application of AmphoB on CRS observed in clinical trials. Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Lan.H.Jornot@hcuge.ch Jornot L L Rochat T T Lacroix J S JS eng In Vitro Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Ion Channels 0 Membrane Proteins 0 occludin 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B IM Rhinology. 2004 Jun;42(2):110 Amphotericin B adverse effects therapeutic use Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects therapeutic use Cell Membrane Permeability drug effects Cells, Cultured Chronic Disease Electrophysiology Epithelial Cells drug effects Female Fluorescent Antibody Technique Humans Ion Channels drug effects Male Membrane Proteins drug effects Nasal Polyps drug therapy pathology Rhinitis drug therapy Sinusitis drug therapy Tight Junctions drug effects Turbinates cytology drug effects 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750346 14750345 2004 01 30 2004 06 28 2005 11 17

0300-0729 41 4 2003 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Facial pain and sinonasal surgery. 193-200 To examine the causes of facial pain that persists after endoscopic and other sinonasal surgery. A study of a cohort of 973 patients presenting in the outpatient clinic with symptoms of facial pain and/or rhinosinusitis. The study subgroup consisted of 75 patients with facial pain persisting after sinus surgery (endoscopic procedure n = 48, other intranasal procedures n = 27). The patients in the subgroup were studied with particular reference to their original presenting symptoms, endoscopic signs, and findings at CT as well as their symptoms when they presented to this unit and, importantly, these were analysed in the context of their response to treatment and follow-up after a mean of 2 years 7 months. Of the 75 patients who had persistent pain after surgery, 40 had no evidence of disease at endoscopy or CT at their initial presentation, whilst 35 had preoperative evidence of sinonasal disease. However, after surgery and re-evaluation, as well as neurological medical treatment, it was found that sinonasal disease was not the cause of these patients pain. The causes of their facial pain that persisted after sinonasal surgery were tension-type headache, atypical facial pain, migraine, paroxysmal hemicrania, cluster headache but the most common cause was 'midfacial segment pain', which has all the characteristics of tension-type headache but primarily affects the midface. Some patients with facial pain are undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery in the mistaken belief that rhinosinusitis is the cause of their facial pain. All surgeons dealing with facial pain should be familiar with non-sinonasal diagnoses. A new category of facial pain, 'midfacial segment pain', is described and proposed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. nick.jones@nottingham.ac.uk Jones Nick S NS Cooney Tim R TR eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Cohort Studies Endoscopy Facial Pain etiology surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications diagnosis surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Postoperative Complications etiology Tension-Type Headache complications Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2004 1 31 5 0 2004 6 29 5 0 2004 1 31 5 0 ppublish 14750345 12357721 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Early depictions of the nasal turbinates in the 15th century. 168-70 Although nasal turbinates had already been described by Hippocrates, it was not until the 15th century that they were depicted. The inferior turbinate was shown for the first time rather true-to nature in the works of the Middle Rhenic Master circa 1450-1460 and Leonardo da Vinci in 1489. The posterior ends of the middle turbinates were depicted on a woodcut by Georg Thomas for Dryander's "Anatomiae ... pars prior" in 1536. These and a few other examples show that some artists were ahead of the medical profession in demonstrating anatomical details in the 15th and 16th century. Pirsig Wolfgang W eng Corrected and Republished Article Historical Article Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2002 Jun;40(2):104-6 12091993 History, 15th Century Humans Medical Illustration history Medicine in Art Nose Diseases history Turbinates 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357721 12357720 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by an oncocytoma. 165-7 We report the case of a woman with epiphora and purulent rhinorrhea for which she initially underwent a dacryocystorhinostomy. The unilateral rhinorrhea was persistent and one year later an oncocytoma of the lacrimal sac with extension to the nasolacrimal duct was diagnosed. Surgical excision of the tumour via a medial maxillectomy was accomplished. Long-term follow-up for 10 years was without evidence of recurrence. To our knowledge only 22 oncocytomas of the lacrimal sac but none involving the duct have so far been reported. In patients with acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction a lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct tumour though rare is a possibility and should be kept in mind. The majority of these tumours are malignant and oncocytomas may undergo malignant transformation. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.bree@vumc.nl de Bree Remco R Scheeren Robert A RA Kummer Allain A Tiwari Rammohan M RM eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoma, Oxyphilic complications diagnosis pathology surgery Biopsy, Needle Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Immunohistochemistry Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases complications diagnosis pathology surgery Lacrimal Duct Obstruction etiology pathology surgery Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology radiography Nasolacrimal Duct pathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357720 12357719 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Rhinolithiasis: an unusual cause of nasal obstruction. 162-4 Rhinoliths are foreign bodies of the nose, which may be encountered during the course of a routine examination. If undetected for a long time, they may grow large enough to cause symptoms of nasal obstruction, mimicking sinusitis. We report four patients with rhinoliths presenting with diverse clinical findings. Removal was easy and uneventful in all cases. Tzanion General Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece. dbalats@hotmail.com Balatsouras Dimitrios D Eliopoulos Panagiotis P Kaberos Antonis A Economou Constantinos C eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Foreign Bodies complications radiography therapy Humans Male Nasal Cavity Nasal Obstruction etiology radiography therapy Risk Assessment Treatment Outcome 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357719 12357718 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2007 11 15

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Granulocytic sarcoma of the nasal cavity. 159-61 Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare localised tumour of malignant myeloid precursor cells occurring at an extramedullary site. It is usually associated with a myeloproliferative disorder but may be seen preceding the onset of leukemia. Extracranial GS may occur virtually anywhere in the body and may be easily confused with large cell and lymphoblastic lymphoma. This paper reports an unusual case of primary GS of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which presented as a nasal obstruction. Multidrug combination chemotherapies and bone marrow transplantation were performed. Awareness of the potential location of GS in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses should contribute to better define the prognostic significance of this uncommon entity. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Centre, Bellevue Hospital, St-Etienne, France. christian.martin@chu-st-etienne.fr Prades Jean-Michel JM Alaani Ausama A Mosnier Jean-François JF Dumollard Jean-Marc JM Martin Christian C eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols administration & dosage Biopsy, Needle Bone Marrow Transplantation Combined Modality Therapy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Immunohistochemistry Nasal Cavity pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology radiography therapy Risk Assessment Sarcoma, Myeloid pathology radiography therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357718 12357717 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Experimental sinusitis in nasally catheterised rabbits. 154-8 The aim of the study was to create an experimental rabbit model for investigating the effects of nasal catheterization on rhinosinus mucosa, bacterial flora and observing the development of bacterial sinusitis. Healthy adult white rabbits of either sex and with body weights of 2.5-3 kg were used. Rabbits were randomly separated into two groups; the first group was catheterized by 12 French and the second group was catheterized by 8 French catheters blindly and the non-catheterized left sides were accepted as control. Three randomly chosen rabbits from each group were examined by computerized tomography scans (CT) and sacrified in the first, second and the fourth week of the study. Microbiological and histopathological examinations were performed. In both study groups after the first week of nasal catheterization, opacity or air-fluid level was detected in maxillary sinuses by CT scans, which was significant in group 1. Inflammation spread by the prolongation of nasal catheterization and rapidly development of sinusitis was observed by thicker catheters' usage. In this study, the role of nasal catheterization as a predisposing factor in the development of sinusitis and the increase of sinusitis development risk in relation with the catheterization period and the catheters' thickness was shown. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey. cbcetin@superonline.co Cetin Ciğdem Banu CB Kara Cüneyt Orhan CO Colakoğlu Nagihan N Sengül Mustafa M Pinar Hilni Safak HS eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Biopsy, Needle Catheterization adverse effects methods Disease Models, Animal Female Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification Immunohistochemistry Male Maxillary Sinusitis pathology radiography Nasal Mucosa microbiology pathology Random Allocation Reference Values Risk Assessment Sinusitis pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357717 12357716 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2007 11 15

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Maxillary sinus hypoplasia. 150-3 Maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) is an uncommonly encountered condition by otolaryngologists. The computerized tomography (CT) scans provide valuable data about the anatomic details of the paranasal sinuses. MSH may be misdiagnosed as an infection or a neoplasm of the maxillary sinuses. Variations of the other paranasal structures, especially the uncinate process associated with MSH were defined. MSH shows three distinct hypoplasia patterns. Type I MSH characteristics are mild hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus, normal uncinate process and a well-developed infundibular passage. Significant hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus, hypoplastic or absent uncinate process and absent or pathologic infundibular passage are seen in Type II MSH. Type III MSH is characterized by the absence of an uncinate process and cleft-like maxillary sinus hypoplasia. In this study a series of 18 patients with MSH were presented. Twelve cases of unilateral and 6 cases of bilateral maxillary antrum hypoplasia were evaluated and 13 MSH type I, 7 MSH type II and 4 MSH type III were detected. Three ethmomaxillary sinuses, an overpneumatized posterior ethmoid cell into the orbit and the maxillary sinus were determined. Our series showed that the uncinate process anomalies related to MSH may lead to inadvertent orbital complications and therefore should be kept in mind. Otorhinolaryngology Department, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. terdem71@hotmail.com Erdem Tamer T Aktas Davut D Erdem Gulnur G Miman Murat Cem MC Ozturan Orhan O eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cohort Studies Congenital Abnormalities radiography Ethmoid Sinus abnormalities radiography Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillary Sinus abnormalities radiography Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis Risk Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357716 12357715 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A critical audit of the surgical management of intractable epistaxis using sphenopalatine artery ligation/diathermy. 147-9 An audit of the local practice of sphenopalatine artery (SPA) ligation/diathermy was undertaken following its introduction to the unit in April 1998. The authors looked to the literature for evidence of what was to be taken as a successful result and were surprised at the lack of published data on its efficacy or lack thereof. Fivehundredsixtythree patients were admitted for inpatient management of epistaxis over a two-year period. Ten of these patients required surgical control of epistaxis and went on to have either sphenopalatine artery ligation or diathermy. One had concomitant anterior ethmoidal artery diathermy. Postoperatively, the patients stayed between one to ten days (mean 3.3 days). The mean follow up in the clinic was 42.7 days. A recurrent bleed rate of 33% was found, which is higher than previously published results. Of these failures one had internal maxillary embolization followed by anterior ethmoidal artery ligation. The other two failures were successfully corrected with anterior ethmoidal ligation. The authors discuss and illustrate the possible reasons for failure. ENT Department, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Dorset, United Kingdom. dracul@doctors.org.uk Rockey J G JG Anand R R eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Diathermy methods Endoscopy methods Epistaxis diagnosis surgery therapy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Ligation methods Male Maxillary Artery surgery Middle Aged Palate, Hard blood supply Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Treatment Outcome 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357715 12357714 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2007 11 14

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Cholinergic blockade does not alter the nasal congestive response to irritant provocation. 141-6 To understand the mechanism underlying the nasal congestive response to irritant challenge. We exposed 22 subjects--8 with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), 6 with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), and 8 normals--to chlorine (Cl2) gas (1.0 ppm x 15 min.) by nasal CPAP mask. Control exposures (filtered air) were carried out on separate days, with counter-balancing of exposure order. Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured in triplicate before and after the provocation sequence using active posterior rhinomanometry. For each subject, this experiment was repeated twice, after [double-blinded] pre-treatment with: 1) ipratropium bromide (IB) 0.6% nasal spray, and 2) vehicle. As a group, allergic rhinitics (SAR + PAR) showed greater [Cl2] exposure-related increases in NAR than did normals on placebo (vehicle) pretreatment days (p < 0.05). IB pre-treatment, however, did not have a systematic effect on Cl2-induced congestion. Cholinergic mechanisms do not appear to be responsible for the nasal congestive response to irritant provocation. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA. dennis@itsa.ucsf.edu Shusterman Dennis D Murphy Mary-Alice MA Walsh Paula P Balmes John R JR eng DC K23 00121 DC NIDCD NIH HHS United States ES R01 10424 ES NIEHS NIH HHS United States Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cholinergic Antagonists 60205-81-4 Ipratropium 7782-50-5 Chlorine IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Case-Control Studies Chlorine pharmacology Cholinergic Antagonists administration & dosage Cohort Studies Female Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage Male Masks Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nasal Provocation Tests Reference Values Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis Sensitivity and Specificity Statistics, Nonparametric 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357714 12357713 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Validation by fluid volume of acoustic rhinometry before and after decongestant in normal subjects. 135-40 To validate the measurement of nasal volume by acoustic rhinometry, acoustic rhinometry (AR) measures before and after decongestion were compared to a reference volume measurement in 10 healthy volunteers over 3 visits each. The reference method was hydraulic infusion with manometry, involving slow constant-rate infusion of isotonic saline into each nasal cavity while the subject was appropriately positioned. Consecutive 10 mm nasal segments were measured, and hydraulic volume derived. AR volume and hydraulic volume measures were compared. Within subject reproducibility of hydraulic volume and AR volume measures over 3 study days was better than 16% and 11%, respectively. Pre-decongestant, highly significant correlations between AR volume and hydraulic volume in the 20-40 mm segment were found. The mean ratios of AR volume/hydraulic volume ranged from 1.01-1.14. Post decongestant, significant correlations were found in the 30-50 mm segments. The mean AR volume/hydraulic volume ratios were significantly lower (0.88-1.03). Hence, the magnitude of the AR volume change after decongestant was less than the hydraulic volume change (ratio range 0.8 to 1.01), but there were still significant correlations between hydraulic volume and AR volume in the 20-50 mm segments of the cavity. Since hydraulic volume is expected to be similar to anatomical nasal volume, we conclude that changes in AR volume before and after vasoconstriction are similar to anatomical changes in nasal vasculature. AR volume measurements provide a sensitive, reliable and accurate assessment of vasoactive drugs in the nasal cavity. Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia. david.taverner@adelaide.edu.au Taverner David D Bickford Larissa L Latte Jenny J eng Comparative Study Journal Article Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity drug effects physiology Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Prospective Studies Reference Values Rhinomanometry methods Rhinometry, Acoustic methods Sensitivity and Specificity 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357713 12357712 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2007 11 14

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of lateralized and binasal olfactory thresholds. 129-34 We investigated whether dirhinal olfactory thresholds differ from monorhinal ones. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated butanol, Experiment 3 phenylethylalcohol. In Experiments 2 and 3 pen-like odor dispensing devices were used, in Experiment 1 odors were presented in glass bottles. Participants were in excellent health (Experiment 1: 14 female [f], 15 m [m], mean age [ma] 24 years; Experiment 2: 12 f, 19 m, ma 24 years; Experiment 3: 19 f, 19 m, ma 32 years). Thresholds were assessed for left, right, and both nostrils. No significant difference was found between dirhinal results and results for the best of two nostrils. Apart from this, thresholds were found to improve with repeated testing. In conclusion, using two odorants with different techniques of administration in studies performed at different sites, the present results indicated that there is no major difference between odor detection thresholds obtained for the best and both nostrils. Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Frasnelli J J Livermore A A Soiffer A A Hummel T T eng P01 DC 00161 DC NIDCD NIH HHS United States Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Butanols 64-17-5 Ethanol IM Adult Butanols pharmacology Ethanol pharmacology Female Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Olfactory Pathways Pilot Projects Reference Values Sensitivity and Specificity Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357712 12357711 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2008 11 21

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Flextube reflectometry for level diagnosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring. 122-8 The aim of this study was to use sound reflections in a flexible tube (flextube reflectometry) for identifying the predominant obstructive level of the upper airway in a series of patients referred to a sleep clinic. We also wished to study the relationship between the number of flextube narrowings per hour recording and the RDI (respiratory disturbance index = apnoeas and hypopneas per hour recording) by ResMed AutoSet (AS), which is a device based on nasal pressure variations. We performed sleep studies on 54 patients referred for snoring or OSA; 1) at home with AS; 2) in hospital using flextube reflectometry and AS simultaneously. The predominant obstructive level of the upper airway was retropalatal in 15 of the patients and retrolingual in 25 of the patients determined by flextube reflectometry. In 14 there was no predominant level of narrowing. We found a statistically significant correlation between the number of flextube narrowings per hour recording and the RDIs by the AS (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.62, p < 0.001, n = 54). Flextube reflectometry may provide useful information regarding the level of obstructive predominance during obstructive events. The method also determines the frequency of respiratory disturbances and records snoring sound. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. c.e.faber@dadlnet.dk Faber C E CE Hilberg O O Grymer L L eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy methods Female Fiber Optic Technology Humans Male Middle Aged Observer Variation Polysomnography instrumentation methods Probability Prospective Studies Reproducibility of Results Rhinometry, Acoustic methods Sampling Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Sleep Apnea, Obstructive complications diagnosis Snoring etiology 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357711 12357710 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Histological comparison of nasal polyposis in black African, Chinese and Caucasian patients. 118-21 We have compared the histological aspects of nasal mucosa biopsies (n = 130) obtained during bilateral polypectomy and ethmoidectomy performed in black African (n = 50), Chinese (n = 30) and Caucasian patients (n = 50) suffering from bilateral nasal polyposis (NP). The three groups of patients were matched for age and sex. The African and Chinese patients did not receive any medical treatment before endoscopic nasal surgery (ENS). All Caucasian patients were treated with corticosteroid nasal spray (400 mg/day) for 6 months. In the absence of subjective and objective clinical improvement, ENS was performed after antibiotic treatment for 10 days and prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Clinical staging of the NP was graded from I to III (I = polyps limited to the middle meatus, II = polyps extending beyond the middle meatus, and III = polyps occupying the entire nasal cavity). Stage I NP was present in 22% of the Caucasians and 30% of the Chinese. Stage II was found in 58% of the Caucasians, 56% of the Chinese and 8% of the Africans. Stage III was found in 92% of the Africans, while only 20% of the Caucasians and 14% of the Chinese patients had stage III. The extent of submucosal oedema and number of mast cells were similar for the three groups of patients. A significantly greater number of eosinophils were observed in African polyps. Lymphocytes as well as plasmocytes were rare in African but abundant in polyps from both Chinese and Caucasian. Ulceration of the overlying epithelium of the polyps was observed in 20% of the African and 10% of both Chinese and Caucasians patients. We did not find any significant thickening of the basal membrane. We cannot exclude the possibility that the histological difference observed between African and Chinese polyps is related to the very common use among the Chinese population of topical intranasal treatment according to their traditional medicine practices. Since no major histological difference was found in the nasal mucosa and polyps obtained from the three groups of patients, NP in African, Chinese and Caucasian patients is very probably a similar inflammatory disease in all three ethnic groups. Rhinology and Olfactology Unit, ENT Department, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. silvain.lacroix@hcuge.ch Lacroix J S JS Zheng C G CG Goytom S H SH Landis B B Szalay-Quinodoz I I Malis D D DD eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Analysis of Variance Asian Continental Ancestry Group Biopsy, Needle Child Chronic Disease Cohort Studies Endoscopy methods European Continental Ancestry Group Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Polyps ethnology pathology surgery Nose Neoplasms ethnology pathology surgery Probability Prospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357710 12357709 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2008 11 21

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Practical aspects on rhinostereometry. 115-7 Rhinostereometry is an exact optical method used to detect changes in nasal mucosal swelling, where subjects are fixed to a micrometer table by means of a tooth splint, and the nasal mucosa is observed through a surgical microscope. The method is relatively new, used only by a few groups, and needs further specifications for standardised use. In this paper, I discuss the practical use of the method, including pitfalls, from my own experience. Factors like the need to use a tooth splint, the indoor climate, hairs of the vestibulum, psychological influence, anatomical variations, secretion, crusts, subjective interpretation by the observer, and positioning time are important for obtaining consensus recommendations in rhinostereometry studies. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kungsbacka Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden. eva.ellegard@lthalland.se Ellegård Eva E eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Microscopy methods Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis Optics and Photonics Otolaryngology methods Rhinomanometry methods Sensitivity and Specificity 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357709 12357708 2002 10 02 2003 02 07 2008 11 21

0300-0729 40 3 2002 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold. 109-14 There is a widely held belief that acute viral respiratory infections are the result of a "chill" and that the onset of a respiratory infection such as the common cold is often associated with acute cooling of the body surface, especially as the result of wet clothes and hair. However, experiments involving inoculation of common cold viruses into the nose, and periods of cold exposure, have failed to demonstrate any effect of cold exposure on susceptibility to infection with common cold viruses. Present scientific opinion dismisses any cause-and-effect relationship between acute cooling of the body surface and common cold. This review proposes a hypothesis; that acute cooling of the body surface causes reflex vasoconstriction in the nose and upper airways, and that this vasoconstrictor response may inhibit respiratory defence and cause the onset of common cold symptoms by converting an asymptomatic subclinical viral infection into a symptomatic clinical infection. Common Cold Centre, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom. eccles@cardiff.ac.uk Eccles R R eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cold Temperature Common Cold etiology physiopathology Humans Hypothermia, Induced Nasal Mucosa physiology Prognosis Respiratory Tract Infections etiology physiopathology Rhinovirus isolation & purification Risk Assessment Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Vasoconstriction physiology 25 2002 10 3 4 0 2003 2 8 4 0 2002 10 3 4 0 ppublish 12357708 12012954 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Low grade primary clear cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract. 44-7 Clear cell carcinoma of the salivary glands are rare tumors. Metastatic clear cell carcinoma from a primary in the adrenal glands to the head and neck area have been described in the literature. However, primary clear cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses have not been yet alluded to in the literature except in the paper of Newman (1993). We are presenting our experience and long term follow-up in the diagnosis and management of such a lesion in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, American University of Beirut Medical Center, New York, USA. hb03@aub.edu.lb Moh'd Hadi Usamah U Kahwaji Ghassan Joseph GJ Mufarrij Amjad Afif AA Tawil Ayman A Noureddine Bahaa B eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell diagnosis surgery Adult Angiography Combined Modality Therapy Embolization, Therapeutic methods Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012954 12012953 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis as a cause of nasal obstruction. 41-3 We present the tenth case of Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis (EAF) in the english literature, which presented as nasal obstruction in a patient of Indian descent. The histopathological and clinical features of this underreported condition is discussed as well as other lesions that may show similar features to EAF. ENT Department, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom. tonyowa@hotmail.com Owa A O AO Boyle S S Gallimore A P AP eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biopsy, Needle Eosinophilic Granuloma diagnosis pathology surgery Follow-Up Studies Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Nasal Obstruction diagnosis pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Treatment Outcome 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012953 12012952 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2005 11 16

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Infectious and neoplastic diseases of the sphenoid sinus--a report of 10 cases. 34-40 Sphenoid opacifications may be discovered during the radiological work up of patients presenting with fever, headache, or neurological changes. While most of these patients do not require surgical intervention, prompt assessment and management is nevertheless required. Ten patients who underwent sphenoidotomy for drainage or biopsy at Montefiore Hospital during a 4-year period from September 1995 through January 2000 are presented. Nine out of 10 patients had predisposing factors such as AIDS, diabetes, leukemia, and end-stage renal disease. The most common presentation was altered mental status. One patient rapidly developed cavernous sinus thrombosis. Microbiology of sphenoid cultures included various fungi, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, coagulase negative Staphylococci, and Corynebacterium. Neoplastic processes included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. When evaluating hospitalized patients with sphenoid sinus disease, a thorough history and a bedside nasal endoscopy should be performed. Conservative management in the form of intravenous antibiotics and topical decongestion should always be the first line of treatment. Those patients with clinical or radiological evidence of disease extending beyond the confines of the sphenoid sinus require immediate surgical intervention. Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA. Mra Zan Z Roach Jeffrey C JC Brook Allan L AL eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections diagnosis drug therapy Adult Aged Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage Aspergillosis diagnosis drug therapy Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Prognosis Sphenoid Sinus Sphenoid Sinusitis diagnosis drug therapy microbiology Survival Rate Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 18 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012952 12012951 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The management of sinonasal inverted papilloma: our experience. 28-33 The inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a controversial disease. It invades surrounded structures, shows a high recurrence rate after surgical excision and may coexist with squamous cell carcinoma. The use of the optimal surgical approach and technique is of the utmost importance, as it is related to the possibility of recurrence. In cases of tumors of limited size a conservative local excision is sufficient, while, in larger tumors filling the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses a more aggressive strategy is needed, such as a medial maxillectomy after lateral rhinotomy. In this paper we present our experience from treating 42 sinonasal inverted papillomas, using a surgical technique which is based on the conservation of as much part of the healthy lateral nasal wall as possible. This modified medial maxillectomy allows us to create a limited in size and normally functioning nasal cavity, thus minimizing the disadvantages of the classical medial maxillectomy without jeopardizing the safety of the operation. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece. Terzakis Georgios G Vlachou Stamatia S Kyrmizakis Dionysios D Helidonis Emmanuel E eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biopsy, Needle Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Papilloma, Inverted pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology surgery Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012951 12012950 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Correlation of middle meatus and ethmoid sinus microbiology in patients with chronic sinusitis. 24-7 Empirical antibiotics constitute the cornerstone of medical therapy for chronic sinusitis due to difficulties of obtaining cultures from the paranasal sinuses. Indirect isolation of the pathogenic microorganisms outside the paranasal sinuses with a non-invasive method may enable administration of specific antibiotics. In this prospective study, we obtained cultures from the middle meatus and ethmoid sinuses of 193 sides from 127 patients who had undergone FESS for chronic sinusitis with a method that minimizes the risk of nasal contamination. The same bacterial species were isolated from both the ethmoid sinus and middle meatus in 59.3% of the cultures. There was no bacterial growth in either site in 32.3% of the cultures. The overall correlation rate of middle meatus and ethmoid sinus cultures was estimated to be 91.6%. In conclusion, middle meatal cultures can be used for the isolation of pathogenic microorganisms indirectly, while administration of specific antibiotics can be possible according to the results of these cultures. Ankara Numune Hospital 1, ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. mugeozcan@yahoo.com Ozcan Muge M Unal Adnan A Aksaray Sabahat S Yalcin Fatih F Akdeniz Tahir T eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Culture Media IM Adolescent Adult Bacterial Infections diagnosis microbiology Colony Count, Microbial Culture Media Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinusitis microbiology surgery Female Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity microbiology Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Sinusitis microbiology surgery Specimen Handling 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012950 12012949 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Bacteriology of chronic sinusitis: the bulla ethmoidalis content. 18-23 To study the microbiology of the bulla ethmoidalis of patients who suffered from chronic sinusitis. A prospective study performed at the Saint-Luc universitary clinic (University of Louvain) from June 1999 to December 2000. Seventy seven patients underwent functional endoscopic endonasal surgery during this period for chronic sinusitis refractory to standard medical treatment. All the patients presented symptoms for more than 3 months. After Povidone-Iodine disinfection, samples were taken into the bulla ethmoidalis after its opening with an endoscopic endonasal control. Samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory using a thioglycolate medium for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. One hundred forty eight samples were studied. Culture rate was 73.6%. Thirty nine samples remained sterile. In the 109 culture positive specimens, 135 bacterial isolates were recovered. The main results are: Staphylococcus coagulase negative: 31, Staphylococcus aureus: 22, Streptococcus sp: 20, other Gram positive Cocci: 5, Haemophilus influenzae: 4, non-fermentative Gram negative bacilli: 6, Enterobacteriaceae: 45, anaerobic bacteria: 2. Enterobacteriaceae or enteric gram negative bacilli were frequently encountered in the bulla ethmoidalis of patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. This report suggests that endoscopically guided culture obtained from the ethmoid sinus may accurate our understanding of the microbiology of chronic ethmoidal sinusitis and underline the importance of Enterobacteriaceae in this disease. ENT Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@orlo.ucl.ac.be Rombaux Ph P Gigi J J Hamoir M M Eloy Ph P Bertrand B B eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Culture Media IM Adult Aged Bacterial Infections diagnosis microbiology Chronic Disease Colony Count, Microbial Culture Media Endoscopy methods Ethmoid Sinusitis diagnosis microbiology surgery Female Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012949 12012948 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2007 11 15

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A characteristic protein in nasal discharge differentiating non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis from allergic rhinitis. 13-7 To differentiate non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis (vasomotor rhinitis) from allergic rhinitis, a characteristic protein in the nasal discharge was studied. The subjects consisted of 10 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis to house dust, 10 patients without perennial rhinitis without antigen (clinically defined as non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis) and 5 normal volunteers without nasal disease as a control group. The total protein in the nasal discharge was determined by Lowry's method and analysis of the protein components was made by SDS-PAGE. It was found that the nasal discharge obtained from the case with perennial allergic rhinitis contained a high concentration of albumin (25.9 micrograms/ml) and a characteristic protein band with an estimated molecular weight of 26 kilo-Daltons (kD) on a SDS-PAGE, in a concentration of 15.8 micrograms/ml. In contrast, the nasal discharge from non-allergic chronic rhinosonusitis patients contained a lower concentration of albumin (12.9 micrograms/ml) than that of the allergic rhinitis patients, and the concentration of the characteristic protein 26 kD was only 2.3 micrograms/ml. The 26 kD protein was considered to originate from the nasal glands, since its secretion could be provoked by stimulation of the nasal glands of the normal volunteers with a 1% pilocarpine spray. The low concentration of albumin and the characteristic protein 26 kD in the nasal discharge thus appeared to differentiate patients with non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis from those with perennial allergic rhinitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. iguchi@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp Iguchi Yoshiaki Y Yao Kazuo K Okamoto Makito M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Albumins 0 Biological Markers EC 2.7.11.11 Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases IM Adolescent Adult Albumins analysis Biological Markers analysis Case-Control Studies Chronic Disease Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases analysis Diagnosis, Differential Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry cytology Probability Prospective Studies Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Rhinitis, Vasomotor diagnosis Sampling Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Sinusitis diagnosis 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012948 12012947 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology How often do normal persons sneeze and blow the nose? 10-2 Rhinitis is defined as an inflammatory disease, but in clinical practice the diagnosis is based on the occurrence of nasal symptoms. As all persons occasionally sneeze and blow the nose, it is necessary to define what is normal. In this study the daily number of sneezes and of nose blowing were recorded in diary-cards over a 14 day period by 80 hospital employees and medical students, who considered themselves not to suffer from rhinitis. The results showed that more than 95% of the normal persons sneezed and blew the nose less than 4 times a day, on average. It is concluded that it is normal to sneeze and blow the nose less than 4 times daily while a higher number can be a sign of rhinitis. It is recommended that counting of sneezes and of nose blowing is used in clinical trials in order to define the study population. Together with an objective measurement of nasal patency this can be useful in defining the effect profile of different types of treatment. Otopathological Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Hansen Bjarne B Mygind Niels N eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose physiopathology Prevalence Questionnaires Reference Values Rhinitis diagnosis physiopathology Sampling Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Sneezing 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012947 12012946 2002 05 15 2002 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 1 2002 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Image guided surgery of paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base--five years experience with the InstaTrak-System. 1-9 We report on our experience with navigational tools in paranasal sinus and anterior skull base surgery, especially with electromagnetic guidance systems. During the last five years we operated over 80 selected cases with the InstaTrak system from VTI (Lawrence, MS, USA). Applicability and user friendliness were explored. The InstaTrak 3500 employs a Sun Workstation and is a frameless and free-arm and navigation system. Two different suction devices, used as sensors (receivers), and one transmitter are interconnected to this workstation. The position of the tip of the aspirator is displayed as a pair of crosshairs on the screen in axial, coronal and sagittal planes of the patient's CT-scan on the computerscreen online. Our results showed high accuracy-level, usually better than one millimeter and a setup-time less than ten minutes, on average. No additional personnel is required in the OR. We believe that the system enhances efficacy in selected cases like revision surgery, tumor surgery or difficult anterior skull base surgery. However, one should consider that medicolegal responsibility stays always with the surgeon and not with any navigation system. ENT Department, University Medical School, Graz, Austria. wolfgang.koele@uni-graz.at Koele Wolfgang W Stammberger Heinz H Lackner Andreas A Reittner Pia P eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Austria Endoscopy methods Equipment Design Equipment Safety Female Humans Male Paranasal Sinuses physiopathology surgery Retrospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Skull Base physiopathology surgery Surgery, Computer-Assisted instrumentation methods Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive methods Treatment Outcome 2002 5 16 10 0 2002 11 26 4 0 2002 5 16 10 0 ppublish 12012946 12092003 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic removal of a nasal septum chondrosarcoma. 96-9 We describe an alternative, endoscopical technique for the surgical removal of a rare chondrosarcoma on the nasal septum. The technique requires a resection of the whole tumour within margins in healthy osteocartilaginous nasal septum under endoscopic guidance and includes bilateral middle turbinectomy and ethmoidectomy. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman with a well-differentiated chondrosarcoma (Grade I) of the nasal septum. Endoscopical surgery resulted without any cosmetic deformity problems, and the functional result was favourable. No recurrence was evidenced after a follow-up of 3 years. The main advantages of this technique are the excellent functional and cosmetic results without any surgical reconstructive techniques. This approach may provide a minimally invasive method to remove well-differentiated, low-grade (Grade I) and size limited malignant cartilaginous tumours of the nasal septum. Laboratory of Experimental Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. gigerro@hotmail.com Giger Roland R Kurt Anne-Marie AM Lacroix Jean-Silvain JS eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chondrosarcoma surgery Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Middle Aged Nasal Septum Nose Neoplasms surgery Time Factors 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12092003 12092002 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Hangman's knot in securing bypass tubes in endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. 95 We performed 15 cases of dacryocystorhinostomy endoscopically with an 86% success rate. Using a Hangman's knot, the bypass tubes were placed in a secure and lasting way. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Prepageran N N Raman R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Dacryocystorhinostomy methods Endoscopy Humans Intubation instrumentation Suture Techniques 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12092002 12092001 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Septal-turbinate-suture in endonasal sinus surgery. 92-4 The middle turbinate (MT) is an important landmark in sinus surgery with specific functions in the nasal physiology. Because of postoperative instability and corresponding mucosal defects in the middle nasal meatus scar formations between the MT and the lateral nasal wall are frequent. Lateralization and scarring to the lateral nasal wall can be avoided by means of a resorbable mattress suture (septal-turbinate-suture (STS)) through the head of the MT and the septum. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. wiesmiller-lindemann@t-online.de Lindemann Jörg J Keck Tilman T Rettinger Gerhard G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Paranasal Sinuses surgery Suture Techniques Turbinates surgery 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12092001 12092000 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Fibrin glue treatment for epistaxis. 88-91 Our study was made to prove the second-generation surgical fibrin sealant Quixil to be an effective substitute for nasal packing, chemical coagulation and cautery in management of patients with epistaxis. Our series includes 204 patients with anterior epistaxis (186), and with posterior epistaxis (18) as results of trauma, clotting disorders, chronic and/or atrophic rhinitis and upper respiratory infections, and hypertension. Patients were randomly divided into four groups: with fibrin glue (67) (Quixil), with electric cautery (61), with silver nitrate coagulation (60), and with foam nasal packing (16). For the fibrin glue group, hemostasis was achieved by spraying with 0.3 ml Quixil fibrin glue to each bleeding nostril. The results were excellent in all of the 62 (92.5%) patients of the fibrin glue group with complete and immediate hemostasis. We found good healing of bleeding sites, no swelling and secondary bleeding, no inflammation, no plaque or crists. Three months monitoring of atrophic changes of the nasal mucosa proved absence of atrophy of the nasal mucosa. In this group, the bleeding time averaged 2 min 30 sec since the moment of admittance. In the groups where cautery, coagulation, or nasal packing was used, we found local swelling, pain, and slow healing of the bleeding site with accidental atrophy of the nasal mucosa. The rates of these side effects were significantly higher in comparison with the fibrin glue group. The bleeding time was also longer. We found that the fibrin glue is more effective hemostatic in comparison with foam nasal packing, cautery and coagulation, and provides no complications usual for these types of treatment of epistaxis. Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. shteren20@hotmail.com Vaiman Michael M Segal Samuel S Eviatar Efraim E eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Fibrin Tissue Adhesive 0 Tissue Adhesives 7761-88-8 Silver Nitrate IM Adolescent Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Electrocoagulation Epistaxis therapy Female Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Silver Nitrate therapeutic use Tampons, Surgical Tissue Adhesives therapeutic use 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12092000 12091999 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2007 11 15

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Excision of rhinophyma with a laser scanner handpiece--a modified technique. 83-7 Rhinophyma is a slowly progressive, benign dermatological disorder of the tip of the nose. The most widely accepted theory is that rhinophyma is the end stage result of chronic acne rosacea. The primary reason for excision of rhinophyma is cosmetic deformity. However, nasal obstruction may present, as rhinophyma may obstruct nasal vestibules. Surgery is the treatment of choice for rhinophyma. Medical therapy has not given satisfactory results. The surgical treatment modalities are divided into two main groups. The first is complete excision, with primary closure for small lesions, or skin grafting for large lesions. The second group includes incomplete excision followed by re-epithelialization from the remaining glandular epithelium. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been advocated for excision of rhinophyma. Newer instrumentation, such as Swiftlase and SurgiTouch (ESC Sharplan) or Ultrapulse (Coherent) is more effective in vaporization and carbonization resulting in better hemostasis (Ries and Speyer, 1996). In this report, 7 patients with rhinophyma treated with the Swiftlase are reviewed. The surgical technique, the complications and the follow-up are discussed. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece. skulakis@hotmail.com Skoulakis Charalambos E CE Papadakis Chariton E CE Papadakis Dimitrios G DG Bizakis John G JG Kyrmizakis Dionysios E DE Helidonis Emmanuel S ES eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Female Humans Laser Therapy instrumentation Male Middle Aged Rhinophyma surgery 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091999 12091998 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Incidence of chronic hyperostotic rhinosinusitis in patients undergoing primary sinus surgery compared to revision surgery. 80-2 The incidence of chronic hyperostotic rhinosinusitis has been underreported due to poor recognition of the disease process. The surgical management of chronic hyperostotic rhinosinusitis with prolonged pre and post-operative antibiotic therapy can alter clinical course of the disease process. A prospective study of 40 patients based at two teaching tertiary care institutions. CT scans of twenty patients (ten undergoing primary sinus surgery and ten undergoing revision sinus surgery) were randomly selected from each institution and reviewed by an independent radiologist for evidence of hyperostosis and compared to original reading of the CT scans. The finding of sinus hyperostosis is rarely reported by the radiologist on the sinus CT scan where the focus is always on mucosal disease. The incidence of sinus hyperostosis is higher, in patients undergoing revision sinus surgery than patients undergoing primary sinus surgery. Sinus hyperostosis is not an uncommon finding in chronic refractory sinusitis which may require long term intravenous antibiotic therapy in conjunction with surgery to provide symptomatic relief. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Center, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA. Kacker Ashutosh A Huang Clark C Anand Vijay V eng Journal Article Multicenter Study

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Female Humans Hyperostosis epidemiology surgery Incidence Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Random Allocation Reoperation Rhinitis epidemiology surgery Sinusitis epidemiology surgery 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091998 12091997 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Epidemiological and clinical aspects of nasal polyposis in France; the ORLI group experience. 75-9 Nasal polyposis (NP) is a common condition in patients consulting ENT practitioners in France. A multicenter prospective study was performed to evaluate symptoms, demography, environmental factors, personal and family history and associated conditions like asthma, and food or drugs sensitivity (FDS) in patients suffering from NP. In each investigation center assessments were performed at the moment of the initial consultation by the same investigator, then updated with complementary exploration results required by the protocol. The chi 2 test and the Fisher test were used for statistical analysis. In this study 224 patients were included. Males were predominant at 63%. Asthma was found in 45% of cases without relevant sex difference. However, FDS, positive in 31% of the patients, was statistically higher in females than in males (42.9% vs. 24.4%). Severe and major symptoms were more frequently found in the female population. Environment and habitat factors did not appear to be relevant. High rates of NP (52.66%) and asthma (43.58%) were found in the family history. Hereditary factors were suggested and lead us to further study the genetic factors potentially involved in this pathology. Hôpital Intercommunal, Service ORL, Créteil, France. michel.rugina@chicreteil.fr Rugina M M Serrano E E Klossek J M JM Crampette L L Stoll D D Bebear J P JP Perrahia M M Rouvier P P Peynegre R R eng Journal Article Multicenter Study

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Asthma epidemiology Drug Hypersensitivity epidemiology Female Food Hypersensitivity epidemiology France epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps diagnosis epidemiology Prospective Studies Sex Distribution 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091997 12091996 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2011 11 17

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Cost analysis of regular and filgrastim treatment in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. 69-74 In this double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial of filgrastim in chronic sinusitus, we analyzed costs of a 24-week interval in which filgrastim was administered. Since we hypothesized that the scheduled preventive visits within the trial might cause savings as compared to the regular situation in which these patients have a strong tendency to visit the outpatient clinic immediately in case of complications, direct medical costs within the trial were also compared to costs of regular treatment. The difference in costs between both trial groups was driven by the filgrastim costs (Euro 5108). If filgrastim costs were left out of consideration, no significant difference in direct medical costs remained between the filgrastim and placebo groups (Euro 2904 and Euro 2765, respectively). Indirect medical costs also showed no significant differences. Within a regular situation, costs of a 24-week interval were Euro 896. As filgrastim treatment had already been shown not to improve the quality of life, its cost-effectiveness in these patients can only be favourable in case of major clinical improvements. Furthermore, scheduled preventive visits in chronic sinusitis patients appear not to cause savings as compared to the situation in which patients are only seen in case of recurrences. Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. vanagthoven@bmg.eur.nl van Agthoven M M Uyl-de Groot C A CA Fokkens W J WJ van de Merwe J P JP Busschbach J J V JJ eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Recombinant Proteins 121181-53-1 Filgrastim 143011-72-7 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor IM Adult Chronic Disease Cost-Benefit Analysis Costs and Cost Analysis Double-Blind Method Female Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor economics therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Recombinant Proteins Rhinitis drug therapy economics Sinusitis drug therapy economics 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091996 12091995 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2005 11 17

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Short-term repeatability and correlates of laboratory measures of nasal function in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 66-8 The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of laboratory nasal function tests in 26 patients (18 female) with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) (mean age 38.1 years). Their usual medication for SAR was withheld for 2 separate one week washout periods, separated by at least 2 weeks, in order to produce clinically significant nasal airflow obstruction. Measurements were made on both occasions for nasal nitric oxide (NO), nasal peak inspiratory flow (nPIF), oral PIF (oPIF), nasal forced inspiratory flow rate in 1 second (nFIV1), oral FIV1 (oFIV1). The respective nasal-oral ratios for FIV1 and PIF were also determined. The intra-individual coefficient of variation was: NO = 14%, nFIV1 = 4%, nFIV1/oFIV1 ratio = 10%, nPIF = 8% and nPIF/oPIF ratio = 12%. Linear regression analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) correlations between nPIF and nFIV1 (R2 = 0.45) and between nPIF/oPIF and nFIV1/oFIV1 (R2 = 0.20). In conclusion, there was a good correlation between the two methods of nasal inspiratory flow, although FIV1 had a lesser degree of variability. Asthma & Allergy Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK. Sims Erika J EJ Wilson Andrew M AM White Paul S PS Gardiner Quentin Q Lipworth Brian J BJ eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide IM Adult Female Humans Linear Models Male Nasal Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology Nitric Oxide metabolism Reproducibility of Results Respiratory Function Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis physiopathology 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091995 12091994 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2005 11 16

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Dacryocystorhinostomy. Diagnosis and treatment of nasolacrimal canal obstructions. 49-65 Since Toti's original description of the dacryocystorhinostomy (CDR) in 1904, most surgery for relief of lacrimal obstruction has been performed through an external incision. Although the endonasal approach was for the first time introduced by Caldwell in 1893, its use stayed limited due to difficulties in visualizing the endonasal structures during the operation. The advance of the operating microscope and later a rigid endoscope into the surgery awakened interest for the endonasal approach. Endonasal DCR surgery has the advantages of preventing a scar on the skin and preserving the pump function of the naslacrimal sac. If the surgeon is experienced in endoscopic or microscopic surgery, correct localization of the window and addressing possible other nasal pathologies is possible in the same session. The endonasal laser DCR is not the first operation to be preferred due to the high cost, longer operation time, and less satisfactory results. It may be an alternative in cases with a tendency to bleeding. Endonasal surgery can not help canalicular problems. In these cases external surgery should be preferred. In revision cases, the endonasal approach is preferred by almost all authors. Even in external surgery, endoscopy may accompany the external approach to check the site of the fistula. Silicone intubation may be used routinely for two months to have better results, but no longer than 3 months to avoid complications. Silicone intubation is especially recommended in canalicular stenosis, small scarred lacrimal sacs and in reoperations. In this review article, diagnostic tests and various surgical methods, the advantages and disadvantages, were compared. Reasons for failure after surgery are also discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Onerci M M eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Silicone Elastomers IM Dacryocystorhinostomy Diagnostic Imaging Humans Intubation Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases diagnosis surgery Lacrimal Duct Obstruction diagnosis surgery Nasolacrimal Duct Silicone Elastomers Treatment Failure 141 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091994 12091993 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Early depictions of the nasal turbinates in the 15th century. 104-6 Although nasal turbinates had already been described by Hippocrates, it was not until the 15th century that they were depicted. The inferior turbinate was shown for the first time rather true- to nature in the works of the Middle Rhenic Master circa 1450-1460 and Leonardo da Vinci in 1489. The posterior ends of the middle turbinates were depicted on a woodcut by Georg Thomas for Dryander's "Anatomiae ... pars prior" in 1536. These and a few other examples show that some artists were ahead of the medical profession in demonstrating anatomical details in the 15th and 16th century. Pirsig Wolfgang W eng Historical Article Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2002 Sep;40(3):168-70 12357721 Anatomy, Artistic history History, 15th Century History, 16th Century Humans Turbinates anatomy & histology 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091993 12091992 2002 07 02 2002 12 11 2005 11 16

0300-0729 40 2 2002 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasopharyngeal glioma in a new-born girl. 100-3 Nasal gliomas are uncommon tumours of neurogenic origin that occur sporadically. They are diagnosed with MRI and a preoperative biopsy, and surgery is the treatment of choice. Most of the gliomas emerge from the nasal cavity, but only a few cases of nasopharyngeal gliomas have been reported. We present one case of a nasopharyngeal glioma and two cases of nasal gliomas. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. karin.petruson@orlss.gu.se Petruson K K Nylén O O Willén R R Petruson B B eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Glioma epidemiology pathology Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Nasal Cavity Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms epidemiology pathology Nose Neoplasms epidemiology pathology Sweden epidemiology 13 2002 7 3 10 0 2002 12 12 4 0 2002 7 3 10 0 ppublish 12091992 12526256 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Rhinology resources on the Internet. 229-34 During recent years medical information through Internet is increasingly available to both patients and professionals and ever more biomedical resources become available on line to assist in clinical medicine, education and research. The purpose of this article is to present a detailed list of all the worldwide web sites of rhinology that are accessible through the Internet. ENT Department of Tzanion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. dbalats@hotmail.com Balatsouras Dimitrios G DG Kaberos Antonis C AC Leontiadis Anastasios A Korres Stavros G SG Ferekidis Eleftherios E Economou Constantinos C eng Directory

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Internet Otolaryngology 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526256 12526255 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Recurrent facial pain due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa sinusitis. 226-8 Pseudomonas (P) aeruginosa has been rarely reported as a causative agent of chronic sinusitis in otherwise healthy individuals, mostly as part of polymicrobial infections, while it has been frequently described among immunocompromised patients. We report a case of chronic maxillary sinustitis due to P. aeruginosa presenting as recurrent facial pain in a previously healthy middle-aged woman. Bacteriological diagnosis was established by tissue cultures and definitive treatment was achieved by surgical intervention and postoperative antibiotic treatment along with topical care. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. vdanielidis@hotmail.com Danielides Vasilis V Nousia Christina-Sophia CS Gesouli Eleni E Papakostas Vasilios V Milionis Haralampos J HJ Skevas Antonios A eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Facial Pain etiology Female Humans Maxillary Sinusitis complications Middle Aged Pseudomonas Infections complications 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526255 12526254 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Blindness following medial maxillectomy. 223-5 Medial maxillectomy via lateral rhinotomy approach is used in the treatment for tumours affecting the lateral nasal wall. The most frequent complications are crusting, epicanthal scarring and epiphora. The authors report a rare case of blindness secondary to indirect optic neuropathy following medial maxillectomy undertaken to treat a malignant melanoma arising in the lateral nasal wall. It is important to keep in mind, the possibility of this rare complication, while patients are being counselled preoperatively for medial maxillectomy. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. sudhakiran7@yahoo.com Kalavagunta Sudhakiran S Roy Dev D Fish B B Jackson S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Blindness etiology Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms surgery Melanoma surgery Optic Nerve Diseases etiology Postoperative Complications 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526254 12526253 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A rare location of bilateral inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. 220-2 Inverted papilloma is a rare benign sinonasal tumour, characterized by a potentially invasive nature. The lateral nasal wall represents the most common site of origin, whereas paranasal sinuses are involved by extension quite frequently. In contrast, primary sinus inverted papillomas have rarely been reported. Although the midfacial degloving approach has historically been the procedure of choice, recent technological advances have rendered endoscopic sinus surgery a safe procedure with equivalent success rates and low probability of papilloma recurrence. We present a rare case of bilateral inverted papilloma arising from the sphenoid septum and extending towards both the sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses and the posterior section of both nasal cavities, while it slenderizes the sella turcica by compression and elevates the pituitary gland. The bilateral inverted papilloma was successfully removed with a transnasal endoscopic procedure. There is no evidence of recurrence for a follow up period of 1.5 years postoperatively. We conclude that it is a rare entity, which can be treated successfully with endoscopic sinus surgery in the hands of an experienced otorhinolaryngologist. University of Athens Medical School, Dept. of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hippocrateion General Hospital, Athens, Greece. jyiotak@otenet.gr Yiotakis John J Hantzakos Anastassios A Kandiloros Dimitrios D Ferekidis Eleftherios E eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Humans Male Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Papilloma, Inverted pathology radiography surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology surgery 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526253 12526252 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic treatment of so-called intranasal glioma. 217-9 Immunohistochemistry is useful to establish the pathological diagnosis of nasal glioma for which surgical excision is the unique treatment. Here we report a case of intranasal glioma found in a 5-month-old male patient. The tumor was successfully removed by endoscopic surgery. In the absence of a connection between the tumor and endocranial contents, we suggest to remove intranasal glioma by endoscopic surgery. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. hiddy@aurora.dti.ne.jp Yokoi Hidenori H Wada Ryo R Ichikawa Ginichirou G eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child, Preschool Endoscopy Glioma diagnosis pathology surgery Humans Immunohistochemistry Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Nose Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526252 12526251 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Sphenochoanal polyp: diagnose and treatment. 215-6 Choanal polyps (CP) are benign mucous tumours that usually originate in the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, and hence are termed antrochoanal polyps. CP rarely originates in the mucosa of other nasal structures and paranasal sinuses. The purpose of this brief clinical communication is to present six cases of CP originating in the sphenoidal sinus and termed sphenochoanal polyps (SCP). Otolaryngology Department of the University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. Lessa Marcus M MM Voegels Richard L RL Pádua Francine F Wiikmann Christian C Romano Fabrizio R FR Butugan Ossamu O eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Endoscopy Female Humans Male Nasal Polyps diagnosis radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526251 12526250 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2005 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treating allergic rhinitis in the athlete. 211-4 Allergic rhinitis may affect athletes like any other member of society. It is a major problem for the atopic athlete. Either perennial or seasonal, it may cause problems with nasal function depending upon the type and quantity of allergen exposure. Moreover, exposure to irritants, chemicals and air pollutants may exacerbate allergic rhinitis. In this patient group, special diagnostic and particularly therapeutic considerations are warranted for the disease. Treatment of the athlete should be based on two important principles: no medication given should be on any list of doping products and no medication used should affect the athlete's performance. Antihistamines, topical cromolyn, and topical steroids may be used to control allergic rhinitis without violating 'anti-doping' regulations. Department of ORL, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey. nkeles@e-kolay.net Keleş Nesil N eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists IM Histamine H1 Antagonists therapeutic use Humans Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy therapy Sports 16 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526250 12526249 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Flextube reflectometry and pressure-recordings for level diagnosis in obstructive sleep apnoea. 203-10 The objective of this study was to compare sound reflections in a flexible tube (flextube reflectometry) with pressure-catheter recordings (ApneaGraph) for identifying the predominant obstructive level of the upper airway during sleep. Seventeen males with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) were included in the study. The mean (standard deviation = SD) number of flextube narrowings per hour recording was 50.2 (20.4) and the mean (SD) RDI (respiratory disturbance index = apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour recording) determined by the ApneaGraph was 45.7 (20.2). The mean difference (SD) between the number of flextube narrowings per hour recording and the RDIs determined by the ApneaGraph was not statistically significantly different from 0. There was no statistically significant correlation between the percentage of retropalatal narrowing of the total narrowing (retropalatal and retrolingual narrowing) measured by flextube reflectometry and the percentage of retropalatal ("upper") obstructive apnoeas and hypopnoeas of the total number ("upper", "intermediate" and "lower") measured by ApneaGraph (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.24, p = 0.36, N = 17). In conclusion diverging results were found in flextube reflectometry studies and pressure-recordings performed on different nights regarding the level distribution of obstructions during sleep. Possible explanations of this discrepancy are discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. c.e.faber@dadlnet.dk Faber C E CE Grymer L L Hilberg O O Norregaard O O eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Catheterization Equipment Design Humans Male Middle Aged Sleep Apnea, Obstructive diagnosis Transducers 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526249 12526248 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The treatment duration of acute maxillary sinusitis: how long should it be? A nasal smear controlled study. 198-202 The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate duration of treatment in acute maxillary sinusitis. The study was performed prospectively on 40 adult patients with acute maxillary sinusitis diagnosed by sinus puncture. Patients were randomized as to several treatment periods and treated by various antibiotics according to culture-sensitivity results. Patients in group 1 received treatment for 7 days; groups 2, 3, and 4 received 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. The patients were followed up with nasal smear findings on certain intervals during the 56-day follow-up period. Statistically significant differences were found beginning from the 21st day between group 1 and the other groups. However, there were no statistical differences among groups 2, 3 and 4. These findings show that the most appropriate duration of treatment in acute maxillary sinusitis should be at least 14 days according to nasal smear results. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yüzüncü Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey. ahkutluhan@hotmail.com Kutluhan Ahmet A Akdeniz Hayrettin H Kaya Zülküf Z Kiroglu Faruk F Kiris Muzaffer M Ugras Serdar S eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Adolescent Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage Humans Maxillary Sinusitis drug therapy pathology Middle Aged Specimen Handling 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526248 12526247 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Sino nasal assessment questionnaire, a patient focused, rhinosinusitis specific outcome measure. 195-7 It is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to be able to demonstrate the effectiveness of their interventions. We have developed a rhinosinusitis--specific outcome measure (SNAQ-11) that avoids the shortcomings of the existing tools. This paper compares its use with the widely used Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20). We carried out a prospective study that involved forty patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Their SNAQ-11 and SNOT-20 scores were compared pre and post operatively. We also recorded individual symptom scores pre and post operatively in order to study the impact of surgery. The study shows a larger change in the postoperative SNAQ score compared to that in SNOT-20 (21% c.f. 11%) Although the pre and post-op changes in SNOT-20 are significant at the p = 0.005 level, the changes in the SNAQ-11 are highly significant at the p = 0.0001 level. Furthermore we have statistically confirmed that the change seen with SNAQ-11 is larger in relation to the variation in change as compared with SNOT-20 (-1.08 c.f. -0.59). Our results show that SNAQ-11 is a valid and highly relevant rhinosinusitis outcome tool. The results also confirm that Endoscopic Sinus Surgery seems especially effective at addressing nasal obstruction, congestion and facial pain/pressure, fair at anterior nasal discharge, sneezing, hyposmia and sleep disturbance and poor for post nasal drip, cough and earache. Department of Otolaryngology, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, Surrey, UK. Fahmy F F FF McCombe A A Mckiernan D C DC eng Comparative Study Journal Article Validation Studies

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Outcome Assessment (Health Care) methods Patient-Centered Care standards Prospective Studies Questionnaires Rhinitis surgery Sinusitis surgery 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526247 12526246 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Healing results of prolonged acute frontal sinusitis treated with endoscopic sinus surgery. 189-94 In a marked part of patients suffering from acute frontal sinusitis, the symptoms do not resolve after initial therapy (antibiotics and/or trephination). The prolongation of the healing or recurrences may be caused by persistent inflammation or by structural abnormalities at the nasofrontal connection. During the last decade endoscopic surgery (FES) has become a very useful method to restore the frontonasal drainage although long term results of this kind of population are rare. We evaluated the results of endoscopic surgery in two patient groups (total number of 50) both operated after prolongation (persistent symptoms after 4 weeks) of the initial acute phase of the frontal sinusitis. The first group (A, 15 patients, first trephined) was followed-up 4 years, the number of recurrences after the first FES was 60% and in the other group (B, no initial trephination) with over 6 months follow-up, 91% of patients had recurrences. In group A pre- and postoperative CT-scanning was used to determine the possible anatomical variations that could be causing the failures. All but 3 patients showed some kind of abnormal anatomical variation. In group B only preoperative CT was done. In most cases the reasons for recurrences of frontal sinusitis were polyps and/or chronic inflammation at the ethmoidal region. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. Wide Kristina K Antila Jukka J Sipilä Jukka J Suonpää Jouko J Parkkola Riitta R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Endoscopy Female Frontal Sinusitis radiography surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Recurrence Reoperation Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526246 12526245 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The use of fibrin glue as hemostatic in endonasal operations: a prospective, randomized study. 185-8 Operations like septoplasty, rhinoplasty, nasal septal reconstruction and conchotomy may produce bleeding and postoperative hematoma. Two hundred four patients undergoing septoplasty and conchotomy operations were entered into a prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group I, septoplasty + conchotomy + nasal packing; Group II, septoplasty + conchotomy + fibrin glue; Group III, septoplasty + conchotomy + fibrin glue + transseptal suturing. To stop bleeding, we used the second generation surgical fibrin sealant Quixil and compared it with nasal packing. To increase protection against possible intraseptal hematoma we tried transseptal suturing at the end of a standard septoplasty operation. Our results show that the usage of the Quixil fibrin glue by aerosol spraying in endonasal operations is more effective and convenient than the usage of nasal packing. This combination of fibrin glue and the transseptal suturing substitutes the role of nasal packing in preventing postoperative intranasal hematoma. However, the transseptal suturing combined with the glue is not justified for the patients as no statistical difference was observed between Groups II and III in terms of occurrence of postoperative complications. Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Shteren20@hotmail.com Vaiman Michael M Eviatar Ephraim E Segal Samuel S eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Fibrin Tissue Adhesive 0 Hemostatics IM Adolescent Adult Female Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use Hemostatics therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Prospective Studies Suture Techniques 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526245 12526244 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2006 11 15

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Computer-aided image-guided endoscopic sinus surgery in unusual cases of sphenoid disease. 179-84 The vital neurovascular structures that border the sphenoid sinus make extensive sphenoid sinus surgery hazardous despite the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Computer-aided image-guided endoscopic sinus surgery (CAIGESS) has facilitated safer surgery by providing real-time analysis of complex, three-dimensional anatomic landmarks. We present 6 cases of atypical sphenoid disease, which greatly benefited from the unique superiority of CAIGESS in avoding surgical complications. Two cases of cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) leak with concomitant meningoencephalocele of the sphenoid sinus were successfully managed with this technique. An inverting papilloma originating from the sphenoid sinus was successfully exenterated using CAIGESS. One patient, who experienced a lateral-rectus muscle palsy from sphenoid sinusitis, underwent successful sinusotomy with CAIGESS. Another patient, who had refractory left-sided sphenoid sinusitis despite 2 ESS procedures, was found to have an obliquely oriented intersinus septum which misled the previous surgeons to enter mistakenly the contralateral sphenoid sinus. CAIGESS allowed accurate identification and removal of the intersinus septum and relief of the sinusitis. Finally, a sphenoid-sinus mucocele that developed after a prior pituitary surgery was safely decompressed with CAIGESS. This surgical approach offers a new and effective adjunct to ESS in selected revision or difficult sinus cases and has proven invaluable in complicated sphenoid cases where the surrounding neurovascular anatomy could otherwise be jeopardized. Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. Lam Samuel M SM Huang Clark C Newman Jason J Anand Vijay K VK eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea surgery Endoscopy methods Female Humans Male Meningomyelocele surgery Middle Aged Mucocele surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Sphenoid Sinus Surgery, Computer-Assisted instrumentation 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526244 12526243 2003 01 15 2003 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 40 4 2002 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Clinical factors influencing the eosinophil infiltration of nasal polyps. 173-8 Our study, based on a retrospective chart analysis, was aimed 1) to describe the varying degree of eosinophil infiltration in a series of 263 adult patients operated on diffuse and bilateral nasal polyposis (NPS) after failure of medical treatment, in 15 cystic fibrosis patients with bilateral nasal polyps, and in 31 patients with chronic sinusitis without polyps (18 bilateral, 13 unilateral) 2) to search for clinical factors that might influence the degree of eosinophil infiltration. Eosinophil infiltration was expressed semi-quantativity as a percentage of inflammatory cells. Our study confirms that eosinophil infiltration is a striking feature of nasal polyposis. All patients with chronic sinusitis showed less than 10% eosinophils (mean +/- SEM = 2 +/- 2%) whereas 88% of patients with NPS showed more than 10% eosinophils (50 +/- 2%). Cystic fibrosis lied in between with 40% of patients showing more than 10% eosinophils. In idiopathic bilateral NPS the number of eosinophils was increased in patients with asthma (58 +/- 3%) and even more in Widal's triad (75 +/- 4%). Atopic patients did not have more eosinophils (52 +/- 5%). Patients treated with systemic steroids within two months before surgery showed decreased eosinophil infiltration (22 +/- 3% vs 50 +/- 2 for treated versus untreated) whereas patients treated with topical steroids did not (47 +/- 2%). Thus, a link might exist between clinical presentation and eosinophil infiltration. Chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps are probably not the same disease. Eosinophils appear as a link between nasal polyps, asthma and aspirin intolerance. Atopic status does not modify eosinophil infiltration of nasal polyps. Systemic steroids appear significantly more effective to reduce the eosinophil infiltrate than topical steroids in our selected group of operated patients. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Henri Poincaré University, CHU-Central Hospital, Nancy, France. r.jankowski@chu-nancy.fr Jankowski R R Bouchoua F F Coffinet L L Vignaud J M JM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Eosinophils metabolism pathology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps chemistry metabolism pathology Retrospective Studies 2003 1 16 4 0 2003 4 16 5 0 2003 1 16 4 0 ppublish 12526243 11721512 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Post-adenoidectomy inflammatory pseudotumor. 176-9 Inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare pathology in the head and neck area. Multiple post-adenoidectomy complications have been described in the literature without alluding to such an entity. A case report of an inflammatory pseudotumor following an adenoidectomy. Pseudotumor of the nasopharynx should be added to the list of possible complications of adenoidectomy. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the nasopharynx is a rare complication that confronts the otolaryngologist and the pathologist with a diagnostic challenge. Surgical excision remains the best therapeutic option. Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, New York, USA. hb03@aub.edu.lb Hadi U U el-Bitar M M Zaatari G G eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoidectomy adverse effects Child, Preschool Female Granuloma, Plasma Cell etiology pathology radiography Humans Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms etiology pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721512 11721511 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Sinusitis and ischemic stroke. 173-5 Acute sinusitis is a prevalent and generally uncomplicated infection that is normally resolved by medical therapy. However, severe neurological complications are known, and comprise of cerebral abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and epidural or subdural empyema. We report a case about a 10-year-old girl with a severe acute pansinusitis and ischemic stroke in the right lentiform nucleus and the anterior part of the right internal capsule. Possible explanations for this rare combination are discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. per.rochat@dadlnet.dk Rochat P P von Buchwald C C Wagner A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Brain Ischemia etiology radiography Cerebral Infarction etiology radiography Child Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sinusitis complications Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721511 11721510 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal schwannoma: a case report and clinicopathologic analysis. 169-72 According to the literature, half of the schwannoma cases occur in the head and neck areas and only less than 4% occur in the sinonasal tract. In this case, a 39-year-old male patient, with a-year-long progressive left side nasal obstruction and purulent rhinorrhea, is presented. The CT reveals a mass filling the left nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal space, with bony erosion of the inferior turbinate and medial maxillary bone. During surgical intervention, the mass is found to originate from the medial side of the left middle turbinate with maxillary sinusitis and inferior turbinate atrophy. The pathological examination reveals a noncapsulated tumor with palisading cellular arrangement and high cellular density. The pathological findings and nervous origin of the tumor are discussed after an extensive review of the literature. Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Yang T L TL Hsu M C MC Liu C M CM eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Nasal Obstruction etiology Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms pathology radiography surgery Neurilemmoma pathology radiography surgery Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721510 11721509 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Subconjunctival ecchymosis due to rhinoplasty. 166-8 Orbital complications of rhinoplasty show a wide range from minor complications like periorbital edema and ecchymosis to severe complications like blindness. Also, subconjunctival ecchymosis is one of the orbital complications due to rhinoplasty. A prospective study was set out to assess the incidence and progression of subconjunctival ecchymosis and to find out mechanisms of this complication. The incidence of subconjunctival ecchymosis was found to be 19.1%. Typically it appeared unilaterally or bilaterally over the temporal subconjunctival area in the first two days after the operation. Complete resolution of subconjunctival ecchymosis took approximately 11 +/- 3 days. No other ocular symptoms were found. Subconjunctival ecchymosis only prolonged the recovery period of the patient from the rhinoplasty. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey. Kara C O CO Kara I G IG Yaylali V V eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Conjunctival Diseases etiology Ecchymosis etiology Female Humans Male Rhinoplasty adverse effects 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721509 11721508 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasomaxillary osteotomy in lesions of the central compartment of the middle cranial base. 160-5 The pituitary fossa, sphenoid rostrum, sphenoid sinus, nasopharynx, pterygopalatine fossa and clivus are the components of the central compartment of the middle cranial base. It is a surgical challenge to gain access to this region. This fact has led to the development of a number of surgical procedures reported in the literature. However, none of these techniques can provide a wide and direct exposure to the middle cranial fossa without morbidity on its own. In this report, nasomaxillary osteotomy is described as a satisfactory alternative to reach the middle cranial fossa. With the nasomaxillary osteotomy technique, a wide access can be obtained to the central compartment of the skull base, caudally till the inferior clivus and upper cervical vertebrae (C1, C2). Since bilateral, internal carotid arteries are in sight laterally, the technique provides a secure resection of tumors with marked lateral extensions. Repositioning the translocated bone segment, surrounding the apertura piriformis, results in satisfactory cosmesis postoperatively. The technique is discussed on the basis of eight cases with the histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (1 case), olfactory neuroblastoma (2 cases), chordoma (2 cases) and juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (3 cases). No vascular complication has been encountered. One chordoma patient died of the disease in the follow-up period. All other cases, including one squamous cell carcinoma patient, are alive and disease-free without cosmetic deformity. In conclusion, nasomaxillary osteotomy provides a wide and direct exposure to the central compartment of the skull base in a relatively short period of time, securing the vascular and neural structures. Besides, it offers the advantage that it can be combined with other techniques in extensive tumors, while cosmesis and nasal functions are preserved. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey. Karci B B Oner K K Günhan O O Ovül I I Bilgen C C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Angiofibroma surgery Carcinoma, Squamous Cell surgery Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms surgery Osteotomy methods Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Skull Base Neoplasms surgery 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721508 11721507 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal endoscopic surgical treatment of paranasal sinus inverted papilloma--first experiences. 156-9 Surgical excision is generally regarded as the treatment of choice for inverted papilloma. However, the approach and extent of surgery has been subject of much debate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of paranasal sinus inverted papilloma. Thirteen cases of inverted papilloma of the paranasal sinuses treated via endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated. The follow-up averaged from 9 months to 48 months with a mean of 27 months. A close follow-up of all patients was maintained. Seventy-seven per cent (10/13) of the patients had no recurrence after the initial endoscopic procedure. Three patients had recurrences of their tumor within 11 months after surgery, which means a rate of 23% (3/13). In 2 patients, the recurrences were treated endoscopically. In one patient, recurrence and malignant transformation (squamous cell carcinoma) developed after 36 months, which means that the associated carcinoma rate was 7% (1/13). This patient underwent radical maxillectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. None of the patients died of inverted papilloma. Endoscopic sinus surgery is a viable treatment alternative for paranasal sinus inverted papilloma in selected cases. This approach should be performed by experienced surgeons and a close follow-up is mandatory. When the disease is more extensive, it should be approached by radical surgery, e.g. en-bloc excision by medial maxillectomy via lateral rhinotomy or mid-facial degloving. Department of ORL, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. nkeles@e-kolay.net Keleş N N Değer K K eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Recurrence, Local surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Papilloma, Inverted surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Retrospective Studies 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721507 11721506 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery for orbital subperiosteal abscess secondary to sinusitis. 151-5 Subperiosteal orbital abscess (SPA) is a serious complication of paranasal sinusitis, which can lead to blindness or even death. A quick response is necessary as this condition is treatable. Early surgical intervention is indicated if there is risk of visual loss, or if no improvement is observed within 48 hours of starting medical therapy. Three patients with orbital SPA secondary to sinusitis treated successfully by Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) are presented in this case series. The surgical indications were impending visual loss with an abscess and cellulitis impinging on the optic nerve in one child and in the other two patients, a lack of clinical response within 48 hours after starting systemic antibiotic. CT scans, nasal endoscopy, and ophthalmologic examinations are mandatory during the evaluation process. The advantages of FESS in these patients were the avoidance of external ethmoidectomy and its external facial scar, an early drainage of the affected sinuses, SPA, and the eradication of the disease from the fronto-ethmoidal region leading to an enhanced recovery and a reduced hospital stay. FESS is also a safe, convenient and minimally invasive procedure in patients presenting with serious complications of sinusitis. Department of Surgery (ENT Division), Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. kamlesh@hotmail.com Bhargava D D Sankhla D D Ganesan A A Chand P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess etiology radiography surgery Adolescent Adult Child, Preschool Endoscopy Humans Male Orbital Diseases etiology radiography surgery Sinusitis complications radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721506 11721505 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Histopathological verification of clinical indications to partial inferior turbinectomy. 147-50 Surgical treatment in cases where disturbances of the nasal patency causes changes in the nasal inferior turbinates is controversial. The authors performed light- and electron microscopy and morphometric examinations of the mucous membrane of the nasal inferior turbinates obtained after partial inferior turbinectomy in patients with vasomotor and perennial allergic rhinitis and compensation hypertrophy of the nasal inferior turbinate accompanied by nasal deviation of the septum. In specimens obtained from patients with vasomotor rhinitis, a small number of glands and fibrosis of the lamina propria was observed. In specimens obtained from perennial allergic rhinitis patients, plenty of glands and large oedema was observed. In the group with compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate, normal glands and fibred areas around the vessels were observed. The largest histopathological changes of degeneration and hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa were observed in vasomotor rhinitis patients. Histopathological examination of nasal mucosa slides confirmed the usefulness of a partial inferior turbinectomy, but only in vasomotor rhinitis patients. Department of Otolaryngology, Military Medical Academy, Lodz, Poland. orlwam@achilles.wam.lodz.pl Schmidt J J Zalewski P P Olszewski J J Olszewska-Ziaber A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Humans Hypertrophy Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Nose Deformities, Acquired pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial pathology surgery Rhinitis, Vasomotor pathology surgery Turbinates pathology surgery 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721505 11721504 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effects of leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in a real life rhinology clinic setting. 142-6 Although there is evidence from randomised controlled trials that leukotriene receptor antagonists are efficacious in chronic rhinosinusitis there are still little data on their use in everyday real life clinical practice. We report on a pragmatic case series of 32 patients referred from primary care with uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis (allergic or non-allergic) who have been treated with montelukast in our joint medical/surgical rhinology clinic. Patients' symptoms were scored according to "facial pain", "headache", "nasal blockage", "nasal discharge", "sense of smell" and "daily activity", and measurements of peak inspiratory nasal flow were made, before and after the introduction of montelukast 10 mg/day. There were significant (p < 0.05) improvements in subjective scoring for headache, nasal discharge & blockage, sense of smell and daily activity but not for facial pain, when montelukast was added along with other alterations in chronic rhinosinusitis medication (all receiving intra-nasal corticosteroids). Subgroup analysis of 10 patients, were the addition of montelukast was the only change to medical therapy, showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in headache, nasal discharge and blockage and their daily activity. There was no significant improvements in nasal peak inspiratory flow or spirometry. In conclusion, montelukast may be a useful therapeutic option in addition to standard therapy (i.e. intra-nasal corticosteroids or anti-histamines) when treating patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in a real life clinical setting. Asthma & Allergy Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK. Wilson A M AM White P S PS Gardiner Q Q Nassif R R Lipworth B J BJ eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Acetates 0 Leukotriene Antagonists 0 Quinolines 158966-92-8 montelukast IM Acetates therapeutic use Chronic Disease Humans Leukotriene Antagonists therapeutic use Quinolines therapeutic use Rhinitis drug therapy physiopathology Sinusitis drug therapy physiopathology Spirometry 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721504 11721503 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The occurrence of sinusitis in HIV-infected patients with fever. 136-41 Sinusitis is commonly occurring in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus I (HIV), but the occurrence and etiology have not been established. The purpose of this study was prospectively to determine the occurrence, site and type of paranasal sinus abnormalities seen on MRI in HIV-infected patients with fever, to relate the abnormalities to clinical and immunological parameters, and to determine the microbiological agents found in the sinus aspirates. MRI was performed in 54 HIV-infected patients with 70 evaluable episodes of fever. Patients receiving antibiotics were excluded. Bactrim was permitted, when given as prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. If abnormalities were found on MRI, sinus aspiration was performed and the aspirate investigated. MRI abnormalities were found in 54.3% of the patients with a significantly higher occurrence of pathological changes in AIDS patients compared with HIV-infected without AIDS. In approximately 2/3 of the aspirates a probable, etiologic agent was found. However, 1/3 of these agents were atypical such as cytomegalovirus and mycobacteriae; in one patient Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found. The high occurrence of sinusitis in HIV-infected patients and the atypical findings in the sinus aspirates stress the importance of searching for sinusitis and the etiology to ensure the correct treatment. Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. britta.tarp@dadlnet.dk Tarp B B Fiirgaard B B Møller J J Hilberg O O Christensen T T Møller J J Black F F eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology Adult Comorbidity Denmark epidemiology Female Fever epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sinusitis epidemiology 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721503 11721502 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profile of patients with chronic sinusitis. 133-5 Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the general population. We investigated the personality traits of non-psychiatric patients in chronic sinusitis and non-sinusitis groups. In this study we evaluated 25 patients with chronic sinusitis and 25 subjects as a control group. In the analysis of the psychiatric status, MMPI profiles were used. We found that the depression and social introversion subscales were higher in males, whereas the hypochondriasis and social introversion subscales were higher in females with chronic sinusitis. It is concluded that the psychological functions of the patients with chronic sinusitis are poorer than in the non-sinusitis group. ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Ankara, Turkey. Bayar N N Oguztürk O O Kazkayasi M M Koç M C MC eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chronic Disease Female Humans MMPI Male Middle Aged Sinusitis psychology 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721502 11721501 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Radiologic anatomy of the sphenoid sinus for intranasal surgery. 128-32 Endoscopic surgery of the sphenoid sinus can present the operator with a considerable challenge. The relationship of the sphenoid sinuses, in particular on the lateral wall, to the carotid artery, optic nerve, as well as the other anatomic structures, is of utmost importance. Surgical complications can occur because of a lack of orientation during dissection. To avoid the complications or lessen, somehow, the rate of complications, some described the technique consisting of the opening of the sphenoid sinus ostium medially. We studied 69 axial high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of temporal bones to reveal the relationship of sphenoid sinus to the vital structures and to get some measurements in the sphenoid sinus. The lateral distance from the sphenoid ostium revealed that the lateral distance was about the distance between both ostea. We consider that in selected cases the dissection might be carried out laterally from the sphenoid ostium for safe enlargement of the ostium and approaching the sinus. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Celal Bayar University Medical School, Manisa, Turkey. Mutlu C C Unlu H H HH Goktan C C Tarhan S S Egrilmez M M eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology radiography surgery Temporal Bone anatomy & histology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721501 11721500 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2007 11 15

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effectiveness of guidelines in reducing inappropriate CT scans of the paranasal sinuses. 125-7 An effective system for scoring pathological changes on CT scans of the paranasal sinuses has been developed by Lund & Mackay. We have performed an audit using 100 outpatients with nasal symptoms and found that adherence to guidelines prior to ordering CT scans of the paranasal sinuses correlates with an increased average Lund & Mackay score. Using these guidelines has also reduced the number of inappropriate CT scan requests. Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Lewisham, Lewisham High Street, Lewisham, London SE13 6LH, United Kingdom. Worley G A GA Kotnis R R Jacomb-Hood J J Salama N N eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Paranasal Sinus Diseases classification radiography Practice Guidelines as Topic Tomography, X-Ray Computed utilization 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721500 11721499 2001 11 27 2002 02 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 3 2001 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of the development of the sphenoid sinus: a review of 800 patients. 121-4 Accurate knowledge of age-related development and pneumatisation of the paranasal sinuses has become an important issue in diagnosing paranasal sinus diseases in infants and young adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to assess bone marrow conversion and pneumatisation of the paranasal sinuses. We retrospectively reviewed 800 children aged 0-14 years undergoing brain MRI for various indications. T1-weighted sagittal and T2-weighted axial scans were evaluated for bone marrow conversion and development of pneumatisation of the sphenoid sinus. The sphenoid sinus had a uniformly low signal intensity on T1-weighted images in all children less than four months old. Signal intensity began to change to hyperintense marrow at the age of four months. Onset of pneumatisation was observed in 19% at the age of 12-15 months. Pneumatisation was complete in all patients older than 10 years. In conclusion, these data can be used as baseline standards of normal age-related development of the sphenoid sinus and can be of great value for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of pathologic conditions of the child's sphenoid sinus and its surrounds. Department of Radiology, Karl Franzens Medical School, University Hospital Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria. Reittner P P Doerfler O O Goritschnig T T Tillich M M Koele W W Stammberger H H Szolar D H DH eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Bone Marrow anatomy & histology Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Retrospective Studies Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology 2001 11 28 10 0 2002 2 15 10 1 2001 11 28 10 0 ppublish 11721499 11340701 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of common cold. 9-12 Sinusitis is usually considered a complication of viral rhinitis. Virus infections in the upper respiratory tract lead to mucosal swelling, which may obstruct paranasal sinus outflow, resulting in infection in the paranasal sinuses. Topical nasal steroids have been found beneficial in a variety of acute and chronic nasal conditions including allergic and nonallergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the intranasal inhalation powder beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 400 micrograms/day treatment has a beneficial or harmful effect on symptoms and signs of common cold, and whether or not it can prevent common cold complications. A total of 54 patients were randomized, 26 into the placebo-group and 28 into the BDP group. During the 14-day follow-up, there were on an average 10.3 symptomatic days in the placebo group and 10.7 days in the BDP group (p = 0.72). The use of intranasal BDP in the treatment of common cold neither reduced symptoms caused by inflammation nor did it shorten the recovery time. On the other hand, because BDP does not increase the risk of complications or significantly prolong the recovery during the common cold, there is no need to discontinue its use in the patients with allergic rhinitis or nasal polyposis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital of Central Finland Jyväskylä, Finland. yrjo.qvarnberg@ksshp.fi Qvarnberg Y Y Valtonen H H Laurikainen K K eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Common Cold drug therapy Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pilot Projects Treatment Outcome 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340701 11340700 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Pleomorphic adenoma of the nose. 55-7 Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent tumor of the major salivary glands. It is rarely located in the lacrymal glands and is unusual in the nasal cavity. A rare case of a pleomorphic adenoma of the nose is presented along with a review of the literature. The use of nasal endoscopy in removing tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses is discussed. E.N.T. Department of Athens University, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece. jyiot@otenet.gr Yiotakis I I Dinopoulou D D Ferekidis E E Manolopoulos L L Adamopoulos G G eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoma, Pleomorphic diagnosis surgery Adult Diagnosis, Differential Endoscopy Female Humans Nose Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340700 11340699 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the sphenoid sinus: a case report. 52-4 The presentation of a neuroendocrine carcinoma in the paranasal sinuses is extremely rare. Until now only 25 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with an atypical carcinoid of the sphenoid sinus which seemed to be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on an atypical carcinoid in the sphenoid sinus. gj.westerveld@azvu.nl Westerveld G J GJ van Diest P J PJ van Nieuwkerk E B EB eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine pathology surgery Diagnosis, Differential Humans Immunohistochemistry Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 pathology Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology surgery Sphenoid Sinus pathology surgery 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340699 11340698 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The hinged-door composite septal flap as structural support and lining of nasal reconstruction by a forehead flap. 5-8 In this paper we describe four patients who underwent extensive nasal surgery for carcinoma in the nasal vestibule. Two patients underwent salvage surgery after radiotherapy, whereas the other two patients were treated with primary surgery. In all cases the nasal defect was reconstructed using a composite hinged-door septal flap for structural support and internal lining combined with a paramedian forehead flap which supplied the skin coverage. All patients had a pleasing aesthetic and good functional result. The combination of a paramedian forehead flap with a composite hinged-door septal flap is an excellent reconstruction procedure for defects of the lateral nasal wall and alar region. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. gj.westerveld@azvu.nl Westerveld G J GJ Middelweerd R J RJ Leemans C R CR eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Forehead Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum transplantation Nose Neoplasms surgery Rhinoplasty methods Surgical Flaps Treatment Outcome 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340698 11340697 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Radiological difficulties in the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid sinus and the cranial base. 49-51 Fibrous dysplasia is a benign disorder of bone. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid sinus and the cranial base. The presentation and management of this rare condition are discussed highlighting the potential for misdiagnosis with MRI. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom. Khalil H S HS Toynton S S Steventon N N Adams W W Gibson J J eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biopsy Diagnosis, Differential Female Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone diagnosis Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Skull Base pathology Sphenoid Sinus pathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340697 11340696 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Primary nasal tuberculosis. 47-8 We present a case of a patient with primary nasal tuberculosis. Although this is a rare finding, it should be considered when a patient presents with a nasal obstruction. Smears for acid fast bacilli and cultures tend to be negative in nasal tuberculosis. Diagnosis is often based on histo- pathologic findings. Nasal TB is known to respond well to the regular treatment for (pulmonary) tuberculosis. Dept. of Pulmonology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, The Netherlands. Hup A K AK Haitjema T T de Kuijper G G eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antitubercular Agents IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Nasal Obstruction etiology Nose Diseases complications diagnosis drug therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed Tuberculosis complications diagnosis drug therapy 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340696 11340695 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Reduction of nasal fractures under local anaesthetic. 43-6 Forty five patients with fractured nasal bones underwent nasal fracture reduction under local anaesthetic. Patients used linear analog scores to assess pain associated with the procedure and satisfaction with the reduction. The surgeon also recorded his assessment of the reduction. The patients were reviewed two weeks later and the outcome scores repeated. The procedure was well tolerated and forty three patients (95.5%) stated they would undergo the same procedure again if they fractured their nose in the future. Fifteen patients (33.3%) had significant persistent nasal deformities and were listed for septorhinoplasty. The results of nasal fracture reduction under localanaesthetic are comparable to those obtained under general anaesthetic. The factors that may contribute to poor outcomes following reduction of nasal fractures are discussed. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, United Kingdom. Green K M KM eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Anesthesia, Local methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Bone injuries surgery Patient Acceptance of Health Care Skull Fractures surgery Treatment Outcome 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340695 11340694 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2010 11 18

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Ultrasound and antral lavage in the examination of maxillary sinuses. 39-42 Two hundred and ninety maxillary sinuses in 206 patients, suspected of having acute or prolonged maxillary sinusitis, were examined using ultrasound (US) and then irrigated with isotonic saline. The results of the antral lavage and the US were compared and various US recording variables were analyzed. The sensitivity of US examination to find maxillary sinus secretion was 77% and the specificity 49%. The distance from the initial echo to the back wall echo (BWE) and the ratio of the echo-free area to the distance from the initial echo to the BWE were sensitive indicators of the presence of maxillary sinus secretion. The results suggest that US is a relatively sensitive method also in the diagnosis of prolonged maxillary sinus inflammations. However, its low specificity weakens its value in clinical work. The usability of US in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis can be increased by intermittently controlling US findings by sinus puncture. This is of particular importance for general practitioners, but also for specialists. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. jorma.haapaniemi@kaarina.fi Haapaniemi J J Laurikainen E E eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Isotonic Solutions 7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Female Humans Isotonic Solutions administration & dosage Male Maxillary Sinusitis diagnosis ultrasonography Middle Aged Sensitivity and Specificity Sodium Chloride administration & dosage Statistics, Nonparametric Therapeutic Irrigation methods 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340694 11340693 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Therapy of invasive mucoceles of the frontal sinus. 33-8 Mucoceles of the frontal sinus that extend into the orbits and the anterior cranial fossa can, in certain cases, be difficult to manage therapeutically and may lead to lethal complications. The surgeon will have to make a decision between an endonasal and an extranasal, transfacial procedure to provide an adequate access. Between 1995 and 1998 we treated 12 patients suffering from invasive mucoceles of the frontal sinus. The mucocele was localized medially in 7 cases and in the lateral part of the frontal sinus in 5 cases. Five of the patients exhibited destruction of the orbital roof and in 7 cases combined destruction of the orbital roof and the floor of the frontal sinus were noted. The posterior wall of the frontal sinus was destructed in 6 patients, with one patient additionally showing partial destruction of the anterior frontal sinus wall. The causes of mucocele formation were previous frontal sinus operations (n = 8) and frontal sinus fractures (n = 3). In one case the cause remained unknown. In 7 cases with a medially localized mucocele the mucocele was marsupialized using an endonasal access. The mucoceles with a lateral localization were osteoplastically operated via an external access. Here we performed median drainage in 3 cases and, in one case each, obliteration and cranialization of the frontal sinus. The follow-up period was 2.8 years on average. All patients were free of complaints immediately after the operation. Mucocele recurrence or other complications did not arise. The cosmetic results were satisfactory in all cases. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany. Constantinidis J J Steinhart H H Schwerdtfeger K K Zenk J J Iro H H eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Frontal Sinus Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Mucocele diagnosis surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340693 11340692 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2008 11 21

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal and transcanalicular Er:YAG laser dacryocystorhinostomy. 28-32 In the last 10 years different types of lasers were used for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Between April 1998 and August 1999, a fibreoptic erbium laser DCR was performed on 12 patients. Eight cases were for a presaccal stenosis and 4 cases for a postsaccal stenosis. An erbium laser with a specially designed handpiece was used endonasaly and transcanaliculary. Preoperative epiphora was present in all patients. Double bicanalicular nasal silicone tubes were placed during surgery in all cases. The 3 cases of postoperative failure included 2 cases of presaccal stenosis and 1 case of the postsaccal group; failure manifested with recurrent epiphora/dacryocystitis; the onset of symptom recurrence varied from 9 weeks to 11 weeks postoperatively. Laser-assisted DCR includes the avoidance of a cutaneous incision, excessive tissue injury, the advantage of short operation time and precision. Suitable indications for the erbium laser are stenoses in the canaliculi, in the sac, but also for bone lacrimal bone cutting. University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland. marco.caversaccio@insel.ch Caversaccio M M Frenz M M Schär P P Häusler R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Dacryocystorhinostomy instrumentation Female Fiber Optic Technology Humans Laser Therapy methods Male Middle Aged Recurrence Treatment Outcome 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340692 11340691 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Accuracy of acoustic rhinometry. 23-7 The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of acoustic rhinometry (AR) (Rhin2100, Rhinometrics, Lynge, Denmark) to accurately determine the dimensions (cross-sectional areas and volumes) of the curved and complex slit-like geometry of the nasal airway. A plastic model representing the replicate of a decongested nasal airway was produced by stereolithographic techniques from a 3-D MRI-scan. The exact dimensions of this model was determined from a high resolution CT-scan. Dimensions perpendicular to the curved course of the acoustic pathway were compared with dimensions inferred from parallel sections. The impact of sound loss to the paranasal sinuses and the ability to detect posterior volume changes was tested in the same model. The error in volume determination was < 14% for the MCA and < 8% for the volumes, whereas the error reached 52% for dimensions calculated from parallel sections in the coronal plane. The influence of the simulated maxillary sinuses depend primarily on the size of the ostia and may represent an important source of error for posterior measurements, in particular after decongestion. The accuracy of acoustically derived dimensions of the 3-D model depend on the orientation of the planes used to calculate the dimensions of the model. Volume estimates based on the smallest cross-sectional areas in points along the acoustic pathway correlate well with acoustically derived volumes, whereas single cross-sectional areas are more susceptible to error. Sound leakage to patent sinus ostia reduce the accuracy of posterior measurements. Department of Otolaryngology, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. p.g.djupesland@ioks.uio.no Djupesland P G PG Røtnes J S JS eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Models, Anatomic Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Reproducibility of Results Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340691 11340690 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Local safety of intranasal triamcinolone acetonide: clinical and histological aspects of nasal mucosa in the long-term treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. 17-22 Intranasal corticosteroids are increasingly used to treat allergic rhinitis and their long-term use is generally safe. However, the long-term safety of each molecule should be assessed. The main aim of this multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study was to evaluate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous intranasal spray on nasal mucosal thickness, macroscopic appearance, and mucociliary function. Patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with triamcinolone acetonide 220 micrograms/day for six months. Nasal biopsies taken before and after treatment were compared with biopsies from patients who had been randomized to oral cetirizine 10 mg day or intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate 400 micrograms/day. In the evaluable population (n = 70), there were no significant differences between groups in terms of histologically evaluated thickness and endoscopically evaluated macroscopic appearance of the nasal mucosa, or indigocarmine saccharine test mucociliary function. In the intent-to-treat population (n = 92), there was no difference between treatment groups in the incidence of overall adverse events. This study indicates that sustained treatment with intranasal triamcinolone acetonide does not lead to atrophy of the nasal mucosa or impairment of mucociliary function. Hôpital Jean Bernard La Mileterie, Poitiers, France. Klossek J M JM Laliberté F F Laliberté M F MF Mounedji N N Bousquet J J eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 76-25-5 Triamcinolone Acetonide IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aged Analysis of Variance Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Atrophy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance drug effects Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Prospective Studies Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome Triamcinolone Acetonide therapeutic use 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340690 11340689 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The effect of intranasal budesonide spray on mucosal blood flow measured with laser Doppler flowmetry. 13-6 Recent reports have shown that, although rare, findings of mucosal ulcers and perforations of the nasal septum in some cases may be associated with the use of topical nasal glucocorticosteroids (GCS). It can been speculated that, a reduction in septal mucosal blood flow causing ischemia may eventually induce septal perforations. To evaluate whether a single dose of a potent nasal GCS given in a clinically recommended dose may acutely reduce the mucosal blood flow on the nasal septum. Six healthy subjects received in a randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover procedure one dose of 64 micrograms budesonide aqueous nasal spray (Rhinocort aqua, AstraZeneca R&D, Lund, Sweden) and placebo. One dose was delivered into each nasal cavity by means of a pump spray. As a positive control 140 micrograms of xylometazoline (Nezeril, AstraZeneca R&D, Lund, Sweden) was sprayed in the same way, but in an open fashion. A wash-out period of at least 3 days followed each session. Blood flow was measured on the nasal septum with Laser Doppler flowmetry up to 20 min after administration. Budesonide did not affect the nasal septal mucosal blood flow as compared to placebo, but xylometazoline reduced the septal mucosal blood flow by 60.9 +/- 7.1% measured from baseline values. A single dose of intranasal budesonide aqueous nasal spray has no acute effects on nasal septal mucosal blood flow. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lund, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Cervin A A Akerlund A A Greiff L L Andersson M M eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 51333-22-3 Budesonide 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Analysis of Variance Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology Budesonide pharmacology Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Female Glucocorticoids Humans Imidazoles pharmacology Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Male Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Nasal Mucosa blood supply Nasal Septum blood supply Regional Blood Flow drug effects 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340689 11340688 2001 05 08 2001 09 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 1 2001 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Anterior skull base trauma during endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyposis preferred sites for iatrogenic injuries. 1-4 To determine typical locations for traumatic lesions of the anterior skull base during endoscopic sinus surgery. In this retrospective study 12 patients were included who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyposis and were referred to the author for revision surgery after iatrogenic trauma of the anterior skull base during the procedure. Each patient had been operated by a different surgeon, all of the physicians being in an advanced stage of their surgical career and being board certified otolaryngologists. During endoscopically controlled revision surgery, all lesions could be detected, 10 of them being located in the ethmoid roof, while one injury had occurred in the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate and another one in the olfactory groove between the medial turbinate and the nasal septum. In contrast to reports in the literature, the preferred site for anterior skull base injuries during endoscopic sinus surgery in our group was not the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate, but the anterior part of the ethmoid roof, just behind the frontal recess. Apparently the course of the ethmoid roof might be misinterpreted during sinus surgery even by surgeons who are familiar with the operative technique. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. grevers@gmx.de Grevers G G eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy adverse effects Humans Iatrogenic Disease Nasal Polyps surgery Retrospective Studies Skull Base injuries radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2001 5 9 10 0 2001 9 28 10 1 2001 5 9 10 0 ppublish 11340688 11486447 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Herpesvirus type 1-8 in sinus aspirates from HIV-infected patients and immunocompetent individuals. 98-102 Sinusitis is frequently occurring in HIV-infected patients, but in a substantial number of cases the etiology is unknown. The purpose of this study was by PCR 1) to determine the prevalence of the eight human herpesviruses in sinus aspirates from 24 HIV-positive/AIDS patients with sinusitis 2) to relate the presence of herpesvirus DNA to clinical and immunological parameters and 3) to compare the prevalence of herpesvirus DNA in sinus aspirates from HIV-infected patients with the prevalence observed in 50 immunocompetent patients with sinusitis. DNA from HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-8 was detected in 8 (33%) of the sinus aspirates from HIV-infected patients. In the immunocompetent patients, one of the herpesviruses, HHV-6, was found in one sinus aspirate. These data indicate that herpesviruses are frequently found in sinus aspirates from HIV-infected patients with sinusitis, whereas they do not seem to be related to clinical signs of sinusitis in immunocompetent individuals. The cause of these discrepancies may be due to uncontrolled reactivation of herpesviruses, which is known to occur in immunocompromised individuals. It remains to be established whether the herpesviruses play a pathogenic role in the development of sinusitis in HIV-infected patients. Department of Infectious Diseases, Marselisborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. tarp@aaa.dk Tarp B B Kelsen J J Nielsen L P LP Vinther B B Obel N N eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 DNA, Viral IM Adult Aged DNA, Viral analysis Female HIV Infections complications immunology virology Humans Immunocompetence Immunocompromised Host Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinuses secretion virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies Simplexvirus isolation & purification Sinusitis complications immunology virology 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486447 11486446 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of the importance of head and probe stabilisation in acoustic rhinometry. 93-7 As yet there is no established procedure to ensure the repeatability of acoustic rhinometry measurements although anecdotal evidence suggests that instrument fixation improves repeatability. The aim of this study is to validate the methodology of acoustic rhinometry and determine whether instrument fixation and head stabilisation is necessary. Four methods were compared in fifteen healthy volunteers, after nasal decongestion: A) Patient holding the probe (patient-held), B) Probe fixed in a probe stand (probe-stand), C) Probe fixed in stand and head stabilised in head rest (head-rest), D) Examiner holding the probe (examiner-performed). The two minimum cross-sectional areas and volume between 0 and 5 cm were recorded. The examiner-performed and probe-stand methods were consistently less variable than the other methods. With examiner-performed method, this was significant (p < 0.05) versus head-rest and patient-held methods for both measures of minimum cross-sectional area. For nasal volume the examiner-performed method was significantly (p < 0.05) less variable than the head-rest method. In conclusion, examiner-performed acoustic rhinometry is more repeatable than combined head stabilisation and instrument fixation and therefore the use of a head-rest may be unnecessary. Instrument fixation or examiner performed test is also preferable to allowing the patient to position the probe. The repeatability of the probe-stand method was similar to the examiner-performed method. Asthma & Allergy Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK. Wilson A M AM Fowler S J SJ Martin S W SW White P S PS Gardiner Q Q Lipworth B J BJ eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Head physiology Humans Immobilization Male Reproducibility of Results Rhinometry, Acoustic instrumentation methods Statistics, Nonparametric 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486446 11486445 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Basic fibroblast growth factor in nasal polyps immunohistochemical and quantitative findings. 88-92 Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a mediator with potent mitogenic properties. Increased amounts of this mediator have been demonstrated in damaged lung tissue, and it has been suggested to increase the healing of gastro-duodenal ulcers. In order to quantify the amounts and document the localization of bFGF in nasal polyps, polyp tissue from 12 patients undergoing polypectomy was analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Mucosa from the inferior turbinate was analyzed in the same manner for comparison. The amount of bFGF detected in polyp tissue was significantly higher than that in turbinate mucosa. The amount of bFGF was also significantly higher in the group of patients with high degree of inflammation. The immunohistochemical findings demonstrated abundant bFGF activity mainly in the glandular acini, in the epithelium, in infiltrating inflammatory cells and in the vessel walls. We propose that bFGF may contribute in a significant way to the formation of nasal polyps. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. iipo@ent.ks.se Norlander T T Westermark A A van Setten G G Valtonen H H Ishizaki H H Pyykkö I I eng Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 62031-54-3 Fibroblast Growth Factors IM Aged Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fibroblast Growth Factors analysis Humans Inflammation metabolism pathology Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa chemistry Nasal Polyps chemistry pathology 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486445 11486444 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2007 11 14

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effect of nasal dilators on nasal structures, sniffing strategies, and olfactory ability. 84-7 This paper describes the effects that nasal dilators have on olfactory ability. Experimental results demonstrate that nasal dilators increase odorant identification, lower odorant threshold, and increase perceptual odorant intensity. In other experiments, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data demonstrates that the size of the nasal cavity especially around the region of the nasal valve is increased when nasal dilators are worn. Additionally, pneumotachograph data demonstrates that during a sniff, the peak flow, maximum flow rate, volume, and duration are all increased when nasal dilators are worn. Taken together, the increase in olfactory ability can most easily be explained by an increase in both the amount and the proportion of inspired odorant molecules that are directed to the olfactory mucosa and are, therefore, available for odorant perception. Biology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA. Hornung D E DE Smith D J DJ Kurtz D B DB White T T Leopold D A DA eng NIDCD P01 DC00220 DC NIDCD NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Dilatation methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose anatomy & histology physiology Odors Perception physiology Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486444 11486443 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effect of nasal dilators on pleasantness, intensity and sampling behaviors of foods in the oral cavity. 80-3 The present study assessed the effect of nasal dilators on ratings of food intensity and pleasantness. Participants wearing the dilators rated foods in the oral cavity as less pleasant and more intense than did those participants wearing a placebo strip. In addition, they consumed less of the test stimuli. Significant interactions were noted between food stimuli and placebo vs. nasal dilator strip conditions, indicating certain food qualities, particularly initial pleasantness, combine to produce enhanced changes in perception. Changes in the intensity and pleasantness of foods was most pronounced in foods characterized as initially pleasant. A review of studies to date indicate that both foods and odors are perceived as more intense and less pleasant during nasal dilation, suggesting an impact of the dilators on both retronasal and orthonasal air flow. Department of Psychology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003, USA. raudenbc@wju.edu Raudenbush B B Meyer B B eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Analysis of Variance Dilatation methods Food Humans Odors Paranasal Sinuses physiology Perception physiology Smell physiology Taste physiology 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486443 11486442 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Topical corticosteroids in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray. 75-9 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a recalcitrant inflammatory process which has a marked detrimental impact on quality of life. At the present there is no cure for this condition, measures are taken to stop progression, and provide symptomatic relief. Topical corticosteroids are commonly prescribed in the management of CRS, but few trials show effectiveness in clinical settings. We set up a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to study the effectiveness of a topical corticosteroid agent--fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) in patients with CRS. We measured symptoms, diary card, and rigid endoscopy scores, acoustic rhinometry, middle meatal swabs, blood tests--CRP, ESR, WBC, and eosinophil count. Measurements were done at the start of the trial, at 8 weeks, and 16 weeks where possible. Twenty-two patients completed the trial, 9 received FPANS, and 13 had placebo. There was no difference between the 2 groups on all counts. When patients were considered as one group, there was an improvement in the diary card scores (p = 0.054), comparing baseline to 8 or 16 weeks. There was no evidence that the regular use of topical corticosteroid increased the risk of developing an infection. An important observation was that the topical corticosteroid did not precipitate acute sinusitis. There is compelling evidence that topical corticosteroids down-regulate cytokine expression, and it is likely that a larger, and longer multi-centre trial may prove their efficacy in CRS. Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital, London, UK. Parikh A A Scadding G K GK Darby Y Y Baker R C RC eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Placebos 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Androstadienes administration & dosage Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Chronic Disease Double-Blind Method Female Glucocorticoids Humans Male Placebos Rhinitis drug therapy Sinusitis drug therapy Statistics, Nonparametric 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486442 11486441 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic optic nerve decompression for the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy. 71-4 Optic nerve decompression has been accomplished by a variety of procedures. Since 1995, endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) has been used to treat traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) patients in our hospital after medical treatment failed. To date, 17 TON patients have received EOND in our hospital and have been followed up for more than half a year. After decompression, vision improved in 9 patients, remained the same in 6, and became worse in 2. The dura was incidentally exposed during the operation in 1 patient. We conclude that it is easier and more precise to perform optic nerve decompression by EOND than by other optic nerve decompression procedures. However, its efficacy still needs further investigation. Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China. rsjiang@vghtc.vghtc.tw.gov Jiang R S RS Hsu C Y CY Shen B H BH eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Decompression, Surgical methods Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Optic Nerve Injuries complications surgery Video-Assisted Surgery methods Vision Disorders etiology surgery 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486441 11486440 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The role of endonasal surgery in the management of frontoethmoidal osteomas. 66-70 Recently endonasal surgery has been considered to be a valuable contribution in the management of paranasal sinus osteoma. A retrospective evaluation study of 34 frontoethmoidal osteomas (23 frontal and 11 ethmoidal osteomas) treated at a tertiary care facility from 1990 to 1999 is presented. Twenty three osteomas (68%) were resected endonasally. Eleven osteomas (32%) were removed using an osteoplastic frontal sinus approach with coronal incision. In 5 cases of huge osteomas originating at the anterior frontal sinus wall, reconstruction of the resected anterior-frontal sinus wall was achieved by autologous outer table grafts harvested from the parietal region. Endoscopic and radiological follow-up ranging from 1 to 32 months showed three incomplete endonasal osteoma resections. Complete osteoma removal was achieved via endonasal revision surgery in two of these cases, while the third small residual osteoma remains under observation. There was no case of osteoplastic osteoma removal where incomplete osteoma resection became obvious during follow-up. Ethmoidal osteomas without extrasinusal extension can be resected endonasally. The endonasal approach should be considered also for frontal sinus osteomas if (1) sufficient frontal sinus access can be achieved endonasally, (2) the osteoma is placed medially to a virtual sagittal plane through the lamina papyracea, and (3) the tumour base is at the inferior part of the posterior frontal sinus wall. We favour the osteoplastic frontal sinus approach with coronal incision if an external approach is required to achieve tumour resection with the best aesthetic results. Department of Ear-, Nose- and Throat Diseases, Head-, Neck- and Facial Plastic Surgery, Communication Disorders, Klinikum Fulda, Germany. hnobsch@med-rz.uni-saarland.de Schick B B Steigerwald C C el Rahman el Tahan A A Draf W W eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Ethmoid Bone pathology surgery Female Frontal Bone pathology surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoma surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Paranasal Sinuses pathology surgery Retrospective Studies Skull Neoplasms surgery 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486440 11486439 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2007 11 15

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatment. Semantics or clinical reality. 61-5 In recent years there has been a tremendous development in molecular biology and with that an improved understanding of the immunological and inflammatory background for rhinitis. However, this progress has not yet had any influence on diagnosis or choice of treatment. Today it is emphasized that allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease. However, the majority of allergic rhinitis symptoms are caused by histamine, which can be released from a non-inflamed mucous membrane. Thus, the role of inflammation may be overestimated as a cause of rhinitis symptoms. It is often claimed that the 2nd generation antihistamines have non-H1 mediated anti-inflammatory effects of clinical significance. However, the large majority of published clinical data speaks against this hypothesis. Corticosteroids do not, as often believed have a general anti-inflammatory effect in the nose. They are highly effective in a disease associated with eosinophil-dominated inflammation (e.g. allergic rhinitis), but not in a disease associated with neutrophil-dominated inflammation (e.g. the common cold). It is recommended that drugs are used merely based on a thorough cost-risk-benefit-patient-compliance analysis in the single patient and disease entity with little attention being paid to the assumed mode of action of the drug, which may or may not be of clinical relevance. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. niels.mygind@dadlnet.dk Mygind N N eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenal Cortex Hormones 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists IM Adrenal Cortex Hormones immunology pharmacology therapeutic use Forecasting Histamine H1 Antagonists immunology pharmacology therapeutic use Histamine Release immunology Humans Rhinitis drug therapy immunology pathology Terminology as Topic 30 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486439 11486438 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Inferior concha bullosa--a radiological and clinical rarity. 118 Tüz M M Dogru H H eng Comment Letter

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 1999 Sep;37(3):133-5 10567994 Humans Turbinates pathology radiography 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486438 11486437 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Leiomyosarcoma of the ethmoidal cells. 115-7 Leiomyosarcomas of the paranasal sinuses are rare malignant tumors. A case of a 68-year-old female with leiomyosarcoma of the ethmoidal cells is presented. Since half a year she had a stuffed nose on both sides. Preoperatively, several attacks of epistaxis on the right side occurred. CT scans showed a tumor of the ethmoidal cells on the right side. The tumor was completely removed via a functional endoscopic endonasal approach and right sphenoethmoidectomy and maxillary sinus surgery. The operation was followed by a radiotherapy with 72 Gy. Up to 29 months after the operation local recurrence could not be observed. Endonasal tumor resection followed by radiotherapy in a case of leiomyosarcoma without invasion of orbit and skull base can allow tumor control. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Germany. tilman.keck@medizin.uni-ulm.de Keck T T Mattfeldt T T Kühnemann S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Combined Modality Therapy Ethmoid Sinus pathology surgery Female Humans Leiomyosarcoma pathology radiotherapy surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology radiotherapy surgery 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486437 11486436 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasopharyngeal epignathus causing nasal airway blocking in a 4-year old child. 112-4 Congenital oral teratoma or epignathus is a very rare lesion, especially in older children. We report on a 4-year old female infant presenting with nasal blocking, little watery discharge and recurrent otitis. First adenoids were suspected. An endoscopic examination of the nose and nasopharynx demonstrated an irregular mass in the nasopharynx, covered partly by mucosa. A MRI-scan (T1-weighted) showed fat-intensity. Histological examination revealed a teratomatous malformation. Although rare, teratoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a nasopharyngeal mass in the paediatric age group. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Klinikum Grosshadern, München, Germany. Jund R R Leunig A A Rohrbach H H Rasp G G eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child, Preschool Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nasal Obstruction etiology Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms complications congenital diagnosis pathology Teratoma complications congenital diagnosis pathology 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486436 11486435 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Pneumatization of the concha inferior as a cause of nasal obstruction. 109-11 Chronic nasal obstruction is a common disorder. Hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates is responsible for nasal obstruction more frequently than it is commonly thought. A pneumatized inferior turbinate has recently been described as a cause for nasal obstruction and only two cases have been reported until now. Inferior nasal turbinate develops by endochondral ossification of components of the mesethmoid and ectethmoid. The chondral framework of the inferior turbinate consists of a double lamella and two separate ossification centers that develop between the fifth and seventh month of fetal life. The separate ossification centers meet by the eighth fetal month. During ossification, the inferior turbinate detaches from the ectethmoid and becomes an independent bony structure. During that time the epithelium may misinvaginate into double lamellas and such double lamellas formed by the inferior turbinate may become persistent. A patient was referred to our clinic with headaches and nasal obstruction. A CT scan was performed which showed that the right lower concha was pneumatized. The headache of the patient disappeared after partial resection of the lower and middle turbinate. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yil University, Van, Turkey. hcankaya2@hotmail.com Cankaya H H Egeli E E Kutluhan A A Kiriş M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Air Humans Hypertrophy Male Nasal Obstruction etiology pathology Turbinates pathology 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486435 11486434 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Breast cancer metastasis presenting as ethmoiditis. 107-8 Metastasis from primary tumours to the paranasal sinuses is infrequent. We report an unusual case of breast cancer metastasis presenting as ethmoiditis in MRI. MRI changes are unspecific and sometimes inflammatory lesions can not be distinguished from neoplastic lesions. Inflammatory changes in the paranasal sinuses are also frequently noted on MRI even in normal persons without disease. A high index of metastasis suspicion in any patient with breast cancer must be kept in mind. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Pitkäranta A A Markkola A A Malmberg H H eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Breast Neoplasms pathology Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast complications secondary Ethmoid Sinus Ethmoid Sinusitis etiology Female Humans Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms complications secondary 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486434 11486433 2001 08 06 2002 01 24 2007 11 15

0300-0729 39 2 2001 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty on the sense of smell and taste. 103-6 To assess the effect, if any, of Laser Assisted Uvulo Palatoplasty (LAUP) on the sense of smell and taste. A prospective study examined 33 patients undergoing LAUP for snoring. Significant sinonasal pathology was excluded in all patients by a complete examination including rigid nasal endoscopy. None of the cases had any systemic illness or drug history that was likely to affect the sense of smell or taste. Twenty-eight patients were male and five female. The mean age was 44 years (range, 25-67). Twelve patients (36%) were regular smokers, and eight patients (24%) were ex-smokers all of whom reported a change in smell and taste after stopping. Preoperative assessment utilised a visual analogue score of smell and taste perception, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) for the assessment of olfaction (maximum score of 40), and whole mouth testing for solutions of NaCl, sucrose, quinine, citric acid and acetic acid. LAUP technique was standardised for each case and reassessment was performed 3 months postoperatively. Three patients failed to complete the study and were excluded. The mean values for visual analogue score pre and post surgery were 9.1 and 8.9 respectively, which was not significant using Wilcoxon Rank test (P = 0.257). The mean value of the UPSIT scores before surgery were 32.3 (+4.0), range, 24-39, and after surgery 31.2 (+4.3), range 20-37. There was no significant difference in pre and post UPSIT scores (p = 0.068). Whole mouth taste testing had a preoperative mean value of 4.1 and a postoperative value of 4.2. The difference was not statistically significant, Wilcoxon Rank test (p = 0.317). In this study there was no significant change in the patients' perception of smell and taste or in their objective measurement following a standardised Laser Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Badia L L Malik N N Lund V J VJ Kotecha B T BT eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Laser Therapy adverse effects Middle Aged Palate surgery Perception physiology Prospective Studies Smell physiology Statistics, Nonparametric Taste physiology Uvula surgery 2001 8 7 10 0 2002 1 25 10 1 2001 8 7 10 0 ppublish 11486433 11826697 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology An extensive maxillary pneumosinus dilatans. 236-8 Pneumosinus dilatans is a very rare lesion. An aggressive case of a maxillary pneumosinus dilatans is presented. CT and MRI showed that the lesion involved the orbit, cheek and nasal cavity. A reopening to the affected maxillary sinus as a FESS procedure was performed with success. Department of Otorhinology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Hansjuhl@dadlnet.dk Juhl H J HJ Buchwald C C Bollinger B B eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Dilatation, Pathologic Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Maxillary Sinus pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826697 11826696 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Leiomyoma of the nasal septum. 233-5 Leiomyoma is a benign myogenic tumor that may develop wherever smooth muscle is present. It occurs commonly in the uterus, skin, and gastrointestinal tract and is rare within the nasal cavity. Only three of twenty-four reported cases of sinonasal leiomyoma have been found to originate from the nasal septum. Treatment of choice for these neoplasms is surgical excision. We present two cases of nasal septal leiomyoma. Unique features discussed include recurrence of one neoplasm and the technique used to endoscopically repair a cerebrospinal fluid leak resulting from resection of the neoplasm. Kaiser Permanente Southern California Region, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, San Diego, CA, USA. DCBloom@hotmail.com Bloom D C DC Finley J C JC Jr Broberg T G TG Cueva R A RA eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Female Humans Leiomyoma diagnosis surgery Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Aged Nasal Septum Nose Neoplasms diagnosis surgery 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826696 11826695 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2007 11 15

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Blood loss reduction during laser turbinectomy. 230-2 The use of a combination of topical and injected anaesthetic and vasoconstrictive agents is widely applied in rhinological practice. To prepare the nose prior to a laser inferior turbinectomy under combined general and local anaesthetic, we routinely spray the nose with 1:1000 epinephrine and inject 2% xylocaine with 1:80.000 epinephrine into each inferior turbinate. With the current climate tending towards evidence based medicine, we were keen to show that our technique of pre-operative nasal preparation was effective. A randomised, double blind, prospective study was carried out, with patients acting as their own control. We found that the injection of 2% xylocaine with 1:80.000 epinephrine did not confer any additional benefit, in terms of blood loss or post-operative pain, in the treatment of these patients. The inferior turbinate that was injected bled more during the procedure than the non-injected side; there was no difference in post-operative discomfort between the 2 sides. Department of Otolaryngology, Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, Lancashire, BB2 3LR United Kingdom. r.temple@talk21.com Temple R H RH Timms M S MS eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 0 Vasoconstrictor Agents 137-58-6 Lidocaine 51-43-4 Epinephrine IM Adolescent Adult Anesthetics, Local therapeutic use Blood Loss, Surgical prevention & control Double-Blind Method Epinephrine therapeutic use Female Humans Laser Therapy Lidocaine therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Pain, Postoperative prevention & control Prospective Studies Turbinates surgery Vasoconstrictor Agents therapeutic use 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826695 11826694 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Delivery of nasal drops to the middle meatus: which is the best head position? 226-9 Chronic sinusitis and intranasal polyps require long-term topical drug therapy. The issue of drug delivery to the critical area of the middle meatus is rarely addressed. The aim of this study was to compare the delivery of drops to the middle meatus using four different head positions (Mecca, Mygind, Ragan and Head back). The study also assessed the discomfort with each position whilst administering the nasal drops. Nine nostrils in five healthy volunteers were studied to compare the delivery of drops to the middle meatus using the four different head positions. A neurosurgical patty was placed under direct vision in the middle meatus using a rigid nasendoscope. Six drops of dyed-saline were administered into each nostril. Upon removal, a quantitative assessment was made of the amount of dye absorbed and discomfort assessed. The direction of flow of the nasal drops in the nose was also demonstrated. The 'Mygind' and 'Ragan' positions were superior to the 'Mecca' and 'Head back' positions in delivery of drops to the middle meatus. The 'Mecca' position was the most uncomfortable. We recommend that the 'Mygind' or 'Ragan' position should be used for nasal drop administration. Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom. gadzama@themail.co.uk Karagama Y G YG Lancaster J L JL Karkanevatos A A O'Sullivan G G eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Pharmaceutical Solutions IM Cross-Over Studies Endoscopy Humans Pharmaceutical Solutions administration & dosage Posture Prospective Studies 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826694 11826693 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Possible role of plasminogen activator in the occurrence of profuse watery rhinorrhea after topical application of epinephrine to the nasal mucosa. 220-5 Epinephrine and lidocaine have been used for the diagnosis and treatment of nasal diseases. However, watery rhinorrhea and frequent sneezing occur in many patients after topical application of these drugs to the nasal mucosa. This study was aimed at characterizing these side effects, and developing a means to prevent such side effects. A questionnaire was given to each patient who complained of side effects after treatment with epinephrine and lidocaine, and the answers were analyzed with respect to the occurrence and features of the symptoms after the treatment. Eosinophil and mast cell numbers were determined in nasal smears from the patients with side effects. These side effects were different from rhinitis medicamentosa and allergic rhinitis, and were due to epinephrine, not to lidocaine or to the preservatives in the epinephrine. Tranexamic acd, an inhibitor of plasmin, was effective in blocking the side effects. Sasaki ENT Clinic, Sekine Building, Sakado, Saitama, Japan. cdi83800@par.dn.ne.jp Sasaki Y Y eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antifibrinolytic Agents 0 Vasoconstrictor Agents 1197-18-8 Tranexamic Acid 51-43-4 Epinephrine IM Administration, Topical Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antifibrinolytic Agents therapeutic use Epinephrine adverse effects Female Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Vasomotor chemically induced Tranexamic Acid therapeutic use Vasoconstrictor Agents adverse effects 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826693 11826692 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of powered instrumentation in out-patient revisional sinus surgery. 215-9 A feasibility study was carried out to prove the benefits of powered instrumentation, i.e. microdebrider in revisional surgery under local anaesthesia of chronic sinusitis in out-patients. Acceptance by the patients was investigated by questionnaire. Out-patient surgery is well tolerated by the majority (79.2%) of patients. Ninety-four percent would undergo the treatment again if necessary. An operation under general anaesthesia could be avoided in the cases we submitted to investigation. The cost-effectiveness of the method is thus an important consideration, despite calculating high prime costs and rather expensive, expendable instrumentation. Special consideration is attributed to a new feature added to the debrider device. To improve out-patient care, we developed an integrated electrocoagulation unit which supplements the microdebrider. It proved to be effective and easy to use. Bleeding was reduced to a minimum. Hence, nasal packing could be avoided in all out-patient cases. The possibility of causing severe complications using the microdebrider-technique is not eliminated as was shown in the anatomical specimens. Based on our experience, reduction of strong bony structures is subject to limitations at present. We therefore recommend the use of microdebriders for soft tissue manipulations, especially in revisional surgery. The microdebrider proved to be a significant advantage in out-patient surgery for recurrent sinusitis. ORL-Department, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. Kühnel T T Hosemann W W Rothammer R R eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Ambulatory Surgical Procedures instrumentation Debridement instrumentation Feasibility Studies Female Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinuses surgery Prospective Studies Reoperation Sinusitis surgery 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826692 11826691 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Assessing the reproducibility of nasal spirometry parameters in the measurement of nasal patency. 211-4 The reproducibility of nasal spirometry was assessed in ten subjects at two visits. Topical nasal decongestion was applied to minimise mucosal variation. Eleven parameters of flow volume were measured. Data analysis using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) followed by forced expiratory volume in first one second (FEV1) to be the most reproducible measures, yielding significance values of < 0.05. For all other spirometric parameters significance was not reached. Analysis revealed that using a naso-pulmonary index (a ratio of nasal to pulmonary flow) was detrimental to reproducibility. We conclude that future nasal spirometric studies should use PIFR and FEV1 as their derived variables of flow-volume loops in the assessment of nasal patency, and the naso-pulmonary index is of no value. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Hospitals Trust, London, England. harar@freenetname.co.uk Harar R P RP Kalan A A Kenyon G S GS eng Evaluation Studies Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Forced Expiratory Volume Humans Nose physiology Spirometry Vital Capacity 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826691 11826690 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Transsphenoidal surgery utilizing computer-assisted stereotactic guidance. 207-10 Computer-assisted guidance technology represents the next step in the application of stereotactic techniques to skull base surgery. Use of this 3-D technique reduces operative time and complications as the technique allows a more direct approach with precise real-time anatomical guidance. We present seven cases of transsphenoidal parasellar surgery where this technique has been employed. The pathology included lesions of the sella turcica, parasellar region and the petrous apex. Department of Otolaryngology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA. Kacdoc@AOL.com Kacker A A Komisar A A Huo J J Mangiardi J J eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Petrous Bone surgery Sella Turcica surgery Skull Base Neoplasms surgery Stereotaxic Techniques Surgery, Computer-Assisted 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826690 11826689 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Temperature and humidity profile of the anterior nasal airways of patients with nasal septal perforation. 202-6 The most frequent symptoms of patients with nasal septal perforations are crusting and bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of septal perforations on temperature and humidity of the anterior nasal airways. Intranasal temperature and humidity were measured in the nasal valve area, the anterior turbinate area and in the nasopharynx during normal respiration. A miniaturized thermocouple and a humidity sensor were used for continuous detection. Ten patients with septal perforations were enclosed into the study. The results were compared to matched healthy control subjects. There were no significant differences of the temperature and humidity values between the left and right side of the nasal cavity in each study group. At the end of inspiration, nasal air temperature did not differ significantly between the two study groups. The humidity values at the end of inspiration were statistically significantly lower in the patient group. Nasal septal perforations seem to be related to lower humidity in the anterior nasal airways during inspiration. Reduced humidity may contribute to crusting as a main symptom. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. wiesmiller-lindemann@t-online.de Lindemann J J Kühnemann S S Stehmer V V Leiacker R R Rettinger G G Keck T T eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Body Temperature Female Humans Humidity Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum injuries Statistics, Nonparametric 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826689 11826688 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Correlation of nasal morphology and respiratory function. 197-201 In order to investigate the fluid dynamic preconditions that guarantee a sufficient contact of air with nasal mucosa, we studied flow patterns in modified "Mink's boxes" and in nasal models. As a result, the nose can be divided into 1) a functional area, i.e. area of turbinates, 2) an inflow area, i.e. vestibulum, isthmus and anterior cavum and 3) an outflow area, i.e. posterior cavum, choanae and epipharynx. The vestibulum is shaped like and acts as a bend, redirecting air to the cavum, and as a nozzle, reducing turbulence. With its concavely curved shape, the isthmus facilitates equal distribution of air throughout the entire area of the turbinates. The anterior cavum acts as a diffuser, where turbulence increases and velocity decreases. In the slit-like space of the area of turbinates, the flow behavior is determined by flow dynamics in the inflow area. The structure elements of the outflow area are similar to those of the inflow area but lined up in an inverse order. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany. mlynski@mail.uni-greifswald.de Mlynski G G Grützenmacher S S Plontke S S Mlynski B B Lang C C eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose anatomy & histology physiology Respiration Turbinates anatomy & histology physiology 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826688 11826687 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Assessing the quality of life for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis using the "Rhinosinusitis Disability Index". 191-6 Quality of life studies are increasingly being use as the primary outcome measure in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) is a recently designed validated measure that has not been used in clinical studies. We have used the RSDI on 53 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and compared the results to their endoscopic score and self-rated symptom score. Our data showed that the mean total quality of life score was 42 with a range of 5 to 69 (SD 17). The means of the functional, emotional and physical domains were 13 (range 0 to 27, SD 6), 13 (range 0 to 25, SD 7) and 16 (range of 2 to 32, SD of 7) respectively. There was no correlation between endoscopic score and either the patient's self-rated symptom score or RSDI score. The correlation between the self-rated symptom score and total quality of life score was significant (p = 0.02). Various areas of the patients' quality of life were shown to be affected by chronic rhinosinusitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charing Cross and The Royal Brompton Hospitals, London, United Kingdom. Birch D S DS Saleh H A HA Wodehouse T T Simpson I N IN Mackay I S IS eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Chronic Disease Female Health Status Indicators Humans Male Middle Aged Quality of Life Questionnaires Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Sinusitis 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826687 11826686 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2005 11 16

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Leukotriene receptor antagonists: clinical potential in allergic rhinitis. 187-90 Leukotrienes are potent pro-inflammatory mediators that have been shown to play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of asthma and associated allergic disorders including allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD). In the treatment of these disorders, topical corticosteroids (TCS) are currently the most important anti-inflammatory agents, however, long-term application of TCS is associated with side-effects. Moreover, corticosteroids appeared not to inhibit the release of leukotrienes in humans in vivo. Therefore, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) have been introduced into clinical practice and these specific oral drugs are currently registered as additive therapy in mild to moderate persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids. As for other allergic disorders, including AR, until recently only a few placebo-controlled studies with LTRAs have been performed. These (preliminary) data provide a basis for optimism, but clearly more long-term studies are needed to evaluate their clinical effectiveness, especially as add-on therapy. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. z.diamant@gems.demon.nl Diamant Z Z Fokkens W J WJ eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Leukotriene Antagonists IM Glucocorticoids therapeutic use Humans Leukotriene Antagonists therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy physiopathology Treatment Outcome 27 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826686 11826685 2002 02 05 2002 07 17 2005 11 16

0300-0729 39 4 2001 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Health related quality of life in sinonasal disease. 182-6 Objective measurements of sinonasal disease have proved difficult to standardise and correlate poorly with the severity of symptoms. Quality of life, which has been defined as the gap between expectation and experience allows the impact of disease to be quantified thus enabling comparison of different diseases and enabling examination of therapeutic response. A range of generic and disease specific questionnaires have been developed of varying complexity. These have been applied to a range of sinonasal conditions including allergy, infection and neoplasia. With increasing refinement they may become the main primary outcome measures in both clinical trials and practice. Institute of Laryngology & Otology, University College London, 330 Gray's Inn Road, London, United Kingdom. v.lund@ucl.ac.uk Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Health Status Indicators Humans Nose Diseases Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Paranasal Sinus Diseases Quality of Life 51 2002 2 6 10 0 2002 7 18 10 1 2002 2 6 10 0 ppublish 11826685 11072664 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2003 11 14

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effects of natural ostium and nasoantral window on mucosal regeneration after maxillary sinus surgery in rabbits. 150-5 The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of natural ostium and the nasoantral window on the mucosal regeneration after maxillary sinus surgery and to detect the changes in the mucociliary clearance during regeneration process. Twenty-eight rabbits were studied. In the study group consisting of 21 rabbits, the mucosa of each right maxillary sinus was totally removed, natural ostium was occluded with bone-wax and a nasoantral window was created, while the left sinus mucosa was removed and the natural ostium was left open without creating a nasoantral window. Maxillary sinus mucosa taken during surgery was investigated by light and electron microscopy. The study group was divided into three subgroups. The first group was followed for 2, the second for 4, and the last group for 8 weeks. At the end of these periods, the mucociliary function was evaluated scintigraphically using 99mTc-Human serum albumin. Following this investigation mucosal biopsies were taken from the right and left sinuses and the rabbits were sacrificed. In the control group consisting of 7 rabbits a small hole was opened in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus of each rabbit and the scintigraphic evaluation was performed for this group at the end of each follow up period as well. In the histopathologic investigation, no difference was found between the natural and the nasoantral window using light microscopy, but there was a difference between them in the electron microscopic findings (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). The scintigraphic, light and electron microscopic findings and gross appearances of the sinuses are discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey. Yilmaz F F Koyuncu M M Coşkun C C Yildiz L L Bernay I I Seşen T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Maxillary Sinus physiology radionuclide imaging surgery Mucociliary Clearance physiology Mucous Membrane physiology Rabbits Regeneration physiology 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072664 11072663 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic endonasal ligation of the sphenopalatine artery. 147-9 Internal maxillary artery ligation for persistent posterior epistaxis is traditionally performed via the transantral approach. Although usually effective in controlling the bleeding it carries significant risks, including damage to the infraorbital nerve, damage to dentition and oro-antral fistula formation. The alternative procedure of endoscopic ligation of the sphenopalatine artery at its exit from the sphenopalatine foramen avoids the morbidity associated with the transantral approach. The technique we describe involves the use of standard FESS instruments and a Ligge Clip applicator. This operation is well within the capability of the Otolaryngologist/Rhinologist experienced in endoscopic sinus surgery. University Department of Otolaryngology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom. Ram B B White P S PS Saleh H A HA Odutoye T T Cain A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Arteries surgery Endoscopy methods Epistaxis surgery Humans Ligation Nasal Cavity blood supply 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072663 11072662 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory neuroblastoma metastatic to the breast. 144-6 Olfactory neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma) is a rare malignant tumour arising from olfactory epithelium. It has a predilection for cervical lymph node metastasis and also has potential for distant metastasis to unusual sites like scalp, face, aorta, spleen, liver, adrenal gland and ovary. We report here a rare case of olfactory neuroblastoma in an adolescent girl with metastatic deposits in the breast. A poor prognosis due to rapidly progressive disseminated disease was observed. The relevant literature regarding metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma and metastasis in the breast from non-mammary malignant neoplasms is reviewed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India. stjohns@blr.vsnl.net.in Shetty S C SC Gupta S S Chary G G Shariff S S Acharya V V Belliappa M S MS eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Breast Neoplasms pathology secondary Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory pathology secondary Female Humans Nasal Cavity Nose Neoplasms pathology 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072662 11072661 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Acinic cell carcinoma originating in the nasal septum. 140-3 Acinic cell carcinoma represents approximately 2.5% to 4% of all salivary gland tumors and 13% of all malignant parotid tumors. The nasal septum is a rare site of an acinic cell carcinoma. We have treated such a tumor in a 47-year old man who had been asymptomatic for the past 1.5 year. This is the second reported case of acinic cell carcinoma at the nasal septum. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, PTT Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. tariksapci@turk.net Sapçi T T Yìldìrìm G G Peker K K Karavus A A Akbulut U G UG eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Carcinoma, Acinar Cell diagnosis pathology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum Nose Neoplasms diagnosis pathology 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072661 11072660 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2005 11 16

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Glomangioma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 136-9 The glomangioma, a benign vascular tumour, derived from the cutaneous glomus bodies, should not be confused with paragangliomas, which are occasionally also referred to as glomus tumours. Up to now, only eleven cases of a glomangioma of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses have been published. We report the case of a patient with a glomangioma of the ethmoidal aircell system. The tumour was completely removed under endoscopic-microscopic vision via endonasal access. A tumour recurrence was not observed over a period of eighteen months. The clinical signs, diagnosis, therapy and histological features will be discussed with reference to the literature. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany. hnojcon@med-rz.uni-sb.de Constantinidis J J Kiefer A A Reitnauer K K Iro H H eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Female Glomus Tumor pathology surgery Humans Nasal Cavity Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology surgery 24 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072660 11072659 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2006 11 15

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Influence of personal factors on nasal patency and lavage biomarkers in white-collar workers. 130-5 Large biological variability between subjects has been shown for both acoustic rhinometry and nasal lavage biomarker concentrations, but relatively little is known about the influence of personal factors on these techniques. The aim was to evaluate if nasal symptoms, acoustic rhinometric measurements and nasal lavage fluid biomarkers are related to age, gender, smoking, atopy or asthma. A standardized nasal investigation was applied in 411 white-collar workers, belonging to three occupational groups: school personnel (n = 234), office workers (n = 89) and hospital workers (n = 88). Lavage fluid analysis included determination of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin. Females had smaller nasal dimensions in the anterior part of the nose (p < 0.001), and lower lavage fluid concentrations of ECP (p = 0.004), MPO (p = 0.002), and albumin (p = 0.01). Rhinometric dimensions or lavage fluid biomarker concentrations were not related to age, smoking, atopy or asthma. Some differences in rhinometric and biomarker measurements were observed between the occupational groups, and adjustment was made for occupation. Rhinometric measures and lavage biomarkers were consistently interrelated, which suggests a combined mucosal swelling and inflammatory reaction. This indicates a potential usefulness of a combined use of acoustic rhinometry and lavage biomarkers to study nasal mucosal reactions. Department of Medical Sciences/Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Uppsala, Sweden. robert.walinder@medsci.uu.se Wålinder R R Wieslander G G Norbäck D D Erwall C C Venge P P eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Albumins 0 Biological Markers 0 Blood Proteins 0 Eosinophil Granule Proteins EC 1.11.1.7 Peroxidase EC 3.1.- Ribonucleases EC 3.2.1.17 Muramidase IM Albumins analysis Asthma physiopathology Biological Markers analysis Blood Proteins analysis Eosinophil Granule Proteins Female Humans Male Muramidase analysis Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry Nasal Mucosa physiology Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Occupations Peroxidase analysis Respiratory Hypersensitivity physiopathology Ribonucleases Smoking physiopathology 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072659 11072658 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2006 11 15

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effects of erythromycin on human peripheral neutrophil apoptosis. 124-9 Erythromycin is reported to have an anti-inflammatory action, which may account for its clinical effectiveness in treating chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract such as diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and chronic sinusitis. The evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of erythromycin, we examined apoptosis of isolated neutrophils incubated with and without erythromycin. As a result, erythromycin augmented neutrophil apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal effect at 10 micrograms/ml and above. The percentage of neutrophil apoptosis at 12 h was 79.2 +/- 2.3% in medium with 10 micrograms/ml of erythromycin compared with 51.2 +/- 4.1% in control medium (p < 0.005). In a manner similar to that of erythromycin, another macrolide antibiotic, roxithromycin, also increased neutrophil apoptosis. However, there was no effect on apoptosis induced by treatment with josamycin (macrolide antibiotic), ampicillin (beta-lactam.) and cefazolin (cephalosporin antibiotic), or gentamycin (aminoglycoside). These findings suggest that erythromycin shortens neutrophil survival by accelerating neutrophil apoptosis. Department of Otolaryngology, Yamagata University, School of Medicine, Japan. Inamura K K Ohta N N Fukase S S Kasajima N N Aoyagi M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Cephalosporins 0 Gentamicins 0 Penicillins 114-07-8 Erythromycin 16846-24-5 Josamycin 25953-19-9 Cefazolin 69-53-4 Ampicillin 80214-83-1 Roxithromycin IM Ampicillin pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology Apoptosis drug effects Cefazolin pharmacology Cells, Cultured Cephalosporins pharmacology Erythromycin pharmacology Gentamicins pharmacology Humans Josamycin pharmacology Neutrophils drug effects Penicillins pharmacology Roxithromycin pharmacology 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072658 11072657 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on mucociliary activity and healing of maxillary sinus mucosa. 120-3 The aim of this study was to determine histologic findings in the maxilaarysinus mucosa by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ciliary activity within the nasal cavity by measuring the speed of mucociliary transport and after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Thirty patients were enrolled. Thirty-eight antral mucosae of 24 24 patients were investigated according to ultrastructural changes and 6 patients were accepted as controls. At the 12th week, 12 antral nasal mucosae specimens of 8 patients were evaluated. All the specimens were taken from the medial rear wall of the antrum. The specimens were observed under a SEM and TEM. The mucociliary activity was measured within the nasal cavity by a saccharin test in all patients before the operation and after 12 weeks. Twenty people served as controls. In the specimens of the preoperative mucosa, the ciliated epithelium was heavily deciliated, interdigitation of the cell was loosened. In the samples taken 12 weeks after the operation, the ciliated cells were irregularly seen, the number of goblet cells was about the same as in the preoperative group and in the control, the number of the gland openings was higher than in the preoperative group and in the control. Also the interdigitation of the cells was enhanced. The histological and morphological features of the mucosa had improved. The period of the preoperative saccharin test was 12.15 minutes, whereas the period of the postoperative test was 9.08 minutes. The improvement was significant but both results were also significantly longer compared to the controls. These observations suggest that the histological, morphological and mucocilliary activity of the mucosa have not yet improved completely, it takes more than 12 weeks to recover, and the patients should be closely monitored in the postoperative months. Department of Otolaryngology, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Inanli S S Tutkun A A Batman C C Okar I I Uneri C C Sehitoğlu M A MA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Endoscopy Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus pathology physiology Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance physiology Mucous Membrane pathology Nasal Mucosa pathology Paranasal Sinuses surgery Sinusitis pathology surgery Wound Healing physiology 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072657 11072656 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2006 11 15

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal histamine reactivity in woodwork teachers. 114-9 Woodworkers exposed to wood dust have an increased frequency of rhinitis. We have previously reported such rhinitis in woodwork teachers. To test whether their nasal complaints are related to nasal hyper-reactivity, we selected 14 woodwork teachers with work-related rhinitis and 14 healthy and non-allergic control persons for nasal histamine challenge using symptom scores (0-3 scale) and acoustic rhinometry for effect evaluation. Intranasal saline followed by doubled concentrations of histamine phosphate (from 0.062 to 16 mg/ml) was given at five-minute intervals. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding symptom scores or acoustic rhinometry during the challenge. The results indicate that nasal hyperreactivity is not a prominent factor in wood-dust-related rhinitis. Other mechanisms probably prompt the nasal complaints. Department of Occupational Health, Stockholm, Sweden. mats.ahman@smd.sll.se Ahman M M Holmström M M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adult Dust Female Histamine diagnostic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Provocation Tests methods Occupational Diseases diagnosis Questionnaires Respiratory Hypersensitivity diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Teaching Wood 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072656 11072655 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus bony variations: a computed tomographic study. 108-13 Variations of the nasal cavity are very important for the otolaryngologist in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. To provide data on bony variations of this region, we performed high resolution computed tomography images of paranasal sinuses on 82 adult patients without sinus pathology and on 90 adult patients with sinus disease. We observed paradoxical curvature of the middle concha in 11 (12.22%) sinus patients and 6 (7.31%) in non-sinus patients. Concha bullosa was observed in 26 sinus patients (28.88%) and 22 (26.83%) in non-sinus patients, deviated nasal septum in 20 (22.22%) sinus and 10 (12%) non-sinus, Haller's cell in 5 (5.55%) sinus and in 3 (3.65%) non-sinus, agger nasi cell in 7 (7.77%) sinus and 4 (4.88%) non-sinus patients. Pneumatisation of cristae galli was observed in 8 (8.88%) sinus and 2 (2.44%) non-sinus, of the anterior clinoid process in 5 (5.55%) sinus and 1 (1.22%) non-sinus patients, pneumatisation of the nasal septum in 7 (7.77%) and of the pterygoid recess in 12 (13.33%) sinus patients. We did not find any correlation between age intervals and paranasal sinus variations, and also no statistically significant difference was observed between males and females. These data provide very important information to guide the otolaryngologist and/or radiologist in the evaluation of patients with coronal CT which guides functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Department of Anatomy, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. kayali@rocketmail.com Kayalioglu G G Oyar O O Govsa F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Age Factors Aged Ethmoid Sinus radiography Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography Middle Aged Nasal Cavity radiography Nasal Septum radiography Paranasal Sinuses radiography Retrospective Studies Sex Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turbinates radiography 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072655 11072654 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2006 04 19

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Particle deposition in the nose related to nasal cavity geometry. 102-7 A number of studies have been made to characterise the deposition-pattern of inhaled airborne particles in the nose. Common to all results has been considerable differences in deposition fractions between normal human subjects. It was the aim of the current study to improve our understanding of individual differences in nasal deposition of inhaled particles. Depositions were measured in ten adult normal subjects and were related to dimensional measurements by acoustic rhinometry. Five litres of a polydisperse aerosol (MMAD = 0.7 micron, sigma g = 1.7) were inhaled through one nostril only during 5 inspirations with flows of 10, 20, and 30 L/min with decongested mucosa. Increasing flow was found to increase the fraction deposited in the nose, while there was an inverse correlation between nasal deposition fraction and minimum cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity (Amin). Information based on acoustic rhinometry measurements significantly reduced the amount of unexplained variation between subjects in nasal deposition fraction. We conclude that an estimate of maximum linear air velocity, calculated as airflow divided by Amin, was the best single predictor of nasal deposition fraction, which was found to increase with increasing air velocity raised to a power of approximately 4/3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark. Rasmussen T R TR Andersen A A Pedersen O F OF eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Dust IM Adult Aerosols Dust Female Humans Individuality Male Middle Aged Models, Theoretical Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072654 11072653 2001 02 23 2001 03 01 2005 11 16

0300-0729 38 3 2000 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The inverted Schneiderian papilloma: a review and literature report of 43 new cases. 97-101 Inverted Schneiderian Papilloma remains a controversial nasal disease. Although a benign pathology it is associated with aggressive local destruction, recurrence after removal and malignancy. New information regarding aetiology may aid management which at present consists of surgical resection. The best method of resection is still undetermined. This paper describes 43 cases of Inverted Schneiderian Papilloma presenting to a tertiary referral centre and discusses the present knowledge surrounding the pathology and its treatment. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK. njmansell@lineone.net Mansell N J NJ Bates G J GJ eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose Neoplasms pathology Papilloma pathology 42 2000 11 10 11 0 2001 3 7 10 1 2000 11 10 11 0 ppublish 11072653 10780048 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2005 11 16

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum. 45-7 Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum is a rather uncommon tumour. Therefore, only limited numbers of cases have been described in the literature. This paper reveals one more case observed at the ORL department of Dicle University. In the present case, by using a transnasal and transpalatal approach, total resection of the tumour was performed in conjunction with postoperative radiotherapy. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Turkey.uosma@hotmail.com Meric F F Osma U U Cüreoglu S S Topçu I I Aslan A A eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chondrosarcoma diagnosis epidemiology therapy Humans Male Nasal Septum Nose Neoplasms diagnosis epidemiology therapy 17 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780048 10780047 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Unilateral blindness in a child with acute sinusitis. 43-4 Orbital infection in association with sinusitis is an emergency. It may cause visual disturbances, and in rare cases even permanent blindness by affecting the optic nerve. We report an unusual case of acute sinusitis that was complicated by irreversible visual loss in a young patient. As there is increasing evidence that respiratory viruses play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute community acquired sinusitis and spontaneous healing with only symptomatic treatment is common, the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute sinusitis may not be needed in all cases. If the general policy to use antibiotics in acute sinusitis will be changed to more restrained and expectant, we have to be even more aware of these nowadays rare complications. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Pitkäranta A A Atula T T Lindahl P P Saxen H H Malmberg H H eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Blindness etiology Child Female Humans Orbital Diseases complications drug therapy surgery Sinusitis complications drug therapy surgery 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780047 10780046 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis in newborn: report on three cases. 39-42 Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is recognized as a cause of nasal airway obstruction in the newborn. The nasal pyriform aperture is narrowed by a bony overgrowth of the nasal process of the maxilla. The CNPAS may occur as an isolated congenital defect or in combination with other abnormalities. Three cases of CNPAS are reported with special attention to the clinical presentation and to the management recommendation prior to surgery. Surgical repair was performed for all these three highly symptomatic patients using a sublabial approach for drilling the nasal process in order to obtain a wider nasal vestibular patency. All of them were equipped with bilateral nasal stenting. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. Rombaux P P Hamoir M M Francois G G Eloy P P Daele J J Bertrand B B eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Incisor abnormalities Infant Infant, Newborn Male Maxilla abnormalities Nasal Cavity abnormalities Nasal Obstruction congenital Stents 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780046 10780045 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The prevalence and significance of incidental paranasal sinus abnormalities on MRI. 33-8 Morphological changes in the paranasal sinuses are regularly noted on MRI, but little is known about the incidence and significance of these changes in the general population. The purpose of this study was 1) to classify the morphological changes in the paranasal sinuses seen on MRI 2) to investigate the prevalence, site and type of paranasal abnormalities and 3) to evaluate the significance of the findings by relating them to the presence of sinusitis symptoms, allergy, smoking habits and seasonal variations. In a one-year period, 404 patients referred to MRI for suspected intracranial neurological pathology were prospectively investigated. Before undergoing the scan the patients completed a questionnaire. The observed morphological conditions were classified so that mucous thickening < 5 mm was recorded as normal; > or = 5 mm, total sinus opacification or fluid and polyps as pathological. According to this classification 31.7% of the patients had pathological findings in the sinuses. A significantly higher incidence was found in the winter period and in patients with symptoms associated to sinusitis. "Blocked nose" was the only symptom occurring significantly more often in patients with pathological changes. There was no significant relationship between paranasal sinus abnormalities and sex, age, allergy, smoking habits, previous events of sinusitis or frequent events of colds. Criteria for pathological MRI findings in the paranasal sinuses are desirable and might improve the basis for a decision on the correct medical or surgical treatment. Department of Infectious Diseases, Marselisborg Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Tarp B B Fiirgaard B B Christensen T T Jensen J J JJ Black F T FT eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Nasal Obstruction epidemiology pathology Paranasal Sinuses pathology Prevalence Prospective Studies Respiratory Hypersensitivity epidemiology pathology Sinusitis epidemiology pathology Smoking epidemiology 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780045 10780044 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Eosinophil count in nasal secretions of subjects with and without nasal symptoms. 23-32 The aim of this paper, based on a cross-sectional study of 129 patients with nonallergic chronic nasal symptoms and 40 healthy controls, was to examine the leucocyte differential count in nasal secretions as a diagnostic test. Nasal secretions were collected using preweighed suction glass canulas under controlled conditions (-100Pa, 30 sec). Leucocyte and differential counts were performed using a Thoma hemocytometer and on cytospin slides after May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining. The percentage of eosinophils (Eo) was significantly higher in patients (mean +/- SEM: 15.1 +/- 2.3%) than in controls (5 +/- 2.6%) (p < 0.04). Comparison of the frequency distribution of the percentage of Eo in patients and controls clearly showed a subgroup of patients presenting with nasal secretion hypereosinophilia, and allowed us to set the positivity criterion at Eo = 20%. Diurnal variations in Eo count in 11 controls and 8 patients confirmed the value of the cutoff point. In 28 patients with nasal polyposis who underwent surgery, a correlation was found between secretion and tissue eosinophelia (r = 0.58, p = 0.001). Patients with nasal secretion hypereosinophilia had no more leucocytes in their secretions than healthy controls, the increase in eosinophils being balanced by a decrease in neutrophils. In patients without hypereosinophilia, the number of leucocytes per milligram of secretion was four times higher (8672 +/- 2521) than in the controls (2020 +/- 823) (p = 0.06) (cut-off point = 2500 leu/mg). These data show that the nasal cytogram can be modified either in qualitative or quantitative way, probably depending on the underlying inflammatory process. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Hospital, Henri Poincaré University, Nancy, France. Jankowski R R Persoons M M Foliguet B B Coffinet L L Thomas C C Verient-Montaut B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Asthma pathology Bronchial Provocation Tests Cell Count Circadian Rhythm Cross-Sectional Studies Eosinophilia etiology Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa secretion Nasal Polyps pathology Prospective Studies Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial pathology 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780044 10780043 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Value of radiologic imaging and computer assisted surgery in surgical decisions of the anterior skull base lesions. 17-22 The role of radiologic imaging in surgical decision making of anterior skull base lesions has been found to be critical in the endoscopic surgical management of these lesions. The non-invasive radiologic imaging may include the use of CT scans, MRI scans, MRA scans and their subtraction technique. The imaging offers an understanding of the vascularity of the lesion, the relationship to the nearby neurovascular structures and the type of tissue density of these lesions. The addition of image guided applications offers one a sagittal reconstruction and a 3-D imaging capacity which has immensely improved the accuracy and precision in endoscopic surgical applications in these areas. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cornell University Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, N.Y., USA. Anand V K VK Kacker A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis surgery Skull Base pathology surgery Therapy, Computer-Assisted instrumentation Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780043 10780042 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A new method for endoscopic evaluation in rhinology: videocapture. 13-6 The aim of the study is to analyze a new method for the elaboration of endoscopic images of the nasal cavity called "videocapture" and to compare the data from this technique with the ones obtained with anterior active rhinomanometry. Videocapture is based on a software program able to process endoscopic images, to file them and to measure perimeter and area of the structures inside the images recorded. We enrolled 27 patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy and we performed, before and after nasal decongestion test, anterior active rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, videocapture to compare the results obtained with these different techniques. The results we got confirm in a statistically significant way, the reliability of videocapture and its easy way of application. ENT Department, University of Siena, Medical School, Italy. Bellussi L L Ferrara Gorga A A Mezzedimi C C Passàli G C GC D'Alesio D D Passàli D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance physiology Endoscopy Female Humans Hypertrophy pathology Male Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Nose Diseases diagnosis Software Turbinates pathology Video Recording 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780042 10780041 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The nasal valves: changes in anatomy and physiology in normal subjects. 7-12 There is confusion in the literature concerning the physiology and pathology of the nasal valve, and some debate as to whether there is one valve or two. In an attempt to clarify these uncertainties we have measured nasal function by assessing nasal minimum cross-sectional area, inspiratory resistance and peak inspiratory flow under baseline conditions and after the application of a topical vasoconstrictor. These measurements were then repeated following the application of external and internal nasal splints. Whatever test was employed the results showed that vasoconstriction tended to be the most potent stimulus which changed nasal function producing significant expansion of the minimum cross-sectional area, a decrease in inspiratory resistance and an increase in peak inspiratory flow. External splints also increased the minimal cross sectional area but they had no effect on inspiratory resistance or on the tendency of the vestibular rim to collapse at high inspiratory flow rates. The tendency for lower lateral cartilage collapse was, however, prevented by internal splintage using alar dilators. The results of this study suggest that there is an internal valve at the nasal isthmus where the principal alterations in airway patency follow changes in mucosal congestion, and a mobile external valve where airflow is limited by the tendency of the alar cartilages to collapse. These should be considered as separate entities with differing pathophysiology and these differences should be taken into account when treating patients with airway obstruction due to pathology at these sites. Department of Asthma and Respiratory Medicine, London Chest Hospital, UK. Shaida A M AM Kenyon G S GS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance physiology Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology physiology Nasal Obstruction physiopathology 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780041 10780040 2000 07 07 2000 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 1 2000 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Guidelines for nasal provocations with aspects on nasal patency, airflow, and airflow resistance. International Committee on Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airways, International Rhinologic Society. 1-6 Under the auspices of the International Rhinologic Society (IRS) there is an 'International Committee on Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airways'. In 1984 Rhinology published the Committee's recommendations regarding rhinomanometry (Clement, 1984). During the last Congresses of the European Rhinologic Society (ERS) a subcommittee within that committee has discussed nasal provocations and the value of measuring nasal patency, airflow and airflow resistance to evaluate such provocations. The following is an effort to a consensus of indications and techniques for nasal provocation and to a critical analysis of methods to measure the effects. Only the most known methods will be discussed, i.e. acoustic rhinometry, rhinostereometry, nasal peak airflow and rhinomanometry with its different techniques. For graded responses after provocations the use of such methods is of clinical value only in combination with scores from symptoms such as sneezes and secretion, as allergic rhinitis symptoms consist of obstruction, sneezing, itching and concomitant symptoms of the neighbouring organs. For research all methods can be recommended to be used and their respective value is depending on the specific scientific purposes. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Lars.Malm@oron.mas.lu.se Malm L L Gerth van Wijk R R Bachert C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Airway Resistance Humans Manometry Nasal Cavity Nasal Provocation Tests 2000 4 26 9 0 2000 7 15 11 0 2000 4 26 9 0 ppublish 10780040 10953850 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Unilateral choanal atresia. A possible indication for computer aided surgery? "A report of two cases". 93-5 Choanal atresia (CA) is a congenital obstruction of the posterior nose. Bilateral CA is a paediatric emergency and must be treated surgically in the first few weeks after birth. This is in contrast to unilateral CA, because surgical management can be planned more selectively. Transpalatinal surgery for CA is a safe procedure. The endonasal technique is minimally invasive and less traumatic; however, a major disadvantage is a limited field of vision. Computer aided surgery using images acquired by computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an application that has emerged in the last few years. This application provides an additional safety factor for endoscopic surgery to resolve choanal atresia, especially in cases of another malformation. We report results from two cases of unilateral CA who were surgically managed with Computer aided surgery. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. Caversaccio M M Häusler R R eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Choanal Atresia surgery Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Therapy, Computer-Assisted methods Tomography, X-Ray Computed Video-Assisted Surgery 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953850 10953849 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The disappeared disease: tuberculosis of the nasal septum. 90-2 Recent advances in chemotherapy have reduced the incidence of upper respiratory tract tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the nose is mainly by secondary infection to pulmonary tuberculosis via contagious, hematogenous or lymphatic routes. Primary infection of the nose is rare but possible when self-cleansing mechanism and lysosomal activity, of the nose is lost. A 45-year-old Korean woman with the chief complaints of nasal obstruction, crusting, and recurrent episodes of epistaxis is presented. Physical examination of the nose revealed friable, easily bleeding masses with crusts on both sides of the septum. The appearance and consistency of the lesions were different from those of nasal polyps. Chest and sinu X-rays revealed no active lesions. Tuberculin skin test was positive and the biopsied specimen proved to be consistent with tuberculosis. Her condition improved after anti-tuberculous medication for about 6 months. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Our Lady of Mercy Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Inchon, Korea. ent39825@unitel.co.kr Choi Y C YC Park Y S YS Jeon E J EJ Song S H SH eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antitubercular Agents IM Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use Diagnosis, Differential Epistaxis etiology Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Septum pathology Tuberculin Test Tuberculosis diagnosis drug therapy 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953849 10953848 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Acute candidiasis of the oro- and hypopharynx as the result of topical intranasal steroids administration. 87-9 Topical nasal steroids have become increasingly popular for the treatment of allergic and other types of rhinitis. However, undesirable local effects of intranasal steroids, such as nasal irritation and burning, crusting and epistaxis are quite common. Candidiasis of the pharyngeal mucosa is a complication, which has not been described so far after treatment of rhinitis with intranasal topical corticosteroids. Between March 1997 and September 1998, we managed to treat successfully three patients with acute erythematous candidiasis of the pharynx, which was the result of the use of intranasal topical steroids. Mechanism, clinical features of acute pharyngeal candidiasis, differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Venizelion General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Kyrmizakis D E DE Papadakis C E CE Lohuis P J PJ Manolarakis G G Karakostas E E Amanakis Z Z eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Steroids IM Administration, Intranasal Administration, Topical Adult Candidiasis chemically induced diagnosis Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Hypopharynx Immunocompetence Male Middle Aged Pharyngitis chemically induced Steroids administration & dosage adverse effects 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953848 10953847 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The technique of nasendoscopy in the evaluation of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. 83-6 Epiphora in infancy is most commonly the result of failure of canalisation of the nasolacrimal duct and most cases resolve spontaneously within 12 months. Lacrimal probing is the standard operative treatment when conservative expectant management fails. While this carries a high success rate, it does not reliably localise the site of obstruction, can create a false passage and may induce traumatic stenosis in the lacrimal passages. Nasendoscopy in conjunction with the lacrimal probing overcomes these problems as the procedure is performed under direct vision. The precise site of opening of the nasolacrimal duct is ascertained, the nature of obstruction established and the risks of false passage creation minimised. We report this technique of endoscopic assessment of lacrimal probing, and the outcome results of twenty such procedures performed on thirteen children. University Department of Otolaryngology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland. Ram B B Barras C W CW White P S PS MacEwen C J CJ Young J D JD eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child, Preschool Endoscopy methods Humans Lacrimal Apparatus anatomy & histology pathology Lacrimal Duct Obstruction congenital diagnosis etiology Nose anatomy & histology 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953847 10953846 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2008 11 21

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Impact of short-time nasal intubation on postoperative respiration. 79-82 Until now few data on postoperative nasal respiration after nasal intubation is known which is of special importance for surgery, where postoperative intermaxillary fixation is necessary. This study was planned to acquire information about nasal breathing during the first postoperative week. Twelve patients treated for mandibular retrognathism were examined repeatedly by way of anterior active rhinometry, acoustic rhinometry, and rhinoresistometry before and after surgery over one week. In addition the subjective evaluation was checked on a visual analogue scale. Following intubation, significant changes in "objective" and subjective measurements of nasal respiration could be noted only on the second postoperative day. Comparing rhinomanometric and subjective data, a correlation could be found on postoperative day two only. In this study group short-time nasal intubation had no significant impact on postoperative respiration. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Germany. hiet@medizin.uni-leipzig.de Hierl T T Dyrna A A Hemprich A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Intubation adverse effects Male Mandible surgery Maxilla surgery Postoperative Period Respiration Respiratory Physiological Phenomena 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953846 10953845 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2005 11 16

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A review of practical guidelines for correction of the deviated, asymmetric nose. 72-8 Repair of the twisted nose presents a challenge, as often functional problems as well as aesthetic deformities must be addressed. Traditional correction of the deviated nose involves septal correction, separation of both upper lateral cartilages from the septum and bony pyramid manipulation after osteotomies. Nowadays autogenous cartilage grafts are being used for repositioning, reinforcement, recontouring and reconstruction of virtually every component of the nasal skeleton. These restructuring techniques follow the modern principles mentioned above and may well be applied to the deviated asymmetric nose. The grafting manoeuvres increase the stability of the realigned cartilaginous nasal framework, including the nasal septum, but may also be used for camouflaging purposes. The large number of possible individual anatomic variations including facial asymmetry does call for a systematic approach based on succinct individualised analysis. Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Plastic Surgery Gooi Noord Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands. Vuyk H D HD eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bone Transplantation methods Facial Asymmetry surgery Female Humans Male Nasal Septum anatomy & histology surgery Nose abnormalities anatomy & histology surgery Rhinoplasty methods 38 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953845 10953844 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2007 11 14

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Bactrim reduces the inflammatory response in a murine model of acute rhinosinusitis. 68-71 To determine whether treatment with an antibiotic (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) reduced the inflammatory response in a murine form of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced rhinosinusitis. We randomized 18 C57BL/6 mice to either treatment with intraperitoneal trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, 30 mg/kg) or no treatment (control). After 2 days, we inoculated all C57BL/6 mice intranasally with a Bactrim-susceptible strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, ATCC 49619, suspended in Trypticase soy broth. At day 5 after bacterial inoculation, we sacrificed the mice and prepared histopathologic sections of their sinuses after culturing their nasal cavities by lavage. Animal care facility at a tertiary, academic institution. The histopathologic sections of the sinuses were examined in a blind manner for the percent of sinus cavity area occupied by neutrophil clusters, and for the number of neutrophils per square millimeter of sinus mucosa. The Bactrim group had a significantly smaller sinus area occupied by neutrophil clusters (1.58% +/- 1.13 vs 4.38% +/- 3.41; P < 0.05), significantly fewer neutrophils infiltrating the mucosa (58.81 +/- 29.63/mm2 vs 105.85 +/- 48.49/mm2; P < 0.05), and significantly less growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonies in the intranasal cultures (8 few and 1 moderate vs 3 few, 3 moderate, and 1 many; P = 0.05) compared to the control group. In our murine model of acute rhinosinusitis, Bactrim decreased the number of neutrophil clusters in the sinus cavities, the number of neutrophils infiltrating the sinus mucosa, and the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We propose that our murine model can be used for the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA. Won Y S YS Brichta A A Baroody F F Boonlayangoor S S Naclerio R R eng AI45583 AI NIAID NIH HHS United States DC02714 DC NIDCD NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 8064-90-2 Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination IM Animals Disease Models, Animal Inflammation drug therapy Leukocyte Count Mice Neutrophils Rhinitis drug therapy immunology microbiology Sinusitis drug therapy immunology microbiology Streptococcal Infections drug therapy microbiology Streptococcus pneumoniae growth & development Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination therapeutic use 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953844 10953843 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal pH and saccharin clearance are unrelated in the physiologically normal nose. 66-7 A group of 56 asymptomatic non-smoking men was prospectively recruited to study the relationship between nasal mucosal pH and saccharin clearance rate. No significant relationship was found between the two variables (Pearson correlation coefficient = -.105, p = 0.44). This finding suggests that in vivo mucociliary flow rates are resistant to change within the pH range of the physiologically normal nose. Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Bradford Royal Infirmary, W. Yorkshire, United Kingdom. England R J RJ Anthony R R Homer J J JJ Martin-Hirsch D P DP eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Male Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Mucosa metabolism physiology Rhinitis physiopathology Saccharin metabolism 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953843 10953842 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A prospective treatment trial of nasal polyps in adults with cystic fibrosis. 63-5 This is the first prospective, randomised, double-blind trial of the treatment of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis. We found that betamethasone nasal drops showed a statistically significant reduction in polyp size in comparison to placebo. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Hadfield P J PJ Rowe-Jones J M JM Mackay I S IS eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 378-44-9 Betamethasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Betamethasone therapeutic use Cystic Fibrosis complications Double-Blind Method Humans Nasal Polyps classification drug therapy etiology Prospective Studies Severity of Illness Index 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953842 10953841 2001 01 25 2001 01 26 2005 11 16

0300-0729 38 2 2000 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Packing and stents in endonasal surgery. 49-62 Nasal packing is used primarily to control bleeding in epistaxis and after surgical procedures to the nose such as septoplasty, turbinate and paranasal sinus surgery. It is also used for internal stabilisation after operations involving the cartilaginous-bony skeleton of the nose. Apart from haemostasis, packing is used to prevent synechiae or restenosis, particularly after surgery. Generally accepted standards regarding the materials which should be used for packing, how long the packing should be left in place or the indications for nasal packing are lacking (Egelund and Jeppessen, 1992; Hosemann, 1996; Weber et al., 1996b). For example, many authors do not use packing at all provided that there is no heavy bleeding during or after the operation. Of those who use packing, some remove it on the day of the operation, others up to 5 days postoperatively (for overview see Weber et al., 1996b). Most publications describe experience with packing materials developed or preferred by the authors. Results of comparative studies on the nature and duration of packing are listed in Table 1. The currently available materials are reviewed and their respective properties, indications and risks are outlined. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, Neck and Facial Plastic Surgery, Communication Disorders Hospital Fulda, Germany. rainer.weber@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de Weber R R Hochapfel F F Draf W W eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bandages adverse effects Epistaxis therapy Hemostatic Techniques Humans Nose surgery Postoperative Care Postoperative Hemorrhage therapy Rhinoplasty Risk Factors Shock, Septic etiology Stents 134 2000 8 23 11 0 2001 2 28 10 1 2000 8 23 11 0 ppublish 10953841 11190760 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2005 11 16

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx. 208-11 The basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a very rare and widely unknown malignant tumour of the upper aerodigestive tract. It is considered a particular variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but much more aggressive. A relatively little number of cases and clinical reports has been published since its first description in 1986 by Wain et al. Only five basaloid squamous cell carcinomas with location in the nasopharynx, where it seems to have a different biological behaviour, are mentioned in the international literature. We present a new case of BSCC with this location, referring to the pathologic and clinical aspects and to the respective literature. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany. Müller E E Beleites E E eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Biopsy, Needle Carcinoma, Basosquamous diagnosis pathology radiotherapy surgery Combined Modality Therapy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Aged Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms diagnosis pathology radiotherapy surgery Neoplasm Staging Treatment Outcome 21 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190760 11190759 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mucous cyst of the nasal dorsum. 206-7 The case of a 47-year-old patient with a nasal dorsum cyst excised via external rhinoplasty is described. The lesion was diagnosed as a mucous cyst. Only ten cases of mucous cysts on the nasal dorsum have been published to date, all having developed post rhinoplasty. To our knowledge, ours is the first case that is not associated with rhinoplasty. The external rhinoplasty approach permits better exposure and complete excision of the nasal dorsum masses, and offers good esthetic results. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Ergino@hotmail.com Tan Ergin N N Akkuzu B B eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cysts diagnosis surgery Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa radiography Nose Diseases diagnosis surgery Rhinoplasty methods Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190759 11190758 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2006 04 19

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A second primary intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract induced by wood dust. 204-5 Intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract is associated with exposure to wood dust. We report the case of an adenocarcinoma tumor of the left sinonasal area diagnosed in 1998. Nineteen years earlier (1979), an intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the right nasal cavity was diagnosed. The first tumor was treated in 1979 surgically followed by postoperative radiotherapy. The second tumor showed the same histological features as an intestinal type adenocarcinoma (papillary type). The patient had a history of a 10 year exposure to wood dust (furniture worker), and the latency time of this patient was 48 years in 1998. We suppose that the tumor of the left side is a second primary intestinal type adenocarcinoma. This case indicates the usefulness of a lifelong follow up of patients with adenocarcinoma of the nose because of the wide range of latency times of these tumors. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany. helmut.steinhart@hno.imed.uni-erlangen.de Steinhart H H Bohlender J J Pahl S S Steudel W I WI Iro H H eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust IM Adenocarcinoma diagnosis etiology surgery Aged Biopsy, Needle Dust adverse effects Follow-Up Studies Humans Intestinal Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Male Neoplasms, Second Primary diagnosis etiology surgery Nose Neoplasms diagnosis etiology surgery Occupational Exposure adverse effects Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Wood 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190758 11190757 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Fewer problems with dry nasal mucous membranes following local use of sesame oil. 200-3 Many people experience problems with a dry nasal mucous membrane, often without wondering why. Their noses itch and burn and dried mucus collects there. These problems are exacerbated during the winter, in air-conditioned environments and after nasal irradiation. Twenty patients experiencing problems with dryness of the nose were selected from outpatient clinics, together with twenty patients who had previously undergone nasal irradiation. During the first five days no treatment was administered. For the following twenty days the patients sprayed sesame oil into each nostril three times a day. For the last five days no treatment was given. When both groups received treatment and sprayed sesame oil (Nozoil) in their noses, the nasal problems decreased significantly. The greatest effect is exerted on dryness. The side effects from using this oil are few in number and mild. Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. thomas.bjork-eriksson@oncology.gu.se Björk-Eriksson T T Gunnarsson M M Holmström M M Nordqvist A A Petruson B B eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 8008-74-0 Sesame Oil IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aged Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects radiation effects secretion Nose Diseases diagnosis drug therapy etiology Sesame Oil administration & dosage Treatment Outcome 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190757 11190756 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology First experience with transnasal and transseptal endoscopic and microscopic repair of anterior skull base CSF fistulae. 195-9 Currently, endoscopic endonasal surgery is a valuable and safe procedure routinely performed for treatment of paranasal sinus disorders. Since the endoscopic technique has become popular in this area, interest has been increased in its possible use for some other indications such as transsphenoidal pituitary and anterior skull base surgery. In this paper, we present our experience in using the nasal endoscope for repair of anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae. Between 1994-1999, we observed 44 patients with CSF rhinorrhea. Out of 44 patients, 34 had improved with the conservative treatment in two weeks, in 10 patients endoscopic surgery was performed and in one patient endoscopic surgery failed and the defect was repaired with transsphenoidal microscopic surgery. The remaining 9 patients were doing well and no problem was encountered concerning the surgery. Sisli Etfal Hospital ENT Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey. suatturgut@yahoo.com Turgut S S Ercan I I Pinarci H H Beskonakli E E eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis etiology surgery Child Child, Preschool Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Microsurgery methods Middle Aged Nasal Cavity surgery Nasal Septum surgery Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190756 11190755 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2007 11 15

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Choanal atresia in premature dizygotic twins--a transnasal approach with Holmium:YAG-laser. 191-4 Twins born prematurely presented with choanal atresia and were successfully treated using a transnasal, endoscopically and microscopically controlled Ho:YAG-Laser assisted technique. One twin, who had bilateral choanal atresia was operated immediately, the other one, with unilateral choanal atresia, received surgery 8 months after birth. The rare feature of twins both suffering from choanal atresia and a technique for definitive treatment of this disease in premature neonates are presented and discussed. This report of dizygotic twins with nonsyndromal choanal atresia suggests the possibility of an autosomal recessive inheritance with various penetration or an undefined teratogenic etiologic factor. ENT-Department, Kantonsspital Liestal, Switzerland. Meer A A Tschopp K K eng Case Reports Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7440-60-0 Holmium IM Choanal Atresia radiography surgery Follow-Up Studies Holmium pharmacology Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Laser Therapy methods Male Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Twins, Dizygotic 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190755 11190754 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A randomized controlled trial showing efficacy of once daily intranasal budesonide in nasal polyposis. 185-90 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to assess the efficacy of once daily budesonide in patients with nasal polyps. After a 2-week run-in period, 157 patients with symptomatic bilateral nasal polyposis were randomized to receive budesonide, 140 micrograms once or twice daily or 280 micrograms once daily (delivered doses) via Turbuhaler, or placebo for 8 weeks. Polyp size was assessed endoscopically and, in two centres, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nasal symptoms (blocked nose, runny nose, sneezing) were recorded daily, and patients provided an overall assessment of efficacy at the end of the study. Budesonide, 280 micrograms/day (280 micrograms o.d. and 140 micrograms twice daily), significantly reduced polyp size, compared with placebo, whereas budesonide, 140 micrograms once daily, had no significant effect. Nasal polyp mass score, measured by MRI, was also significantly reduced in patients receiving 280 micrograms/day. All three doses of budesonide significantly reduced symptom scores, and there were no significant differences between the groups. Overall, approximately 70% of patients receiving budesonide, 280 micrograms/day, reported substantial or total control of symptoms, compared with 45% of placebo-treated patients. It is concluded that budesonide, 280 micrograms once daily, reduces polyp size and relieves symptoms in patients with nasal polyposis. Clinica ORL/Policlinico Umberto I, Università La Sapienza-Roma, Rome, Italy. Filiaci F F Passali D D Puxeddu R R Schrewelius C C eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Budesonide administration & dosage Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Drug Administration Schedule Female Follow-Up Studies Glucocorticoids Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps diagnosis drug therapy Reference Values Treatment Outcome 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190754 11190753 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal obstruction in the adult: is CT scan of the sinuses necessary? 181-4 To determine whether CT (computerized tomography) scan of the paranasal sinuses is essential in the diagnosis and medical/surgical management of nasal obstruction. One hundred thirteen adult patients with nasal obstruction but without signs of sinusitis who underwent CT examination prior to surgery, were included in the study. Fifty seven percent of the CT scans revealed a variety of abnormal findings. Of the patients with an abnormal CT scan, surgical planning had to be altered in 16 patients due to significant abnormalities found on the CT scans. We conclude that CT scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses is an effective presurgical planning tool in patients with nasal obstruction. Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Berenholz L L Kessler A A Lapinsky J J Segal S S Shlamkovitch N N eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction diagnosis radiography surgery Paranasal Sinuses radiography Preoperative Care methods Sensitivity and Specificity Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods utilization 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190753 11190752 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Pott's puffy tumor treated by endoscopic frontal sinusotomy. 177-80 Pott's puffy tumor is a serious extracranial complication of frontal sinusitis. The formation of this entity is facilitated by the close anatomic relationship between the paranasal sinuses and the frontal bone. Furthermore, the rich diploic venous drainage of the region enhances the spread of the infection. We report on successful functional endoscopic frontal sinusotomy in a series of four cases of Pott's puffy tumor following acute frontal sinusitis, between the years 1994 and 1997. We emphasize the advantages of this approach over the external approaches as follows: the technique treats the causative source of the disease, the morbidity is low, and it avoids facial cosmetic trauma and sequela. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. Deutsch E E Hevron I I Eilon A A eng Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess etiology radiography surgery Adolescent Adult Child Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Frontal Sinus radiography surgery Frontal Sinusitis complications radiography surgery Humans Male Nasal Bone physiopathology surgery Nose Diseases etiology radiography surgery Retrospective Studies Staphylococcal Infections etiology radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190752 11190751 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Forced expiration through the nose is a stimulus for NANIPER but not for controls. 172-6 Is forced expiration through the nose a mechanical stimulus to which patients with nasal hyperreactivity react? Do parameters, such as peak nasal expiratory flow rate (PNEF), influence nasal airway resistance (NAR) in these patients? NAR, mucus production and sneezing were measured on 2 occasions two weeks apart. Measurements were conducted before and during a period of 10 minutes after 3 repeated PNEFs in 15 non-allergic non-infectious perennial rhinitis (NANIPER) patients suffering from nasal hyperreactivity, and in 15 controls. In NANIPER versus controls PNEF measurements attributed to a statistically significant increase in NAR. The main effect was within the first minute after stimulus, suggesting a neuronal mechanism. Mucus secretions and sneezing were hardly present. PNEF (highest of 3) and bronchial peak expiratory flow rate (BpEFR) are lower in NANIPER than controls but are correlated. Impaired bronchial capacity is likely to influence PNEF, resulting in a lower decrease of nasal patency. PNEF depends on BpEFR and is an adequate mechanical stimulus for NANIPER patients, but not for non-rhinitic controls, resulting in a brief increase in NAR. Department of Ear-, Nose- and Throat Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. boon@kno.fgg.eur.nl Braat J P JP Fokkens W J WJ Mulder P G PG Kianmaneshrad N N Rijntjes E E Gerth van Wijk R R eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Forced Expiratory Volume Humans Hypersensitivity diagnosis Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa physiology Nasal Provocation Tests Probability Pulmonary Gas Exchange Reference Values Respiratory Function Tests Respiratory Mechanics physiology Rhinitis diagnosis Statistics, Nonparametric 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190751 11190750 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Humidity and temperature profile in the nasal cavity. 167-71 Adequate air conditioning in the nasal airways is mandatory for respiration and gas exchange in the lower respiratory tract. The aim of the present study was to measure relative humidity and temperature in the airstream at different sites within the nasal cavity for mapping of relative humidity and temperature in the upper airways. Intranasal relative humidity and temperature of 23 volunteers was measured during respiration at different locations in the nasal cavity. The end-inspiratory temperature and humidity data, obtained with a miniaturized thermocouple and a capacitive humidity sensor, were determined. A high increase of humidity and temperature at the end of inspiration, in relation to the environmental conditions, was found in the anterior nasal segment. The further increase of both parameters between turbinate area and nasopharynx was less pronounced in spite of the longer distance. The anterior part of the nasal cavity contributes within a short nasal passage to air conditioning of inspired air. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. tilman.keck@medizin.uni-ulm.de Keck T T Leiacker R R Heinrich A A Kühnemann S S Rettinger G G eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Body Temperature Female Humans Humidity Male Nasal Cavity physiology Otolaryngology instrumentation Reference Values Respiratory Mechanics physiology Sensitivity and Specificity 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190750 11190749 2001 01 15 2001 03 08 2007 11 15

0300-0729 38 4 2000 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of inferior turbinate pathology: a review and critical evaluation of the different techniques. 157-66 At least 13 surgical techniques have been used over the past 130 years to treat hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate. These methods are reviewed and critically analyzed in this article. Our review of the literature revealed a serious lack of qualified studies. Research meeting the criteria for a prospective comparative randomized surgical study is extremely rare. In our opinion, the purpose of surgically reducing the inferior turbinates should be to diminish complaints while preserving function. From that perspective, it seems that electrocautery, chemocautery, (subtotal) turbinectomy, cryosurgery, and laser surface surgery should not be used, as these techniques are too destructive. Intratubinal turbinate reduction (intraturbinal turbinoplasty) would seem to be the method of choice. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands. Hol M K MK Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article Review

Netherlands Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Electrocoagulation methods Female Humans Hypertrophy pathology surgery Laser Therapy methods Male Nasal Cavity physiopathology Sensitivity and Specificity Treatment Outcome Turbinates pathology surgery 141 2001 2 24 12 0 2001 3 10 10 1 2001 2 24 12 0 ppublish 11190749 10567989 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2010 11 18

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Prospective randomized investigation for evaluation of postoperative changes in the microbial climate of paranasal mucosa by the use of different dissoluting techniques during postoperative care. 113-6 Endonasal dissolution by the use of NaCl-solution is a common postoperative treatment of the nasal mucosa after endonasal surgery. These procedure involve for example endonasal shower and sterilized solutions. The contamination of nasal shower in case of unprofessional cleaning after treatment was an argument against this technique in earlier discussions. The danger of such an infection should be avoided by the use of sterilized solution. Therefore the dependence of nasal microbial climate on different nasal dissoluting techniques was investigated by the use of such named endonasal shower (Siemens und Co, Bad Ems, Germany) in comparison with sterilized solution (Rhinomer, Zyma SA, Nyon, France). Microbial cultures were investigated of 80 patients after endonasal surgery (53 m, 27 f; 31 +/- 21 age). Surgery was done for the treatment of chronic polypous sinusitis. Pre-, intra- and postoperative samples were taken in 640 cases to proceed microbial cultures. Material was transferred with the use of a Port-A-Cul-transport medium and preparation of the microbial cultures was done during the first four hours. As a result 895 bacterial clones were cultivated. These consisted of 87% aerob and 13% anaerob bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (39%) and members of the family of Enterobactericae (30%) were the most common microbes. There was neither an evidence for postoperative microbes on the nasal mucosa nor a correlation between the dissoluting technique and the postoperative outcome. The use of sterilized solutions for the postoperative care of endonasal mucosa does not cause an additional worthful effect on neither the postoperative microbial climate nor the outcome in comparison to endonasal shower. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Germany. Maune S S Johannssen V V Sahly H H Werner J A JA Salhy H H eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride IM Rhinology 1999 Dec;37(4):192 Salhy H [corrected to Sahly H] Adolescent Adult Child Colony Count, Microbial Equipment Contamination prevention & control Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid microbiology Nasal Mucosa drug effects microbiology Nasal Polyps surgery Postoperative Care instrumentation methods Prospective Studies Reference Values Rhinitis diagnosis surgery Sodium Chloride standards Sterilization Therapeutic Irrigation Treatment Outcome 1999 11 24 9 0 2000 3 25 9 0 1999 11 24 9 0 ppublish 10567989 10567997 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Acoustic rhinometry optimised for infants. 141-2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ullevål University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway. per.djupesland@ioks.uio.no Djupesland P G PG eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Apnea etiology Female Humans Infant Male Nasal Obstruction complications diagnosis Otolaryngology methods Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Sudden Infant Death etiology 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567997 10567996 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2007 11 15

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comment on the position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology on allergen immunotherapy. 139-40 Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Scadding G K GK eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Allergy and Immunology standards trends Desensitization, Immunologic methods Europe Guidelines as Topic Humans Hypersensitivity immunology therapy 5 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567996 10567995 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Metastatic calciumphosphate deposition in the membranous nasal septum in end-stage renal disease. 136-8 Metastatic calciumphosphate depositions are a well known complication of end-stage renal disease. Numerous localisations for metastatic calcification have been described. A patient with a sub-acute swelling of the membranous nasal septum, caused by calciumphosphate depositions is presented. This is the first report of this particular localisation of metastatic calcification in end-stage renal disease. Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ajf.beerens@azvu.nl Beerens A J AJ Stel H V HV Middelweerd M J MJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Calcium Phosphates IM Adult Calcinosis etiology pathology surgery Calcium Phosphates Follow-Up Studies Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic complications therapy Male Nasal Obstruction etiology pathology surgery Nasal Septum pathology surgery Renal Dialysis Treatment Outcome 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567995 10567994 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Inferior concha bullosa--a radiological and clinical rarity. 133-5 Two cases of inferior concha bullosa (ICB) are reported. The condition was bilateral in one patient and unilateral in the other. Unilateral ICB was associated with marked septal deviation. The diagnosis was made in patients being investigated for chronic rhinosinusitis. ICB is diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses in the coronal plane. It may also be seen in axial views. King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Dawlaty E E EE eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 2001 Jun;39(2):118 11486438 Adult Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction complications therapy Nasal Septum pathology radiography Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis etiology therapy Rhinitis etiology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Turbinates pathology radiography 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567994 10567993 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Vestibular closure with a silastic obturator--an alternative to Young's procedure in bleeding diathesis. 131-2 Epistaxis is a common and difficult problem to manage in patients with bleeding disorders. We present a case of recurrent epistaxis in a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (a platelet disorder) and describe a non-invasive but effective method of closing the nasal vestibule using a silastic obturator thus preventing the drying effects of airflow on the nasal mucosa which may precipitate epistaxis in patients with a bleeding diathesis. University Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK. Lobo C J CJ Hartley C C Farrington W T WT eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bernard-Soulier Syndrome complications Epistaxis etiology therapy Humans Male Nose Prostheses and Implants Prosthesis Design Recurrence Treatment Outcome 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567993 10567992 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Characteristics of atrophic rhinitis in Thai patients at the Siriraj Hospital. 125-30 The common characteristics of primary atrophic rhinitis were studied in 46 Thai patients. From history and demographic data the female to male ratio was found to be 5.6 to 1. The significance of environmental factors was supported by the findings that 69.6% were people from rural areas and 43.5% were industrial workers but a hereditary factor has not been confirmed. The results of the blood tests did not elucidate iron deficiency anemia or nutritional deficiency as the cause of primary atrophic rhinitis. However, all nasal swab cultures yielded pathogenic organisms where Klebsiella species especially, K. ozaena, were the most common bacteria isolated which were 100% susceptible to cephalosporins. This finding together with the evidence of sinusitis seen in 58.7% of either plain x-rays or CT scans, was suggestive of the important role of infection in atrophic rhinitis. Atrophic change of the mucosa and bone with widening of the nasal cavity were constant findings in the CT scans but the developmental anomaly of the maxillary antrum was found in only 15.2%. The histological study showed characteristic changes especially squamous metaplasia and 80% of the cases were compatible with the Type II histopathological classification, i.e. vasodilatation of the capillaries. The mucociliary function was proven to be impaired in accordance with the loss of cilia. The evidence of Type I allergy demonstrated by skin testing, which was obvious in 85%, is highly suggestive of allergic/immunologic disorders. Although many factors have been cited previously as the possible cause of primary atrophic rhinitis, the common characteristics found in our patients indicate that only bacterial infection, environmental factors and allergic/immunologic disorders could be one or more of its multifactorial etiology and should be further investigated. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Bunnag C C Jareoncharsri P P Tansuriyawong P P Bhothisuwan W W Chantarakul N N eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Atrophy epidemiology pathology Female Hospitals, Urban Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Rhinitis diagnosis epidemiology pathology Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Sex Distribution Thailand epidemiology 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567992 10567991 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology McCune-Albright syndrome with fibrous dysplasia of the paranasal sinuses. 122-4 We report a 19-year old female patient with the McCune-Albright syndrome, which is a rare disease consisting of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD) of bone associated with brown pigmented areas of the skin and several endocrine dysfunctions. The patient had FD involving the paranasal sinuses, the middle turbinate and the skull. The endocrine dysfunction of the patient concerns both growth hormone and prolactin hypersecretion. Because the patient had no major symptoms, neither surgical nor medical treatment was applied. Five-year follow-up revealed no complication and enlargement of the lesion. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey. KBB@aix.trakya.edu.tr Uzun C C Adali M K MK Koten M M Karasalihoglu A R AR eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Disease Progression Female Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic diagnosis Follow-Up Studies Humans Paranasal Sinuses radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567991 10567990 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. 117-21 From 1978 to 1992, 66 patients (32 women and 34 men) were treated for carcinoma of the nasal vestibule at Odense University Hospital. The treatment was radiotherapy (41 patients), surgery (13 patients) or a combination of the two modalities (12 patients). Twenty-one patients (32%) developed recurrence. Of these, 17 (81%) were diagnosed within the first two years of follow up. The recurrence rate was found to be correlated to the anatomic site of the tumour-origin; septal site of origin meant higher risk of recurrence. Five-year disease specific and crude survival of all patients were 87.0% and 58.5%, respectively. Several variables (sex, age, anatomic site of origin, Wang-classification, tumour volume and regional lymphnode metastases at time of diagnosis) were evaluated as possible prognostic indicators. In univariate analysis, regional lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis and anatomic site of origin of the tumour showed a significant influence on survival. In multivariate analysis, septal origin of primary tumour was a significant, independent predictive factor of recurrence and the presence of lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis showed to be a highly significant prognosticator of both disease specific and crude survival (p < 0.0001). We conclude that patients with primary lymph node metastases and septal location of primary tumour need intensive primary treatment and close follow up. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. Horsmans J D JD Godballe C C Jørgensen K E KE Bastholt L L Løntoft E E eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis of Variance Carcinoma, Squamous Cell diagnosis mortality therapy Combined Modality Therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Nasal Cavity pathology Nose Neoplasms diagnosis mortality therapy Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis Survival Rate Treatment Outcome 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567990 10567988 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Wound healing of mucosal autografts for frontal cerebrospinal fluid leaks--clinical and experimental investigations. 108-12 Wigand introduced in 1981 the concept of applying autogenous free mucosal grafts for small to middle-sized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the frontal skull base. This operative technique has proved to be successful in clinical use. However, the details of wound healing of the free graft and the host area of the skull base are largely unknown. We conducted a series of animal experiments using 21 rabbits. Standardized CSF leaks of the frontal skull base were created and then closed using free autogenous grafts from the nasal septum. Twenty specimens could be evaluated after different postoperative time intervals by means of conventional microscopy of histological serial sections. In addition, we carried out a small series of special clinical postoperative observations following routine sinus surgery for polypoid mucositis on our patients, applying free mucosal autografts to the intact frontal skull base. The autogenous free mucosal transplants underwent a rapid process of histological remodelling. All grafts showed a reduction in size of about 1/5. The respiratory epithelia mostly disappeared postoperatively. The main histological feature consisted of a fibrous transformation of the graft, starting 8 days postoperatively. The presented experiments and observations lay the foundation for optimizing the operative technique and the postoperative care of our patients suffering from CSF leaks. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg Hospital, Germany. werner.hosemann@klinik.uni-regensburg.de Hosemann W W Goede U U Sauer M M eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis surgery Disease Models, Animal Endoscopy methods Frontal Sinus pathology surgery Graft Survival Humans Nasal Mucosa transplantation Rabbits Transplantation, Autologous Treatment Outcome Wound Healing physiology 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567988 10567987 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effects of saline-induced edema in the human nasal mucosa on laser Doppler flowmetry. 104-7 The nasal mucosa on the anteromedial surface of the inferior turbinate was studied with laser Doppler flowmetry in ten patients who were under general anaesthesia. A specially designed adapter was used, which held an injection needle with a diameter of 0.4 mm in a fixed position to the tip of the probe. The tip of the needle was inserted to a depth of 0.7 mm below the surface of the mucosa, while the tip of the probe was held at a distance of 0.3 mm from the mucosa. The laser Doppler parameters of perfusion, concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC) and velocity were recorded before and after the injection of 0.8 ml saline, thus inducing an experimental edema. After the injection no change in perfusion was detected but CMBC decreased and velocity increased. The findings agreed with the view that an increase in mucosal edema would reduce CMBC. When studying unanaesthesised subjects we normally use both rhinostereometry and laser Doppler flowmetry. It is then possible to measure the degree of mucosal congestion and micro circulation simultaneously, thus permitting study of the effects of a change in interstitial fluid content on mucosal congestion. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Grudemo H H Juto J E JE eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride IM Edema chemically induced Humans Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Nasal Mucosa blood supply Reference Values Regional Blood Flow Sensitivity and Specificity Sodium Chloride Statistics, Nonparametric 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567987 10567986 1999 12 07 1999 12 07 2005 11 16

0300-0729 37 3 1999 Sep Rhinology Rhinology An update on the pathophysiology of rhinovirus upper respiratory tract infections. 97-103 Upper respiratory tract infections are one of the most common infectious diseases in man and are characterized by relatively mild symptoms. However, complications of bacterial super-infection or asthma exacerbations are not seldomly seen. Most upper respiratory tract infections are caused by rhinoviruses. The rhinovirus is a non-enveloped 30 nm RNA-virus with over 100 serotypes that belongs to the Picornaviridae family and only replicates in primates. It is characterized by a single positive stranded genome acting not only as a template for RNA synthesis, but also encoding for a single polypeptide necessary for viral replication. The viral capsid has an icosahedral symmetry and demonstrates deep canyons, with a receptor-binding domain. Rhinoviruses are transmitted mainly via direct- or indirect contact with infected secretions and invade their host by binding to the ICAM-1 receptor on the nasal epithelium. Typical for rhinovirus upper respiratory tract infections are isolated scattered foci of infected epithelium, not showing any striking damage or cytopathic alterations, between large areas of normal epithelium. Today there is still little detailed knowledge on the pathophysiology of common cold, especially on the aspect of cellular migration and defense. A better understanding in mechanisms underlying this cellular response would not only have therapeutical consequences, but may also explain the relationship between viral infectious rhinitis and asthma or atopy. During a rhinovirus infection, a selective neutrophil and monocyte recruitment is observed. In vitro and in vivo data have demonstrated a time-limited, rhinovirus-induced increase in bradykinin, cytokine, chemokine and sICAM-1 concentrations. Epithelial derived proinflammatory cytokines initiate an adhesion cascade and activate T lymphocytes that create a TH1-type cytokine environment within the infected tissue, necessary to eradicate the virus infection. The selective recruitment of neutrophils seems linked to increased concentrations of the chemokine IL-8 and common cold symptoms. It is doubtful that the cytokine-regulated-production of specific neutralising immunoglobulins is necessary for recovery from viral illnesses and presumably only contributes to a late and temporary protection against rhinovirus reinfection. These observations confirm the crucial role that cytokines and mediators play in the pathogenesis of a rhinovirus infection by mediating chemotaxis, transmigration and activation of inflammatory- and immunocompetent cells. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Ghent, Belgium. van Kempen M M Bachert C C Van Cauwenberge P P eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Cytokines IM Animals Common Cold diagnosis immunology Cytokines metabolism Female Humans Male Respiratory Tract Infections immunology physiopathology virology Rhinovirus classification 74 1999 11 24 1999 11 24 0 1 1999 11 24 0 0 ppublish 10567986 10391775 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Infant with epistaxis painted in the 1320s by Simone Martini. 46 Pirsig W W eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q Epistaxis history Famous Persons History, 16th Century History, Medieval Humans Infant Italy Medicine in Art Paintings history Martini S S 1999 7 3 1999 7 3 0 1 1999 7 3 0 0 ppublish 10391775 10229983 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Giant rhinophyma--a case report. 43-5 Rhinophyma is an uncommon condition that often results in both functional and cosmetic impairment. A 65-year old male with a huge rhinophyma, that had extremely grown in the last three years, is presented. The huge tumor was removed under local anaesthesia with electrosurgical knife preserving the alar cartilage. Both, the immediate and late result were satisfactory. The relevant literature is discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Hospital Split, Croatia. Racić G G Gluncić I I Tomić S S Petric S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Electrosurgery methods Esthetics Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Rhinophyma diagnosis surgery Severity of Illness Index Treatment Outcome 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229983 10229982 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2005 12 05

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Fracture of the anterior nasal spine. 40-2 A case of sports-related fracture of the anterior nasal spine in a 18-year-old male is presented. This is actually the third case reported in the literature, and the first in which a combined fracture of the nasal septum is described. A group of signs and symptoms was proposed as the main clinical features of this situation. Fracture of the anterior nasal spine should be considered in the differential diagnosis of injuries involving the midface. Department of Otolaryngology, Egas Moniz Universitary Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. Escada P P Penha R S RS eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Follow-Up Studies Fracture Fixation methods Fractures, Cartilage diagnosis etiology surgery Humans Male Nasal Septum injuries Soccer injuries Treatment Outcome 15 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229982 10229981 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Mucocele in an orbitoethmoidal (Haller's) cell (accidentally combined with acute contralateral dacryocystitis). 37-9 Haller's cells--according to recent terminology now called orbitoethmoidal cells (OEC)--are defined as anterior or posterior ethmoidal cells that have developed into the orbital floor. They can be excessively pneumatized and thus contribute to obstruction of the ostiomeatal complex area. We present the case of a 42 year old white male, who was admitted for treatment of an acute dacryocystitis on the right side. The CT scan revealed moderate sinusitis of the right ethmoid and maxillary sinuses and coincidentally a mucocele in an OEC on the left side. An endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy on the right and a revision of the mucocele on the left side were performed in the same sitting. We consider both indications--stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct as well as mucoceles rewarding indications for endoscopic surgery. An external approach to the nasolacrimal duct in this case would have been problematic, as the external skin and soft tissue covering the duct already showed severe inflammatory changes. The operation of the up until that time asymptomatic mucocele was of prophylactic character. To our knowledge this is the first report of a mucocele developing in an OEC in the literature. University Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, University of Graz, Austria. Luxenberger W W Anderhuber W W Stammberger H H eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adult Dacryocystitis complications diagnosis surgery Endoscopy methods Ethmoid Sinus cytology pathology Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Mucocele complications pathology surgery Orbit cytology pathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229981 10229980 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. 33-6 The surgical management of Cerebro-spinal Fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea has been modified these last years due to the improvement of endoscopic sinus surgery techniques allowing the treatment of selective dural tears by the endonasal route. Over a period of 6 years, 27 patients with CSF rhinorrhea were operated on by the endonasal approach under optical guidance. CSF rhinorrhea was due, in 20 cases, to surgical iatrogenic trauma, in 4 cases to head injury, and in 1 case it was secondary to a conservative medical treatment of a pituitary adenoma. In 2 cases the cause was unknown. The average follow-up in this series was 24.7 months. The technique used was successful in 22 patients (81.5%). Considering these results and others reported in the literature, we think the use of the endonasal approach with optical guidance should always be considered as a valuable alternative to open surgery and should be discussed in all cases of CSF rhinorrhea with neurosurgeons. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France. Castillo L L Jaklis A A Paquis P P Haddad A A Santini J J eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea etiology surgery Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Treatment Outcome 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229980 10229979 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2010 11 18

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal douching as a valuable adjunct in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. 29-32 The effect of nasal douching in 40 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis was tested, and two different preparations compared: 19 receiving traditional alkaline nasal douche and 21 receiving a sterile sea water spray, in addition to their regular treatment. Douching per se improved endoscopic appearances (p = .009), and quality of life scores (p = .008). These measures did not change in a control group (n = 22) who received standard treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, but no douche. There were significant differences between the two douching preparations in that the alkaline nasal douche improved endoscopic appearances but not quality of life, whereas the opposite was true for the spray. Rhinology Department, Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital, London, UK. Taccariello M M Parikh A A Darby Y Y Scadding G G eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology Quality of Life Sinusitis diagnosis therapy Statistics, Nonparametric Therapeutic Irrigation methods Treatment Outcome 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229979 10229978 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Measurement of olfactory threshold using an evoked potential technique. 25-8 A new device introducing brief pulses of odorised air synchronous with the inspiration of the test subject was developed. Responses to skatole were distinguishable as an evoked response by using the superimposition technique before averaging. The olfactory threshold measured by the chemosensory event-related potentials to olfactory stimulations according to our ascending method was found E-2 or E-1 and was equal to the detection olfactory threshold in each of the eight normal test subjects. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Chiba, Japan. Wada M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Electric Stimulation instrumentation Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory Humans Olfactory Nerve physiology Sensitivity and Specificity Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229978 10229977 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Functional anatomy of the premaxillary area. 21-4 Although the gross anatomy of the nasal septum is well-understood, the exact anatomy of its ventrocaudal or premaxillary area is not. More precisely, there is some confusion about the course of the perichondrial and periosteal fibers in this particular region. This paper considers the detailed anatomy of the chondro-spinal and chondro-premaxillary junction. Six cadaver noses were sectioned in the coronal (n = 4) or the transverse (n = 2) plane. The sections were stained according to the Mallory-Cason and the Haematoxylin-Eosine method and examined by light microscopy. At the chondrospinal junction a relatively wide suture line filled with loose connective tissue fibers was found. The caudal margin of the cartilaginous septum is flanked by paraseptal cartilages. These broaden the septal base to fit onto the flat cranial surface of the anterior nasal spine. At the chondro-premaxillary junction a narrow suture with several crossing fibers between the perichondrium and periosteum was seen. Paraseptal cartilages, surrounded by their own perichondrium, cover the periphery of this area. It was concluded that the chondro-spinal junction provides stabilization while allowing some mobility of the septum, whereas the chondro-premaxillary complex stabilizes the septum without allowing mobility. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Hafkamp H C HC Bruintjes T D TD Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cadaver Humans Maxillary Sinus anatomy & histology Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Nasal Septum anatomy & histology Sensitivity and Specificity 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229977 10229976 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Detection of activated eosinophils in nasal polyps of an aspirin-induced asthma patient. 16-20 Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) is frequently accompanied by nasal polyps. Eosinophil infiltration is a characteristic feature of nasal polyps associated with AIA. Even though steroids are well known to be effective on managing AIA and its nasal polyps, histochemical examinations after steroid therapy and at recurrence, involving eosinophil infiltration of nasal polyps, have been less studied. To know the histochemical effects of steroid treatment on eosinophil accumulation in nasal polyps of AIA and the histochemical feature of a recurring polyp and to detect distributional differences between storage and secreted forms of eosinophil cationic proteins, we carried out immunocytochemical labelling with antibodies against EGI (recognizing resting and activated eosinophils) and EG2 (recognizing only activated eosinophils), and determined eosinophil infiltration in nasal polyps that were obtained before and after steroid treatment, and at recurrence of polyps. A large number of eosinophils in AIA polyps were found before steroid treatment and at recurrence, and they were predominantly composed of activated eosinophils (EG2-positive). In contrast, eosinophil infiltration was rare in polyps obtained immediately after steroid treatment. This finding suggests that eosinophil infiltration may be associated with nasal polyp formation in AIA, and that activation of eosinophils plays an important role in accumulation of eosinophils and polyp formation beginning with the initial stage. Department of Otolaryngology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan. Ogata Y Y Okinaka Y Y Takahashi M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenal Cortex Hormones 50-78-2 Aspirin IM Adrenal Cortex Hormones administration & dosage Aspirin adverse effects Asthma chemically induced drug therapy immunology Biopsy, Needle Eosinophilia etiology pathology Eosinophils pathology Follow-Up Studies Humans Immunohistochemistry Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa cytology Nasal Polyps etiology pathology surgery Recurrence 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229976 10229975 1999 06 30 1999 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 1 1999 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Obliteration of the frontal sinus--state of the art and reflections on new materials. 1-15 Despite increasing advances in endonasal frontal sinus surgery, obliteration of the frontal sinus is necessary in some cases for definitive clearing frontal sinus pathology. Reviewing the literature and considering pathophysiological aspects, successful obliteration of the frontal sinus depends on the complete removal of the mucosa and a sufficient closure of the nasofrontal duct, but not on the material used for obliteration, if special considerations are taken into account and foreign materials are avoided. Complete removal of the mucosa has to include removal of the inner bony cortex of the frontal bone. Occlusion of the nasofrontal duct is achieved with a sufficiently fixed fibrous layer. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, Neck and Facial Plastic Surgery, Communication Disorders, Hospital Fulda, Germany. Weber R R Draf W W Kahle G G Kind M M eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adipose Tissue pathology surgery Animals Cats Chronic Disease Female Frontal Bone pathology surgery Frontal Sinus pathology surgery Frontal Sinusitis diagnosis surgery Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis surgery Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Sensitivity and Specificity 149 1999 5 7 1999 5 7 0 1 1999 5 7 0 0 ppublish 10229975 10416258 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presenting as a nasal septal perforation. 93-5 Patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and those with AIDS may present with many head and neck manifestations. We report a case of an undiagnosed HIV positive male who presented with symptoms due to a nasal septal perforation, and rapidly developed AIDS. The histopathology of the perforation margins revealed active chronic inflammation with no evidence of neoplasia or granuloma. No viral or fungal infection was demonstrable on immunological testing and fungal stain. This is the first reported case of a patient developing AIDS presenting with a nasal septal perforation. Department of ENT Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, UK. Rejali S D SD Simo R R Saeed A M AM de Carpentier J J eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM X Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications diagnosis Adult Biopsy Diagnosis, Differential Endoscopy Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Nasal Obstruction etiology Nasal Septum pathology Nose Diseases complications diagnosis Rupture, Spontaneous 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416258 10416257 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2005 11 17

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Concha bullosa pyocele--undiagnosed for 3 years. 90-2 We report a rare case of post-traumatic concha bullosa pyocele in a diabetic teenager that has gone undiagnosed for 3 years. The clinical findings, radiological features and management are discussed. The literature is reviewed. King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Dawlatly E E EE Telmesani L M LM eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Adolescent Anti-Bacterial Agents Diabetes Complications Drug Therapy, Combination administration & dosage Empyema diagnosis drug therapy etiology Follow-Up Studies Humans Klebsiella Infections diagnosis microbiology Male Mucocele microbiology radiography Nasal Bone injuries Nasal Obstruction etiology Paranasal Sinus Diseases microbiology radiography Treatment Outcome 7 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416257 10416256 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A reliable absorbable intranasal bolster for proper maintenance of fractured nasal bone position. 88-9 The maintenance of comminuted or otherwise unstable nasal bones in proper position following adequate operative reduction, may, on occasion, be a frustrating experience for both the patient and the surgeon. Migration of the fragments may compromise the aesthetic and functional results of well executed corrective nasal surgery. In this article, we will outline our successful, inexpensive approach to this occasionally challenging problem utilising an absorbable intranasal customised Surgicel bolster. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas, South Western Medical Center, Dallas, USA. Ducic Y Y Hilger P A PA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Equipment Design Equipment Safety Female Fracture Fixation instrumentation methods Fracture Healing physiology Fractures, Comminuted surgery Humans Male Nasal Bone injuries surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired prevention & control Rhinoplasty instrumentation Skull Fractures surgery Surgical Instruments 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416256 10416255 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Negative pressure suction in nasal septum surgery. 86-7 Operations for the correction of septal deviations are among the most common in otorhinolaryngology. Several approaches and techniques have been proposed, for securing the mucoperichondrial flap back in place. A new method of stabilizing the septum by applying a negative pressure suction tube, without the insertion of any kind of packing, is described. The advantages of the negative pressure suction are that the patient can breathe through the nose immediately after the operation, there is no pressure sensation and the pain, if any, is reduced, there is no epiphora, no skin edema and the patient feels very comfortable. Risks for complications are minimal. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece. Skoulakis C E CE Papadakis C E CE Manios A G AG Prokopakis E P EP Nikolidakis A A AA Velegrakis G A GA Helidonis E S ES eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Equipment Design Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Pressure Rhinoplasty instrumentation methods Suction instrumentation methods Treatment Outcome 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416255 10416254 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Experiences with endonasal surgery in angiofibroma. 80-5 Surgery is the most common treatment for angiofibromas, but the approach is still a major point of discussion. Five cases of angiofibroma with typical localisation were treated surgically by an endonasal approach at the Fulda Academic Teaching Hospital from 1994 to 1997. This article presents an analysis of the clinical findings, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, preoperative embolization, operative technique and complications. Endoscopic and radiologic follow-up ranging from 5 to 39 months excluded any residual tumour or recurrence. The endonasal microendoscopic approach with adequate preoperative embolization should be considered as an useful technique for removing tumours with considerable size without using an external incision. Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Head, Neck and Facial Plastic Surgery, Communication Disorders, Fulda Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Marburg, Germany. Schick B B el Rahman el Tahan A A Brors D D Kahle G G Draf W W eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Angiofibroma pathology surgery Child Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Neoplasm Staging Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416254 10416253 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Excision and replacement of nasal septum in aesthetic and functional nose surgery: setting criteria and establishing indications. 74-9 Despite the technical details of the excision and replacement of the nasal septum both in aesthetic and functional nasal surgery have been extensively reviewed, in the opinion of the authors a clear and precise definition of the indications of this technique is still lacking. A simplified classification of the nasal septum deformities, based on the site and the direction of the fracture or bending axis, is proposed to establish reproducible guidelines to nasal septum surgery. On the basis of this classification the post-operative results of 227 patients affected by obstructive nasal septum deviation were evaluated. The surgical treatment consisted of conservative septoplasty in 173 cases, while in 54 cases excision and replacement of the nasal septum were performed. A conservative tension release septoplasty was performed for horizontal fracture or angulation of the septum. The more radical excision/replacement surgical approach was preferred when a vertical angulation or bending axis was observed (vertical = normal to the maxillary ridge). Twenty persisting septal deviations were found at the one year post-operative follow-up. Nineteen of these were the outcome of 173 conservative septoplasty, while only one case with unsatisfactory results was the outcome of 54 excision/replacement procedures. Seventeen out of 19 cases originally classified as horizontal deformity who presented at follow up with persisting septum deviation were reclassified as vertical. The reason for surgical failure must be probably identified in a preoperatory classification mistake where vertical deformities were erroneously evaluated horizontal and operated accordingly. The authors suggest excision/replacement of the nasal septum whenever its fracture or major bending axis is vertical. Department of Otolaryngology, G.B. Grassi Hospital, Lido di Ostia, Roma, Italy. Sciuto S S Bernardeschi D D eng Case Reports Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Esthetics Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Patient Satisfaction Rhinoplasty methods Treatment Outcome 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416253 10416252 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Videoendoscopic analysis of nasal steroid distribution. 69-73 Topical corticosteroids are one of the main pillars in the treatment of nasal polyps. The exact topography of their intranasal deposition has not yet been adequately visualised. The intranasal distribution of a 1% sodium fluorescein solution applied with original Pulmicort Topinasal (budesonide) metered pump bottles was analysed by videoendoscopy. The study group included eight healthy subjects and ten patients who had undergone endonasal sinus surgery. Videoendoscopy was performed in the study group within the first minute after application of the fluorescein solution. Additionally the deposition pattern of Pulmicort Topinasal was analyzed using a nasal model. The examination showed that the majority of the substance is deposited on the anterior portion of the nasal septum and the head of the inferior turbinate. Only a small fraction actually reaches the middle meatus. The distribution is improved by application during the decongested phase of the nasal cycle, after use of vasoconstricting nasal drops and maintaining a spraying angle of 45 degrees upwards. The development of new delivery techniques and systems could improve the efficacy of intranasally administered corticosteroids and reduce the complication rate. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery and Communication Disorders, Fulda Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Marburg, Germany. Weber R R Keerl R R Radziwill R R Schick B B Jaspersen D D Dshambazov K K Mlynski G G Draf W W eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage pharmacokinetics Budesonide administration & dosage pharmacokinetics Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Glucocorticoids Humans Male Models, Anatomic Nasal Mucosa drug effects metabolism pathology Nasal Polyps drug therapy surgery Reference Values Sensitivity and Specificity Tissue Distribution Treatment Outcome Video Recording 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416252 10416251 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2008 11 21

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The alteration of nasal resistance before and after local exposure to heated aerosol in perennial allergic rhinitis. 66-8 To determine the patho-physiological effects of heated vapour to the normal or allergic nasal mucosa, we measured the nasal resistance before and after a 10 min. exposure of hyperthermal (43.0 degrees C) aerosol to the nasal mucosa in normal subjects and perennial allergic rhinitis patients. In the allergic patients the mean nasal resistances after hyperthermal stimulation were significantly higher than those resistances without stimulation, both in expiration or inspiration. No significant differences of nasal resistances in normal individuals during the whole schedule with and without heated aerosol stimulation were found on expiration or inspiration. The local heated aerosol exposure increases the nasal resistance in nasal allergic patients while in normal subjects no changes were found, and the reaction may have arisen from a non-specific hypersensitivity of the susceptible allergic nasal mucosa. Department of Otolaryngology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine. Naito K K Miyata S S Baba R R Mamiya T T Senoh Y Y Iwata S S Yokoyama N N Yamakawa S S Ibata K K eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols IM Administration, Inhalation Adolescent Adult Aerosols administration & dosage Airway Resistance Female Hot Temperature Humans Hypersensitivity diagnosis immunology Male Nasal Mucosa metabolism Nasal Provocation Tests Reference Values Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis physiopathology Time Factors 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416251 10416250 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2011 11 17

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Aspiration flow optimized for nasal nitric oxide measurement. 61-5 The aim of the present study was to evaluate some of the factors which may influence the reliability of nasal NO measurements, and to optimize methods suitable for children and adults. Nasal nitric oxide (NO) output was determined by chemiluminescent analysis of aspirated samples in 16 adults and 6 children. With the velopharyngeal aperture closed, stable NO levels were obtained at flows ranging form 0.9 to 6.2 L/min. NO output averaged 401.0 +/- 145.4 nL/min./M2 in 6 children, 338.2 +/- 92.3 in 7 adult females and 268.6 +/- 70.2 in 9 adult males. Nasal NO output was independent of flow provided a stable plateau of NO value was reached. In this study, the optimal range of flows was 3.2-5.2 L/min. in adults and 2.2-3.2 L/min. in children. This enables selection of the most favorable flow to be chosen for individual subjects and situations. Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Jiangsu, P.R. China. w.qian@utoronto.ca Qian W W Djupesland P G PG Chatkin J M JM McClean P P Furlott H H Chapnik J S JS Zamel N N Haight J S JS eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide IM Adult Age Factors Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Luminescent Measurements Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa chemistry metabolism Nitric Oxide analysis metabolism Otolaryngology methods Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Reproducibility of Results Respiration 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416250 10416249 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology In vivo and in vitro effect of ozone and formaldehyde on human nasal mucociliary transport system. 56-60 The effect of ozone and formaldehyde on the nasal mucociliary transport system after short-term exposure was comparatively evaluated in human by using in vivo and in vitro test systems. Concentrations of ozone used were 10, 100, 500 and 1000 micrograms/m3 of ozone and of formaldehyde 100, 500 and 5000 micrograms/m3. The in vivo effect of ozone was monitored by measuring the saccharin transport time before and two hours after exposure to ozone. The in vitro effect of ozone and formaldehyde was evaluated by quantifying the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of isolated respiratory epithelial cells before and after one, two, and three hours of exposure. Control experiments were performed using synthetic air. Ozone had no effect on the human nasal mucociliary transport system under the conditions tested here. Neither in vivo nor in vitro any significant changes of saccharin transport time nor CBF were measured. In contrast, formaldehyde significantly reduced (67.1%) CBF at the highest dosis (2 hours, 5000 micrograms/m3). These results will be discussed according to the environmental impact of ozone and formaldehyde in air pollutants and compared to sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide, which were tested under similar conditions, and to results revealed from animal experiments. Department of Otolaryngology, Mainz University Hospital. Schäfer D D Brommer C C Riechelmann H H Mann J W JW eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 10028-15-6 Ozone 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Adolescent Adult Cells, Cultured Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Formaldehyde pharmacology Humans Male Mucociliary Clearance drug effects physiology Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Ozone pharmacology Reference Values Saccharin metabolism 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416249 10416248 1999 09 21 1999 09 21 2005 11 16

0300-0729 37 2 1999 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal hyperreactivity. 50-5 Nasal hyperreactivity is an important feature of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms behind hyperreactivity. Distinct mechanisms may play a role in allergic rhinitis--an inflammatory disease--and non-allergic rhinitis, mainly a non-inflammatory disease. In allergic rhinitis, particularly in perennial allergic rhinitis, there is a close connection between allergic response and non-specific hyperreactivity. In non-allergic rhinitis, a pathological entity comprising a heterogeneous series of diseases, understanding and measuring nasal hyperreactivity is much more difficult. A variety of methods to assess nasal hyperreactivity are available. Given the heterogeneity of mechanisms, the various patients groups and the lack of standardization in tests, it is not surprising that measurement of nasal hyperreactivity is not included in the diagnostic arsenal of the clinician. Dept. of Allergology, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Gerth van Wijk R G RG de Graaf-in 't Veld C C Garrelds I M IM eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Allergens administration & dosage Asthma diagnosis Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Hypersensitivity diagnosis immunology Male Nasal Mucosa immunology Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis immunology 49 1999 7 23 1999 7 23 0 1 1999 7 23 0 0 ppublish 10416248 10670036 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Paranasal mucous cyst: a rare finding following septorhinoplasty. 190-1 Postoperative niucous cysts of the facial soft tissue are a rare complication after septorhinoplasty. We present a case of postseptorhinoplasty mucous cyst with a paranasal localisation. According to the literature available to us this localisation is extremely rare and has not been described before. Aetiology and possibilities to decrease the risk of such complications are discussed. E. N. T. Dept., Marienhospital Stuttgart, Germany. Karapantzos I I Behrmann R R Simaskos N N eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cysts surgery Humans Male Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Rhinoplasty adverse effects 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670036 10670035 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Intrasphenoidal encephalocele and spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea. 186-9 Intrasphenoidal encephalocele is a rare clinical entity. In the international literature only 16 cases have been reported up today, with female predominance. Clinically they manifest at middle and advanced ages (40-67 years), when spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea or recurrent meningitis occurs. We present our case, a 46 years old female, who had CSF rhinorrhoea from the right vestibule for 10 months. The diagnosis was based on the history and the high-resolution brain and skull base CT-scanning in conjunction with opaque fluid injection in the subarachnoidal space through a lumbar puncture. She was successfully treated with an operation, through an endonasal trans-ethmoid microendoscopic approach, using the Draf and Stammberger technique. We discuss the pathogenesis of the intrasphenoidal encephalocele, the existence of small occult defects in the skull base, which cause, at the middle and advanced ages, CSF fistula with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea and/or recurrent meningitis. Finally we emphasize the advantages of the endonasal surgical approach for the treatment of this condition. Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Greece. Daniilidis J J Vlachtsis K K Ferekidis E E Dimitriadis A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea etiology radiography surgery Encephalocele complications pathology radiography surgery Female Humans Middle Aged Tomography, X-Ray Computed 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670035 10670034 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology An algorithm for the management of CSF rhinorrhoea illustrated by 36 cases. 182-5 The diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea should be established beyond reasonable doubt before surgical intervention is embarked upon. It is important not to miss the diagnosis in view of the real potential complication of meningitis if it is left untreated. We describe a management algorithm which centers around the selective use of nasal endoscopy, immunofixation of beta2 transferrin, high resolution coronal CT scans, and fluorescein lumbar puncture. This management strategy is illustrated with 36 cases. We have developed a minimally invasive endoscopic technique to repair CSF leaks, and in 30 patients we had a success rate of 93% after one procedure. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, England. Marshall A H AH Jones N S NS Robertson I J IJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Algorithms Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis etiology surgery Child Humans Middle Aged 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670034 10670033 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2007 11 15

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Technical problems with protein extraction of chemokines featuring RANTES. 179-81 Chemokines are known to be one of the sources for eosinophilic tissue infiltration in eosinophilic inflammation. Detection of beta-chemokines such as RANTES was possible in nasal tissue with or without eosinophilic infiltration. The concentration of chemokines which has been measured in the same tissue differs often in the literature. Aim of this study was to compare the different techniques of protein extraction and help to understand and interpret the investigation on RANTES secretion. Tissue of nasal polyps, inferior and middle turbinate was cut into halves and every half on its own pulverized using liquid nitrogen. The protein extraction was performed either with citric acid solution (pH 2.5) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The samples were then lyophilized. The concentration of RANTES was measured by a specific double sandwich ELISA. Using the citric acid technique the average concentration of RANTES in middle turbinates was 1.3 ng/mg, in inferior turbinates 1.6 ng/mg and in polyps 2.6 ng/mg tissue, using the PBS technique respectively 0.6 ng/mg, 0.5 ng/mg and 0.8 ng/mg tissue. Our data revealed a mismatch of 3.3:1 for polyps (citric acid: PBS), 3.2:1 for inferior and 2.2:1 for middle turbinates, respectively. Consequent comparison between the results of different techniques was not possible. Of special interest was also the fact that different techniques had different efficiencies of protein extraction in different tissues. Present statements on RANTES concentrations as a prognostic factor in nasal tissues need a technically careful standardization as far as this study shows. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, F.R.G. Maune S S Meyer J E JE Spautz B B Sticherling M M Schröder J M JM eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Chemokine CCL5 IM Cells, Cultured Chemokine CCL5 secretion Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Humans Nasal Mucosa cytology metabolism Rhinitis metabolism Sinusitis metabolism Turbinates cytology metabolism 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670033 10670032 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Experimentally induced nasal irritation. 175-8 The aim of this study was to develop a method that is suited for the induction of nasal irritation. For this purpose inflammatory responses were analysed after challenging the nasal mucosa with experimentally induced cold, dry air (8 l/min, 22 degrees C, 20 %RH). To assess inflammatory effects we determined inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2 [PGE2], thromboxane B2 TXB2[, peptide leukotrienes pLT: LTC4, LTD4, LTE4[) in nasal lavage fluid which was sampled before, immediately after suprathreshold stimulation, and one hour after termination of the stimulation. In addition, subjects estimated the intensity of pain during the stimulation. Cold, dry air produced strong painful sensations which increased throughout the stimulation period. A significant increase of the inflammatory mediator pLT was observed after stimulation; mean concentrations of PGE2 and TXB2 also showed a tendency to increase. One hour after termination of the stimulation the concentration of these inflammatory mediators returned to baseline which indicates the reversibility of the effects of nasal irritation. These data suggest, that this model may be a useful tool in investigations of mucosal irritation as, for example, induced by environmental agents. Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Mohammadian P P Schaefer D D Hummel T T Kobal G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Inflammation Mediators 0 Irritants IM Adult Body Fluids chemistry Female Humans Inflammation Mediators analysis Irritants Male Nasal Lavage Fluid Nasal Provocation Tests Psychophysics Rhinitis physiopathology 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670032 10670031 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Non-specific nasal provocation test with histamine. Analysis of the dose-response curve. 168-74 Non-Specific Nasal Hyper-reactivity (NSNH) is described as a clinical condition characterized by the presence of rhinitic symptoms that are a consequence of non-specific stimulations. Because of its effects on vascular, epithelial, and glandular receptors, NSNP Test (NSNPT) with histamine allows the study of NSNH. The aims of this study are 1. to analyze the behavior of NSNH both in non-allergic chronic vasomotory patients and in healthy control subjects 2. to correlate total nasal resistance(TNR) to each dosage of histamine to derive the dose/response curves and 3. to study these curves to analyze and possibly define different stages according to the intensities of response of NSNH. We have studied 26 subjects affected by non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis and 10 healthy control subjects. We sprayed a NSNPT with histamine-phosphate (0.2-0.3-0.4-0.5-0.6-0.8 mg) in different sessions to avoid accumulation phenomena. Five minutes before and five minutes after each challenge, TNR was determined by active anterior rhinomanometry. TNR was correlated to the doses of histamine by an empirical equation. The most important results of this study are as follows: a) the variation of TNR follows a model of exponential curve, b) it is possible to classify NSNH, as a function of the regression b coefficient belonging to the empirical equation used, in reactivity classes, c) from one reactivity class to another, post-stimulation TNRs double; 0.5 mg of histamine of the NSNPT is the optimal dose, d) there is an overlap between the responses of some normal subjects and rhinopathic patients that will be the subject of a further study. Finally, our data suggest that, in a future perspective, it is possible to use the NSNPT with histamine for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic control purposes. Department of Otolaryngology, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy. Zambetti G G Moresi M M Romeo R R Luce M M Filiaci F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adult Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Histamine administration & dosage diagnostic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis diagnosis 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670031 10670030 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology How to manage patients with hard-to-recognize postnasal drip? 164-7 Postnasal drip (PND), commonly regarded as a phenomenon wherein nasal fluid drips into the pharynx, is one of the main symptoms of chronic sinusitis and other nasal lesions. This definition is controversial, however, because some patients have PND with no evidence of fluid either in the oropharynx or around the choanae. Among 220 patients in whom PND was diagnosed at the University of Tokyo Hospital between January 1996 and December 1997, 19 (8.6%) had hard-to-recognize PND on routine examination. Through careful observation, responsible lesions could be identified in all patients with hard-to-recognize PND. Seven patients had latent chronic sinusitis, 5 had nasopharyngeal lesions, such as Tornwaldt's cyst and inflammation, 3 had "old man's PND", 2 had "reflux PND", and 2 had polyps around the sphenoid ostium. Five patients received no treatment. In the other patients, medical therapy, mainly long-term treatment with low doses of macrolides, now regarded as a standard regimen for intractable chronic sinusitis in Japan, was effective in alleviating symptoms regardless of the cause. Department of Otolaryngology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan. k-ichi@jichi.ac.jp Ichimura K K Sugimura H H Naito A A Maeda Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Body Fluids Chronic Disease Humans Nasopharyngitis complications Nose Diseases complications Prospective Studies Sinusitis complications 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670030 10670029 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2005 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology p53 over-expression and its correlation with PCNA index in nasal polyps. 160-3 Our knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps (Nps) is still limited. In this study, in order to define the biological features of these neoformations, we investigated with immunohistochemistry the p53 over-expression and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 32 cases of Nps and in normal mucosa of 11 control cases. The evaluation of PCNA showed a wide range of indices (0.5-18.2%) with a mean value (6.8%) significantly higher than in normal mucosa (2.9%). Over-expression of the p53 oncoprotein, observed in 50% of Nps, was statistically related to a high PCNA-index (> 6.8%). Our results suggest that Nps can behave, in a high percentage of cases, like tumours. Institute of Pathology, University of Milan, Italy. Lavezzi A A Mantovani M M Cazzullo A A Turconi P P Matturri L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen 0 Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 IM Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps metabolism Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen metabolism Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670029 10670028 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Management of sinonasal hemangiopericytomas. 153-8 The purpose of the present study is to report four cases of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma (HP) diagnosed and treated in our department between 1987 and 1998. The pretreatment findings and the treatment are described and discussed in the light of the literature. HP are unusual vascular tumors, featuring pericytes distributed around normal vascular channels. Two of these four cases were located in the nasal cavity and the other two were located in the maxillary sinus. Inside the nasal cavity, HP presented as a protruding reddish-gray mass with marked bleeding on contact. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques are essential for diagnosis and to distinguish HP from other sarcomatous tumors. Preoperative assessment included routine CT, MRI, arteriography and selective embolization. These tumors must be treated surgically with complete excision. An endonasal approach was performed in two cases of intranasal HP, while a combined external-endonasal approach was required for the other two cases of HP. Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Henri Mondor de Créteil, Université Paris XII. Hervé S S Abd Alsamad I I Beautru R R Gaston A A Bedbeder P P Peynègre R R Coste A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Hemangiopericytoma surgery Humans Male Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Nose Neoplasms surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670028 10670027 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A new approach to improving illumination in the nose during endonasal surgery. 149-52 Despite improvements in light sources the problem of illumination during endonasal surgery persists. This is particularly so in the presence of blood which absorbs light and renders the operative field dark as a consequence. This paper describes a series of in vitro experiments that show how improved illumination is possible using readily available, inexpensive, sterilisable and flexible materials. The hypothesis tested was that white coloured materials, when placed into the nasal cavity during endonasal surgery, improve illumination of the operative field by reflecting light onto the area of surgical interest. This hypothesis was tested with the use of a light proof box into which were introduced blood coloured and reflective materials. The light reflected back from a fixed blood coloured surface within the box was measured. The introduction of white materials into the box provided greater illumination than blue or foil surfaces. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom. roro@dircon.co.uk Browning S T ST Fahmy F F FF Whittet H B HB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Humans Lighting Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670027 10670026 2000 02 24 2000 02 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 37 4 1999 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Smell diskettes as screening test of olfaction. 145-8 A screening test of olfaction was developed with reusable diskettes as applicators of 8 different odorants. Using a questionnaire with illustrations, the test was designed as a triple forced multiple choice test resulting in a score of 0 to 8 correct answers. To validate the test, 102 volunteers with normal olfaction, as well as 22 patients with subjective hyposmia or anosmia, were tested. To compare the developed test with an already validated method, the same persons also performed the sniffin' sticks screening test. The results indicate that the screening test with smell diskettes recognizes patients with normal olfaction and consistently distinguishes them from patients with hyposmia or anosmia. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zürich, Switzerland. Briner H R HR Simmen D D eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Mass Screening Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders diagnosis 2000 2 12 9 0 2000 2 26 9 0 2000 2 12 9 0 ppublish 10670026 9830680 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2005 11 17

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The historical background of allergic rhinopathy therapy. 139-41 Passàli D D Sperati G G eng Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Allergic Agents 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 53-06-5 Cortisone IM Q Anti-Allergic Agents history therapeutic use Cortisone history therapeutic use Desensitization, Immunologic history Histamine H1 Antagonists history therapeutic use History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial history therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal history therapy 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830680 9830679 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Paediatric pyogenic granuloma presenting as a unilateral nasal polyp. 136-8 The presence of a rapidly growing intranasal mass in a child is an alarming clinical sign that requires adequate clinical and radiological assessment and prompt histological diagnosis. We present two cases of children with unilateral intranasal pyogenic granulomas. There is only one previous report of this histological diagnosis in the nasal cavity in children. Pyogenic granuloma of the nasal cavity is rare. Pyogenic granuloma should be included in the differential diagnosis of an intranasal mass in the paediatric age group. Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire, UK. Simo R R de Carpentier J J Rejali D D Gunawardena W J WJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Diagnosis, Differential Female Follow-Up Studies Granuloma, Pyogenic diagnosis pathology radiography Humans Nasal Cavity pathology radiography Nasal Polyps diagnosis Nasal Septum pathology radiography Nose Diseases diagnosis pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830679 9830678 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2005 11 17

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the nasal septum. 133-5 Among the non-epithelial tumours of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, fibrous histiocytoma is rarely encountered. A 45 year-old male patient complaining about nasal obstruction and nasal swelling was seen in the hospital ENT department. On examination, there was a mass located on the right anterior part of the nasal septum, about 2 x 1 x 1 cm in size. The pathologic diagnosis was benign fibrous histiocytoma. In this article we discuss the clinical, radiological, histopathological characteristics of fibrous histiocytoma and its differential diagnosis. Department of Otolaryngology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydm, Turkey. Basak S S Mutlu C C Erkus M M Karaman C C Odabasi O O eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Angiofibroma diagnosis Diagnosis, Differential Fibroblasts pathology Follow-Up Studies Giant Cells pathology Histiocytes pathology Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous pathology radiography Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction pathology Nasal Septum pathology radiography Nose Neoplasms pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830678 9830677 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal steroids and septum perforation--an overlooked complication? A description of the course of events and a discussion of the causes. 128-32 The use of intranasal steroids for the treatment of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis has doubled during the past 5 years. The number of reported cases of nasal septum perforation has increased correspondingly. The mechanism behind this is unknown, and steroid-induced septum perforation is rarely described in the literature. In order to describe the course of events and to form an idea of the extent of the problem, we have reviewed the cases reported at our clinic and compiled reports on side-effects from the Swedish Medical Products Agency. In our department we found 32 patients with septum perforation (21 women and 11 men). The most common risk factor for septum perforation was steroid treatment, 11 cases (10 women, 1 man, average age 33 years, range 19-49 years). The information obtained from the Swedish Medical Products Agency showed that 38 cases of steroid induced septum perforation had been reported during the past 10 years. The number of side-effects per million Defined Daily Dose (DDD) was averaged to 0.21. The risk of perforation is greatest during the first 12 months of treatment and the majority of cases involves young women. We conclude that septum perforation due to nasal sprays are underreported in Sweden and that perforations are most likely to appear in young females during their first months of medication. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. Cervin A A Andersson M M eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 51333-22-3 Budesonide 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems Aerosols Aged Androstadienes adverse effects Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage adverse effects Beclomethasone adverse effects Budesonide adverse effects Child Female Glucocorticoids Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum drug effects Nose Diseases chemically induced Retrospective Studies Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy Rhinitis, Vasomotor drug therapy Sex Factors Sweden Time Factors 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830677 9830676 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Application of endoscopic sinus surgery to primary atrophic rhinitis? A clinical trial. 122-7 The aetiology of primary atrophic rhinitis (AR) is still unclear. Based on the sinus infection theories, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was applied to treat AR. ESS was performed on 14 patients following Stammberger's techniques along with middle turbinectomy. Patients were evaluated using clinical symptoms, radiological sinus images, saccharine time tests, bacterial cultures and mucosal ultrastructures, before and 2 years after ESS. Three patients had good recoveries, 6 had partial recoveries and another 5 had persistent disease. Good recovery patients showed clear nasal cavities and mucociliary transport system normalisation. Patients possess in meagre infectious signs or crusting extending to their nasopharynx had poor outcomes. Patients with evidence of obvious infections (cloudy sinus images, mucopus presence in the sinuses and positive culture for Klebsiella ozaenae) had good recoveries following ESS. Candidate selection is critical for the success of ESS treatment in AR. Although further clinical trials are required to prove this strategy. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. sheen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Fang S Y SY Jin Y T YT eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Adolescent Adult Bacterial Infections diagnosis surgery Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Klebsiella Infections diagnosis surgery Male Mucociliary Clearance physiology Nasal Cavity pathology Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure Paranasal Sinuses radiography Recovery of Function Rhinitis, Atrophic etiology pathology physiopathology surgery Saccharin diagnostic use Sinusitis microbiology Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830676 9830675 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2011 11 17

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal nitric oxide and its relationship to nasal symptoms, smoking and nasal nitrate. 117-21 Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the nasal mucosa and in the paranasal sinuses. Increased nasal NO concentrations have been found in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis, and nasal NO has been suggested to be a marker of nasal inflammation. Measuring the stable end products of NO, nitrate and nitrite in nasal lavage fluid have been proposed as an indirect method for measuring NO concentration. The aim of this study was to measure nasal NO concentration, and to find out its relationship to nasal nitrate concentration and clinical parameters. 73 paper-mill workers were investigated with nasal and exhaled NO, nitrate in nasal lavage fluid and were given a respiratory questionnaire. Nasal air was sampled directly from a nasal mask and NO concentration was measured with a chemiluminescence analyser. Exhaled NO was measured with the subjects breathing tidal volumes and wearing nose clips. The nitric oxide metabolites were analysed as nitrate, after reduction of nitrite to nitrate. Smokers had lower nasal NO concentration (264 ppb) as compared to NO concentrations of 340 ppb among non-smokers (p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant relationship between nasal NO concentration and nitrate in nasal lavage fluid or nasal symptoms. Nasal NO concentration was significantly related to FVC (p = 0.047) and there was a relationship with borderline statistical significance (p = 0.06) to FEV1. In conclusion, we found no relationship between nitrate in nasal lavage and nasal NO, and neither of these were correlated to nasal symptoms or to nasal PIF. Nasal NO was significantly lower among smokers. Further controlled studies on subjects with rhinitis are needed, to evaluate the relation between nasal NO and nasal inflammation. In addition, there is also a need to develop methods for measuring nasal NO that minimise contamination from sinuses. Section of Occupational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Olin A C AC Hellgren J J Karlsson G G Ljungkvist G G Nolkrantz K K Torén K K eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Free Radical Scavengers 0 Nitrates 0 Nitrites 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide IM Adult Female Forced Expiratory Volume Free Radical Scavengers analysis Humans Luminescent Measurements Male Masks Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry Nasal Mucosa metabolism Nitrates analysis Nitric Oxide analysis Nitrites analysis Nose metabolism Paranasal Sinuses metabolism Rhinitis metabolism Smoking metabolism Spirometry instrumentation Tidal Volume Vital Capacity 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830675 9830674 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal manipulation with intravenous sedation. Is it an acceptable and effective treatment? 114-6 Local anaesthesia is increasingly being used for nasal manipulation. Doubt remains over the discomfort associated with this procedure. We studied in a prospective manner, the acceptability and effectiveness of nasal manipulation with intravenous sedation and local anaesthesia, in a case series of thirty-five patients. Patients used linear analogue scales to assess outcome and pain associated with the procedure. More than half of the patients (60%) returned pain scores of only 1 out of 10. Thirty-two patients (90%) found the procedure less painful than receiving a tooth filling from the dentist, while thirty-four patients (97%) said they would undergo the same procedure again if they re-fractured their nose. The effectiveness of the treatment as assessed by an independent observer revealed that 90% of patients had achieved a significant reduction in their deformity (P = 1.27 x 10(-9). Department of Otolaryngology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Scotland, UK. Newton C R CR White P S PS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 0 Hypnotics and Sedatives 137-58-6 Lidocaine 59467-70-8 Midazolam IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Anesthesia, Local Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage Conscious Sedation methods Female Humans Hypnotics and Sedatives administration & dosage therapeutic use Injections, Intravenous Lidocaine administration & dosage Male Midazolam administration & dosage therapeutic use Nasal Bone injuries Nerve Block Pain prevention & control Pain Measurement Patient Satisfaction Prospective Studies Skull Fractures therapy Treatment Outcome 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830674 9830673 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Technical abilities and limitations of acoustic rhinometry optimised for infants. 104-13 The objective of this model study was to validate in detail the technical capabilities as well as the limitations of a new rhinometric probe optimised for infants in order to improve reliability of measurements and reduce the risk of misleading conclusions. The repeatability was excellent (CV < 0.6%) and the reproducibility was high (CV% < 4%) provided the ambient conditions were fairly stable. The repeatability declined when external noise levels were above 60 dB SPL, and variation in temperature and pressure reduce reproducibility. The accuracy of the minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) as well as the volume corresponding to the nasal cavity in infants (VOL4), was acceptable (% error < 12%) as long as the MCA was larger than 30-40% of the probe dimensions and the cross-sectional area of the cavity posterior to the MCA did not exceed the MCA by a factor of more than 3-4. Variation in the position of the MCA within the anterior 2 cm has minimal influence on the posterior measurements provided the shape and length of the MCA are unaltered. Rods inserted into the tubular model to simulate the slit-like shape of the nasal passage did not reduce the accuracy, which is essential to the clinical value of acoustic rhinometry. Recommendations and guidelines designed to enhance the reliability of acoustic measurements in infants are presented. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Djupesland P G PG Lyholm B B eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics instrumentation Anatomy, Cross-Sectional Equipment Design Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Models, Anatomic Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Noise Otolaryngology instrumentation Pressure Reproducibility of Results Respiration Temperature 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830673 9830672 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2007 11 15

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Immunohistochemical localisation of tear lipocalin in human nasal mucosa. 101-3 Lipocalins are low molecular weight soluble proteins, a sub-class of this family are the odorant binding proteins (OBPs) which are postulated as having an important role in the perireceptor events of olfactory transduction, though their specific physiological function has yet to be defined. From the nasal mucus of normal subjects we recently isolated a 19kDa protein, the amino-acid sequence of which, limited to the first 20 residues, is identical to that of tear lipocalin. In this study we performed an immuno-histochemical investigation on the nasal localisation of this protein, using tissue specimens taken from the inferior (27 samples), middle (7 samples) and superior turbinates (6 samples) in 27 patients undergoing septoplastic surgery. The protein was detected in the sub-epithelial tubulo-acinar glands of the nasal mucosa, particularly in the mucoserous glands, in 74% of the specimens taken from the inferior turbinate, in 71.4% of those from the middle turbinate and in 66.6% of the samples of superior turbinate tissue. The homogeneous distribution of this protein in the nasal mucus could imply that it functions as a general protection agent rather than as an odour carrier or transducer. Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Italy. Fattori B B Castagna M M Megna G G Casani A A Pelosi P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Carrier Proteins 0 Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors 0 LCN1 protein, human 0 Lipocalin 1 0 Protective Agents IM Adolescent Adult Carrier Proteins analysis physiology Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors analysis physiology Epithelial Cells chemistry Exocrine Glands chemistry Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Lipocalin 1 Male Middle Aged Mucus Nasal Mucosa chemistry Odors Protective Agents pharmacology Signal Transduction physiology Smell physiology Tears chemistry Turbinates chemistry 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830672 9830671 1999 01 27 1999 01 27 2007 11 15

0300-0729 36 3 1998 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of side effects after nicotine nasal spray in patients with chronic rhinitis. 98-100 Thirty-three subjects with chronic rhinitis used nicotine nasal spray in an open study as an aid in smoking cessation. Thirty-eight percent of them were completely abstinent at 12 weeks, whereas 35% were completely abstinent at 20 weeks. The nasal spray was associated with irritant nasal side effects, which occurred most often in the early stages of treatment. Clinical nasal examinations could not observe any significant impairment in nasal conditions following spray use. In conclusion, this study confirms the short-term safety of the nicotine nasal spray as an aid in smoking cessation. Allergy Center, Central Hospital, Skövde. bende@sb.artech.se Bende M M Burian P P Danielsson G P GP Kruse E E Millqvist E E Säwe U U eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Irritants 0 Nicotinic Agonists 54-11-5 Nicotine IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols Aged Cell Nucleus ultrastructure Chronic Disease Cilia ultrastructure Cytoplasm ultrastructure Epithelial Cells pathology Evaluation Studies as Topic Female Follow-Up Studies Goblet Cells pathology Humans Irritants adverse effects Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Nicotine administration & dosage adverse effects Nicotinic Agonists administration & dosage adverse effects Nose pathology physiopathology Peak Expiratory Flow Rate physiology Rhinitis physiopathology Safety Smell physiology Smoking pathology physiopathology prevention & control Smoking Cessation methods 1998 11 27 1998 11 27 0 1 1998 11 27 0 0 ppublish 9830671 9569443 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Association of rhinoscleroma with rhinosporidiosis. 43-5 Rhinoscleroma caused by the bacillus Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis and rhinosporidiosis caused by the fungus Rhinosporidium seebri are rare, specific nasal infections, both of which have a certain geographical distribution. To the best of our knowledge no association between them has been reported in the international literature. We have documented such an association in two male Indian patients aged-32 and 27 years, respectively-both presenting with unilateral blood-stained discharge and nasal blockage. They showed strawberry-like polypoidal masses, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis was cultured twice in the first case. The patients were treated with complete excision and a long course of septrin, for which Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis is sensitive. The purpose of this paper is to report the first association of these two granulomatous infections, to show the impact of immigration on the differential diagnosis, and to review the relevant literature. Department of ENT/Head & Neck Surgery, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. al-Serhani A M AM al Qahtani A S AS Arafa M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biopsy, Needle Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Rhinoscleroma complications pathology surgery Rhinosporidiosis complications diagnosis pathology surgery Saudi Arabia 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569443 9569442 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2005 11 17

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Pneumosinus dilatans: a discussion of four cases and the possible aetiology. 40-2 Pneumosinus dilatans is an abnormal dilatation of the paranasal sinuses, which contains only air and is lined by normal mucosa. It is a rare condition, the aetiology of which is unclear. We describe four patients who presented to our department with pneumosinus dilatans. The aetiology was either developmental hydrocephalus (n = 1), post-traumatic (n = 1) or idiopathic (n = 2). Two patients underwent surgery, and follow-up is at least 12 months to date. The radiological aspects of this rare condition and the possible aetiologies are discussed. Department of Radiology, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Adams W M WM Jones R I RI Chavda S I SI Pahor A L AL Taifa K T KT eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Dilatation, Pathologic diagnosis etiology surgery Encephalomalacia diagnosis etiology Ethmoid Sinus radiography surgery Female Fractures, Bone complications Frontal Sinus radiography surgery Humans Hydrocephalus complications Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Nose injuries Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis etiology surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569442 9569441 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Lateral canthotomy: a simple and safe procedure for orbital haemorrhage secondary to endoscopic sinus surgery. 37-9 Two cases of orbital complications secondary to functional endoscopic sinus surgery are presented. One case was complicated in the immediate post-operative period with an orbital haematoma, which required urgent decompression using lateral canthotomy. The second case had presented an acute orbital haemorrhage during functional endoscopic sinus surgery, which required the same surgical procedure. These cases demonstrate that lateral canthotomy constitutes a safe and fast surgical procedure to decrease the intraorbital pressure. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Erasme, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Belgium. Saussez S S Choufani G G Brutus J P JP Cordonnier M M Hassid S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Disease-Free Survival Endoscopy adverse effects Female Humans Intraocular Pressure Male Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction diagnosis surgery Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures methods Orbit surgery Reoperation Retrobulbar Hemorrhage etiology surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed Vision Tests 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569441 9569440 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2007 11 15

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Psychosocial consequences of nasal aesthetic and functional surgery: a controlled prospective study in an ENT setting. 32-6 Much still needs to be known about what motivates and goes through patients' minds when undergoing nasal aesthetic surgery. Little is also known on how the aesthetic change affects the way other people see those patients after surgery, and if the improved appearance significantly benefits the patients' psychosocial functioning. So far, research has largely focused on subjects in Plastic Surgery settings, neglecting to investigate the specificities of rhinoplasty as performed by otolaryngologists. In order to elucidate these, a prospective controlled-study design was developed. Twenty-five consecutive patients, selected from an ENT practice for septorhinoplasty, were enrolled. They were submitted to pre-operative psychiatric interviews and psychological tests. Two control groups were simultaneously enlisted, and were submitted also to the same tests. Four to seven months after surgery, the septorhinoplasty patients were again evaluated by psychiatric interviews and psychological tests as well as asked to fill out a questionnaire addressing subjective satisfaction with the surgical results. They also underwent, at that time, a rhinomanometric examination assessing the objective success of surgery on nasal function. It was concluded that the study population was basically a psychologically well balanced group of patients, and that a successful surgical result could indeed, in some, improve pre-operative psychological "suffering" related to the nasal deformity, and give these patients a new social identity. Ultimately, it was found that the meeting of aesthetic requirements, frequently not put forward by the patient preoperatively, was the single most important factor required for a final complete satisfaction with the overall surgical results in this population. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de Pulido Valente, Lisbon, Portugal. Dinis P B PB Dinis M M Gomes A A eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Ambulatory Surgical Procedures Chi-Square Distribution Esthetics psychology Female Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged Nose Diseases diagnosis physiopathology surgery Patient Satisfaction Prospective Studies Psychological Tests Rhinoplasty psychology Self Concept Social Adjustment Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569440 9569439 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of calculated nasal resistance from Röhrer's equation with measured resistance at delta P150Pa. 28-31 Values of nasal resistance at delta P150Pa have been recommended by the International Standardization Committee for clinical use. However, this point seems somewhat high for quiet nasal breathing. To determine the usefulness of calculated nasal resistance at delta P150Pa from Röhrer's equation when transnasal pressure fails to reach the point, the values at delta P150Pa calculated from the method have been compared with actually measured nasal resistances at delta P150Pa by active anterior rhinomanometry with a nasal nozzle. The mean value of measured unilateral nasal resistance in 75 patients is 0.513 +/- 0.511 Pa/cm3/s on expiration and 0.335 +/- 0.193Pa/cm3/s on inspiration. The mean value of calculated nasal resistance from Röhrer's equation is 0.511 +/- 0.515Pa/cm3/s on expiration and 0.337 +/- 0.207Pa/cm3/s on inspiration. Correlations between measured and calculated nasal resistances have been assessed and are almost identical in both expiration and inspiration. Calculated nasal resistance at delta P150Pa from Röhrer's equation seems to be suitable for evaluation when transnasal pressure fails to attain the point. Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan. Naito K K Mamiya T T Mishima Y Y Kondo Y Y Miyata S S Iwata S S eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance physiology Female Humans Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Nose physiology Otolaryngology methods Sensitivity and Specificity 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569439 9569438 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The impact of outdoor pollution on upper respiratory diseases. 24-7 We evaluated the prevalence of upper airway diseases among two groups living in areas with different pollution levels. The study was conducted among highschool students living in Bayrampasa (an area polluted by SO2 and total suspended particulates) and Beykoz (an unpolluted residential area) in Istanbul (n = 386). Each subject filled out a standardized zelf-administered questionnaire. Also, anterior active rhinomanometry was performed to objectively evaluate the symptoms in all students. A significantly higher prevalence rate for rhinitis was found in Bayrampaşa, as compared to Beykoz. However, the prevalence rate for pharyngitis was not significantly different between both groups. Smoking was more frequent in the unpolluted area. Exposure to parental smoking in childhood and heating systems in houses were evenly distributed. Household crowding was lower in Beykoz. Rhinomanometric measurements did not show any significant difference between both groups. Multiple logistic regression models estimating the role of each risk factor independently, showed a significant odds ratio associated with residence in Bayrampasa for rhinitis (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 3.0-1.3). In conclusion, this study indicates that outdoor pollution has adverse effects on the degree of upper airway diseases in Istanbul in the 1990s. Department of ORL, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Keleş N N Ilicali C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Age Distribution Air Pollution adverse effects Chi-Square Distribution Female Humans Incidence Male Odds Ratio Pharyngitis epidemiology etiology Population Surveillance Prevalence Rhinitis epidemiology etiology Risk Factors Sex Distribution Smoking epidemiology Turkey epidemiology Urban Population 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569438 9569437 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The role of ethmoid sinus surgery in the treatment of the twisted nose. 20-3 The correction of the twisted nose remains a challenge from both the functional and aesthetic points of view. It is well recognized that complete correction of this nasal deformity often necessitates not only reconfiguration of the external nasal framework, but also realignment of the septum. The occasional patient will, in addition, require concurrent middle turbinate resection and/or ethmoidectomy to enable one to achieve full correction of both his/her external and septal deformities. We will briefly outline the rationale for this approach w ith an illustrative case example. Division of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, USA. Ducic Y Y Hilger P A PA eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Esthetics Ethmoid Sinus radiography surgery Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nose abnormalities radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569437 9569436 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory function after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. 15-9 One hundred and fifteen patients suffering from chronic sinusitis were observed to analyse the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and the influence of FESS. Pre-operative questionnaires were supplemented by examination of olfactory thresholds and discrimination. Pre-operatively, 58% of the collective were aware or complained of any olfactory deficit. However, the olfactory tests demonstrated that of the collective 52% were hyposmic and 31% anosmic. Eight per cent of the hyposmic patients presented with an isolated reduction of their ability to discriminate odours. Post-operative improvements were found in 70%. Normosmia was post-operatively achieved in 25% of the hyposmic patients, but only in 5% of the anosmic patients. Olfaction changed to the worse in 8% after FESS. Therefore, the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in chronic sinusitis is pre-operatively higher, and the rate of improvement is lower than generally assumed. The extent of sinus disease as measured by the degree of intranasal polyposis correlates with olfactory dysfunction. Resections of the middle turbinate may have a negative effect on olfaction, due to damage to the olfactory fila or alteration of the normal aerodynamic pattern within the olfactory cleft. However, this hypothesis is based on a few observations and needs to be verified by further investigations. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany. Delank K W KW Stoll W W eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Endoscopy methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged Olfaction Disorders diagnosis epidemiology surgery Postoperative Period Preoperative Care Prevalence Prognosis Questionnaires Sinusitis diagnosis physiopathology surgery Smell 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569436 9569435 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2006 04 19

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: a series of 115 patients. 12-4 A total of 115 patients with sinonasal cancer was assessed during the period 1978-1995. Ninety-one patients received treatment with curative intent. A combination of irradiation and operation was used. The 5-year crude survival for patients, who were treated with curative intent, was 41%; the disease-specific survival throughout the period was 48%. Primary irradiation followed by maxillectomy was widely used in the first half of the period. Treatment in the last part was changed to primary lateral rhinotomy with post-operative irradiation whenever possible. Twelve maxillectomies were performed during the first half of the period, and during the last part, only two. Disease-specific survival was equal in the first and the second halves of the period. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. Svane-Knudsen V V Jørgensen K E KE Hansen O O Lindgren A A Marker P P eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust IM Adenocarcinoma etiology mortality pathology radiotherapy secondary surgery Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Carcinoma etiology mortality pathology radiotherapy secondary surgery Disease-Free Survival Dust adverse effects Environmental Exposure adverse effects statistics & numerical data Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Lymphatic Metastasis Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms etiology mortality pathology radiotherapy surgery Probability Radiotherapy Dosage Radiotherapy, Adjuvant Regression Analysis Survival Rate Wood 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569435 9569434 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Antibiotic treatment of patients with mucosal thickening in the paranasal sinuses, and validation of cut-off points in sinus CT. 7-11 We compared the efficacy of penicillin V and amoxycillin treatment with placebo in 70 adult patients from Norwegian family practice with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis and mucosal thickening on CT, but without fluid level or total opacification. The study was randomized and double-blind. Three different outcomes were evaluated; subjective status after 10 days of treatment, difference in clinical score between day 0 and day 10, and duration of the illness episode. Amoxycillin and penicillin V gave no better response to treatment than placebo, evaluated by all three outcome measures. The median duration of the sinusitis episode was 10 days in the amoxycillin- and placebo groups and 13 days in the penicillin-V group. In patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, fluid level and total opacification on CT are good criteria to differentiate between groups of patients that need or do not need antibiotic treatment. Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Norway. Lindbaek M M Kaastad E E Dølvik S S Johnsen U U Laerum E E Hjortdahl P P eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Penicillins 26787-78-0 Amoxicillin 87-08-1 Penicillin V IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Amoxicillin therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Drug Administration Schedule Family Practice Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Norway Penicillin V therapeutic use Penicillins therapeutic use Sensitivity and Specificity Sinusitis diagnosis drug therapy Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569434 9569433 1998 06 30 1998 06 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 1 1998 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Diagnosing acute maxillary sinusitis in primary care: a comparison of ultrasound, clinical examination and radiography. 2-6 In primary care, acute maxillary sinusitis may be diagnosed by clinical examination, ultrasound or radiography. Previous studies on the diagnostic accuracy of these methods are from secondary care settings and may not be generalisable to primary care. In this study of 39 primary care patients we have compared ultrasound, clinical examination and radiography to sinus irrigation. The sensitivity of ultrasound performed by general practitioners is 61% and specificity is 53%. Diagnostic accuracy does not improve when the general practitioner bases the diagnosis on combination of clinical examination and ultrasound. The most accurate way to diagnose sinusitis is radiography and when the radiographs are interpreted by a radiologist (sensitivity: 61%; specificity: 98%). The accuracy of the ultrasound examination performed by general practitioners is poorer than earlier results from ENT practices. More attention should be paid to education and quality management in the use of ultrasound in primary care. Nurmijärvi Health Centre, Finland. Laine K K Määttä T T Varonen H H Mäkelä M M eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Family Practice Female Finland Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis diagnosis radiography ultrasonography Middle Aged Physical Examination Predictive Value of Tests Sensitivity and Specificity 1998 5 7 1998 5 7 0 1 1998 5 7 0 0 ppublish 9569433 9695167 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgical and prosthetic treatment of congenital absence of the nose: a case report. 94-5 This paper presents a case of a 5-year old girl with a congenital absence of the nose. Congenital arrhinia is a very rare malformation of the midfacial bones. The difficulties of treating a child with this abnormality are discussed. Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland. Chmielik M M Ranocha C C eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child, Preschool Facial Bones abnormalities surgery Female Humans Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation Nose abnormalities surgery Reoperation Rhinoplasty 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695167 9695166 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2009 11 19

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Rhinocerebral mycosis in immunocompromised patients. A case report and review of the literature. 90-3 Continuous awareness of systemic mycosis in immunocompromised patients is important. Early diagnosis is based on (direct) histologal examination and CT scan. Since treatment should start as early as possible, there is usually no time to await results of tissue cultures. Systemic treatment with amphotericin B and aggressive surgical débridement should be performed as soon as possible, while the place of hyperbaric oxygen and G-CSF remains to be established. In addition to routine preventive measures, prophylactic intranasal application of amphotericin B seems to be of value. Academic Hospital Dijkzigt, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Schmidt J M JM Poublon R M RM eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antifungal Agents 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B 143011-72-7 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor IM Adult Aged Amphotericin B therapeutic use Antifungal Agents therapeutic use Aspergillosis therapy Brain Diseases therapy Child Debridement Female Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor therapeutic use Humans Hyperbaric Oxygenation Immunocompromised Host Male Middle Aged Mucormycosis therapy Paranasal Sinus Diseases therapy Treatment Outcome 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695166 9695165 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Peripheral scotoma associated with chronic ethmoidal sinusitis. A case report and review of the literature. 86-9 Diseases of the paranasal sinuses may cause visual disturbances, especially diminished visual acuity and visual field defects, by affecting the optic nerve. We report the unusual case of a female patient with unilateral peripheral, quadrantic scotoma and concomitant chronic ethmoidal sinusitis. Visual acuity was not diminished. Despite extensive diagnostic examinations no other cause of the scotoma could be evaluated. As conservative therapy had been unsuccessful, endonasal pansinus operation was performed. Upon surgery, nearly all ethmoidal cells appeared to be filled with polypous mucosa. The sphenoid sinuses, however, contained air. In contrast, pre-operative CT scans had shown only a slight opacity of the ethmoid bone. Already two weeks after surgery a reduction in size of the scotoma could be noted. In addition to this case report, possible causes of visual field defects due to inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses are discussed. In cases of unilateral visual field reduction associated with symptoms of chronic paranasal sinusitis, early operative exploration of the paranasal sinuses should be considered after exclusion of other possible causes, even if radiological findings do not warrant such a procedure. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Göttingen, Germany. Rödel R R Meyer-Riemann W W Hommerich C C Vogel M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Ethmoid Sinusitis complications pathology surgery Female Humans Paranasal Sinuses pathology surgery Scotoma etiology physiopathology Visual Fields 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695165 9695164 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Antrochoanal polyps: analysis of 16 cases. 81-5 Antrochoanal polyps are rare lesions. Several surgical techniques have been reported to provide complete cure of the disease. However, inadequate treatment may result in a high rate of recurrences. The aetiological as well as predisposing factors are not well understood. We present a literature review and discuss the clinical, pathological and histological features of 16 patients with antrochoanal polyps, who have been surgically treated by either an endoscopical or conventional approach. It has been found that allergy has no role in the aetiology of antrochoanal polyps. However, the majority of the patients have sinonasal disease. The most common pre-operative radiological finding is the mucocoele-like appearance, which has also been confirmed in surgery. It is remarkable that antrochoanal polyps have recurred in 4 out of 8 patients, who have underwent simple intranasal polypectomy and inferior turbinectomy. As compared to conventional technique, the endoscopic approach proves to be superior. Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. Aktaş D D Yetişer S S Gerek M M Kurnaz A A Can C C Kahramanyol M M eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Nasal Polyps pathology surgery Nasopharynx Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures Recurrence Treatment Outcome Turbinates surgery 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695164 9695163 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2007 11 15

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The holmium:YAG laser for treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. 77-80 Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is sometimes refractory to local, as well as general, medical treatment. Before undertaking surgical reduction of the inferior turbinates, there is indisputably a place for cauterization or laser vaporization of the inferior turbinate mucosa. The authors present a study of 46 patients treated by the holmium:YAG laser for chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. The results after only one laser session are satisfactory in 89.1% at 6 months' follow-up and in 52.2% with mean follow-up of 16.2 months. No major secondary effects were observed. Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU de Rangueil, Toulouse, France. Serrano E E Percodani J J Yardeni E E Lombard L L Laffitte F F Pessey J J JJ eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chronic Disease Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypertrophy complications surgery Laser Therapy methods Male Middle Aged Rhinitis etiology surgery Treatment Outcome Turbinates pathology surgery 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695163 9695162 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effect of pseudoephedrine on nasal airflow in patients with nasal congestion associated with common cold. 73-6 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pseudoephedrine as a nasal decongestant. Patients with nasal congestion associated with common cold received two doses of medication separated by 4 hours, either 60 mg pseudoephedrine (n = 20), or placebo (n = 20). Unilateral nasal airflow was measured over a 7-hour period to record the spontaneous changes in nasal airflow associated with the nasal cycle. Minimum (F MIN) and maximum (F MAX) unilateral nasal airflows were defined as the minimum and maximum nasal airflow values for each nasal passage recorded during the 7-hour period of the study. There was no significant difference in F MAX between the two treatment groups yet there was a significant difference in F MIN (p < 0.05). No difference in total nasal airflow (TNAF) between treatment groups was found, either before or after treatment (p > 0.05). The results demonstrate that (TNAF) is not as sensitive a measure of decongestion as F MIN. The findings of this study show that pseudoephedrine had no effect on the decongestion phase of the nasal cycle, but did significantly limit the congestion phase. The decongestant action may be explained by the sympathomimetic supplementing the natural sympathetic nervous activity to the nasal blood vessels. Common Cold Centre, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom. Jawad S S SS Eccles R R eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Sympathomimetics 299-42-3 Ephedrine IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Common Cold complications Ephedrine administration & dosage Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage Nasal Obstruction drug therapy etiology physiopathology Sympathomimetics administration & dosage Treatment Outcome 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695162 9695161 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Reciprocal changes in nasal resistance in response to changes in posture. 69-72 Unilateral nasal resistance to airflow has been reported to be affected by a change in position of the body. On changing from an erect position to a recumbent one, there is an increase in total nasal resistance to airflow which is thought to be caused by congestion of the nasal venous erectile tissue due to an increase in the jugular venous pressure. Changing from the erect or the supine position to the lateral recumbent position is known also to result in congestion of the ipsilateral or dependent nasal passage. Application of unilateral pressure to the axillary region results in congestion ipsilaterally and decongestion contralaterally. The effect of the lateral recumbent position has been investigated both in the dependent nasal passage and the contralateral nasal passage. Also examined is the effect on the total nasal resistance and the normal nasal cyclic activity. Physiology Dept., University College, Cardiff, UK. Babatola F D FD eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM S Adult Airway Resistance Humans Nasal Cavity physiology Posture physiology 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695161 9695160 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airflow in growth hormone treatment. 66-8 Nasal congestion due to hormonal influences has been recognized as a clinical entity, and a "hormonal rhinitis" has been proposed to occur in acromegaly. In this study we investigated the effect of low-dose recombinant human growth hormone over eight weeks on nasal congestion as measured by nasal peak flow in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical trial in ten patients with short bowel syndrome. The treatment did not induce a significant nasal congestion. Whether higher doses as used in many catabolic conditions do remains to be determined. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mölndal Hospital, Sweden. Ellegård E E Ellegård L L eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 9002-72-6 Growth Hormone IM Adult Aged Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Female Growth Hormone therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Obstruction drug therapy etiology physiopathology Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Short Bowel Syndrome complications Treatment Outcome 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695160 9695159 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2004 12 03

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist, ONO-1078 (pranlukast) on agonist- and antigen-induced nasal microvascular leakage in guinea pigs. 62-5 The in vivo model of nasal microvascular leakage was used for the nasal allergic challenge in ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs, or nasal stimulation with leukotriene D4 (LTD4) in non-sensitized animals. An intravenous injection of Evans blue dye was given as an index of nasal microvascular leakage. Following the nasal stimulation with LTD4, the concentration of dye in the nasal lavage fluid rapidly increased. Oral administration of ONO-1078 (pranlukast) (3-30 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the LTD4-induced nasal microvascular leakage. In OA-sensitized guinea pigs, the excretions of dye into nasal lavage fluid were recognized soon after the topical antigenic stimulation and continued for over 60 minutes. Oral administration of ONO-1078 (30 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the antigen-induced microvascular leakage. These results suggest that ONO-1078 may be of therapeutic use for nasal allergy. Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan. Shirasaki H H Asakura K K Narita S S Kataura A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Asthmatic Agents 0 Chromones 0 Leukotriene Antagonists 0 Membrane Proteins 0 Receptors, Leukotriene 0 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 0 leukotriene D4 receptor 0 pranlukast 73836-78-9 Leukotriene D4 9006-59-1 Ovalbumin IM Animals Anti-Asthmatic Agents therapeutic use Chromones therapeutic use Disease Models, Animal Guinea Pigs Leukotriene Antagonists Leukotriene D4 antagonists & inhibitors Male Membrane Proteins Ovalbumin immunology Receptors, Leukotriene Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial chemically induced drug therapy immunology 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695159 9695158 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic treatment of posterior epistaxis. 59-61 Posterior epistaxis management remains a challenge. Besides their traumatic character, the usual treatments may cause as much morbidity and even mortality as the underlying pathology. A technique of endoscopically guided monopolar selective cauterisation was introduced in Lausanne at the end of 1987. Since then, 163 patients with a posterior epistaxis have been treated in our department. For 139 of these, endoscopic monopolar cauterization was the first treatment applied. Haemostasis was achieved at the first attempt in 82% of cases. The total success rate, including early recurrences controlled by a new cauterization, was 92%. Endoscopic monopolar cauterization requires the ability to perform nasal endoscopy, but presents few disadvantages. This technique represents a selective, relatively atraumatic, rapid and effective treatment. Moreover, costs are much lower than those of other methods. In our opinion, endoscopic monopolar cauterization should be the treatment of choice for posterior epistaxis. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. Frikart L L Agrifoglio A A eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cautery economics methods Costs and Cost Analysis Endoscopy methods Epistaxis therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Treatment Outcome 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695158 9695157 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2005 11 16

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Difficulties in interpretation of culture results in sinusitis. 55-8 In this article, we try to explain the difficulties met in the bacteriology laboratory when dealing with samples to diagnose sinusitis. The sampling techniques are very important since there are 3 main types of specimen. The transportation also needs to be done in a proper way, because fastidious organisms stop growing if optimal conditions are not achieved, and on the contrary, the commensal flora can overgrow the pathogens. The processing in the laboratory itself follows certain rules in order to reach some standardization. Nevertheless, the culture results are sometimes difficult to interpret. Thus, the clinician as well as the bacteriologist, should relate laboratory results to clinical history. Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Verschraegen G G Mione S S eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bacteria isolation & purification Bacteriological Techniques Humans Microbial Sensitivity Tests Sinusitis microbiology Specimen Handling methods 17 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695157 9695156 1998 12 10 1998 12 10 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 2 1998 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Histochemical detection of lymphatic drainage pathways in the middle nasal meatus. 50-4 Following extensive middle meatal antrostomy, even without manipulation inside the maxillary sinus, a reactive edema of the maxillary sinus mucosa may be subsequently detected. A presumptive correlation has been established between this particular mucosal reaction and insufficient maxillary lymphatic drainage. Histochemical examination of the lymphatic drainage pathways was carried out on surgical specimens. During the performance of surgical maxillary fenestrations, 80 surgical specimens of the middle nasal meatus were obtained including adjacent parts of the medial maxillary wall. The specimens were subjected to visualization of lymphatic vessels based on the histochemical detection of 5'-nucleotidase according to Werner (1993). Both the nasal and the maxillary sinus mucosa showed a distinct superficial and deep longitudinal lymphatic capillary network (15-200 mu phi) with an orientation towards the natural maxillary sinus ostium. The density of the network increased from cranial to caudal, from dorsal to ventral and reached maximum density at the natural maxillary ostium. Lymphatic vessels of the maxillary sinus mucosa were thin but numerous in comparison to nasal vessels. The maxillary lymphatic capillary network showed direct connections to the nasal vessels, not only along the mucosal folds of the primary maxillary sinus ostium, but also in most cases (57%) transmurally through the natural bony gaps of the uncinate process. Grünwald's theory (1910) which states that lymphatic drainage of the maxillary sinus is established exclusively along the mucosal pane through the natural ostium was disproved. Maxillary mucosal congestion subsequent to extensive middle meatal antrostomy may be explained by ablation of the intramural and transmural lymphatic drainage pathways. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg Hospital, Germany. werner.hosemann@klinik.uni-regensburg.de Hosemann W W Kühnel T T Burchard A K AK Werner J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 3.1.3.5 5'-Nucleotidase IM 5'-Nucleotidase analysis Chronic Disease Histocytochemistry Humans Lymphatic System anatomy & histology pathology physiology Maxillary Sinus anatomy & histology pathology Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology pathology Paranasal Sinuses pathology physiopathology surgery Wound Healing 1998 8 8 1998 8 8 0 1 1998 8 8 0 0 ppublish 9695156 9923067 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Septorhinoplasty under general anaesthesia. 204 Anderson P J PJ Nizam M M eng Case Reports Letter

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Emphysema etiology Female Humans Pneumothorax etiology Rhinoplasty adverse effects 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923067 9923066 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Septal mucoperichondrial flap for closure of nostril in atrophic rhinitis. 202-3 The aetiology of primary atrophic rhinitis is still unknown. Treatment of this disease is conservative in the first place. Surgery is indicated if the medical treatment fails. The aim of surgery is either to narrow the nasal cavity or in special cases to close the nostril. Closure of the nostril (Young's operation), is achieved by raising a circular skin flap. Raising the skin flap is difficult, the suture line may break down and an excessive scar tissue may form resulting in vestibular stenosis. We therefore developed a septal mucoperichondrial flap to close the nostril. This new and easy technique has been used to treat 17 patients with excellent results. The description of this technique and the results of surgery will be discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia. el Kholy A A Habib O O Abdel-Monem M H MH Abu Safia S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Rhinitis, Atrophic surgery Surgical Flaps Treatment Outcome 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923066 9923065 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Combined functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS): a revisited approach. 196-201 A technique of combined functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was carried out through the nose to clear up the ostiomeatal complex. A small window was then created in the canine fossa to remove the maxillary sinus pathology under endoscopic control. It aims at the complete removal of maxillary sinus pathology, which cannot be safely removed via the middle meatus while preserving the rest of the mucosa to ensure sinus rehabilitation. It also helps the surgeon in case of difficulty in locating the ostium during FESS. A series of 36 patients was studied over a period of two years, with a follow up, up to two years, post operatively. The present technique proved to be complementary to FESS with no serious complications. It is recommended for cases of recurrent antrochoanal polyps, oroantral fistula, sinusitis of dental origin or fungal infection of the nose and sinuses. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. hen@cns.egypt.com el-Hennawi D M DM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis etiology surgery Treatment Outcome 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923065 9923064 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Maxillary sinus mucocoeles--10 cases--8 treated endoscopically. 192-5 Maxillary sinus mucocoeles are rare, but may cause significant problems outside the sinus including diplopia and cheek swelling. We present 9 patients suffering from maxillary sinus mucocoele, including one patient with bilateral involvement, representing 10 involved sinuses. Eight sinuses were treated endoscopically and followed-up for 3 to more than 6 years; one of these developed a recurrence. Two sinuses were treated using a classical external approach (Caldwell-Luc), one at the beginning of our series, and one as the endoscopic technique was difficult to perform due to loss of anatomical landmarks. One of these two sinuses developed a recurrence and was then successfully treated endoscopically. We discuss the aetiology, pathogenesis and appropriate treatment of this unusual condition. Endoscopic treatment appears to be effective and leads to minimal recurrence. The aim is to perform a wide removal of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus including most of the inferior turbinate, immediately posterior to the lachrymal duct leaving intact the sinus mucosa. In some cases, however, the endoscopic technique can be difficult to perform due to loss of essential anatomical landmarks and in these cases recourse to an external approach may be necessary. Service ORL A, Hôpital Saint-Charles, CHU de Montpellier, France. Makeieff M M Gardiner Q Q Mondain M M Crampette L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography surgery Middle Aged Mucocele radiography surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases radiography surgery Recurrence Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923064 9923063 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Wegener's granulomatosis--a review of diagnosis and treatment in 53 subjects. 188-91 We reviewed 79 patients with clinically suspected Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) diagnosed in Nottingham between 1990 and 1997. Fifty-three patients were confirmed as having WG. We describe the symptoms and signs, features of diagnostic significance, ANCA results, biopsy sites, histology, treatment and outcome in this group. Nasal symptoms and signs had a positive predictive value of 63%, c-ANCA at presentation 100%, and positive nasal biopsy 100%. The negative predictive values were 41%; 79% and 74% respectively. From this study, we recommend that patients who have a negative ANCA and where there remains a clinical suspicion of WG, an ENT examination should be undertaken. Whilst a suspicious lesion should be biopsied and a positive histological picture has a 100% positive predictive value, a negative nasal biopsy does not exclude WG as 5 patients went on to develop a positive ANCA up to 4 years later. In 11 ANCA negative patients where there were signs of nasal mucosal disease, 6 had a positive biopsy and this highlights the importance of nasal biopsy. The c-ANCA should be repeated in patients with a negative c-ANCA and biopsy results at presentation, in whom there remains a clinical suspicion of WG. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham. Jennings C R CR Jones N S NS Dugar J J Powell R J RJ Lowe J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases etiology Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome Wegener Granulomatosis complications diagnosis drug therapy 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923063 9923062 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The role of acoustic rhinometry in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of surgery for nasal obstruction. 184-7 This is a prospective study evaluating the role of acoustic rhinometry (AR) in the measurement of nasal patency before and after surgery for nasal obstruction. We examined 27 patients before and 2 to 6 months after septoplasty associated with turbinoplasty, cauterisation of the inferior turbinates, rhinoplasty or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in some cases. Surgery was performed for subjective nasal obstruction and indication based on symptoms and clinical findings. AR was performed after indication was made. Patients were evaluated for this study by marking subjective global nasal obstruction on a visual analogue scale and by AR before and after decongestion. All patients noted an improvement of subjective nasal patency after surgery. Mean unilateral minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) of the preoperatively narrower side and total MCA both increased but showed wide ranges with also negative results. The total volume of the nasal fossae did not increase. The volume of the preoperatively narrower nasal fossa increased with surgery, but there are enormous ranges. We could not find any correlation between the MCA of the preoperatively narrower side or the total MCA and subjective nasal patency, neither before nor after surgery. The same was the case for the volume of the nasal fossae. In our opinion AR is not a valuable method for the indication or evaluation of surgery for nasal obstruction. Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervicofaciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland. reber@swissonline.ch Reber M M Rahm F F Monnier P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Adult Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted instrumentation Female Humans Linear Models Male Manometry methods Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Obstruction etiology physiopathology surgery Nasal Septum surgery Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923062 9923061 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Improved nasal breathing in snorers increases nocturnal growth hormone secretion and serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 subsequently. 179-83 In snoring men improved nasal breathing during sleep has been shown to decrease snoring and morning tiredness. The aim was to evaluate whether improved nasal breathing had any effect on growth hormone (GH) secretion, the nocturnal secretion of GH being associated with deep sleep. Forty-two snoring men, mean age 45 years and mean body mass index 26 kg.m-2, slept every night during one month with the Nozovent nostril dilator. Before and at the end of the test period, we analysed serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (free T4), free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (free T3), cortisol and testosterone in blood sampled at 08:00 h. Fifteen of the 37 snoring men who completed the study experienced a reduction in snoring and were less tired in the morning during the test period. In this group, the mean IGF-1 concentration was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after one month. There was no significant difference in mean IGF-1 level between the snorers and a population sample. Likewise, TSH, free T4, free T3, cortisol and testosterone concentrations were within normal limits. Snorers with reduced snoring and morning tiredness due to improved nasal breathing showed an increase in morning IGF-1 concentration which can probably be explained by higher nocturnal GH secretion induced by more deep sleep. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden. loeth@bigfoot.com Löth S S Petruson B B Lindstedt G G Bengtsson B A BA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 12629-01-5 Human Growth Hormone 67763-96-6 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I IM Adult Dilatation instrumentation Human Growth Hormone blood secretion Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor I secretion Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Radioimmunoassay Respiration Snoring blood physiopathology prevention & control 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923061 9923060 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Cefuroxime axetil versus clarithromycin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. 173-8 Acute maxillary sinusitis is a common condition requiring broad-spectrum therapy to prevent development of chronic disease. A randomised, double-blind, multicentre study was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of cefuroxime axetil 250 mg twice daily (n = 185) and clarithromycin 250 mg twice daily (n = 185), both administered for 10 days, in the treatment of patients with acute sinusitis. Efficacy was determined by assessment of clinical response at post-treatment and follow-up, and by radiological assessment at pre-treatment and follow-up. Assessment of days absent from work due to illness was also made. In the cefuroxime axetil group, 169/185 (91%) patients were cured/improved at post-treatment, as were 172/185 (93%) patients receiving clarithromycin and, of these, 137/169 (81%) and 143/172 (83%) maintained their response at follow-up. Follow-up radiography showed a reduction in incidence of air fluid level and/or opacification from 96% to 15% (cefuroxime axetil) and from 96% to 11% (clarithromycin), and a decrease in frequency of mucosal thickening from 58% to 28% (cefuroxime axetil) and from 56% to 29% (clarithromycin). Only 10% of patients in either group experienced adverse events and days absent from work were comparable. This study demonstrated clinical equivalence between twice-daily cefuroxime axetil and clarithromycin, both treatments being effective and well tolerated. Medical Clinic, Reykjavik, Iceland. Stefansson P P Jacovides A A Jablonicky P P Sedani S S Staley H H eng Clinical Trial Clinical Trial, Phase IV Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Cephalosporins 55268-75-2 Cefuroxime 64544-07-6 cefuroxime axetil 81103-11-9 Clarithromycin IM Absenteeism Acute Disease Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Cefuroxime analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Cephalosporins therapeutic use Chi-Square Distribution Clarithromycin therapeutic use Confidence Intervals Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis drug therapy 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923060 9923059 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2007 11 14

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Responses to nasal irritation obtained from the human nasal mucosa. 168-72 Responses to chemical irritation can be obtained from the human respiratory mucosa in response to stimulation with gaseous CO2; these negative mucosal potentials (NMPs) are thought to be summated receptor potentials from chemosensitive nociceptors. The present study aimed to investigate the relation of this response to both stimulus concentration and perceived intensity. A total of 29 healthy volunteers participated. Maximum negative amplitudes occurred 1.1 s after stimulus onset. The negativity exhibited a higher coefficient of correlation to intensity estimates of the painful sensations (r = .65) than to the stimulus concentration (r = .46); it appeared at the same time when the subjects' tracking of the painful sensations reached its maximum amplitude. These findings suggest that the NMP is suited for the investigation of peripheral nociceptive events in man. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden, Germany. thummel@rcs.urz.tu-dresden.de Hummel T T Kraetsch H G HG Pauli E E Kobal G G eng P01 DC 00161 DC NIDCD NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Irritants 124-38-9 Carbon Dioxide IM Adult Analysis of Variance Carbon Dioxide pharmacology Female Humans Irritants pharmacology Male Nasal Mucosa drug effects Pain physiopathology Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Stimulation, Chemical 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923059 9923058 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of some important anatomical variations and dangerous areas of the paranasal sinuses by CT for safer endonasal surgery. 162-7 The purpose of this study is to determine some important variations and dangerous areas carrying risks for major complications, in the routine CT examination. We also made specific measurements to evaluate the individual differences. This prospective study consisted of 111 patients (222 sides). Eighty patients underwent coronal, and the rest coronal and axial CT. The depth of lamina cribrosa, its distance to the inferior turbinate, and the distance of anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) either to the orbital roof or inferior turbinate were measured. Variations of the upper attachment of uncinate process were encountered in 23%. AEA coursed freely within ethmoidal cells in 43%. Anterior clinoid aeration was seen in 14%, optic canal bulging into the sphenoid sinus in 13% and an extreme medial course of the carotid canal in 12% of the patients. The mean depth of lamina cribrosa was 5.9 mm, and its mean distance to the inferior turbinate was 25.7 mm. The mean distance of AEA to the orbital roof was 13.7 mm, and to the inferior turbinate 30.05 mm. Anterior clinoid aeration correlated well with the variations of carotid and optic canals, statistically (p < 0.01). A detailed CT study will provide important information on the areas carrying risks of complications and the size of the area to be worked on. Department of Ear-Nose and Throat, Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey. Başak S S Karaman C Z CZ Akdilli A A Mutlu C C Odabaşi O O Erpek G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinuses pathology radiography surgery Prospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923058 9923057 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mechanisms of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF release in nasal secretions of allergic patients after nasal challenge. 156-61 Cytokines are potentially active biological peptides that are known to play an important role in several immune responses. Several studies have reported the existence of a variety of cytokines in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis. However, there are few reports on cytokines released into the nasal secretion. In the present study, we investigated the sources, and levels of three key proinflammatory cytokines namely, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in the nasal secretion, as well the mechanisms of their release, by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Firstly, we examined the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in the nasal secretion after in vivo nasal challenge with methacholine (MC), histamine (HI) and allergen (Ag) in patients with nasal allergy to house dust mite (HDMAR). Next, we examined the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF released, in vitro, after Ag challenge of nasal scrapings from patients with HDMAR. Finally, we examined the sources of these cytokines in the nasal mucosa, by immunohistochemistry. After MC challenge in patients with HDMAR, the concentration of IL-6, but not IL-8, and GM-CSF, was significantly greater on the challenged side than on the contralateral side. Ag and HI provocation induced significantly greater levels of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in patients with HDMAR, on the challenged side than on the contralateral side. GM-CSF was only detected in the nasal secretion after Ag challenge. Immunoreactivity for IL-6 and IL-8 was very similar in that it was predominantly localised to the apical portion of epithelial cells, the superficial lamina propria, gland cells, and migrating cells. The immunoreactivity for GM-CSF varied slightly from that of IL-6 and IL-8: strong immunoreactivity was detected in the basal part of epithelial cells, basement membrane, glandular ducts, and migrating cells. These results suggest that the levels, sources, and mechanisms of release of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in the nasal secretion of patients with HDMAR do vary, but are important in the manifestation of the allergic reaction. Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. ent-kimi@nms.ac.jp Ohkubo K K Ikeda M M Pawankar R R Gotoh M M Yagi T T Okuda M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Interleukin-6 0 Interleukin-8 83869-56-1 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor IM Animals Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor immunology metabolism Humans Immunohistochemistry Interleukin-6 immunology metabolism Interleukin-8 immunology metabolism Mites Mucus metabolism Nasal Mucosa secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology metabolism Sensitivity and Specificity 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923057 9923056 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2006 11 15

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Experimentally induced nasal hypersecretion does not reduce the efficacy of intranasal levocabastine. 153-5 In allergic rhinitis, a nasal H1-antihistamine spray seems to be well suited for usage on an as-needed basis, because it has a quick onset of action, and many patients prefer to take medicine only when they have symptoms. It is a prerequisite, however, that nasal hypersecretion during a rhinitis episode does not significantly reduce the efficacy of intranasal treatment by washing away the drug before it reaches the H1-histamine receptors. In order to investigate this problem, we have induced nasal hypersecretion with a methacholine challenge in one experiment and in four experiments we have washed the nasal cavities 0.5 min. before, 5 min. before, 0.5 min. after and 5 min. after intranasal use of the H1-antagonist, levocabastine. The symptom response to a subsequent histamine challenge was used as the effect parameter. Levocabastine reduced the number of histamine-induced sneezes with 81% (p < 0.0001) and the secretion weight with 62% (p < 0.001) compared with placebo. Neither methacholine-induced hypersecretion nor washing the nose with saline reduced the efficacy of the antihistamine spray. We conclude that experimentally induced nasal hypersecretion does not reduce the efficacy of the antihistamine spray, and probably the same applies to rhinorrhea during an acute episode of allergic rhinitis. Department of Pediatrics, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Borum S S Nielsen K K Bisgaard H H Mygind N N eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Piperidines 51-45-6 Histamine 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride 79516-68-0 levocabastine IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Analysis of Variance Double-Blind Method Female Histamine administration & dosage Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Male Methacholine Chloride administration & dosage Nasal Lavage Fluid Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Piperidines administration & dosage therapeutic use Rhinitis drug therapy Sneezing Statistics, Nonparametric 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923056 9923055 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2005 11 16

0300-0729 36 4 1998 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mucin gene expression and mucin secretion in human airway epithelium. 146-52 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Yoon J H JH Park I Y IY eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Mucins 0 RNA, Messenger IM Cell Differentiation Epithelium secretion Gene Expression Humans Mucins genetics secretion RNA, Messenger metabolism Respiratory System cytology secretion 71 1999 1 29 1999 1 29 0 1 1999 1 29 0 0 ppublish 9923055 9403947 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary sinus. A case report. 140-1 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yil University, Van, Turkey. Dilek F H FH Kiriş M M Uğraş S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 57-88-5 Cholesterol IM Adult Cholesterol Granuloma, Foreign-Body complications pathology Humans Hypercholesterolemia complications Male Maxillary Sinus pathology Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications pathology 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403947 9403946 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2005 11 16

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Isolated sphenoid sinus aspergillomas. 136-9 Fungi are more often than previously believed to be the causative organisms of paranasal sinusitis. Aspergillus, a fungus belonging to the Ascomycetes class, accounts for the majority of these infections, which affect not only debilitated patients but healthy people as well. There are two distinct clinical forms of Aspergillus sinusitis, invasive and non-invasive, and each of them is further divided in two subtypes. Isolated aspergillosis of the sphenoid sinus is a rare disease, which is usually misdiagnosed for a long time because of its varying symptomatology. In the present study, four cases of isolated sphenoid Aspergillus disease are described and the recent literature is reviewed. Physicians should be aware of this rare clinical entity, as in many cases early diagnosis and appropriate treatment provide the key to achieve favourable outcomes. ENT Department, University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Greece. Yiotakis I I Psarommatis I I Seggas I I Manolopoulos L L Ferekidis E E Adamopoulos G G eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aspergillosis radiography surgery Combined Modality Therapy Endoscopy Female Humans Middle Aged Sphenoid Sinusitis microbiology radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 25 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403946 9403945 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Isolated sphenoid sinusitis. 132-5 Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a relatively rare clinical entity and can cause severe complications. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy using Hopkins telescopes and coronal and axial paranasal-sinus CT made the diagnosis of the sphenoid sinus disease easier. Eight out of 221 patients with paranasal sinus infection refractory to medical treatment--and treated surgically at the 2nd ENT Clinic of Ankara Numune Hospital between 1990-1995--had isolated sphenoid sinus infection. The most common symptom was headache felt in the retro-orbital region. Surgical procedure was intranasal endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus. The symptoms of the patients with isolated sphenoid sinusitis were completely resolved after surgery. As the literature is reviewed, it is concluded that endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus disease is the most appropriate method of surgery in order to reduce intra-operative morbidity and mortality. Second ENT Clinic, Ankara Numune Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Turgut S S Ozcan K M KM Celikkanat S S Ozdem C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Sphenoid Sinusitis etiology radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403945 9403944 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Patterns of hospital attendance with epistaxis. 129-31 The age and sex distribution of epistaxis admissions to hospital was examined. A retrospective analysis of 6,885 patients admitted to hospitals in the whole of Wales was performed, over a period of five years. The findings were compared with data from the 1991 National Population Census for the same region, thus providing a more representative estimate of the behaviour of this disease. A clear age relationship is demonstrated, with the incidence of epistaxis increasing rapidly after the age of 40 years. The female-to-male ratio is also age dependent. In the group aged between 20 to 49 years twice as many males as females were admitted, where no sex difference was expected from the population data. This difference was not present in the group aged 50 years and over where the ratio was similar to that in the underlying population. There was a 1.6 fold difference between the sex ratios of the two groups (95% confidence intervals of 1.9 to 1.4; p < 0.0001). It is possible that the female pre-menopausal state may provide a significant protection from this disease. The mechanism for this is unknown, but may be secondary to a direct effect of oestrogen on the nasal mucosa or vasculature, or the healing of vessels in this region. Alternatively, this observation may simply be a reflection of protection the pre-menopausal state provides against cardiovascular disease in general. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Tomkinson A A Roblin D G DG Flanagan P P Quine S M SM Backhouse S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Child, Preschool Confidence Intervals Epistaxis epidemiology Female Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Patient Admission statistics & numerical data Retrospective Studies Sex Distribution Wales epidemiology 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403944 9403943 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A quantitative appraisal of change in nasal tip projection after open rhinoplasty. 124-8 Exact knowledge about the magnitude of the factors influencing nasal tip projection (NTP) as a result of surgery are scarce. This study focuses on NTP changes after primary rhinoplasty using open transcolumellar approach in combination with a columellar strut, while specifically addressing four different nasal tip surgery techniques. Measurements were taken from standardised pre- and post-operative profile photographs of 73 patients with a minimal follow-up of one year. No statistically significant differences in pre- and post-operative NTP could be noted for the total group of patients. Only the group of patients in whom a nasal tip graft was applied a mean increase in NTP could be measured. A comparison of selected data from our study to data of previous studies on NTP changes after endonasal rhinoplasty demonstrates the effectiveness of the columellar strut for maintenance of NTP. Overall, our findings testify to the versatility of cartilage-structuring techniques including columellar struts and tip grafts for NTP maintenance or increase. The quantitative effect of the open approach itself on NTP remains elusive and needs further study. Department of Otolaryngology/Facial Plastic Surgery, Gooi Noord Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands. Vuyk H D HD Oakenfull C C Plaat R E RE eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Esthetics Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose anatomy & histology Rhinoplasty methods Statistics, Nonparametric Treatment Outcome 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403943 9403942 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2009 11 03

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Relationship between nasal nitric oxide concentration and nasal airway resistance. 120-3 In the present study the relationship between nasal nitric oxide (NO) concentration and nasal airway resistance (NAR) was investigated in healthy volunteers at rest. Endothelially derived NO is established as a potent vasodilator and as such may be involved in the regulation of the nasal vasculature. Nasal airway resistance is dependent upon the tone of the nasal vasculature. It is therefore suggested that NO may play a role in the regulation of nasal airway resistance. Nasal NO concentration and nasal airway resistance were measured in 123 healthy volunteers. Posterior rhinomanometry was used to obtain the total and unilateral nasal airway resistance. Nasal NO concentration was measured from both the left and the right nostrils, consecutively, during a 20-sec breath hold, using a chemiluminescence gas analyser. NO was measured by sealing a cannula into each nostril consecutively and drawing air through both nasal passages. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the concentrations of NO from the left and the right nostrils (p = 0.7). This indicated that the sampling technique provide a measure of nasal NO which was independent of the side of the nose used for sampling. The mean (+/- s.d) NO concentration sampled from the left nostril was 1,145 +/- 367 ppb. The mean NO concentration sampled from the right nostril was 1,163 +/- 401 ppb. There was a highly significant correlation between the right and left measurements (rho, corrected for ties = 0.95, p < 0.0001). The mean total NAR (+/- s.d) was 0.25 +/- 0.06 Pa/cm3/s. The mean left NAR was 0.50 +/- 0.28 Pa/cm3/s, whilst the mean right NAR was 0.48 +/- 0.31 Pa/cm3/s. There was no significant correlation between total NAR and the left nasal NO concentration (rho = 0.10) or total NAR and right nasal NO concentration (rho = 0.05). Similarly, no correlation was found between the left or right unilateral NAR and left or right nasal NO concentration, respectively. The results of the present study on healthy volunteers demonstrate that the nasal concentration of NO is not related to the total NAR. However, the present study cannot eliminate the possibility that nasal NO may be involved in the regulation of unilateral NAR. Common Cold Centre, School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences, University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Ferguson E A EA Eccles R R eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 10102-43-9 Nitric Oxide IM Adult Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry Nasal Mucosa secretion Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nitric Oxide metabolism Statistics, Nonparametric 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403942 9403941 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The incidence of sinusitis in patients with multiple sclerosis. 118-9 A retrospective study was performed to assess the incidence of sinus disease in patients with MS. The MRI scans of 108 patients referred to a regional Neurosciences Unit with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis were examined. There were 71 females and 37 males with an age range of 22 to 67 years (mean: 39.7 years). The sagittal and axial images were reviewed and the degree of sinus disease noted. This was graded as absent, minimal, polypoid and pansinus. Fifty-seven patients (53%) had disease, the most common sinus involved was the maxillary followed by the ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid. Thirty-six patients had bilateral disease affecting the ethmoid sinuses most commonly. Three patients had fluid levels and four patients had retention cysts. The incidence of sinus disease is higher than in some other studies of normal populations. Department of Radiology, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Jones R L RL Crowe P P Chavda S V SV Pahor A L AL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Multiple Sclerosis complications Paranasal Sinuses pathology Retrospective Studies Sinusitis complications diagnosis pathology 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403941 9403940 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Polypoid rhinosinusitis in patients with host defence deficiencies: cellular infiltration and disease severity. 113-7 Polypoid rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammatory, mucosal disease. Eosinophils may play a key role in driving and maintaining this inflammation. Polyps in conditions associated with chronic infective rhinosinusitis--such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia--however have been described as neutrophilic. We compared cell counts in polyps from 55 patients with host-defence deficiencies (HDD) to polyps from 50 patients without HDD. The CT-scan appearance was also compared to the cell counts in the HDD group. No difference was detected in the percentage of patients with eosinophils from either group. Significantly more patients in the HDD group had polyp neutrophils (p < 0.001). Non-HDD-patient polyps contain more eosinophils (p < 0.000) whilst HDD-patient polyps contained more neutrophils (p = 0.005) and plasma cells (p = 0.05). Significant correlation was found between the neutrophil count and the CT score (p = 0.012) and the mast-cell count and the CT score (p = 0.02). Eosinophils are present in HDD and non-HDD polyps. Whilst the degree of cellular infiltration may vary, to classify polyps as eosinophilic or neutrophilic may be a false distinction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Rowe-Jones J M JM Trendell-Smith N N Shembekar M M Mackay I S IS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Case-Control Studies Cell Count Chi-Square Distribution Endoscopy Eosinophilia immunology pathology surgery Female Humans Immunocompromised Host Linear Models Male Nasal Polyps immunology pathology surgery Neutrophils pathology Rhinitis immunology pathology surgery Sinusitis immunology pathology surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403940 9403939 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2010 11 18

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effect of nasal lavage on nasal symptoms and physiology in wood industry workers. 108-12 Nasal complaints and impaired nasal physiology are common in various occupational environments. Saline lavage has been recommended as treatment but has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. In this cross-sectional study of 45 wood industry workers, a significant decrease in nasal symptoms (such as obstruction, posterior secretions, itching, irritation and sneezing) was seen after a 3-week treatment with Rhinomer, which contains de-ionized, sterilized, isotonic seawater. Nasal peak expiratory flow (NPEF), especially in workers with nasal complaints, and nasal mucociliary clearance also improved significantly. The treatment, according to participants, was simple to perform and there were only a few side effects. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. Holmström M M Rosén G G Wåhlander L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust 0 Isotonic Solutions IM Adult Analysis of Variance Cross-Sectional Studies Dust adverse effects Female Humans Isotonic Solutions Male Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance physiology Nose Diseases drug therapy etiology physiopathology Occupational Diseases drug therapy etiology physiopathology Occupational Exposure Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Seawater Statistics, Nonparametric Therapeutic Irrigation methods Treatment Outcome Wood 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403939 9403938 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Combined endoscopic and subciliary orbital decompression for thyroid-related compressive optic neuropathy. 103-7 Compressive optic neuropathy is a feared, although unusual, complication of thyroid-related orbitopathy. A variety of surgical approaches have been described to achieve orbital decompression and alleviate the hallmark apical orbital crowding of this condition. We describe a subciliary anterior orbitotomy approach to the floor combined with an endoscopic medial wall resection. The anterior orbitotomy allows removal of the bones of the orbital floor both medial and lateral to the canal of the infraorbital nerve. The anterior orbital floor is retained for globe support. This combined approach retains the low morbidity of the endoscopic operation while achieving increased apical medial orbital wall and orbital floor decompression. We describe two illustrative cases where this approach produced a dramatic improvement in visual function. The surgical refinements associated with this combined approach offer technical advantages over other operations in the treatment of thyroid-related compressive optic neuropathy. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA. Graham S M SM Carter K D KD eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Endoscopy Female Humans Hyperthyroidism complications Male Middle Aged Nerve Compression Syndromes etiology surgery Optic Nerve Diseases etiology surgery Orbit surgery Visual Fields 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403938 9403937 1998 01 29 1998 01 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 3 1997 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinonasal surgery in the management of primary headaches. 98-102 Primary headaches (migraine, cluster, tension-type) are common disorders thought to be unrelated to nasal and sinus abnormalities. We present data on 19 patients with refractory primary headaches in the absence of significant sinus symptoms. The majority of patients responded with decreased pain to office application of nasal anaesthesia. A high prevalence of sinonasal abnormalities was found on coronal CT scans. Seventy-nine per cent responded with either decreased pain severity or headache frequency after endoscopic sinonasal surgery. We discuss possible underlying mechanisms to explain these findings. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA. Clerico D M DM Evan K K Montgomery L L Lanza D C DC Grabo D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 33507-63-0 Substance P IM Adolescent Adult Endoscopy Female Headache etiology metabolism surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa secretion Pain Measurement Paranasal Sinuses abnormalities radiography surgery Substance P secretion Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1997 12 24 1997 12 24 0 1 1997 12 24 0 0 ppublish 9403937 9200266 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Von Graefe's circular saw for rhinoplasty. 46 Pirsig W W eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q History, 18th Century History, 19th Century Humans Rhinoplasty history instrumentation von Graefe C F CF 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200266 9200265 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2006 04 13

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic excision of a giant pyogenic granuloma of the nasal cavity caused by nasal packing. 44-5 A case of a giant pyogenic granuloma of the inferior turbinate secondary to nasal packing is presented and its removal via an endoscopic approach is detailed. The sinus endoscope provides excellent visualization and operative control during excision, obviating the need for a lateral rhinotomy. Pyogenic granulomas of the posterior nasal cavity are rare, and should be considered when a nasal mass is detected after packing for epistaxis. Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA. Bhattacharyya N N Wenokur R K RK Goodman M L ML eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Endoscopy Epistaxis therapy Female Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable adverse effects Granuloma, Pyogenic etiology pathology surgery Humans Nasal Cavity pathology surgery 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200265 9200264 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2005 11 16

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A case of gustatory rhinorrhoea. 41-3 The authors describe a case of gustatory rhinorrhoea that appeared one year after skull trauma with delayed facial palsy. Traumatic interruption and abnormal regrowth of salivary parasympathetic fibers is hypothesized. In order to explain the pathogenesis of this syndrome an anatomical review of the transpetrosal nerves is included. A review of the literature is also presented. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pisa, Italy. Franceschini S S SS Muscatello L L Berrettini S S eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Eating physiology Facial Paralysis etiology therapy Humans Male Nasal Mucosa innervation secretion Nerve Regeneration Parasympathetic Nervous System injuries physiopathology Salivary Glands innervation Skull Fractures complications Tongue innervation 15 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200264 9200263 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinolithiasis. 39-40 Rhinoliths are mineralized masses located in the nasal cavity. In this report, 12 patients with rhinolithiasis who were operated at the 2nd ENT Clinic of Ankara Numune Hospital are presented. The most frequently seen symptom is nasal obstruction, which has been seen in 9 patients. The disease most frequently seen in association with rhinolithiasis is chronic sinusitis. All masses have been extracted intranasally. ENT Department, Ankara Numune Hospital, Turkey. Celikkanat S S Turgut S S Ozcan I I Balyan F R FR Ozdem C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Calculi complications etiology radiography Child Endoscopy Female Foreign Bodies complications radiography surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity radiography Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Sinusitis complications Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200263 9200262 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Septal reconstruction in nasal septum surgery with a composite-sandwich technique. 37-8 The authors describe a technique to reconstruct the medial and posterior portions of the nasal septum during surgical correction. This technique uses a "composite sandwich" made of two thin strips of Spongostan containing autologous crushed bone and cartilage. Thirty patients have been operated using this technique with satisfying results. ENT Department, Hospital S. Liberatore, Atri, Teramo, Italy. Savoca A A Brandimarte F F Molina S S Perazzitti L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Fibrin Foam 0 Hemostatics IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Fibrin Foam administration & dosage Hemostatics administration & dosage Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Surgical Flaps Surgical Procedures, Operative methods 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200262 9200261 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2007 11 15

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology CO2 laser surgery of hypertrophied inferior turbinates. 33-6 The inferior turbinates are responsible for nasal obstruction in patients with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. Until today there is no satisfactory means of treating hypertrophied turbinates. One hundred and eighty-four patients with nasal obstruction due to hypertrophied inferior turbinates were treated with the CO2 laser using the microscope and a micromanipulator. A few laser spots (1 W, 1 s, laser power density: 2,038 W/cm2) were applied to the head of the turbinate. After a few days a positive effect was present. One hundred and twelve patients were followed for over 2 years. Six months after laser surgery, 87.5% had excellent or good results. After one year, 82.1% of the patients were satisfied, and after 2 years 80.4% were satisfied. The procedure involves little bleeding, no pain and can be done under local anaesthesia in an outpatient setting. Less post-operative wound care is necessary. Therefore, the CO2 laser surgical technique can be considered as an effective method in the treatment of hyperthrophied turbinates. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Germany. Lippert B M BM Werner J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypertrophy complications surgery Laser Therapy Male Manometry Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications Treatment Outcome Turbinates pathology surgery 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200261 9200260 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Computerised tomography evaluation of the frontal recess in inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinus: standardisation of a new technique. 28-32 The authors present a new investigation technique by means of CT of the frontal sinus drainage pathway, the frontal recess, which could be of considerable help in defining its potential role in determining a chronic or recurrent inflammatory process of this cavity. Among the main characteristics of this technique are: (1) a clear presentation of the course and conformation of the recess and its relations with surrounding structures; (2) speedy, and therefore economical, operation (12 min for a complete examination); and (3) tolerability, because this examination starts off with axial-scans, which, compared to CT coronal projections and MRI scans, are less prone to defects and do not require strained postures. This this means that all kinds of patients can be assessed, which is a basic requirement for achieving standardisation. With axial scans the authors work from paraxial reconstructions (oblique sagittal) which, in their opinion, give the best definition of the frontal recess so far recorded. ENT Clinic, University of Sassari, Italy. Meloni F F Stomeo F F Bozzo C C Dal Fiume R R Fancello B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Frontal Sinus anatomy & histology radiography Frontal Sinusitis radiography Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Paranasal Sinuses anatomy & histology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200260 9200259 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Stereological estimation of blood vessel surface and volume densities in human normal and rhinitic nasal mucosa. 22-7 A technique is proposed for applying well-established stereological methods to study fixed nasal biopsy material to obtain an unbiased estimate of blood vessel surface and volume densities. Biopsies of the nasal mucosa from the anterior 10 mm of an inferior turbinate were obtained from 18 subjects (15 males, 3 females with a mean age of 28.5 years [range: 17-54 years]), ten of whom had perennial allergic rhinitis, and eight control subjects. The mucosal tissue volumes were estimated by water displacement. Zamboni's-fixed cryostat sections (10 microns thick), stained with haematoxylin and eosin, were examined histologically. Computerised images of randomly selected tissue sections were analysed with point-counting and intercept-counting techniques to determine large blood vessel volume and surface densities, respectively. There were no significant differences between the volumes of tissue analysed from the control and rhinitic subjects (p = 0.35). The average volume density of the vessels was similar in the control group (6.17 +/- 1.41%) and the rhinitic group (7.8 +/- 5.59%; p = 0.38), but with a greater variability in the rhinitic group. Surface density estimations were 3.14 +/- 0.74 mm-1 in the control group and 3.10 +/- 1.41 mm-1 in the rhinitic group. Therefore, on average, the volume and surface densities of the cavernous blood vessels in rhinitis were unaltered and there was no evidence of vascular remodelling. Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Abrams D C DC Toynton S C SC Doré C C Emson M A MA Taylor P P Springall D R DR Pride N N Weston J J Schroter R C RC Polak J M JM eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Biopsy Case-Control Studies Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Likelihood Functions Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa blood supply Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial pathology surgery Software Turbinates surgery 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200259 9200258 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2006 04 24

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Chemohormonal therapy for malignant melanomas of the nasal and paranasal mucosa. 19-21 We present three cases of primary malignant melanoma of the nasal or paranasal mucosa that were successfully treated by chemohormonal therapy using tamoxifen (TAM), an anti-estrogen agent. All of the patients showed good responses. TAM is widely known to be an anti-estrogen chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of breast cancer and is thought to exert its anti-neoplastic effect in breast cancer tissues by competing with estrogen for estrogen receptors. The mechanism of the effect of TAM in malignant melanoma is not yet known. Although its anti-neoplastic mechanism requires further exploration, we believe that chemohormonal therapy may become important in multidisciplinary treatment of malignant melanoma of the nasal and paranasal mucosa. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan. Seo W W Ogasawara H H Sakagami M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal 0 Estrogen Antagonists 10540-29-1 Tamoxifen IM Aged Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal therapeutic use Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use Estrogen Antagonists therapeutic use Fatal Outcome Female Humans Male Melanoma drug therapy pathology surgery Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology surgery Nasal Mucosa pathology surgery Nose Neoplasms drug therapy pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms drug therapy pathology surgery Tamoxifen therapeutic use 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200258 9200257 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2007 11 15

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Reduced nasal airway resistance following uvulopalatoplasty. 16-8 Active anterior rhinomanometry was performed on adult healthy snorers before and after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty or laser uvulopalatoplasty. Significant reduction of the nasal airway resistance both before and after pharmacological decongestion of the nasal mucosa was found in a group of 46 patients. Oedema disappearing after surgery may be an explanation for the results. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Lund, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Welinder R R Cardell L O LO Uddman R R Malm L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Humans Laser Therapy Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction etiology physiopathology surgery Palate, Soft surgery Sleep Apnea Syndromes etiology physiopathology surgery Snoring surgery Statistics, Nonparametric Uvula surgery 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200257 9200256 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Anatomical guidelines for intranasal surgery of the lacrimal drainage system. 11-5 To facilitate identification of the nasolacrimal duct during intranasal surgery, we have determined the distances between the lacrimal drainage system and certain anatomical structures on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. A total of 15 adult cadaver skulls were bisected mid-sagittally and evaluated morphometrically. In our specimens, the average distance from the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus to the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) was only 5.5 mm. This rather small distance should be taken into consideration, in order to prevent trauma of the NLD during surgical enlargement of the ostium of the maxillary sinus. The distances from NLD to the anterior surface of the bulla ethmoidalis, the free edge of the uncinate process and the attachment point of the middle turbinate on the lateral nasal wall were found to be 10.2 mm, 8.8 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively. Taking these distances into account, easy identification of the NLD during endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy surgery will be possible. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey. Unlü H H HH Gövsa F F Mutlu C C Yücetürk A V AV Senyilmaz Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cadaver Female Humans Intraoperative Complications prevention & control Lacrimal Apparatus anatomy & histology injuries surgery Male Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology surgery Nasolacrimal Duct 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200256 9200255 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The nasal septum and the development of the midface. A longitudinal study of a pair of monozygotic twins. 6-10 The development of the nose and the growth of the midface has been followed in a pair of identical twins. One of them (twin A) had nasal septum destruction after septal haematoma and abscess at the age of 7 years, and was treated by immediate implantation of homologous septal cartilage from a tissue bank. From 7-17 years of age the growth and development of the nose and face were followed. Lateral cephalograms, photographs, acoustic rhinometry and rhinoscopy were performed. Twin B presented a normal nasal and facial growth and served as control. Twin A developed a saddle nose, an upward displacement of the anterior part of the maxilla, diminished vertical development of the nasal cavity, and a retrognathically positioned maxilla due to decreased anteroposterior maxillary growth. This case report seems to indicate that the cartilaginous nasal septum is an important factor influencing vertical and sagittal growth of the maxilla. ENT Department, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Grymer L F LF Bosch C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess complications physiopathology Airway Resistance Cephalometry Child Hematoma complications physiopathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Maxillofacial Development physiology Nasal Septum growth & development injuries Nose growth & development injuries Twins, Monozygotic 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200255 9200254 1997 09 11 1997 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 1 1997 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Indication, incidence and management of blood transfusion during sinus surgery: a review over 12 years. 2-5 The number of reports about blood transfusion-related HIV and hepatitis virus infections is increasing, presently. Thus, it should seriously be considered to inform the patient of any anticipated blood loss necessitating a transfusion of blood products. This is especially necessary for surgical procedures with only a low risk for high blood loss, such as endonasal surgery as a common otorhinolaryngological procedure. However, reports about the incidence of blood transfusion during this kind of surgery are very rare. The medical histories of 6,296 patients who underwent sinus surgery between 1982-1993 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Kiel were analyzed. Twenty-nine of these patients received a transfusion. Risk factors for required blood, the necessity of pre-operative information and the recommendation policy for pre-operative donation of autologous blood are discussed. The intra-operative blood losses of 120 patients who did not require a transfusion and who underwent sinus surgery in 1986 and 1989, were analyzed. The transfusion rate was 0.46% on average during the 12-year period. The incidence of blood transfusion and the amount of intra-operative blood loss decreased after combination of endonasal surgery with controlled intra-operative hypotension (0.07%; p < 0.01). Risk factors for the necessity of a transfusion in these cases were extensive polyposis and purulent exacerbation of the disease. There are risks for a blood transfusion in endonasal surgery. Every transfusion carries a certain risk for the infection with HIV or hepatitis, therefore every patient should be informed about the possibility of a blood transfusion prior to the operation. Endonasal microscopic sinus surgery performed by well-trained surgeons, combined with controlled intra-operative hypotension lowered the risk for a transfusion significantly (p < 0.01). Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Germany. Maune S S Jeckström W W Thomsen H H Rudert H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM X Adolescent Adult Aged Blood Transfusion statistics & numerical data Blood Transfusion, Autologous Blood-Borne Pathogens Chronic Disease Female HIV Infections transmission Hepatitis, Viral, Human transmission Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Sinusitis surgery 1997 3 1 1997 3 1 0 1 1997 3 1 0 0 ppublish 9200254 9299658 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Transnasal endoscopic excision of an isolated neurofibroma of the nasal septum. 89-91 Neurofibroma may occur in any parts of myelinated nerves having Schwann cells. However, it is extremely rare in the nasal septum. We have had experience with an isolated neurofibroma of the nasal septum which was successfully removed by transnasal endoscopic excision, and describe the clinical, endoscopic surgical and pathological features. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, South Korea. Kim Y D YD Bai C H CH Suh J S JS Song K W KW eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Septum pathology surgery Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Neurofibroma diagnosis pathology surgery 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299658 9299657 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2006 11 15

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Recovery of non-invasive Aspergillus sinusitis by endoscopic sinus surgery. 84-8 No previous data regarding non-invasive Aspergillus sinusitis (NIAS) treated by endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has stated any relevance to pre-operative evaluations, disease entities, and the reversibility of symptoms and the sinus mucosa. This prospective study of 31 patients with NIAS and treated by ESS (Strammberger's method) was designed to tackle the above problems. All patients were followed post-operatively by endoscopy once a week. The most refractory symptom was post-nasal dripping. The other symptoms such as foul odour showed progressive improvement by the second post-operative week. Prolonged saccharin time and disease history longer than two years showed the warning signs of a poor recovery. Most patients belonged to the chronic indolent sinusitis group with 55.5% having a complete recovery within the 9th to 12th post-operative weeks. Most patients of allergic Aspergillus sinusitis manifested a recurrent course within months following a post-ESS silent period. All patients of aspergilloma completely recovered prior to the 8th post-operative week. Department of Otolaryngolgy, Faculty of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Fang S Y SY eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aspergillosis pathology surgery Child Chronic Disease Endoscopy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sinusitis microbiology pathology surgery 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299657 9299656 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Choanal polyps: one entity, one surgical approach? 79-83 Twenty consecutive patients (ten women and ten men; 14 - 66 years old) operated on from September 1993 to November 1995 were included in this study. The only inclusion criterion was a large polyp protruding from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx. CT, MRI and endoscopic sinus surgery identified sites of choanal polyp (CP) origin as follows: maxillary sinus (n = 11), sphenoid sinus (n = 3), posterior ethmoids (n = 4), anterior ethmoids (n = 1), and lateral aspect of the head of the middle turbinate (n = 1). Light microscopy demonstrated no correlation between the site of CP attachment and its morphological appearance, but in two cases of CP (one originating from the sphenoid sinus and the other form the middle turbinate) morphological examination confirmed the diagnosis of inverted papilloma. Long-term follow-up in 15 patients revealed no cases of recurrence. The results obtained allow us to define three types of CP: antrochoanal, sphenochoanal, and ethmochoanal. In case of an unusual site of CP origin, the diagnosis of inverted papilloma should be considered. Clinical Centre of Rhinology, Presidential Medical Centre, Moscow, Russia. Lopatin A A Bykova V V Piskunov G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Endoscopy Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps classification diagnosis surgery Papilloma, Inverted diagnosis Paranasal Sinuses pathology surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299656 9299655 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2006 11 15

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Carcinomas occurring in papillomas of the nasal septum associated with human papilloma virus (HPV). 74-8 Carcinomas arising in pre-existing sinonasal papillomas of the nasal septum are rare. To our knowledge only one case has been reported. We report two cases of carcinomas occurring in septal papillomas. In the first case a carcinoma developed in an exophytic papilloma 16 years after the first operation for a papilloma. In the second case a carcinoma was present at the first presentation within an inverted papilloma, and a metastasis had also developed. In the first case HPV type 6/11 was demonstrated by in-situ hybridisation and PCR in the original papilloma as well as in the recurrent papilloma and in the carcinoma. In the second case HPV type 18 was found in the nasal lesion as well as in the metastasis. All samples were examined for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by PCR, but with negative results. We believe that case one is the first reported case of carcinomatous transformation within an exophytic septal papilloma. Department of Otolaryngology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Buchwald C C Franzmann M B MB Jacobsen G K GK Juhl B R BR Lindeberg H H eng Case Reports Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology therapy virology Female Humans Male Nasal Septum pathology Neoplasms, Multiple Primary pathology therapy virology Nose Neoplasms pathology therapy virology Papilloma pathology therapy Papillomaviridae Polymerase Chain Reaction Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299655 9299654 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard, given alone or in combination, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 67-73 We compared the efficacy and safety of cetirizine (5 mg), pseudoephedrine retard (120 mg), and the combination of cetirizine (5 mg) with pseudoephedrine retard (120 mg), each given twice daily for two weeks to subjects with pollen-associated allergic rhinitis. The study was multicentre and of randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design. Five rhinitis symptoms were rated according to severity on a scale of 0 - 3, daily by patients and at each clinic visit by investigators. A total of 687 patients, aged 9 - 66 years (mean: 32 years) was randomised to treatment (cetirizine: 231; pseudoephedrine: 226; combination: 230). On entry, the three groups were comparable in relevant respects. The primary outcome measure was based on the five symptoms assessed by the patients over the 2-week treatment period. The combination was more effective, providing at least 20% more "comfortable days" (symptoms absent or at most mild) than cetirizine or pseudoephedrine given alone (median values: 53.3%, 30.8%, and 33.3%, respectively; p < 0.001). For nasal obstruction, the combination (mean score: 1.19) was more effective than cetirizine (mean score: 1.43; p = 0.0005), but there was little difference between the combination and pseudoephedrine (mean score: 1.22; not significant). Sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal and ocular pruritus were better controlled by combination (mean 4-symptom score: 0.77) than by pseudoephedrine alone (mean 4-symptom score: 1.12; p < 0.001) and also better than by cetirizine alone (mean 4-symptom score: 0.93; p < 0.001). No unexpected adverse reactions were observed. A combination of cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard is well tolerated and superior to each given alone for moderate to severe allergic seasonal rhinitis, especially when nasal obstruction is a predominant symptom. Centre Claude Bernard, Guilherand-Granges, France. Grosclaude M M Mees K K Pinelli M E ME Lucas M M Van de Venne H H eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Bronchodilator Agents 0 Delayed-Action Preparations 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 299-42-3 Ephedrine 83881-51-0 Cetirizine IM Adolescent Adult Analysis of Variance Bronchodilator Agents administration & dosage adverse effects Cetirizine administration & dosage adverse effects Child Delayed-Action Preparations Double-Blind Method Drug Therapy, Combination Ephedrine administration & dosage adverse effects Female Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage adverse effects Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Statistics, Nonparametric 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299654 9299653 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2003 11 14

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effects of tachykinin receptor antagonists, FK224 and FK888, in a guinea-pig model of nasal allergy. 63-6 The effects of two tachykinin receptor antagonists, FK888 (selective antagonist at the tachykinin NK-1 receptor) and FK224 (dual antagonist at NK-1 and NK-2 tachykinin receptors), on the frequency of sneezing, decrease of nasal patency, and increase of vascular dye leakage induced by antigen challenge upon the guinea-pig nasal mucosa were studied. The animals were sensitized with ovalbumin intraperitoneally. FK224 inhibited and FK888 tended to inhibit the decrease of nasal patency induced by antigen challenge. The increase of vascular dye leakage from nasal mucosa induced by antigen challenge tended to be inhibited by both FK224 and FK888. But both of them did not inhibit the increase of sneezing induced by antigen challenge. We conclude that in the guinea-pig model of nasal allergy, tachykinin receptors mediate plasma leakage and swelling of nasal mucosa induced by antigen challenge, but the participation of an axonal reflex via tachykinin receptors is rather small compared to the direct vascular effect of chemical mediators. Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan. Katahashi T T Konno A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antigens 0 Dipeptides 0 Indoles 0 Peptides, Cyclic 0 Receptors, Neurokinin-1 0 Receptors, Neurokinin-2 125787-94-2 FK 224 138449-07-7 FK 888 9006-59-1 Ovalbumin IM Airway Resistance drug effects Animals Antigens immunology Capillary Permeability drug effects Dipeptides pharmacology Female Guinea Pigs Indoles pharmacology Ovalbumin immunology Peptides, Cyclic pharmacology Receptors, Neurokinin-1 antagonists & inhibitors physiology Receptors, Neurokinin-2 antagonists & inhibitors physiology Respiratory Hypersensitivity physiopathology Sneezing drug effects Statistics, Nonparametric 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299653 9299652 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Common cold and high-dose ipratropium bromide: use of anticholinergic medication as an indicator of reflex-mediated hypersecretion. 58-62 It was our aim to study the role played by parasympathetic reflexes for the amount and physical characteristics of nasal discharge during a common cold, and to define the maximum anti-rhinorrhoea effect obtainable with anticholinergic medication. Fifty adults with naturally acquired colds were treated with a very high dose of the topically active cholinoceptor-antagonists ipratropium bromide in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of parallel groups. A dosage of 400 micrograms was given 4 times daily for 3 days, using a specially manufactured high-dosed pressurized aerosol. This treatment resulted in a 56% reduction in the number of nose blowings (p < 0.01) and a 58% reduction in the weight of blown secretions (p < 0.01). Assessment of the "pourability" of the nasal discharge indicated that ipratropium bromide mainly reduces the watery secretions but not the mucopurulent secretions. The high dose of ipratropium bromide caused nose- and mouth-dryness in a considerable number of the patients. In conclusion: (1) during the first days of a common cold about 60% of the nasal discharge is a reflex-mediated product from nasal glands; (2) this type of secretion is predominantly watery; and (3) ipratropium bromide can reduce watery rhinorrhoea in the common cold, but a lower dose is required in order to avoid side effects. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ostberg B B Winther B B Borum P P Mygind N N eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Parasympatholytics 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Administration, Inhalation Adult Aerosols Double-Blind Method Female Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa secretion Parasympathetic Nervous System physiopathology Parasympatholytics administration & dosage therapeutic use Rhinitis, Vasomotor drug therapy physiopathology Statistics, Nonparametric 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299652 9299651 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Prediction of nasal obstruction based on clinical examination and acoustic rhinometry. 53-7 The aim of this study was to find variables which characterize nasal obstruction. Scores from the clinical history, anterior rhinoscopy and objective values from acoustic rhinometry were found of importance. In a randomly-selected adult population of 230 individuals, 14% had the subjective feeling of nasal obstruction. The variables of significant value to predict nasal obstruction were: (1) symptoms of hypersensitivity/allergy and infection; (2) anterior septal deviations; and (3) small anterior dimensions of the nasal cavity. A minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) equal to 0.50 cm2, a cross-sectional area at the piriform aperture of 0.70 cm2 and a large effect of decongestion at MCA were found to be the best variables to separate obstructed from normal noses. Also, differences between each side of the nose were found of predictive value. In conclusion, a nose at risk for nasal obstruction is one with symptoms of allergy, frequent infections, small dimensions anteriorly, large difference between both sides, and a large degree of swelling of the mucosa. ENT Department, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Grymer L F LF Hilberg O O Pedersen O F OF eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics instrumentation Adolescent Adult Aged Female Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis etiology Predictive Value of Tests Questionnaires Sensitivity and Specificity 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299651 9299650 1997 11 18 1997 11 18 2007 11 15

0300-0729 35 2 1997 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effect of Breathe Right nasal strip on snoring. 50-2 Snoring is a significant problem both for the patient and for the bedpartner. It is well known that nasal stuffiness can contribute to snoring, and sleep quality may deteriorate because of the snoring. Nasal dilation can reduce snoring and improve sleep. Thirty-five habitual snorers (18 female, 17 male) and their bedpartners participated in an open label study. The patients were diagnosed as heavy snorers after they underwent overnight polysomnography showing that their apnoea indexes were below 5, thus sleep apnoea patients were not included in the study. The participants and their partners filled out evaluations concerning snoring intensity, mouth dryness and Epworth Sleepiness Scale prior to and after using Breath Right nasal strips for 14 consecutive nights. The Breathe Right external nasal dilator is a simple, nonpharmaceutical method to decrease nasal airway resistance and thus potentially reduce or eliminate snoring. After using the strips there were statistically significant decreases in snoring (p < 0.001) as graded by the bed partner, and in mouth dryness (p = 0.025) and in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (p = 0.001), as graded by the patient. The results of this study indicate that Breathe Right nasal strips may be used to reduce snoring, mouth dryness and sleepiness in patients presenting with symptoms of snoring. Sleep laboratory, Avesta Hospital, Sweden. Ulfberg J J Fenton G G eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Dilatation instrumentation Evaluation Studies as Topic Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction complications therapy Snoring etiology prevention & control 1997 6 1 0 0 1997 9 23 0 1 1997 6 1 0 0 ppublish 9299650 9532640 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A rare case of nasal schwannoma with intracranial extension. 181-3 A rare case--only the fourth as known--of a nasal schwannoma with intracranial extension is presented. A 28-year-old Japanese man complained of right nasal obstruction and bleeding for one year. A biopsy indicated the presence of a nasal schwannoma. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated intracranial extension of the tumour. The patient underwent surgery with a combined intra- and extracranial approach. Reconstruction was performed using pericranial flaps. Surgical management of this tumour is also described. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan. Hanada T T Fukuiwa T T Matsuzaki T T Hanamure Y Y Niiro M M Ohyama M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Brain Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neoplasm Invasiveness Neurilemmoma diagnosis pathology surgery Nose Neoplasms diagnosis pathology surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532640 9532639 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology On the "let-down" procedure in septorhinoplasty. 178-80 In septorhinoplasty, the classical modified and Cottle's technique may complement each other. The maxilla-premaxilla approach of Cottle can be an utmost tool. Combined "let-down" and "push-down" (LD/PD) procedures can be advantageous in case of: (1) lowering a prominent pyramid while preserving the original profile of the dorsum; (2) lowering a pyramid that, after removal with a rasp knife and scissors, remains too prominent; (3) equalizing a deviated bony vault; and (4) eliminating a cartilaginous hump while preserving the integrity of the upper lateral cartilage. Septum excisions should be done to provide space for LD/PD manoeuvres. São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pinto R M RM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Male Nasal Septum surgery Rhinoplasty methods 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532639 9532638 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2008 11 21

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Plasminogen activators in human nasal polyps and mucosa. 175-7 Fibrinolysis is one of the processes that are involved in inflammation. In this study we have investigated if it is also involved in bilateral nasal polyposis, a disease with an inflammatory component. Fibrinolytic activity in the nasal mucosa and nasal polyps has been studied in 10 patients with bilateral nasal polyposis. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase-like plasminogen activator (u-PA) activities and antigen levels have been determined in polyp tissue and control nasal mucosa. t-PA activity is higher in nasal mucosa (median: 4.26 i.u./mg) as compared with nasal polyps (median: 0.65 i.u./mg; p = 0.03); u-PA activity is slightly lower in nasal mucosa (median: 0.040 i.u./mg) as compared to polyps (median: 0.065 i.u./mg; not significant). The percentage of u-PA to t-PA is 7.9% in nasal mucosa and 22.8% in nasal polyps (p < 0.01). The shift towards a higher u-PA/t-PA ratio in nasal polyps suggests an inflammatory process. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein are all within normal limits, which may suggest that PA activity is restricted to a local inflammatory reaction in the airway mucosa. The higher u-PA/t-PA ratio in nasal polyps and the higher levels of u-PA, when compared with the findings in other organs affected by inflammation, indicate that u-PA plays a part in the inflammatory events resulting in nasal polyps. Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Ribe County Hospital, South Jutland University Centre, Esbjerg, Denmark. Larsen K K de Maat M P MP Jespersen J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 3.4.21.- Plasminogen Activators EC 3.4.21.68 Tissue Plasminogen Activator EC 3.4.21.73 Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa chemistry Nasal Polyps metabolism Plasminogen Activators analysis Tissue Plasminogen Activator analysis Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator analysis 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532638 9532637 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2007 11 15

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Increased eotaxin-mRNA expression in non-atopic and atopic nasal polyps: comparison to RANTES and MCP-3 expression. 171-4 Eosinophilic tissue infiltration of nasal mucosa typical for allergic rhinitis and chronic polypous sinusitis may be due to chemotactic activity of chemokines specific for eosinophils. The CC-chemokines eotaxin, RANTES and MCP-3 have been postulated to be involved in the recruitment of eosinophils to certain inflamed tissues. To explore their possible role in chronic polypous sinusitis we examined eotaxin-, RANTES- and MCP-3-gene expression in human nasal polyps and normal human nasal mucosa of patients undergoing endonasal surgery for treatment of chronic polypous sinusitis. Using gene-specific primers in semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction experiments we found elevated expression of eotaxin- and RANTES-mRNA but no MCP-3-mRNA in non-atopic and atopic nasal polyps when compared to normal nasal mucosa. Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Germany. Bartels J J Maune S S Meyer J E JE Kulke R R Schlüter C C Röwert J J Christophers E E Schröder J M JM eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 CCL11 protein, human 0 CCL7 protein, human 0 Chemokine CCL11 0 Chemokine CCL5 0 Chemokine CCL7 0 Chemokines, CC 0 Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil 0 Cytokines 0 Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins 0 RNA, Messenger IM Adult Chemokine CCL11 Chemokine CCL5 metabolism Chemokine CCL7 Chemokines, CC Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil metabolism Cytokines genetics metabolism Female Humans Hypersensitivity, Immediate complications metabolism Male Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins metabolism Nasal Polyps complications metabolism Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger metabolism 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532637 9532636 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Assessment of cell surface glycoconjugates in normal, benign and malignant human nasal mucosa. 166-70 Aberrant glycosylation of proteins is a common characteristic of neoplastic changes. No reports exist relating cell surface glycoconjugates to normal, benign and malignant human nasal mucosa. Using lectin affinity histochemistry, glycoconjugate reactivities for peanut agglutinin (PNA), concanavalin A (Con A), Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II (GSA-II), soy bean agglutinin (SBA) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin l (UEA-I) were analysed in the following groups: normal, benign (polyp, papilloma, and inverted papilloma) and malignant (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) alone, SCC arising in inverted papilloma, and adenocarcinoma). The positive rate of lectin staining was evaluated using a quantitative AutoCAD programme. We correlated glycoconjugate expression to clinical features, diagnosis, and malignant transformation. The positive rate of PNA after neuraminidase pre-treatment (NA-PNA) staining was higher in inverted papilloma, while all-negative in polyp and papilloma. NA-PNA staining may be used as a differential diagnostic tool. Both inverted papilloma portions and SCC portions of the SCC synchronized with inverted papilloma subjects showed similar Con A and NA-PNA staining patterns. The biological characteristics define inverted papilloma as a pre-malignant neoplasm. The positive rate of PNA staining was significantly higher in inverted papilloma (inverted papilloma transformed to SCC) compared to inverted papilloma alone. Hence, PNA staining may predict malignant transformation of inverted papilloma. However, further investigations are required to prove this possibly worthwhile prognostic marker. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Fang S Y SY Ohyama M M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glycoconjugates 0 Lectins IM Adenocarcinoma metabolism Adult Aged Carcinoma, Squamous Cell metabolism Cell Membrane metabolism Female Glycoconjugates metabolism Humans Lectins metabolism Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism Nasal Polyps metabolism Nose Neoplasms metabolism Papilloma, Inverted metabolism 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532636 9532635 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2010 11 18

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Alpha 1-receptors at pre-capillary resistance vessels of the human nasal mucosa. 161-5 The aim of the present study was to further characterise the alpha-adrenoceptors in pre-capillary arteries of the human nasal mucosa. Mucosa was obtained from patients undergoing endonasal surgery. From the isolated conchae small arteries (diameter: 90-220 microns) were dissected, avoiding any direct traumatisation. The arteries were mounted to a Mulvany-Halpern wire myograph allowing isometric registration of the vessel constriction. Receptor subtypes were characterised using the agonists noradrenaline, phenylephrine and oxymetazoline, and the antagonists prazosine and yohimbine. The EC50 values of the three agonists were in the micromolar range, whereas the Emax values differed. When maximal responses to the agonists were expressed as a percentage of a potassium-induced constriction, values for noradrenaline, phenylephrine and oxymetazoline amounted to 110%, 78% and 21%, respectively. The agonist effects were almost completely blocked by the alpha 1-receptor antagonist prazosine, whereas yohimbine, the alpha 2-receptor antagonist, did not affect the agonist responses. From these results it is concluded that the adrenoceptors in pre-capillary arteries of the mucosa in human central concha are of the alpha-type. Since the decongestive effect of alpha 2-receptor agonists is beyond any doubt, this subtype of the adrenoceptor must be present on the venous capacitance vessels. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kiel University, Germany. Johannssen V V Maune S S Werner J A JA Rudert H H Ziegler A A eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists 0 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists 0 Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 146-48-5 Yohimbine 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline 19216-56-9 Prazosin 51-41-2 Norepinephrine 51-83-2 Carbachol 59-42-7 Phenylephrine 7440-09-7 Potassium IM Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists pharmacology Adult Aged Arterioles chemistry physiology Carbachol pharmacology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa blood supply Norepinephrine pharmacology Oxymetazoline pharmacology Phenylephrine pharmacology Potassium pharmacology Prazosin pharmacology Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 analysis Vasoconstriction drug effects Yohimbine pharmacology 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532635 9532634 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Rhinomanometry, sinus CT-scan and allergy testing in the diagnostic assessment of chronic nasal obstruction. 158-60 In order to assess how effective a combination of diagnostic methods, each addressing specific aetiopathogenic aspects, would be in uncovering the cause of common chronic nasal obstruction, we evaluated 45 consecutive adult subjects. They were submitted to rhinomanometry testing, sinus CT-scans and RASTs to prevalent allergens. Most, but not all, patients ended up showing abnormal results in at least one of the diagnostic procedures. Sinus pathology was, by far, the most frequent diagnosis, while allergy took second place, with a number of atopic subjects displaying sinusitis as well. On the other hand, septal deviations with a significant effect on nasal resistance were only seldom found to be the cause of chronic nasal obstruction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de Pulido Valente, Lisbon, Portugal. Dinis P B PB Haider H H Gomes A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis etiology radiography Paranasal Sinuses radiography Radioallergosorbent Test Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532634 9532633 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence of sinusitis signs on MRI in a non-ENT paediatric population. 154-7 In a population of 100 children with suspected intracranial neurological disease, the overall prevalence of sinusitis signs on magnetic resonance images (MRI) is 45%. This figure exceeds the adult prevalence of 39%, while the nature of the lesions is more severe in children. Furthermore, paediatric sinuses seem to be affected according to a different pattern: adults have mainly maxillary and anterior ethmoidal lesions, whereas in children the sphenoidal and posterior ethmoidal sinuses are frequently involved too. Among children, the overall prevalence increases in the presence of a history of nasal obstruction (prevalence: 50%) and recent upper respiratory tract infection (prevalence: 81%) as well as when bilateral mucosal swelling (prevalence: 80%) or purulent secretions (prevalence: 100%) are seen on anterior rhinoscopy. Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital, Free University, Brussels, Belgium. Gordts F F Clement P A PA Destryker A A Desprechins B B Kaufman L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Belgium epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Prevalence Prospective Studies Sinusitis diagnosis epidemiology 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532633 9532632 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2006 04 21

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Utility of the nasal model in gene transfer studies in cystic fibrosis. 149-53 Despite advances in the treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF), life expectancy for affected patients remains dramatically curtailed. Recent years have produced a spectacular increase in our understanding of the genetic, molecular and physiological bases of this disease. Gene transfer is a new and conceptually-attractive potential treatment for CF. A number of centres have undertaken preliminary human gene-therapy trials. Central to these trials has been the use of the nasal model in gene transfer studies. While the eventual target of gene therapy in CF will be the lungs, the nasal administration of vector offers a number of advantages over the tracheobronchial tree in early experimentation. Implicit in the use of the nasal model is the potential for rhinologic variables to influence the results. We review our own gene transfer studies as well as series from other institutions, considering the role of nasal factors in the experiments' outcomes. Rhinologic variables may, at least partially, potentially explain the sometimes disparate results reported in this emerging area of scientific interest. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA. Graham S M SM Launspach J L JL eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 CFTR protein, human 126880-72-6 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator IM Adenoviridae genetics Administration, Intranasal Cystic Fibrosis genetics therapy Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator genetics Gene Therapy methods Gene Transfer Techniques Genetic Vectors Humans 22 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532632 9532631 1998 05 14 1998 05 14 2007 11 14

0300-0729 35 4 1997 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A test for the screening of taste function. 146-8 The overall aim of the present study was to investigate a new method for the screening of taste function in a clinical context. Instead of dripping liquids onto the tongue, thin edible wavers were used. One-hundred healthy subjects participated in the study (41 male, 59 female; mean age: 52 years; age range: 20-89 years). Supra-threshold taste stimuli were presented as flavoured wavers made from flour and water. Sequential testing was performed regionally on the anterior one-third of the tongue and as whole mouth testing. When comparing ratings for the 5 different wavers separately for regional and whole mouth testing, differences between qualities only emerged for regional testing. Women were found to have less difficulty in taste identification which was most pronounced for regional testing. No effects of the subjects' age were observed. In conclusion, the wavers were found to be easy to use; they have a shelf-life of 2 to 3 years and can be carried in the pocket. The results indicate that the wavers may be suited for the screening of gustatory function, especially in a clinical setting. Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen, Nurnberg, Germany. Hummel T T Erras A A Kobal G G eng P01 DC00161 DC NIDCD NIH HHS United States Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Taste Disorders diagnosis 1998 4 9 1998 4 9 0 1 1998 4 9 0 0 ppublish 9532631 8938893 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with inhalational drug abuse. 188-90 Cerebral venous thrombosis is a life-threatening disorder for which the management has been controversial. A 23-year-old critically-ill man with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (SSST) and cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to sinusitis following inhalational drug abuse was managed with full heparinization from the fourth day of presentation. He went on to make a full recovery. The association between this form of drug abuse, sinusitis and SSST is an important one, and warrants antibiotics and early aggressive anticoagulation therapy. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom. Murthy B V BV Wenstone R R eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Humans Male Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial drug therapy etiology Sinusitis etiology Substance-Related Disorders complications 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938893 8938892 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology An unusual, severe adverse reaction to silver nitrate cautery for epistaxis in an immunocompromised patient. 186-7 Silver nitrate cautery is frequently used to control epistaxis. Although relatively free of side effects, we have encountered a case of a severe mucocutaneous reaction to silver nitrate cautery to the nose. The pathogenesis of this adverse effect is discussed. Department of ENT, Raigmore Hospital NHS Trust, Inverness, United Kingdom. Murthy P P Laing M R MR eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7761-88-8 Silver Nitrate IM Aged Cautery adverse effects Epistaxis immunology therapy Female Humans Immunocompromised Host Multiple Myeloma immunology Nose Diseases chemically induced immunology Silver Nitrate administration & dosage adverse effects 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938892 8938891 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology An expansive papilloma of the nasolachrymal drainage system harbouring human papilloma virus. 184-5 We report a case of an expansive tumour extending from the lachrymal sac into the adjacent maxillary sinus. Histology showed a benign exophytic papilloma. By means of the in situ (DNA) hybridization technique, human papilloma virus (HPV) 6/11 were demonstrated, indicating a viral aetiology, similar to exophytic papillomas of the nose and larynx. Department of Otolaryngology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Buchwald C C Skoedt V V Tos M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Eye Neoplasms pathology virology Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms pathology virology Nasolacrimal Duct pathology Papilloma pathology virology Papillomaviridae isolation & purification 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938891 8938890 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Aspergillomas of the sphenoid sinus: a series of 10 cases treated by endoscopic sinus surgery. 179-83 We report our experience with 10 cases of sphenoidal aspergillomas treated by endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Chronic symptoms such as cough, post-nasal discharge, dysphonia and even facial pain can be encountered in the history. Computerised tomography and, occasionally, magnetic resonance imaging are of great help in the assessment of this disease, especially when extensive skull base involvement is present. The radiological presentation can vary from an heterogeneous to homogeneous opacity with or without bone lysis to a frank pseudotumoural appearance. Four diagnostic tools have been evaluated to confirm the diagnosis: histology, direct smear, fungal cultures, and serology for Aspergillus. ESS has been successfully carried out without morbidity in all cases. No recurrence of the disease is seen after a mean follow-up of 27 months. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Jean-Bernard, University of Poitiers, France. Klossek J M JM Peloquin L L Fourcroy P J PJ Ferrie J C JC Fontanel J P JP eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aspergillosis diagnosis surgery Aspergillus fumigatus Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis microbiology surgery Sphenoid Sinus Time Factors 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938890 8938889 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. 176-8 Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by easily bleeding telangiectases of the skin and mucosa. Epistaxis is the most common symptom of HHT. Larger arteriovenous malformations (AVM) occur in the lungs (in up to 33% of the patients), brain (in up to 11% of patients), and liver. These may cause severe complications which can be prevented by early therapy. To gain insight in the characteristics of epistaxis in HHT, 171 persons were investigated, who either had HHT or participated in a screening programme for relatives of HHT patients. Of these, 58 persons had HHT. Epistaxis without signs of HHT was present in 12 persons, whereas 10% of HHT patients did not have epistaxis. Seventeen HHT patients with epistaxis had visited an otorhinolaryngologist before, without a correct diagnosis of HHT being made. Telangiectases were most common on lips, tongue, the nasal septum, and the turbinates. In view of the prevalence of visceral AVM and the associated complications, HHT patients presenting to an otorhinolaryngologist should be encouraged to engage in a screening programme for these AVM. Department of Pulmonology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. Haitjema T T Balder W W Disch F J FJ Westermann C J CJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Epistaxis epidemiology etiology Female Humans Incidence Male Mass Screening Recurrence Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications prevention & control 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938889 8938888 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A 13-year report on childhood sinusitis: clinical presentations, predisposing factors and possible means of prevention. 171-5 Two hundred and nineteen children with sinusitis treated as in-patients at Huddinge University Hospital during the period 1980-1992 have been reviewed. Epidemiological data, the clinical picture, treatment and complications are described. The prevalence of significant predisposing conditions (such as upper airway allergy, asthma, and immunoglobulin deficiency) has been estimated. Serious sinusitis complications are few, surgery is only rarely required, and previously-recognized important predisposing paediatric conditions are not significantly more common than in the general juvenile population. Improved medication and prevention may have reduced the incidence of serious sinus infections in risk groups today. Children with cystic fibrosis have been reviewed with regard to the necessity of both sinus and nasal polyp surgery. Aggressive medical therapy appears to have reduced their need for sinus surgery as well as polypectomy. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. Henriksson G G Westrin K M KM Kumlien J J Stierna P P eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Case-Control Studies Causality Child Child, Preschool Ethmoid Sinusitis diagnosis epidemiology prevention & control Female Humans Incidence Infant Male Nasal Polyps epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Sinusitis diagnosis epidemiology prevention & control Sweden epidemiology 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938888 8938887 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Eicosanoids from biopsy of normal and polypous nasal mucosa. 166-70 In order to clarify the influence of inflammatory mediators of the arachidonic acid cascade in the mechanism of nasal polyp growth, peptido-leukotriene (pLT), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) synthesis was investigated. In addition to several stimuli, functionally intact human biopsy specimens of polypous and normal tissue were incubated. Especially remarkable was the significantly increased release of pLT by polypous tissue upon arachidonic acid stimulation, in contrast to only slightly elevated PGE2 release compared to normal tissue. Basic release of pLT and PGE2 was similar for polypous and normal tissue. Examining TXB2 release, no significant difference was observed with regard to the origin of tissues. These data support an altered pattern of the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways when tissue becomes irritated and suggest their involvement in the aetiopathogenesis of nasal polyps. Department of Allergology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Baenkler H W HW Schäfer D D Hosemann W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Leukotrienes 363-24-6 Dinoprostone 54397-85-2 Thromboxane B2 IM Biopsy Case-Control Studies Dinoprostone metabolism Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Leukotrienes metabolism Nasal Mucosa metabolism pathology Nasal Polyps etiology metabolism pathology Radioimmunoassay Thromboxane B2 metabolism 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938887 8938886 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The association between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA)-positive Wegener's granulomatosis in a Japanese population. 163-5 The present study examined the association between various human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA)-positive Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) in Japanese subjects to determine whether HLA antigens are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The study involved 16 subjects with cANCA-positive WG treated in our department. HLA-typing of the lymphocytes was performed using a lymphocyte microcytotoxicity assay. Of the subjects with cANCA-positive WG, 62.5% (10/16) were positive for HLA-DR9, as compared to 26% of the healthy control subjects. This HLA-DR9 elevation was statistically significant (p < 0.01, Pc < 0.05); we also noted a weaker association between HLA-B55 and cANCA-positive WG (p < 0.05). The results indicate that an association may exist between certain HLA-class allotypes and WG. Department of Otolaryngology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. Nakamaru Y Y Maguchi S S Takizawa M M Fukuda S S Inuyama Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic 0 HLA Antigens IM Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic analysis Case-Control Studies Female HLA Antigens analysis Histocompatibility Testing Humans Male Middle Aged Wegener Granulomatosis genetics immunology 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938886 8938885 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of SPT and NPT in the ascertainment of nasal mucosa as shock organ. 160-2 The Skin Prick Test (SPT) is the principal tool in allergic diagnosis, but in allergic rhinitisan immunological disease which affects 12% of the total population-the Nasal Provocation Test (NPT) allows more reliable results to be obtained. In our study a positive response to NPT has been found in four subjects with a history of symptoms suggesting allergic rhinitis, who had a negative SPT. Subjects with a positive SPT for two or more inhalant antigens have a significantly reduced number of antigen responses to NPT. Moreover, in two cases, the antigen than induced a positive response to NPT was different from the antigen that induced positive SPT. So. NPT is a reliable way of diagnosing allergic rhinitis. A more specific and reliable ascertainment of the antigen responsible for allergic reaction avoids unnecessary and ineffective immunotherapeutical attempts based on false assumptions. Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy. Testa B B Mesolella C C Testa F F Gallo L V LV Testa D D eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Adolescent Adult Allergens diagnostic use Child Humans Nasal Mucosa immunology Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Skin Tests 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938885 8938884 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Acoustic rhinometry of the Indian and Anglo-Saxon nose. 156-9 The internal and external geometry of the nose has previously been shown to differ between Anglo-Saxon, Chinese, and Negro noses. It is therefore important to define the normal geometric nasal parameters of a given race, so as to detect the abnormal nose. We present acoustic rhinometric data, with height-adjusted figures, examining the nasal minimum cross-sectional area (MCA), the distance to the nostril from the MCA, and the MCA between 0-6 cm. These data show no significant differences between Indian and Anglo-Saxon noses. Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Gurr P P Diver J J Morgan N N MacGregor F F Lund V V eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Adult Female Humans Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Nose anatomy & histology Reference Values 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938884 8938883 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The value of computerised rhinomanometry and a simple manometry with saline in predicting the outcome of patients with acute trephined frontal sinusitis. 151-5 Infection of the anterior ethmoids and recessus frontalis causes swelling of the mucosa and obstruction of the nasofrontal duct, impairing the drainage of the frontal sinus. During the healing process the obstruction diminishes gradually. Prolongation of this process can lead to chronic infection of the nasofrontal region causing recurrent or chronic frontal sinusitis. In our everyday work we need a simple and reliable method to evaluate the patency of the nasofrontal duct, in order to be able to assess the recovery and to find those patients whose disease tends to become chronic. For this purpose we have measured the patency of the nasofrontal duct in 58 patients with frontal sinusitis after trephination with computerized rhinomanometry (RM) and with a simple salinemanometry (SM). The validity of the two methods to predict the further outcome of the patients has been compared in order to find out if SM would prove to be at least almost as reliable as rhinomanometry. Our statistics prove that SM is a useful aid in assessing the short-term recovery process of the patients. The long-term predictive value still remains to be seen. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland. Wide K K Sipilä J J Suonpää J J eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride IM Acute Disease Adult Female Frontal Sinusitis diagnosis surgery Humans Male Manometry methods Recurrence Sodium Chloride diagnostic use Treatment Outcome Trephining 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938883 8938882 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Electrophoretic pattern of physiological human nasal secretions. 147-50 Various proteins have been detected in human nasal mucus, but their electrophoretic pattern has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, we have studied this pattern in nasal mucus samples from a group of 40 healthy subjects (20 males and 20 females). The electrophoretic separations have been performed under both native and denaturing conditions. The electrophoretic pattern of nasal mucus obtained under denaturing conditions and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250, reveals 17 distinguishable areas into which protein bands are divided, with no significant variations from one individual to another. Eight of these areas contain high concentrations of nasal mucus proteins, whereas lower concentrations are seen in the other nine areas. The electrophoretic patterns of nasal mucus differs from that of eye mucus. The method used for sampling is rapid, simple, requires no local anaesthetic, and supplies an adequate quantity of proteins for laboratory testing. Electrophoresis under denaturing conditions proves to be the better of the two techniques, since it permits good separation of proteins. Among the protein bands revealed in our study there are some already known proteins (i.a. pre-albumim, albumin, lysozymne), but the presence of other proteins which have yet to be identified cannot be excluded. Hence, a study is underway for the purification and identification, by amino-acid sequencing, of the various proteins which make up each band. A through definition of the protein pattern of nasal mucus might prove useful for detecting anomalies in its composition, for example, in cases of olfactory disorders. Institute of Clinical Neurology, University of Pisa, Italy. Maremmani C C Fattori B B De Ciccio M M Ceravolo R R Ghilardi P L PL Muratorio A A eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Proteins IM Adult Electrophoresis Eye secretion Female Humans Male Mucus chemistry secretion Nasal Mucosa secretion Proteins analysis 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938882 8938881 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2008 11 21

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effect of intranasal fluticasone propionate on the diving reflex in patients with non-eosinophilic non-allergic rhinitis. 144-6 The usual nasal response to head submersion in aquatic mammals is an increase in resistance to airflow, the so-called "diving reflex". Although less well-developed in humans, it is nevertheless present. It is likely to occur due to a relative increase of parasympathetic over sympathetic control of the nasal vasculature. Non-eosinophilic non-allergic rhinitis is thought to be due to a similar imbalance and we have attempted to establish whether the diving reflex is abnormal in this condition and whether intranasal fluticasone propionate for 6 weeks has any effect in modifying the nasal response. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. Cook J A JA Hamilton J W JW Jones A S AS eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Allergic Agents 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Airway Resistance drug effects Androstadienes administration & dosage therapeutic use Anti-Allergic Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Case-Control Studies Cold Temperature Diving Female Humans Male Reflex drug effects physiology Rhinitis drug therapy physiopathology Time Factors 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938881 8938880 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2005 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal levocabastine provides fast and effective protection from nasal allergen challenge. 140-3 A total of 22 asymptomatic patients with a documented history of allergic rhinitis participated in this single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerability of levocabastine nasal spray (0.5 mg/ml) in the prevention of allergen-induced nasal symptoms. Objective assessment of nasal symptoms revealed that the severity of sneezing was significantly lower following treatment with levocabastine (p < 0.001), with rhinorrhoea also tending to be less severe in the levocabastine-treated group (0.05 < p < 0.1). Rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry failed to reveal any significant intergroup differences, and there were no differences in nasal albumin concentrations between the two treatment groups. Patients' VAS ratings revealed significant differences in favour of levocabastine for sneezing (p < 0.001) and itching (p < 0.05), with the severity of rhinorrhoea also tending to be lower during treatment with this topical antihistamine (0.05 < p < 0.1). The mean total symptom score was also significantly lower in levocabastine-treated patients (p < 0.05). Levocabastine was well tolerated. Only two adverse events were reported: fatigue in one patient, and vesicular rash with facial oedema and urticaria in another. In conclusion, intranasal levocabastine provided effective protection from nasal allergen challenge and would appear to be a valuable therapeutic approach in patients with allergic rhinitis. Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenklinik, Düsseldorf, Germany. Bachert C C Wagenmann M M Vossen-Holzenkamp S S eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Piperidines 79516-68-0 levocabastine IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Female Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Male Nasal Provocation Tests Piperidines administration & dosage therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis drug therapy Severity of Illness Index 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938880 8938879 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The roles of muscarinic receptor subtypes in modulation of nasal ciliary action. 136-9 Muscarinic receptors are believed to play an important role in modulation of ciliary action in respiratory system. We studied the in vitro effect of methacholine, a beta-methyl ester of acetylcholine, on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Adenoid explants were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM). CBF was determined using microphotometry. Methacholine (10(-6) M) increased CBF a maximum of 10.34 +/- 0.42% (p < 0.001). The non-selective muscarinic antagonist atropine (10(-6) M) significantly inhibited the ciliostimulatory effects of methacholine (p < 0.001). To characterize the muscarinic receptor subtypes in nasal mucosa, the selective M1-, M2- and M3-muscarinic antagonists pirenzepine dihydrochloride (PZ), gallamine triethiodide (gallamine), and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) were used prior to addition of methacholine, PZ and 4-DAMP, at concentrations of 10(-6) to 10(-8) M, significantly inhibited the ciliostimulatory effects of methacholine (p < 0.0001). There was no significant inhibition of methacholine-induced ciliostimulation by gallamine (p > 0.3). Our study showed that ciliostimulation by methacholine in human upper airway mucosa involves M1- and M3- muscarinic receptor subtypes, but not the M2-receptor subtype. The identification of the muscarinic receptor subtypes and intracellular signalling mechanisms involved in CBF modulation will permit the selection appropriate of pharmacological agents for treating the cholinergic symptoms of rhinitis. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Yang B B McCaffrey T V TV eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Muscarinic Agonists 0 Muscarinic Antagonists 0 Piperidines 0 Receptors, Muscarinic 28797-61-7 Pirenzepine 51-55-8 Atropine 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride 65-29-2 Gallamine Triethiodide 81405-11-0 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium IM Atropine pharmacology Cilia drug effects physiology Gallamine Triethiodide pharmacology Humans Methacholine Chloride pharmacology Mucociliary Clearance physiology Muscarinic Agonists pharmacology Muscarinic Antagonists pharmacology Nasal Mucosa chemistry physiology Piperidines pharmacology Pirenzepine pharmacology Receptors, Muscarinic drug effects physiology 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938879 8938878 1997 02 26 1997 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 3 1996 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Are prostaglandins major mediators in perennial allergic rhinitis? 130-5 Certain prostaglandins acting as inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the aetiology of perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the nasal mucosa might therefore influence the symptoms associated with PAR. A randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial using 0.1% Diclofenac eye-drops has been conducted to investigate this hypothesis. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), reduces prostaglandin synthesis through the inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. Twenty-five patients with significant PAR and positive skin tests to relevant perennial allergens were recruited and two drops of the given preparation were administered bilaterally q.d.s.. Thirteen patients completed the study. Nasal symptom score (itch, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, and blockage), smell test score, saccharin transit time, total nasal airflow resistance, and nasal inspiratory peak flow measurements were obtained at each of three study visits. No significant treatment effects were found. The daily nasal symptom score over the entire study period showed no significant variation. Adverse effects such as local invitation, dry nose or throat were rare. No untoward changes in haematological, biochemical profiles and urinalysis occurred. In conclusion, topical 0.1% Diclofenac eye-drops applied nasally have no significant effect on PAR. Prostaglandins alone may not play a major role in mediation of symptoms in this condition. Department of Otolaryngology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Lee W C WC Morgan D W DW Marriott J F JF eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal 0 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors 0 Prostaglandins 15307-86-5 Diclofenac IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal administration & dosage therapeutic use Cross-Over Studies Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors administration & dosage therapeutic use Diclofenac administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Prostaglandins physiology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy etiology 1996 9 1 1996 9 1 0 1 1996 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8938878 8739875 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2008 11 21

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Idiopathic orbital pseudotumours in adults. 60-3 We treated 24 cases of orbital pseudotumour from January 1981 through January 1993. The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed retrospectively by reviewing the medical records, radiological studies, and histological examination. All patients presented with symptoms related to the eye (proptosis, lid swelling, limited ocular motion and/or pain, chemosis, and visual disturbance), while only five patients had symptoms pertaining to the ear, nose, and throat besides the ophthalmological symptoms. Plain X-ray findings were not contributory to the diagnosis. Computed tomograms (CT) showed non-specific findings such as hypertrophy of the extra-ocular muscles and well-defined or poorly defined mass. Pathological findings were non-specific, only to reveal benign lymphoid hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration with necrotizing vasculitis. Twenty-four patients were treated with high-dose steroid therapy which resulted in a significant improvement in 10 patients (42%). Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea. Min Y G YG Lee C H CH Shin J S JS Byun S W SW eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Adult Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Biopsy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Orbital Pseudotumor diagnosis drug therapy epidemiology Prednisolone therapeutic use Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739875 8739874 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Assessment of patient's benefit from rhinoplasty. 57-9 It is standard practice for most rhinoplasty surgeons to assess what they perceive to be the cosmetic outcome of their surgery. There have, however, been few attempts to gauge the degree of success of rhinoplasty from the patient's perspective. The aim of this study was to measure the benefit of rhinoplasty in an unselected group of patients who had undergone this procedure under the National Health Service (NHS). Two hundred and twenty-four patients who had undergone rhinoplasty or septorhinoplasty in the Department of Otolaryngology at Glasgow Royal Infirmary from 1990 to 1994 were surveyed by post; two questionnaires were administered. The Glasgow Benefit Inventory has four subscales which assess the patient's perception of the success of surgery, and the influence of surgery on the patients physical health, psychosocial function and social interaction. The Nasal Symptom Questionnaire (Fairley et al., 1993)--previously validated as an outcome measure in the context of FESS--was used to assess nasal symptoms. Multivariate and factor analysis was used to analyse the results. Four factors were extracted from the 103 responses to the Glasgow Benefit Inventory. The major factor of the benefit score was perception of surgical success which explained 50% of the variance. Three other factors (improvements in psychosocial functioning, social interaction and physical health after surgery) accounted for 10%, 5%, and 6% of the variance, respectively. Analysis of the Nasal Symptom Questionnaire yielded one predominant factor which was inversely related to perceived benefit. The outcome of rhinoplasty is influenced by the presence of nasal symptoms. Greater attention to nasal function would increase the benefit of rhinoplasty. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Stewart E J EJ Robinson K K Wilson J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Septum surgery Nose abnormalities Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Patient Satisfaction Questionnaires Rhinoplasty psychology 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739874 8739873 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2008 11 21

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Turbinoplasty for concha bullosa: a non-synechiae-forming alternative to middle turbinectomy. 54-6 A large pneumatized middle turbinate (concha bullosa) may require surgical reduction. Partial middle turbinectomy, especially when done simultaneously with uncinectomy and ethmoidectomy, results in an increased risk for adhesion formation in the middle meatus. Turbinoplasty is a procedure that results in a significant reduction of the width of the middle turbinate without injuring its mucosal surfaces. A 4-year experience with this procedure showed almost complete elimination of the synechiae problem. Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA. Har-el G G Slavit D H DH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose Diseases surgery Postoperative Complications prevention & control Tissue Adhesions prevention & control Turbinates surgery 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739873 8739872 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Bilateral inferior turbinoplasty in chronic nasal obstruction. 50-3 Bilateral inferior turbinoplasty was performed in cases of chronic nasal obstruction, in which conservative treatment had failed. Forty-five patients without significant septal deviation and with chronic nasal obstruction were objectively evaluated by acoustic rhinometry (AR) before and 3-6 months after turbinoplasty, in order to assess the changes of the dimensions of the nasal cavity obtained. Mucosal turbinate hypertrophy (defined objectively by AR) was present in 76% of the cases. Satisfactory subjective nasal patency was achieved in 93% of patients. Turbinoplasty resulted in an increase of 22% at the minimum cross-sectional area, 37% at the cross-sectional area 3.3 cm from the nostrils, and 47% at the cross-sectional area 4.0 cm from the nostrils. The increase was not related to the subjective result of the operation. Tendency to crusting and to vasomotor symptoms were related to unsatisfactory results. No crusting or bleeding were observed. ENT Department, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Grymer L F LF Illum P P Hilberg O O eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Manometry Nasal Cavity pathology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology surgery Time Factors Turbinates surgery 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739872 8739871 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2007 11 15

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Does laser turbinectomy influence local allergic inflammation in the nose? 46-9 The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of laser turbinectomy on local allergic inflammation by measuring the secretion of mediators (histamine, bradykinin, and TAME-esterase activity) in nasal lavage fluid after nasal provocation with different allergen concentrations. Our study included 15 patients, aged 15-35 years, who displayed perennial housedust-mite rhinitis (positive prick test, RAST class > 2, and positive nasal provocation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.) extract) and hypertrophic inferior turbinates. Rhinomanometry (Rhino-test 441, Allergopharma, Germany) and nasal provocation with D.p. extract (Allergopharma, Germany) followed by lavage were performed in all patients. The procedure was repeated three and 12 months after Neodynium:YAG laser turbinectomy. Three and 12 months after laser turbinectomy, we found a significant improvement of nasal flow (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and resistance (p < 0.1 and p < 0.01, respectively) with a tendency towards airway blockage in the long-term follow-up, but no changes in mediator levels of nasal lavages after allergen provocation, suggesting that laser turbinectomy has no effects on local allergic inflammation. Department of ORL, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Free University of Berlin, Germany. Jovanovic S S Dokic D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Dust 51-45-6 Histamine 58-82-2 Bradykinin EC 3.4.- Peptide Hydrolases EC 3.4.- tosylarginine methyl ester hydrolase IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Allergens diagnostic use Animals Bradykinin analysis Dust adverse effects Female Follow-Up Studies Histamine analysis Humans Laser Therapy Male Manometry Mites immunology Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry Nasal Provocation Tests Peptide Hydrolases analysis Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology surgery Time Factors Turbinates surgery 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739871 8739870 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Minimal follow-up after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Does it affect outcome? 44-5 One disadvantage of functional endoscopic sinus surgery is the frequent post-operative cavity toilet considered necessary by most surgeons, which is not only costly but also very unwelcome to patients. In the Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading, we have reviewed a series of 120 patients who underwent FESS over an 18-month period with minimal post-operative follow-up (first visit for cavity toilet at 2 weeks and, if possible, only one further visit) in order to assess outcome. The percentage of patients whose presenting symptom had significantly improved or was cured was 78%, and the mean number of follow-up visits was 2.8. We conclude that our policy of minimal post-operative follow-up following FESS allows results comparable with other series, and this policy should be further evaluated. Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom. Ryan R M RM Whittet H B HB Norval C C Marks N J NJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Humans Middle Aged Paranasal Sinuses surgery Postoperative Care Sinusitis surgery Time Factors Treatment Outcome 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739870 8739869 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of Surgicel Nu-knit, Merocel and Vasolene gauze nasal packs: a randomized trial. 41-3 A randomised, prospective trial to evaluate Surgicel Nu-knit with Vasolene ribbon gauze and Merocel packs, respectively. Sixty patients (36 males and 24 females) undergoing bilateral nasal surgery, each having the same procedure performed on both sides, were recruited. The mean age was 49 years (range: 16-70 years). At operation, Surgicel Nu-knit was placed in one nostril, the other nostril was randomised to Vasolene gauze or Merocel. Twenty-four hours post-operatively, patients were asked to assess the discomfort experienced in either side of the nose while the packs were in position and on removal. The length of time and estimated amount of bleeding following removal of packs were also assessed. Surgicel Nu-knit caused significantly less discomfort both while in position and on removal than Vasolene gauze (p < 0.01, respectively). Compared to Merocel sponges, Surgicel Nu-knit caused significantly less discomfort on removal (p < 0.01). Bleeding following removal was also significantly less compared to the other packs. One patient in the Surgicel group required a general anaesthetic to remove a retained pack fragment. At 6-week follow-up, no nasal complications were noted in all of the groups. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universital Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Shinkwin C A CA Beasley N N Simo R R Rushton L L Jones N S NS eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Hemostatics 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 82347-53-3 Surgicel 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol 9032-53-5 Cellulose, Oxidized IM Cellulose, Oxidized Epistaxis prevention & control Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Formaldehyde Hemostatics Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery Pain Measurement Polyvinyl Alcohol Postoperative Hemorrhage prevention & control Surgical Sponges Tampons, Surgical Turbinates surgery 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739869 8739868 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2010 11 18

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Management of post-ethmoidectomy crust formation: randomized single-blind clinical trial comparing pressurized seawater versus antiseptic/mucolytic saline. 38-40 This study compared the efficacy of mechanical nasal lavages with pressurized seawater versus nasal irrigations with saline plus benzododecinium (antiseptic) plus oleosorbate (mucolytic). Twenty patients agreed to participate in a randomized, single-blind clinical trial. All patients underwent endoscopic endonasal ethmoidectomy for nasal polyps. The packing was removed after 48 h and patients were asked to start the same day nasal lavages three times a day. Clinical evaluations were performed: (1) by weighing residual nasal crusts and secretions after 21 +/- 2 days; and (2) by using visual analogue scales to daily record symptom scores. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM. T-test statistics for two independent groups were applied. The mean residual crust and secretion weights were 1,756 +/- 688 mg and 1,033 +/- 422 mg in the pressurized seawater group, 932 +/- 414 mg and 1,222 +/- 435 mg in the antiseptic-mucolytic saline group. No statistical differences were found. Sample size calculations showed that 100 subjects in each group would be necessary to confirm a 700-mg reduction in residual crusts in the antiseptic/mucolytic saline group (power = 0.80; two-sided type-I error = 0.05). Daily symptom score curves were similar in both groups and allowed us to give a description of post-operative complaints. The role of antiseptic, mucolytic and mechanical lavages in preventing post-ethmoidectomy crust formation is discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Central Hospital, Henri Poincaré University, Nancy, France. Pigret D D Jankowski R R eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Infective Agents, Local 0 Benzalkonium Compounds 0 Disinfectants 0 Expectorants 10328-35-5 dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium 7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride IM Administration, Intranasal Anti-Infective Agents, Local administration & dosage Benzalkonium Compounds administration & dosage Disinfectants administration & dosage Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus surgery Expectorants administration & dosage Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery Postoperative Care methods Seawater Single-Blind Method Sodium Chloride administration & dosage Therapeutic Irrigation 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739868 8739867 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Young's syndrome: a further cause of chronic rhinosinusitis. 35-7 Three males--aged 32, 35, and 27 years--presented Young's syndrome: a combination of obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infection. The evaluation of nasal mucociliary transport using an isotopic technique revealed mucociliary stasis in one case and decreased clearance in the others (< 2 mm/min). Ciliary ultrastructure was normal in two patients, while the other showed mucous hyperplasia and low ciliary density which made correct ciliary evaluation not possible. The clinical development of this syndrome is chronic, although less severe than in the other two syndromes that exhibit primary failure of mucociliary transport: cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Young's syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis, particularly with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome. ENT Department, Valencia University General Hospital, Spain. Armengot M M Juan G G Carda C C Montalt J J Basterra J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Cilia ultrastructure Ciliary Motility Disorders complications diagnosis Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Microscopy, Electron Mucociliary Clearance Oligospermia complications Rhinitis etiology Sinusitis etiology Syndrome 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739867 8739866 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinomanometric evaluation of the improved mechanical therapeutic nasal dilator in patients with anterior nasal obstruction. 32-4 The effectiveness of the Improved Mechanical Therapeutic Nasal Dilator (IMTND) was evaluated rhinomanometrically in 33 patients (mean age: 26 years; range 18-68 years) with anterior nasal obstruction. Using anterior rhinomanometry the patients were observed to have a mean total resistance of 0.376 Pa/cm3/s (range: 0.16-0.87 Pa/cm3/s). There was a significant drop in the inspiratory nasal resistance by 26% after the insertion of the IMTND in the nostrils (p < 0.001). Following decongestion with 1% phenylephrine the resistance decreased by 41%. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Insertion of the IMTND in the decongested nostrils resulted in even higher and significant decrease in the nasal resistance by 59% (p < 0.001). Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA. Chaudhry M R MR Akhtar S S Dwalsaint F F eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants 59-42-7 Phenylephrine IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Airway Resistance physiology Dilatation instrumentation Equipment Design Female Humans Male Manometry methods Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage Nasal Obstruction diagnosis therapy Phenylephrine administration & dosage 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739866 8739865 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airway resistance after decongestion with a nasal spray or a bellows device. 28-31 Two methods for decongestion of the nasal mucosa were compared, a conventional nasal spray and a bellows device, the reproducibility of rhinomanometric measurements being investigated in both cases. Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured in 18 patients (during late autumn) before, 10 min, and 20 min after decongestion with an oxymetazoline solution from a bellows device, and the measurements were repeated one week later. About three months later (during spring) the measurements were repeated in the same 18 patients, but with a xylometazoline nasal spray being used for decongestion. With neither method were any differences in NAR found between 10 and 20 min after decongestion, or between any of the values (before or after decongestion) and the respective values obtained after one week. The NAR values of the undecongested total nose and the wider nose cavity were significantly higher during the late autumn than during the spring, as were also a few values after decongestion. We found no evidence that the bellows method is superior to the spray method in reducing NAR. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden. Jessen M M Ivarsson A A Malm L L eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Airway Resistance drug effects physiology Female Humans Imidazoles administration & dosage Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage Nasal Obstruction diagnosis drug therapy Nebulizers and Vaporizers Oxymetazoline administration & dosage Reproducibility of Results Time Factors 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739865 8739864 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2005 11 17

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Effect of systemically administered H1- and H2-receptor antagonists on nasal blood flow as measured with laser Doppler flowmetry in a provoked allergic reaction. 24-7 Twelve subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis were challenged topically with birch pollen extract in a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study. Pre-treatment was performed with either a selective histamine-1 (H1-) antagonist (terfenadine), a selective H2-antagonist (cimetidine), a combination of these drugs or a placebo. Nasal mucosa microcirculatory blood flow was measured with the use of laser Doppler flowmetry. The allergen challenge induced a decrease in the microcirculatory blood flow of the nasal mucosa. Pre-treatment with the H1-antagonist inhibited this effect and allergic symptoms, while pre-treatment with the H2-antagonist did not. No signs of an additive effect were seen after combination of the antagonists. Thus, H1-receptors but not H2-receptors, seem to be of importance in the pathophysiology of the allergic rhinitis. Department of Chest Medicine, Vifilstadir, Gardabaer, Iceland. Juliusson S S Bende M M eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Histamine H2 Antagonists 50679-08-8 Terfenadine 51481-61-9 Cimetidine IM Adult Allergens diagnostic use Cimetidine pharmacology Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Female Histamine H1 Antagonists pharmacology Histamine H2 Antagonists pharmacology Humans Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Male Microcirculation drug effects Nasal Mucosa blood supply Nasal Provocation Tests Pollen Premedication Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis physiopathology Terfenadine pharmacology 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739864 8739863 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Astemizole in combination with pseudoephedrine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 21-3 The efficacy and side effects of once-daily astemizole-D, a combination of 10 mg astemizole and 240 mg pseudoephedrine, were compared with those of twice-daily brompheniramine-D, a combination of 12 mg brompheniramine and 50 mg phenylpropanolamine (Lunerin), in 64 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by birch pollen. Efficacy was monitored by patient's diary scores, investigator assessments of nasal and eye symptoms and need of rescue medication during the 4-week study period. Both astemizole-D and brompheniramine-D reduced nasal and eye symptoms of allergy. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups regarding obstruction, but brompheniramine-D alleviated symptoms of rhinorrhoea and itchy eyes significantly more than astemizole-D. On the other hand, the patients in the brompheniramine-D group reported dry mouth, tiredness and drowsiness more often than those in the astemizole-D group. The results indicate that the two drugs are effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, but astemizole-D is better tolerated than brompheniramine-D. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Simola M M Böss I I Holopainen E E Malmberg H H Ruoppi P P Seppä J J Siivonen L L Suonpää J J Piepponen T T eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Drug Combinations 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Sympathomimetics 14838-15-4 Phenylpropanolamine 299-42-3 Ephedrine 68844-77-9 Astemizole 86-22-6 Brompheniramine IM Adolescent Adult Allergens adverse effects Astemizole adverse effects therapeutic use Brompheniramine adverse effects therapeutic use Child Drug Combinations Ephedrine adverse effects therapeutic use Female Histamine H1 Antagonists adverse effects therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Phenylpropanolamine adverse effects therapeutic use Pilot Projects Pollen Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy Single-Blind Method Sympathomimetics adverse effects therapeutic use 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739863 8739862 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2010 12 01

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Hot-water irrigation as a treatment of posterior epistaxis. 18-20 The commonly-used tamponade treatment for posterior epistaxis is painful and the patient may need hospitalization for several days. Irrigation with water of 50 degrees C was introduced as a treatment for posterior epistaxis more than 100 years ago. This study compares the two treatment modalities with respect to effect, recurrence, pain, and length of hospital stay. Forty-four consecutive patients with posterior epistaxis were randomized to receive treatment with either hot water (21 patients) or tamponade (23 patients). In the group of patients treated with hot water, the treatment had to be stopped in seven patients (33%) because of lack of cooperation; nine patients (43%) could be dismissed from hospital with no need for further treatment, whereas five patients (24%) had recurrent epistaxis requiring additional tamponade treatment. Among the patients treated with tamponade, 14 patients (61%) could be dismissed from hospital with no need for further treatment, while nine patients (39%) had recurrent epistaxis requiring additional tamponade treatment. The median stay in hospital was five days for the group treated with hot water, and six days for the group treated with tamponade. Compared to the tamponade treatment, hot-water irrigation is almost as effective, the hospital stay is shorter, and the treatment is significantly less painful. Department of Otolaryngology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Stangerup S E SE Dommerby H H Lau T T eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7732-18-5 Water IM Balloon Dilation Balloon Occlusion Epistaxis therapy Female Hemostatic Techniques Hot Temperature Humans Length of Stay Male Middle Aged Recurrence Tampons, Surgical Therapeutic Irrigation Water 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739862 8739861 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2010 11 18

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Histological changes in the nasal mucosa after hot-water irrigation. An animal experimental study. 14-7 Many years ago the treatment of posterior epistaxis was irrigation with hot water through the bleeding nose cavity, and the treatment was successful in many cases. The aim of this study is to explain how "hot-water irrigation" can cause haemostasis. Twenty-four rabbits were divided into 12 groups and their noses were irrigated for 5 min with hot water at temperatures ranging from 40-60 degrees C. After irrigation, the nose was fixed, sliced, stained, and evaluated blindly by a pathologist. The morphological changes-narrowing of intranasal lumen, vasodilation and stasis, extravasation of erythrocytes, and epithelial necrosis-were recorded. No changes were recorded after irrigation with water of 40-44 degrees C. Only light changes were present in the 46 degrees C group. Vasodilation occurred at a temperature of 48 degrees C or higher. From 48 degrees C, oedema of the mucosa and subsequent narrowing of the intranasal lumen was seen. Severe changes including epithelial necrosis, were found only in the groups treated with 52 degrees C or higher. The results of the study indicate that the haemostatic effect of hot water treatment for epistaxis may be caused by: (1) oedema and narrowing of the intranasal lumen, (2) vasodilation of the mucosal vessels, and (3) cleaning of the nose from blood coagulates. Department of Otolaryngology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Stangerup S E SE Thomsen H K HK eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7732-18-5 Water IM Animals Edema etiology Epistaxis therapy Hemostatic Techniques Hot Temperature Nasal Mucosa pathology Rabbits Therapeutic Irrigation Vasodilation Water 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739861 8739860 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Long-term use of oxy- and xylometazoline nasal sprays induces rebound swelling, tolerance, and nasal hyperreactivity. 9-13 It has been suggested but never confirmed, that the severity of the rebound swelling and rhinitis medicamentosa are directly proportional to the period during which the drug is used, to the frequency of its use, and to the amount of drug administered. However, no studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of various amounts of the vasoconstrictors on the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Moreover, no in vivo studies have yet been performed to investigate whether benzalkonium chloride in nasal decongestant solutions affects the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. This study shows that rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition of nasal hyperreactivity, mucosal swelling and tolerance induced, or aggravated, by the overuse of topical vasoconstrictors with or without a preservative. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Graf P P eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Benzalkonium Compounds 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Preservatives, Pharmaceutical 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Benzalkonium Compounds administration & dosage adverse effects Double-Blind Method Drug Tolerance Female Humans Imidazoles administration & dosage adverse effects Male Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage adverse effects Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nasal Obstruction chemically induced drug therapy Oxymetazoline administration & dosage adverse effects Preservatives, Pharmaceutical administration & dosage adverse effects Rhinitis chemically induced Time Factors 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739860 8739859 1996 10 09 1996 10 09 2011 11 17

0300-0729 34 1 1996 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Pattern of nasal secretions during experimental influenza virus infection. 2-8 To define the pattern of secretion production during influenza virus infection, 28 adult subjects were inoculated with influenza-A virus (H1N1) and cloistered for a period of 8 days. On each day, symptoms associated with virus infection were scored, nasal secretions were collected and nasal lavages were performed. Recovered lavage fluids were submitted for virus culture and assayed for proteins, histamine, and bradykinin. Twenty-one subjects were infected with influenza-A virus and had significant increases in daily secretion weights and symptom scores extending from day 2 to 7, post-inoculation. Plasma-derived proteins in the nasal lavage fluids showed an early increase to peak at day 4 and then decreased. Glandular proteins showed a later increase to peak at day 5. Bradykinin but not histamine was significantly elevated and tracked the changes in the glandular proteins. In contrast, a shallow increase in symptoms confined to day 2 post-inoculation, but no increase in daily secretion weights was documented in the seven uninfected subjects. There, an increase in plasma proteins was observed on days 1 and 2, but no change in glandular proteins was obvious. These results support a biphasic secretory response during influenza-virus infection with transudation dominating the early period and glandular secretions contributing later. Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA. Doyle W J WJ Skoner D P DP White M M Hayden F F Kaplan A P AP Kaliner M A MA Shibayama Y Y Fireman P P eng AI 19262 AI NIAID NIH HHS United States MO/RR 00084 RR NCRR NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Blood Proteins 0 Immunoglobulin A, Secretory 51-45-6 Histamine 58-82-2 Bradykinin EC 3.2.1.17 Muramidase EC 3.4.21.- Lactoferrin IM Adult Blood Proteins analysis Bradykinin analysis Capillary Permeability Female Histamine analysis Humans Immunoglobulin A, Secretory analysis Influenza A virus Influenza, Human physiopathology Lactoferrin analysis Male Muramidase analysis Nasal Lavage Fluid chemistry virology Nasal Mucosa secretion Time Factors 1996 3 1 1996 3 1 0 1 1996 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8739859 8876078 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The first naso-sinus laboratory for cadaver preparation in Thailand. 125-7 The first naso-sinus laboratory has been set up in Siriraj Hospital for better training of rhinosurgeons. The specimens used for practice operation are the entire nasal cavities with all paranasal sinuses, taken from cadavers and preserved in 95% ethanol. The "Siriraj" sinus holder is specially designed and constructed to hold various sizes of specimens. It is made of plastic board and stainless steel screws; it is an inexpensive and simple device which can be afforded by every centre. With this naso-sinus laboratory, ENT residents and rhinosurgeons can achieve their skills in performing nasal endoscopy, endoscopic or microscopical sinus surgery and all kinds of sinus operations at their convenience. Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Bunnag C C Dachpunpour P P Jareoncharsri P P Vitavasiri A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cadaver Endoscopy Humans Nose surgery Otolaryngology education instrumentation Paranasal Sinuses surgery Specimen Handling instrumentation Thailand 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876078 8876077 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2010 11 18

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis by YAMIK sinus catheters. 123-4 Rhinological Center, Yaroslavl Regional Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia. Kozlov V S VS Markov G I GI eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Balloon Dilation instrumentation Equipment Design Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Sinusitis diagnosis radiography therapy 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876077 8876076 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2010 11 18

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Combined endonasal and percutaneous endoscopic approach to Pott's puffy tumour. 119-22 The most favourable management of frontal sinus disease and its complications involves the choice of the least invasive operative technique likely to eradicate the disease process. With the introduction of endonasal endoscopic surgery, examination of the frontal recess and removal of obstructive ethmoidal cells or diseased mucosa becomes feasible. Percutaneous frontal sinus endoscopy facilitates sinus irrigation, thorough inspection of the frontal sinus, removal of diseased mucosa within the frontal sinus, and evacuation of subperiosteal abscesses. Six cases of Pott's puffy tumour secondary to frontal sinusitis treated by combined endonasal and percutaneous endoscopic surgery are presented. CT scan is diagnostic for associated complication and underlying pathology. Complications are minimal. Combined endonasal and percutaneous endoscopic surgery is a good approach which can be carried out for the treatment of frontal sinus diseases and its complications. Armed Forces Hospital, Wadi Al Dawasir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. el-Silimy O O eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Endoscopy methods Female Frontal Sinus radiography surgery Frontal Sinusitis complications radiography surgery Humans Male Periostitis etiology radiography surgery Retrospective Studies Therapeutic Irrigation 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876076 8876075 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Inverted papilloma: incidence and late results of surgical treatment. 114-8 The 452,000 inhabitants of the County of Funen are considered to constitute a representative section of the population of Denmark. The county is geographically well-defined, surrounded by sea. Specimens from the two Departments of Pathology in the county have been histologically reviewed. Our incidence material consists of 96 patients suffering from inverted papillomas, during a 14-year period, which corresponds to 1.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. During the same 14-year period, 67 patients have been operated upon at the ENT Department of Odense University Hospital. In 1992, a clinical re-examination was performed regarding late surgical results. Fourteen per cent (9/67) have developed recurrences from 6 to 56 months after the first operation. No major late surgical complications have been observed. It is our experience that lesions limited to the nasal septum and minor lesions on the lateral nasal wall can be treated primarily by an intranasal procedure. Large lesions on the lateral wall with best results have been treated by lateral rhinotomy. ENT Department, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. Outzen K E KE Grøntveld A A Jørgensen K K Clausen P P PP Ladefoged C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Age Distribution Denmark epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Recurrence, Local epidemiology Nose Neoplasms epidemiology surgery Papilloma, Inverted epidemiology surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms epidemiology surgery Sex Distribution Time Factors Treatment Outcome 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876075 8876074 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2003 11 14

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Radical or partial maxillary sinus surgery: a dilemma today? An experimental study. 110-3 To evaluate partial or radical surgical removal of the maxillary sinus mucosa, 20 New-Zealand albino rabbits were used. After three months, specimens were taken for examination. Bacteriological cultures, light- and electron microscopy were performed, and mucociliary transport was studied. These experimental findings add further support to the concept of performing a conservative sinus procedure rather than a radical removal as a first procedure. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain. Melgarejo-Moreno P J PJ Ribera-Cortada I I Sarroca-Capell E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cilia ultrastructure Exocrine Glands ultrastructure Maxillary Sinus microbiology surgery ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Mucociliary Clearance physiology Mucous Membrane microbiology physiology ultrastructure Mucus Rabbits Regeneration Time Factors 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876074 8876073 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Exudation into the nasal cavity of carbon particles injected into nasal polyps. 105-9 A colloidal carbon solution was prepared by dissolving 50 mg of ultra fine carbon particles (diameter: 21-50 nm) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-- for stabilizing the dispersion--in 1 ml physiological saline, and injected into the nasal polyps of allergic patients. Two hours after injection, the nasal polyps were removed and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Notably, carbon particles could not pass through the epithelial basement membrane and were therefore not observed between the epithelial cells, where no inflammatory cells infiltrated the epithelial layer. However, they passed through the fissure in the basement membrane, which was formed by the penetration of inflammatory cells (eosinophils) into the epithelial layer. Many carbon particles were observed in the interstitial space of the epithelial layer, where a large number of inflammatory cells accumulated. Furthermore, they passed into the nasal cavity along with the interstitial mucous fluid through the opened epithelial junction. A wide pathway from the submucosa to the nasal cavity, through which large-sized particles can pass, was demonstrated in the polyp's mucosa. Moreover, as carbon particles exhibit no chemotaxis, they must move according to the interstitial fluid flow, which suggests that the interstitial fluid flows outwardly from the mucosa during allergy. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan. Watanabe K K Tanaka Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7440-44-0 Carbon 9003-39-8 Povidone IM Adult Capillary Permeability Carbon diagnostic use pharmacokinetics Female Humans Male Microscopy, Electron Nasal Cavity metabolism Nasal Mucosa metabolism ultrastructure Nasal Polyps metabolism surgery ultrastructure Povidone diagnostic use pharmacokinetics 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876073 8876072 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of mizolastine with loratadine in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. 101-4 Mizolastine is a new, non-sedating antihistamine providing satisfactory symptomatic relief in seasonal allergic rhinitis. The purpose of this study has been to compare mizolastine to loratadine in perennial allergic rhinitis. This multicentre, double-blind study has involved 68 patients, randomly allocated, after a one-week placebo run-in, to 10 mg mizolastine or 10 mg loratadine, both given on a once-daily basis, for four weeks. Comparable symptom relief occurs in both groups resulting, respectively for mizolastine and loratadine, in a 66.6% and a 61.3% decrease in total nasal score, to a 74.8% and a 76.4% decrease in total ocular score, and to a 69.0% and a 64.8% decrease in global total score. Safety is satisfactory in both groups. Mizolastine is at least as effective as loratadine in relieving perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms and its safety profile allows its use in the treatment of this disease. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica, Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Bellioni P P Catalano B B Cervellera G G Filiaci F F Mira E E Carraro A A eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Benzimidazoles 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 108612-45-9 mizolastine 79794-75-5 Loratadine IM Adult Benzimidazoles therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Drug Administration Schedule Female Histamine H1 Antagonists therapeutic use Humans Loratadine therapeutic use Male Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Time Factors 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876072 8876071 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology An international comparison of characteristics of the sensation of nasal obstruction between Canadian and Japanese patients. 97-100 To determine differences in perception of nasal obstruction in Canadians and Japanese, we assessed subjective and objective nasal patency of 48 patients in Canada and 43 patients in Japan. Mean severity of the sensation of nasal obstruction in Canadian patients was significantly higher than in Japanese patients, while no significant differences in nasal resistances were found. Complaints of nasal obstruction in Canadian patients were directly concerned with nasal breathing, while Japanese patients complained of indirect matters, such as "unable to concentrate on job or study" or "nasal obstruction or nasal speech pointed out by other persons." The differences might be due to national characteristics. Department of Otolaryngology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Aiuchi, Japan. Naito K K Komori M M Mishima Y Y Takeuchi M M Iwata S S Cole P P Pritchard C C Roth Y Y eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Cross-Cultural Comparison Female Humans Japan Male Manometry Nasal Obstruction ethnology physiopathology psychology Ontario Perception physiology Plethysmography, Whole Body Sensation physiology 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876071 8876070 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard alone and in combination in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind multicentre study. 91-6 We compared the efficacy and safety of 5 mg cetirizine (CTZ), 120 mg pseudoephedrine retard (PER) and their combination (COM), given twice daily for three weeks, for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. Two hundred and ten evaluable patients (97 males and 113 females) were included in the study and randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups, each of 70 patients. Nasal obstruction, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal and ocular pruritus were scored each day throughout the study by patients using a symptom scale ranging from 0 (no symptom) to 3 (severe). The mean proportion of days without symptoms was higher in the COM group (11.8%) than in the CTZ (6.8%) and PER (5.1%) groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The mean percentage of days when symptoms were absent or at most mild was significantly higher in the COM group (64.8%) than in either CTZ (45.5%; p = 0.003) or PER groups (40.6%; p = 0.0001). In addition, evaluation of symptoms by investigators and their global evaluation at the end of treatment showed statistically significant differences in favour of COM compared, to both CTZ and PER. The most frequent adverse events were somnolence in the CTZ and COM groups (8.6% and 12.9%, respectively) while insomnia was most frequent in the PER group. No clinically significant abnormalities were found in haematological or biochemical tests. These results indicate that the combined treatment was more effective than and as well tolerated as treatment with each individual agent. Cliniques Universitaire UCL de Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium. Bertrand B B Jamart J J Marchal J L JL Arendt C C eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Delayed-Action Preparations 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Sympathomimetics 299-42-3 Ephedrine 83881-51-0 Cetirizine IM Adult Cetirizine administration & dosage therapeutic use Delayed-Action Preparations Double-Blind Method Drug Administration Schedule Drug Therapy, Combination Ephedrine administration & dosage therapeutic use Female Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Male Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Sympathomimetics administration & dosage therapeutic use 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876070 8876069 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal provocation test in the diagnostics of occupational allergic rhinitis. 86-90 The diagnosis of occupational rhinitis (OR) must be better confirmed than in allergic rhinitis of other aetiology. A provocation test is required to confirm the causality between the disease and the work exposure. The purpose of this study has been to examine the feasibility of active anterior rhinomanometry and visual analogue scale in the diagnostics of OR, and to compare the results of these measurements to a nasal status change score. The study subjects have been 50 consecutive patients suspected of having OR. Altogether 148 bilateral nasal provocation tests (NPTs), 55 placebo- and 93 allergen-NPTs, have been done. Based on the change in the nasal status and change in the nasal airway resistance (NAR), there are 42 positive NPTs. Although overlapping between placebo and allergen provocations exists, an increase of > 50% in NAR is recommended to regard the result as positive in NPT. The evaluation of the nasal reaction in the NPT is mainly based on anterior rhinoscopy and the change in the status score, but OR diagnostics should also include some physiological measurement. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. Hytönen M M Sala E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Case-Control Studies Feasibility Studies Female Humans Male Manometry Nasal Provocation Tests methods Occupational Diseases diagnosis Occupational Exposure Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Skin Tests 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876069 8876068 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A probe holder for precise intranasal microcirculation measurements. 83-5 A probe holder for long-term measurements of intranasal microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry is described. It is adjustable to any physiognomy and allows precise intranasal probe insertion. It is based on a commercially-available shooting-spectacles frame and might also be useful for other measurements such as intranasal temperature, humidity and pO2. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland. Kistler A A Huber M M Suter B B Mariauzouls C C Simmen D D eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Equipment Design Fingers blood supply Humans Laser-Doppler Flowmetry instrumentation Microcirculation physiology Nasal Mucosa blood supply Skin blood supply 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876068 8876067 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Growth characteristics of the human nasal septum. 78-82 Using a specially designed algorithm for the measurement of the surface area of shapes with highly irregular contours, growth curves were developed for post-natal septal growth in humans using post-mortem specimens of a study population of 30 cases, distributed over the age range from birth to 62 years. From the results a rapid growth phase for the total septum is evident immediately after birth, lasting until the second year of life. Then, a gradual deceleration of growth is recognized with a plateau eventually being reached at the age of 36 years. Mathematical analysis of the growth curve shows that the curve for the total septum is the sum of two separate mathematical equations, representing the cartilaginous and bony contribution, respectively. It is demonstrated that the cartilaginous septum reaches adult dimensions (lateral surface area) at the age of two years. Subsequent growth of the septum is due to expansion of the perpendicular plate, i.e. the bony parts of the septum. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Van Loosen J J Van Zanten G A GA Howard C V CV Verwoerd-Verhoef H L HL Van Velzen D D Verwoerd C D CD eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Algorithms Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum anatomy & histology growth & development 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876067 8876066 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of changes in ambient temperature on the reliability of acoustic rhinometry data. 75-7 The effect of changing ambient temperature on the reliability of acoustic rhinometer data was examined. The acoustic rhinometer was set up in a climate chamber, and connected to a simple cylindrical model containing a constriction. This constriction was at 22.5 cm from the microphone. This would be the position of the tip of a 7.5-cm nose piece, relative to the microphone, when attached to the rhinometer. The ambient temperature was increased from 10 degrees C to 40 degrees C. The position of the constrictions as recorded by the acoustic rhinometer was compared in the same stable model at intervals during the temperature increase. The point of identification of the constriction varied with ambient temperature and the change almost perfectly followed the expected changes in the readings given the relationship of the speed of sound in air to ambient temperature. A shift of approximately 1 mm along the X-axis per 2.5 degrees C change in temperature is seen for this constriction. In a human subject the whole acoustic rhinometry trace would shift along the X-axis to the same degree when using a 7.5-cm nose piece. Volume estimates are calculated between two fixed points on the X-axis and may be profoundly affected by even a small shift of the acoustic reading along this axis. Acoustic rhinometry data should always be collected under the same stable environmental conditions. Common Cold and Nasal Research Centre, University of Wales College Cardiff, United Kingdom. Tomkinson A A Eccles R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Humans Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Temperature 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876066 8876065 1997 01 13 1997 01 13 2007 11 15

0300-0729 34 2 1996 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Review of the functional anatomy of the cartilages and muscles of the nose. 66-74 This paper reviews the anatomy of the nasal cartilages and muscles. Accurate anatomical knowledge of these structures may facilitate the design of a model to study the mobility and support of the lateral nasal wall and ala and may thus provide information on the dynamics of valve area. It is concluded that a uniform description of nasal cartilages and muscles is still lacking. This is especially true for the attachments of the nasal cartilages to neighbouring structures, as well as the location and function of the muscles influencing the valve area. The use of uniform, preferably anatomical, terminology is encouraged. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Bruintjes T D TD van Olphen A F AF Hillen B B eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Muscle, Skeletal anatomy & histology physiology Nasal Septum anatomy & histology physiology Nose anatomy & histology physiology Terminology as Topic 54 1996 6 1 1996 6 1 0 1 1996 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8876065 9050107 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Merkel cell carcinoma in the nasal cavity: a case report. 247-8 Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive dermal neoplasm of neuroendocrine origin with a predilection for the head-and-neck region in elderly patients. We present a case of Merkel cell carcinoma of the nasal fossa. Local wide excision was performed. Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain. Melgarejo-Moreno P P Hellin-Meseguer D D Sarroca-Capell E E eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Carcinoma, Merkel Cell surgery Female Humans Nasal Cavity Nose Neoplasms surgery 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050107 9050106 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2007 11 15

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Sarcoidosis of the nose treated with laser surgery. 245-6 Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown aetiology, which may involve almost any organ. We present a case report on sarcoidosis involving the nasal mucosa, primarily treated with prednisone and methotrexate with only temporary relief of symptoms. We have learned by experience that removal of nasal mucosa granuloma with laser surgery is a recommendable treatment. Almost no complications are seen to this treatment, and the beneficial effect is of long duration. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. Frederiksen L G LG Jørgensen K K eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Granuloma surgery Humans Laser Therapy Male Nasal Obstruction etiology Nose Diseases complications pathology surgery Sarcoidosis complications surgery 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050106 9050105 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Maxillary osteomyelitis secondary to osteopetrosis. 242-4 A 41-year-old Japanese woman complained of a gradually enlarging swelling of her left cheek for seven months. She was diagnosed with osteopetrosis by standard skeletal radiographs, and her cheek swelling was diagnosed as maxillary osteomyelitis secondary to osteopetrosis. She underwent a left partial maxillectomy, and her post-operative course was stable with no complications. A literature review is also presented. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan. Hanada T T Furuta S S Moriyama I I Hanamure Y Y Miyanohara T T Ohyama M M eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Maxilla pathology surgery Osteomyelitis etiology radiography therapy Osteopetrosis complications radiography 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050105 9050104 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2009 11 19

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Lethal disseminated Fusarium infection with sinus involvement in the immunocompromised host: case report and review of the literature. 237-41 A case of disseminated invasive fusarial infection (DFI) with sinus involvement in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia is reported. Amphotericin B with rifampin were administrated and wide radical sinus surgery was performed. Nevertheless, the patient died six weeks later. The four principal forms of fusarial infections in humans are discussed: toxicosis, allergic fungal sinusitis, locally invasive infection, and disseminated invasive infection. Prognosis of DFI in the immunocompromised host is usually poor, and treatment is difficult. Profound and prolonged neutropaenia appears to be the major predisposing factor. The literature on infections caused by Fusarium species in immunocompromised hosts is reviewed, especially those where the sinuses were involved. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires de Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium. Rombaux P P Eloy P P Bertrand B B Delos M M Doyen C C eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antifungal Agents 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B IM Amphotericin B therapeutic use Antifungal Agents therapeutic use Fatal Outcome Fusarium Humans Immunocompromised Host Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute complications Male Middle Aged Mycoses complications therapy Opportunistic Infections complications therapy Sinusitis etiology microbiology therapy 27 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050104 9050103 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Sinus infection in intensive care patients. 232-6 Sinusitis is a complication known to accompany nasotracheal intubation, but its frequency has not been well established. During a two-year-period, 1,126 patients in an intensive care unit have been studied. Twenty-seven of them (2%) developed a bacterial sinusitis. The diagnosis is established on the basis of an unexplained clinical sepsis, imaging evidence of fluid in the maxillary sinus, and antral puncture. Microbiological samples showed Gram-negative micro-organisms, in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and an elevated percentage of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The likely predisposing factors (nasogastric and/or nasotracheal tubes) are discussed. Aetiology, diagnosis and management of the disease are discussed in detail. The importance of prompt removal of nasal instrumentation and of early sinus drainage, in addition to broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, is emphasized. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Italy. Mevio E E Benazzo M M Quaglieri S S Mencherini S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Bacterial Infections Female Humans Intensive Care Units Intubation, Intratracheal adverse effects Male Middle Aged Sinusitis etiology microbiology therapy 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050103 9050102 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Pedicled temporoparietal galeal myofascial flap for orbital and cheek lining following radical maxillectomy. 227-31 Radical maxillectomy is indicated for stage III and IV antroethmoidal carcinoma. In those cases where the anterior bony wall of maxillary antrum or the anterior facial soft tissue is involved or a previous Caldwell-Luc antrostomy was performed, a generous amount of cheek soft tissue has to be resected with the surgical specimen in order to achieve tumour-free margins. In such cases survival of the cheek flap is in jeopardy. Following orbital exenteration the resultant defect requires covering to promote healing and to protect the underlying bone. Traditionally, a skin graft has been used to line the orbital defect and the cheek flap. The pedicled temporoparietal galeal myofascial flap offers well-vascularized, reliable, supple and plentiful tissue which can be used to line both the orbit and the cheek, thus covering both sites with one flap. Such a case is presented and the surgical anatomy and technique are described. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom. Hussain A A Murthy P P Silver S M SM eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Carcinoma, Squamous Cell surgery Humans Male Maxillary Neoplasms surgery Surgical Flaps methods 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050102 9050101 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology "Sniffin' sticks": screening of olfactory performance. 222-6 "Sniffin' Sticks" is a new test of nasal chemosensory performance based on pen-like odour-dispensing devices. This portable test is suited for repetitive, inexpensive screening of odour identification. The test includes a forced odour-identification task for seven odours performed by means of a list of four items (multiple-choice). In 146 subjects the basic screening test was compared to a down-scaled version of the UPSIT (CC-SIT). Sniffin' Sticks exhibited a relatively higher coefficient of correlation with the subjects' age; they also demonstrated the women's superior olfactory sensitivity more pronounced when compared to men. In addition, the coefficient of correlation between age and olfactory performance was slightly higher when the sticks were used. Preliminary investigations in nine patients with impaired olfactory function (i.e., anosmic or hyposmic patients) revealed significantly lower scores in patients compared to healthy controls matched for age and sex (p < 0.001). It is concluded that Sniffin' Sticks may be useful in the routine clinical assessment of olfactory performance where both time and costs matter. Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany. Kobal G G Hummel T T Sekinger B B Barz S S Roscher S S Wolf S S eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Age Factors Female Humans Male Odors Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Sex Factors Smell physiology 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050101 9050100 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A prospective randomized controlled study of 4% lignocaine solution in Merocel nasal pack removal. 219-21 Packing of the nasal cavity following intranasal surgery is still widely practised. The removal of this packing is invariably associated with a significant amount of pain. We designed a prospective randomised case-controlled study to look at the efficacy of 4% lignocaine solution as a potential analgesic in the removal of Merocel nasal packs. Each patient had bilateral packs and acted as his or her own control with one pack being rehydrated with lignocaine and the other with saline. We found that there was a reduction in the level of discomfort experienced on the side rehydrated with lignocaine, although this reduction did not reach significance. We emphasize the importance of rehydration of these packs prior to removal. Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Lavy J A JA Small G V GV Jay N N Radcliffe G J GJ eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 0 Hemostatics 137-58-6 Lidocaine 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol IM Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage therapeutic use Case-Control Studies Female Formaldehyde Hemostatics Humans Lidocaine administration & dosage therapeutic use Male Nose surgery Pain Measurement Pain, Postoperative drug therapy Polyvinyl Alcohol Postoperative Complications prevention & control Postoperative Hemorrhage prevention & control Prospective Studies Tampons, Surgical 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050100 9050099 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Complications of endoscopically guided sinus surgery. 215-8 The authors reviewed a series of 553 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopically guided sinus surgery. Major complications occurred in six patients (2.2%). There was one death due to incorrect positioning of the frontal drain. One patient developed a cerebrospinal fluid leak which had to be closed with an osteomucosal graft. Two patients who developed severe bleeding after removal of the nasal packing, needed ligation of the sphenopalatine artery and the internal maxillary artery, respectively. Two patients developed a complete stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct, necessitating a dacryocystorhinostomy. Minor complications occurred in 36 patients (13.4%). These included damage to the lamina papyracea (n = 11), severe bleeding after removal of the nasal packing treated conservatively (n = 6), intranasal mucosal adhesions (n = 17), and atrophic rhinitis (n = 2). The aetiology, prevention and treatment of complications during and after sinus surgery are also discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur, Nice, France. Castillo L L Verschuur H P HP Poissonnet G G Vaille G G Santini J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Endoscopy adverse effects Female Humans Intraoperative Complications etiology prevention & control Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinuses surgery Postoperative Complications etiology prevention & control 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050099 9050098 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2008 11 21

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Fibroblasts but not epithelial cells obtained from human nasal mucosa produce the chemokine RANTES. 210-4 RANTES is a chemokine that was already found in tissues obtained from nasal polyps of patients suffering from chronic polypous sinusitis. Its cellular origin is as yet unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human nasal mucosa fibroblasts and epithelial cells are capable to produce RANTES. Fibroblasts and epithelial cells, obtained from healthy human nasal mucosa, were cultured. Expression of RANTES-mRNA and secretion of RANTES-protein in supernatants was investigated after stimulation with 50 ng/ml Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interferon-g (IFN-gamma), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbolymyristate acetate (PMA) and serum-free medium (SFM) for 24 h. Cultivated nasal fibroblasts either expressed RANTES-mRNA or secreted RANTES protein upon TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma stimulation. The amounts of RANTES-protein production ranged from 23 ng/ml (PMA) to 198 ng/ml (TNF-alpha). Nasal epithelial cells expressed RANTES-mRNA only after stimulation with PMA. Secretion of significant amounts of RANTES protein were not detected in the supernatants from nasal epithelial cells. We conclude that nasal fibroblasts but not epithelial cells could be a cellular source of RANTES in nasal mucosa or in secretions of patients suffering from diseases, where eosinophilic tissue infiltration represents a characteristic histopathological feature. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Germany. Maune S S Berner I I Sticherling M M Kulke R R Bartels J J Schröder J M JM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Chemokine CCL5 0 Interleukin-1 0 RNA, Messenger 0 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha 16561-29-8 Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 82115-62-6 Interferon-gamma IM Cells, Cultured Chemokine CCL5 biosynthesis genetics Epithelial Cells Epithelium secretion Fibroblasts cytology secretion Humans Interferon-gamma pharmacology Interleukin-1 pharmacology Nasal Mucosa cytology secretion RNA, Messenger analysis Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate pharmacology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha pharmacology 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050098 9050097 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2007 11 15

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Some fundamental studies on clinical measurement conditions in acoustic rhinometry. 206-9 Acoustic rhinometry is a new method to measure the patency of the nasal airway. In this study the clinical measuring conditions were systematically evaluated. The test-retest validity was analysed by repeated measurements in ordinary, not specially trained patients and was found to be at the level of approximately 15%. The need for acclimatization before measurements was tested by making a series of measurements on two separate occasions: one after a rest period following the patient's arrival at the nose laboratory, and a second in another session where no rest was allowed for. Statistically, no significant differences between the repeated measurements in the two occasions were found. However, there was a tendency towards smaller nasal volumes in the measures of the repeated recordings made without an acclimatization period. Therefore, it seems to be advisable to have an acclimatization period before acoustic rhinometry measurements. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University, Central Hospital, Finland. Sipilä J J Nyberg-Simola S S Suonpää J J Laippala P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acclimatization Acoustics Adult Analysis of Variance Evaluation Studies as Topic Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology Otolaryngology methods Reproducibility of Results 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050097 9050096 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2005 11 17

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Clinical manifestations of Japanese cedar pollinosis: an epidemiological study. 201-5 In an investigation of the clinical features of Japanese cedar pollinosis in Toyama Prefecture, Central Japan, an epidemiological study was carried out in 1991 by means of questionnaires. There were 1,720 female and 1,163 male patients, a total of 2,883 patients. In both female and male patients, the highest incidence was found in those in their thirties. The most frequent onset was 19th March 1991, when the maximum number of air-borne pollen was detected and also the highest temperature in March was recorded. The 236 patients in the children's group ranged in age from 5 to 15 years, and the number of male children was greater than that of female. The number of patients tended to increase only gradually up to the age of 11 years, and then rapidly from 12 to 15 years of age. The greatest number of patients developed symptoms at the age of 10 years. HD-RAST positivity was definitely higher in the children group than in the adult group. No significant association was found between the age of development of symptoms and HD-RAST positivity. Department of Otolaryngology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan. Nakagawa H H Ohashi N N Omura A A Watanabe Y Y Teranishi H H Keyaki Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age of Onset Aged Chi-Square Distribution Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Incidence Japan epidemiology Male Middle Aged Pollen immunology Prevalence Questionnaires Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal epidemiology etiology Trees 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050096 9050095 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Comparison between the effect of ipratropium bromide as a pressurized aerosol and as an aqueous pump spray on methacholine-induced rhinorrhoea. 198-200 Topical application of the anti-cholinergic drug ipratropium bromide is used for the treatment of rhinorrhoea. As the commercially-available pressurized aerosols are now largely being replaced by aqueous pump sprays, not containing CFC gases, we have compared these two types of sprays in a time-effect study of 20 normal persons, using the secretory response to nasal methacholine challenge as the effect parameter. Pre-treatment has been given as a single dose of 80 mg of ipratropium bromide, and 24 mg methacholine was used for challenge. The pressurized aerosol reduces rhinorrhoea with 60% (p < 0.05) and the effect lasts for at least 8 h. The corresponding value for the aqueous pump spray is 40% (p < 0.05) and the effect lasts for less than 4 h. The differences between the two sprays is significant 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 h after medication (p < 0.05). This finding is unexpected and we cannot offer a satisfactory explanation. The result indicates that changes in dosing and dose-frequency of ipratropium bromide may be necessary when patients are transferred from a pressurized spray to an aqueous pump spray. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Borum S S Becker B B Mygind N N Borum P P eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Ganglionic Stimulants 0 Methacholine Compounds 0 Solutions 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aerosols Analysis of Variance Female Ganglionic Stimulants Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage therapeutic use Male Methacholine Compounds Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis chemically induced drug therapy Secretory Rate drug effects Solutions 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050095 9050094 1997 06 13 1997 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 34 4 1996 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Is nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis a direct manifestation of genetic mutation or a complication of chronic infection? 194-7 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians. It is characterized by abnormal transepithelial sodium and chloride transport. The clinical expressions of the disorder are highly variable including nasal polyposis. Some authors have found that CF children with nasal polyposis form a distinct subgroup of patients within the clinical heterogeneity of the disease with milder gastrointestinal and pulmonary symptoms. The aim of this prospective study was to verify whether the clinical manifestations in CF children with nasal polyposis are different from control CF patients, and to identify any correlation between a phenotype of nasal polyposis and a genotype. Sixty-six CF children, aged 1-25 years, consecutively underwent ENT examination including nasal endoscopy. Twenty-one had nasal polyposis. The remainder formed the control group. There was no statistical difference in the mode and age of presentation of the disease between the two groups. The clinical manifestations (Schwachman and Kulczycki score, colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were comparable between the two groups. We found no statistical difference in the repartition of genotypes between the polyposis and the control groups. Nasal polyposis does not seem to be genetically dependent, but a larger sample of patients is needed to reach an accurate conclusion. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris, France. De Gaudemar I I Contencin P P Van den Abbeele T T Munck A A Navarro J J Narcy P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chi-Square Distribution Child Child, Preschool Cystic Fibrosis complications genetics Female Genotype Humans Infant Male Mutation Nasal Polyps etiology pathology Phenotype Prospective Studies Pseudomonas Infections complications Staphylococcal Infections complications 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 0 1 1996 12 1 0 0 ppublish 9050094 8560175 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Hutchinson's sign and its importance in rhinology. 180-2 Herpes zoster ophthalmicus usually has a typical appearance. However, if the disease is limited to the nasociliary branch of the trigeminal nerve, the ocular appearance may be confusing. Hutchinson in 1865 first noted that involvement of the external nasal branch of the fifth cranial nerve was associated with an increased incidence of ocular zoster. A case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus is presented that clinically resembled an ocular complication of sinus disease. The presence of a localized vesicular rash at the nasal tip assisted in an early diagnosis. Although this sign is known amongst ophthalmologists, its importance in rhinology is stressed. An anatomical explanation of Hutchinson's sign is given and the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus is briefly discussed. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom. Tomkinson A A Roblin D G DG Brown M J MJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antiviral Agents 59277-89-3 Acyclovir IM Acyclovir therapeutic use Aged Antiviral Agents therapeutic use Diagnosis, Differential Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus diagnosis drug therapy Humans Male Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560175 8560174 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Acinic cell tumour of the maxillary sinus: an unusual case initially diagnosed as parotid cancer. 177-9 An unusual case of acinic cell tumour of the maxillary sinus is presented. The patient, a 41-year-old male who had undergone incomplete excision of the tumour in the left parotid region previously, was referred to our department for further treatment. The initial pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland. CT-scan not only revealed tumours in the left pre-auricular and upper neck region, but also an enhanced mass in the left maxillary sinus. Although there were neither nasal symptoms nor destruction of the maxillary bone, aspiration biopsy of the maxillary sinus revealed class V. Total maxillectomy, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy were performed just after total parotidectomy and radical neck dissection at the left side. The clinical and histopathological findings are discussed. Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan. Yoshihara T T Shino A A Shino M M Ishii T T eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenocarcinoma diagnosis surgery Adult Carcinoma, Acinar Cell diagnosis surgery Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Neck Dissection Parotid Gland surgery Parotid Neoplasms diagnosis surgery 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560174 8560173 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology "Cross-stealing" technique for septal perforation closure. 174-6 The authors described a technique for the surgical repair of anterior septal perforations of medium size (up to 2 cm). This technique is based on two mucoperichondral (mucoperiosteal) flaps, one from each side of the septum. Four patients have been treated in this way, resulting in permanent and complete closure in three of them. In one patient the perforation has been significantly reduced and positioned much more posteriorly. The main advantage of this technique is a mutual overlapping of the raw flap surfaces which prevents drying-out and decay of the flaps. This technique proves to be rather simple to perform and has not shown any evidence of disturbed nasal physiology in a long-term follow-up period. University Hospital Salata, Zagreb, Croatia. Mladina R R Heinzel B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Follow-Up Studies Humans Nasal Septum injuries surgery Nose Diseases surgery Rhinoplasty methods Surgical Flaps 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560173 8560172 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2003 11 14

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal obstruction and skull base development: experimental study in the rat. 171-3 The influence of nasal obstruction on the development of the anterior skull base, of the tympanic bulla, and of the Eustachian tube was investigated in three groups of 20 albino Wistar rats in which one (group B) or both nostrils (group C) had been experimentally obstructed by means of synthetic resin mixed with radiopaque material. After two months, a cephalometric investigation demonstrated that the angle formed by the median line passing through the superior interincisive point and the most posterior median point of the occipital bone and by the line connecting the tympanic bulla and the superior interincisive point was significantly increased when the homolateral nostril had been obstructed if compared to controls (group A). On the basis of these preliminary cephalometric observations we suggest that nasal obstruction is able to determine anatomical changes of the superior maxilla, the skull base, and the jaw, with abnormal skeletal growth and consequent possible Eustachian tube dysfunction. ENT Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy. Paludetti G G Almadori G G Scarano E E Deli R R Laneri de Bernart A A Maurizi M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cephalometry Ear, Middle growth & development Eustachian Tube growth & development Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Rats Rats, Wistar Skull growth & development 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560172 8560171 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis: post-operative erythromycin therapy. 166-70 We discuss the results of endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery for chronic pan-sinusitis characterized by nasal polyposis, especially the effects of post-operative long-term administration of low-dose erythromycin (EM) therapy. The subjects analysed in this retrospective study are surgical cases who had initially been operated for chronic pan-sinusitis. They are classified into one group who has received a post-operative long-term, low-dose EM regimen and into another group who has not received this treatment. The groups have been compared with respect to: (1) the degree of improvement in the post-operative subjective symptoms; (2) postoperative objective findings of the ethmoidal sinus and the ostium of the frontal sinus; and (3) the degree of improvement in the maxillary sinus lesion. Better improvement is achieved in subjective symptoms and objective findings in the EM group than in the non-EM group. Department of Otolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Moriyama H H Yanagi K K Ohtori N N Fukami M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 114-07-8 Erythromycin IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Combined Modality Therapy Endoscopy Erythromycin administration & dosage therapeutic use Ethmoid Sinusitis drug therapy surgery Humans Maxillary Sinusitis drug therapy surgery Middle Aged Postoperative Care Retrospective Studies Sinusitis drug therapy surgery 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560171 8560170 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment for anosmia with nasal and paranasal sinus disease. 162-5 Systemic administration of corticosteroids was attempted in the treatment of olfactory loss resistant to topical corticosteroid treatment in patients with nasal and paranasal disease and post-upper respiratory infection. Significant efficacy was achieved with a short course of high-dose oral corticosteroids in patients with non-allergic sinus disease. On the other hand, anosmia induced by upper respiratory infection failed to respond to systemic corticosteroid treatment, suggesting permanent damage to the olfactory receptor cell. The underlying mechanism of effectiveness observed in patients with sinus disease may be explained by improvement of the mucosal thickening of the olfactory fissure, leading to the access of an odorant to the olfactory neuroepithelium. Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. Ikeda K K Sakurada T T Suzaki Y Y Takasaka T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Chronic Disease Female Glucocorticoids Humans Male Middle Aged Nose Diseases complications Olfaction Disorders diagnosis drug therapy etiology Prednisolone administration & dosage therapeutic use Respiratory Tract Infections complications Sinusitis complications Treatment Failure 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560170 8560169 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The endoscopic management of sphenoid and ethmoid mucoceles with orbital and intranasal extension. 157-61 Mucoceles of the sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses act as benign neoplasms and can result in bony erosion extending from within the confines of the sinuses into the intracranial and orbital spaces. Endoscopic management of such mucoceles has been debated, and, by some, considered a radical form of therapy. A review of consecutive patients with sinus mucoceles revealed eight sphenoid and six ethmoid mucoceles. Four of these were confined to the sinuses and 11 extended outside of the confines of the sinuses. There were four with intracranial extension, two with orbital extension, three with both intracranial and orbital extension, and two involving the clivus. All 15 patients were managed with endoscopic decompression. Two patients with ethmoid-frontal mucoceles also had frontal sinus obliteration, via an osteoplastic flap along with sphenoethmoidal decompression with an endoscopic approach. Thirteen patients had more than one year of follow-up. Two patients with ethmoid mucoceles with intracranial extension had recurrences of the mucoceles which again have been decompressed endoscopically. There were no orbital or intracranial complications in relationship to these procedures or from the mucoceles. Symptoms related to the mucoceles including loss of vision and severe headaches were resolved with decompression. The endoscopic management of sphenoid and ethmoid mucoceles with orbital and intracranial extension is a safe and reliable approach, obviates the need for major intracranial surgery and diminishes post-operative morbidity. Close follow-up is necessary and secondary decompression can be accomplished should the mucocele recur. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA. Benninger M S MS Marks S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Mucocele surgery Nose Diseases surgery Orbital Diseases surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Recurrence Retrospective Studies Sphenoid Sinus surgery 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560169 8560168 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic and CT-scan evaluation of rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis. 152-6 In order to obtain an accurate evaluation of nasal and paranasal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis patients, 75 patients with a proven cystic fibrosis diagnosis have been investigated using the following standard techniques: questionnaire, ENT examination, endoscopical examination, sinus X-rays, and in 31% of the cases a CT scan. The analysis of results shows that nasal obstruction is the most frequent symptom (32%) and that nasal polyps are present in 43% of the cases. Endoscopic examination seems to be of great interest in giving a more accurate picture of nasal and paranasal sinus disease. Analysis of CT scan images leads the authors to describe a new and specific entity in nasal and paranasal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis patients: the pseudomucocele. In this report, the authors discuss the various aspects of pseudomucocele, attaching particular importance to the CT scan results. Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervicofaciale, Hôpital intercommunal de Créteil, France. Coste A A Gilain L L Roger G G Sebbagh G G Lenoir G G Manach Y Y Peynegre R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chronic Disease Cystic Fibrosis complications Endoscopy Female Humans Male Mucocele diagnosis etiology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis etiology Nasal Polyps diagnosis etiology Rhinitis diagnosis etiology radiography Sinusitis diagnosis etiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560168 8560167 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps in children: results. 148-51 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was performed on 21 children with nasal polyps, who had a total of 34 operations, on 65 sides. Retrospectively, we reviewed the pre-operative symptoms, pre-operative findings and results of FESS. The diagnoses were made with anterior rhinoscopy and CT scan. Allergy could be confirmed in 24%. Half of the children (52%) had been previously operated on because of nasal polyps. They had more recurrences and worse results than children who underwent primary FESS. The subjective results were good in 77% with a mean follow-up of more than two years. However, a poor correlation between subjective and objective results was noted. Minor complications were seen in 9.2% of 65 sides operated on. The specific advantages of FESS in children are discussed. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Bolt R J RJ de Vries N N Middelweerd R J RJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Endoscopy Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Polyps surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Polyps surgery 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560167 8560166 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2003 11 14

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effect of a new ostium and sinus mucosal flaps on mucociliary flow of the maxillary sinus. 144-7 To evaluate the effect of a new ostium upon the mucociliary flow of the maxillary sinus, a window in the lateral wall of the sinuses was made and left open in New Zealand rabbits. The contralateral sinuses were used as controls. No change in mucociliary flow was observed, except for a shorter clearance time in sinuses with a new ostium. In the second group of rabbits the maxillary sinus mucosa was elevated at the floor, lateral and medial walls and rotated about 80-90 degrees. The other side acted as control, the mucosa was elevated and put in place again. The mucociliary flow of sinuses with rotation decreased significantly. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Onerci M M Aras T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Maxillary Sinus physiology Mucociliary Clearance Mucous Membrane physiology Rabbits Surgical Flaps 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560166 8560165 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of leukocyte chemotactic function in patients with chronic sinusitis. 141-3 In this study the chemotactic activities of neutrophils and monocytes were evaluated in patients with chronic sinusitis as compared to a control group. Leukocyte chemotaxis was measured with a micropore filter method in blood samples taken from 26 patients with chronic sinusitis and 10 volunteers. A statistically significant impairment of leukocyte chemotaxis capacity in patients with chronic sinusitis was found. It is concluded that a functional disorder of leukocytes may play a role in the progression of the disease into a chronic state. Department of Otolaryngology, Etimesgut Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Inceer A O AO Yetgin S S Onerci M M Sennaroglu L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chemotaxis, Leukocyte Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Monocytes physiology Neutrophils physiology Sinusitis blood 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560165 8560164 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Errors arising in cross-sectional area estimation by acoustic rhinometry produced by breathing during measurement. 138-40 Standardization of acoustic rhinometry is becoming increasingly important as the use of this technique becomes more widespread. The effects of breathing through the nose during acoustic rhinometry were investigated to determine if this affected the measurements of minimal cross-sectional area. During inspiration, and inspiration with the contralateral nasal airway obstructed, the minimal cross-sectional area decreased by 12.48% (p < 0.05) and 56.68% (p < 0.01), respectively, from the measurement made during a breathing pause. During expiration the reverse was observed, with increases in the minimal cross-sectional area of 13.95% (p > 0.05) and 40.20% (p < 0.05), respectively. In all but quiet expiration, the minimum cross-sectional area recorded during respiratory manoevres, differed significantly from those measured during a breathing pause. We recommend that in order to avoid changes in nasal measurements during breathing, acoustic rhinometry should be performed during a brief breathing pause. Department of Physiology, University of Wales College of Cardiff, United Kingdom. Tomkinson A A Eccles R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Adult Anthropometry methods Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity physiology Otolaryngology instrumentation Respiration physiology 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560164 8560163 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The interdomal ligament does not exist. 135-7 Some authors consider the interdomal ligament to be an important structure of nasal tip support, whereas in other studies of lobular anatomy such a ligament is not mentioned at all. To clarify this question, we performed an anatomical investigation, which included macroscopical dissection and histological sectioning of 14 human cadaveric noses. Our anatomical study failed to reveal the presence of an actual ligament in the interdomal area. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Zhai L J LJ Bruintjes T D TD Boschma T T Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Ligaments anatomy & histology Nose anatomy & histology 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560163 8560162 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Clinical efficacy of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid nasal spray in children suffering from pollinosis: a double-blind multicentre study. 132-4 A double-blind, four-centre study was carried out in 66 children to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (NAAGA) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) nasal sprays. At similar dosage conditions (one puff per nostril, four times daily, for 3 weeks), no significant differences between the treatments were discernible in the primary efficacy parameters (scores, patients' and physicians' opinion). Both products induced statistically significant improvements in the nasal, ocular and total scores, but not in the respiratory (breathing) score. The hay-fever symptoms improved clinically in > 50% of the children after only two weeks with both treatments. The exact figures depended on the parameters considered. Thirteen out of 25 patients (52%) in the NAAGA group found the efficacy "good" or "excellent" at the end of the treatment period; the corresponding opinion in the DSCG group was expressed by 10 out of 24 patients (41.7%). Of the 28 patients that used the rescue medication, 12 (42.8%) were from the NAAGA group and 16 (57.1%) from the DSCG group. One patient on NAAGA treatment reported side effects, i.e. pruritus in the nose and sneezing. Cliniques Universitaires, Saint Luc, Yvoir, Belgium. Bertrand B B Dab R R Daele J J van Cauwenberge P P van den Broeck R R eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dipeptides 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium 3106-85-2 N-acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Cromolyn Sodium administration & dosage therapeutic use Dipeptides administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Nebulizers and Vaporizers Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560162 8560161 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides extract: in vivo and in vitro results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. 126-31 Intranasal immunotherapy (IT) has been proposed as a means to induce an effective immunity of the nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis, avoiding systemic side effects. In the present study 20 individuals with chronic allergic rhinitis, and skin prick test reactive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) only, were randomized and subjected to a three months' double-blind placebo-controlled trial of intranasal IT with DP extract. All patients received also sodium cromoglycate as pre-medication. Before and at the end of the treatment the patients performed specific nasal provocation tests, and samples of serum and nasal secretions were collected to measure total and specific IgE, levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and mast-cell-derived tryptase. A clinical score was computed by the symptoms indicated by the patients. The clinical score did not change in the two groups after the treatment, whereas a decrease in nasal reactivity was observed. Total IgE increased only in secretions from placebo-treated patients, but were not modified in sera. IgE to DP in sera and nasal secretions did not change significantly. Tryptase levels in nasal secretions decreased in both groups, while ECP was unchanged after IT. Serum ECP levels decreased more in actively treated patients than in the placebo group. The data suggest that changes of IgE and inflammatory mediators may be affected by the use of sodium cromoglycate in both groups, but some parameters change early in different directions in IT- and placebo-treated groups. Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Fanales-Belasio E E Ciofalo A A Zambetti G G Ansotegui I J IJ Scala E E Paganelli R R Filiaci F F eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Antigens, Dermatophagoides 0 Glycoproteins 0 Placebos 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Allergens therapeutic use Animals Antigens, Dermatophagoides Chronic Disease Cromolyn Sodium therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Glycoproteins immunology Humans Immunoglobulin E blood Immunotherapy Male Mites immunology Placebos Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology therapy 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560161 8560160 1996 02 28 1996 02 28 2005 11 17

0300-0729 33 3 1995 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal levocabastine for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 121-5 In this international, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial 262 patients participated to assess the efficacy and tolerability of levocabastine nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Patients were randomized to receive either twice daily 0.05% levocabastine or matching placebo nasal spray with a treatment duration of four weeks. Assessments of global therapeutic efficacy favoured levocabastine. At the end of the trial, 55% of levocabastine-treated patients considered therapeutic efficacy to be excellent or good compared to 36% of those who received placebo (p < 0.001). The corresponding values for the investigator assessments were 54% and 37% (p < 0.001), respectively. Analysis of patients' diary data showed significantly lower AUCs for all parameters in the levocabastine group (p < 0.05). Investigator assessments revealed a trend towards a greater reduction in individual symptom severity from baseline in levocabastine-treated patients compared to placebo-treated controls. Adverse experiences were reported by 21% of levocabastine-treated patients and by 19% of those who received placebo, with no statistically significant differences in incidence or type. Headache and local reactions following application were the most frequently reported adverse events. Levocabastine nasal spray appears to be effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and is an alternative to oral antihistamines. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus Hospital, Denmark. Dahl R R Pedersen B B Larsen B B eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Piperidines 79516-68-0 levocabastine IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aged Double-Blind Method Female Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Piperidines administration & dosage therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1995 9 1 1995 9 1 0 1 1995 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8560160 7784797 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Giant sphenoid sinus. A case report. 52-3 A rare case of giant sphenoid sinus with excessive pneumatization is presented. The relevant literature is discussed. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Sennaroglu L L Ayas K K Bayar N N Hosal S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Carotid Arteries anatomy & histology Humans Male Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784797 7784796 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses. 46-51 Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses is a well-established clinical entity which has recently been classified into non-invasive and invasive forms with distinct sub-divisions of both types. Two cases are described, both highlighting potential serious complications of the disease as well as the importance of adequate medical and surgical treatment in effecting a favourable outcome. The disease is reviewed and the question as to whether cases necessarily fall into previously-defined clinical and pathological categories is also discussed. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom. Saeed S R SR Brookes G B GB eng Case Reports Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Adult Amphotericin B therapeutic use Aspergillosis diagnosis drug therapy surgery Diagnosis, Differential Diplopia diagnosis etiology Ethmoid Sinusitis diagnosis drug therapy surgery Female Humans Male Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis drug therapy surgery Prednisolone therapeutic use Sphenoid Sinusitis diagnosis drug therapy surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784796 7784795 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Sphenochoanal polyp in children. Diagnosis and treatment. 43-5 Two cases of sphenochoanal polyp (SCP) in children are reported. SCPs originate in the sphenoid sinus cavity, and extend into the choanal via the ostium. Symptoms associated with the syndrome include nasal blockage and headaches. Endoscopical examination reveals the presence of a choanal polyp, and the sphenoid origin of the polyp can be determined by CT scan. In cases where the middle meatus is obstructed, an opacity of the maxillary sinus is often observed. SCPs cannot be distinguished from antrochoanal polyp (ACP) by histological means. The treatment of the SCPs involves surgical removal and enlargement of the sphenoid sinus ostium. Ignorance surrounding the existence and the treatment of this syndrome may result in insufficient treatment and the consequent recurrence of the disorder. ENT Department, Hôpital Saint Charles, Montpellier, France. Crampette L L Mondain M M Rombaux P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Endoscopy Humans Male Nasal Polyps diagnosis surgery Nasopharynx Sphenoid Sinus Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784795 7784794 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2008 11 21

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Chronic nasal obstruction in children. A fiberscopic study. 4-6 In this prospective study, fiberscopies were gently performed in 375 paediatric patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nasal and nasopharyngeal anatomy and aetiologies of chronic nasal obstruction using fiberoptic examination in children. The essential advantage of this examination is that it allows a more thorough inspection of these cavities. The authors demonstrated that there exists a significant relationship between the relative size of the adenoid tissue and nasal obstruction complaints in children (p < 0.001). When the presence of adenoid hypertrophy was confirmed endoscopically, surgery proved to be highly efficacious in relieving chronic nasal obstruction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Free University, Brussels, Belgium. Wang D Y DY Clement P A PA Kaufman L L Derde M P MP eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoidectomy Adenoids pathology Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Endoscopy Female Fiber Optic Technology Humans Hypertrophy Infant Infant, Newborn Male Nasal Obstruction diagnosis etiology Prospective Studies 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784794 7784793 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Modified midfacial degloving. A practical approach to extensive bilateral benign tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 39-42 Midfacial degloving is a well-known technique for entering the nasal and paranasal cavities, the rhinopharynx and the base of the skull. We report our experience with a modification of midfacial degloving, applied to two patients with extensive bilateral benign tumours in the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses. No rhinoplastic procedure is necessary in this modification, and the access to the upper part of the nasal cavity is improved. Department of Otolaryngology and Radiology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Buchwald C C Bonding P P Kirkby B B Fallentin E E eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Ethmoid Sinus Frontal Sinus Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Nasal Polyps diagnosis surgery Nose Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Papilloma diagnosis surgery Papilloma, Inverted diagnosis surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Sphenoid Sinus Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784793 7784792 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Suture tip plasty. 30-8 The three main characteristics of the nasal tip are projection, rotation, and contour. During rhinoplasty the surgeon will strive to preserve or change these characteristics in a predictable fashion, avoiding undesirable sequelae, even after long-term follow-up. Conservation, relocation and augmentation rather than reduction are key principles in modern rhinoplasty, i.e. for obtaining gratifying tip surgery. Interdomal suture, transdomal suture, and lateral crural steal follow these modern principles, while having their clear indications for different nasal tip pathology. All three types of techniques involve (semi-)permanent sutures to change the shape of alar cartilages and can be considered complementary. Based on the same surgical philosophy these three techniques can be captured with the term "suture tip plasty". The objective of this paper is to describe, in a retrospective fashion, a series of 112 patients in whom suture tip plasty has been used as part of the rhinoplasty procedure. The technique proved versatile with predictable results and few manageable complications. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Gooi Noord Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands. Vuyk H D HD eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Rhinoplasty methods Sutures Time Factors 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784792 7784791 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology New aerodynamic aspects of nasal patency. 26-9 In considering possible aerodynamic indicators of subjective nasal stuffiness, we measured nasal resistance, acceleration change of nasal airflow, and alteration of differential pressure and compared those with the degree of severity of sensation of nasal obstruction in 75 patients. The acceleration change of airflow and alteration of differential pressure are presented as an equation: y = ax2 + bx + c, in which "a" represents the approximate shape of the curve. Nasal resistance, on either inspiration or expiration, and coefficient "a" of acceleration change the rapid phase from inspiration to expiration correlated well with subjective nasal patency, while coefficient "a" of acceleration change the rapid phase from expiration to inspiration and alteration of differential pressure either the rapid phase from inspiration to expiration or from expiration to inspiration did not correlate well with perception of nasal blockage. It seems that measurement of respiratory acceleration of airflow of quiet nasal breathing is a useful indicator of subjective nasal patency. Department of Otolaryngology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan. Naito K K Kondo Y Y Ohoka E E Komori M M Takeuchi M M Iwata S S eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acceleration Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology Nose physiology Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation Respiration 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784791 7784790 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Effects of inflammatory mediators on ciliary function in vitro. 22-5 Prostaglandins and histamine released during inflammatory and allergic reactions can affect the mucociliary system in different ways. By studying the effect of these mediators on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) with a photo-electrical technique in airway explants from different species, i.e. guinea-pig trachea, rabbit maxillary sinus, and human adenoid, the mechanisms underlying the effects of prostaglandin and histamine were further elucidated. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) produced a modest increase in CBF in preparations from guinea-pig trachea. The maximum response was 12.9 +/- 3.4% for the dose of 0.1 micrograms/ml, corresponding with 0.28 microM. Prostaglandin E1 produced a dose-dependent increase in explants from rabbit maxillary sinus, the maximum effect was 35.9 +/- 14.1% at a dose of 1.0 micrograms/ml. PGE1 produced a lesser increase in CBF in explants from human adenoids. A maximum increase of 4.1 +/- 1.6% was observed at a dose of 0.1 mg/ml. Histamine produced a moderate increase in CBF in explants from human adenoid at concentrations of 0.01-0.1 mM, corresponding with 1.84-18.4 micrograms/ml. In contrast, histamine did not significantly alter CBF in explants from the rabbit maxillary sinus or guinea-pig trachea. These results indicate that there are interspecies differences in the responsiveness to prostaglandins, and that PGE1 seems to have more powerful effects on CBF in the upper than in the lower airways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Department of Clinical Research, Draco AB, Lund, Sweden. Khan R R Dolata J J Lindberg S S eng Comparative Study In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Inflammation Mediators 0 Prostaglandins 51-45-6 Histamine 745-65-3 Alprostadil IM Adenoids drug effects Alprostadil pharmacology Animals Child Child, Preschool Cilia drug effects physiology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Epithelium drug effects Guinea Pigs Histamine pharmacology Humans Inflammation Mediators pharmacology Maxillary Sinus drug effects Mucociliary Clearance drug effects Prostaglandins pharmacology Rabbits Trachea drug effects 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784790 7784789 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A comparison of budesonide nasal dry powder with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. 18-21 There is circumstantial evidence that the incidence of allergic rhinitis is becoming increasingly common. There may also be a need for more potent drugs with minimal local and systemic side effects. This study has compared the efficacy and safety of budesonide delivered as nasal dry powder with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. Ninety-eight patients participated in a randomized, parallel group and partly blinded study. Treatment consisted of budesonide dry powder (Rhinocort Turbuhaler) at once daily doses of 200 micrograms (n = 24) or 400 micrograms (n = 22), fluticasone propionate (200 micrograms) once daily (n = 25), and placebo for budesonide dry powder (n = 27). A six-week treatment period was preceded by a two-week baseline period without treatment. Efficacy was assessed by daily subjective scoring of nasal symptoms. Safety was assessed by rhinoscopy, analysis of urine cortisol, and questioning of adverse events. All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo in controlling nasal symptoms. No significant differences in efficacy were found between the two budesonide regimens and fluticasone propionate. Adverse events were few and minor, and non-significantly distributed between treatments. In conclusion, this study shows that budesonide dry powder administered from Turbuhaler (200 or 400 micrograms) and fluticasone propionate aqueous spray (200 micrograms) administered in once daily doses, are effective and safe treatments of perennial allergic rhinitis. These novel treatments may enhance the current available alternatives in clinical practice. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Andersson M M Berglund R R Greiff L L Hammarlund A A Hedbys L L Malcus I I Nilsson P P Olsson P P Sjölin I L IL Synnerstad B B eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Powders 0 Pregnenediones 51333-22-3 Budesonide 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Topical Adult Aerosols Androstadienes administration & dosage Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Budesonide Female Glucocorticoids administration & dosage Humans Male Powders Pregnenediones administration & dosage Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Time Factors 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784789 7784788 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence of septal deviations in school-aged children. 1-3 A total of 687 school children, aged 6-15 years, were examined for nasal septal deviations with anterior rhinoscopy and maxillary sinus radiography. Septum deviations were divided into four different categories and the final evaluation included the clinically significant deviation, based on purely morphological findings. Columella deviation was an exceptional condition in 0.7% of children, septum spurs were found in 3.8%, bending of the quadrilateral cartilage was present in 13.4%, and premaxillary luxation in 28.7%. A clinical diagnosis of septum deviation was made in 9.5% of children. The occipitomental projection of the maxillary sinus X-ray was a good diagnostic tool in evaluating the clinical significance of septum deviation. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. Haapaniemi J J JJ Suonpää J T JT Salmivalli A J AJ Tuominen J J eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Age Factors Child Endoscopy Female Finland Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography Nasal Septum abnormalities Prevalence Sex Factors 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7784788 7540315 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Septal surgery and tubal function: early and late results. 7-9 The influence of nasal septal deviation and its surgical correction on the opening pressure of the Eustachian tube was studied. The Tuba Compliance Manometric test by the Valsalva manoeuvre was used. On the basis of early and late post-operative measurements, it was stated that surgical correction of a nasal septal deviation in order to improve the tubal opening pressure is justified, both on the deviated side and on the non-deviated side. Late post-operative results confirmed this finding. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Free University, Brussels, Belgium. Deron P P Clement P A PA Derde M P MP eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Acoustic Impedance Tests Airway Resistance Analysis of Variance Eustachian Tube physiology Follow-Up Studies Humans Manometry Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Nose physiology Postoperative Period Pressure Respiration Time Factors Valsalva Maneuver 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7540315 7540314 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Sustained use of xylometazoline nasal spray shortens the decongestive response and induces rebound swelling. 14-7 Long-term use of topical vasoconstrictors for the nose may result in rhinitis medicamentosa, drug addiction and tachyphylaxis. Some authors also believe that the severity of rebound swelling is proportional to the period during which the drug has been used, the frequency of its administration, and the amount of drug given. It has previously been reported that four-week use of the recommended dose of oxymetazoline induces rebound swelling, a sign of rhinitis medicamentosa. To study the effect of an increased amount of vasoconstrictor on rebound swelling and the decongestive effect of the drug, nine healthy subjects were given xylometazoline nasal spray in double the recommended dose (1.0 mg/ml; 0.28 ml in each nostril thrice daily) for 30 days. After 30 days on xylometazoline, the decongestive effect was the same 1 h after drug administration as before starting the medication. Similarly, after 30 days on xylometazoline, the decongestive effect was less 5 h after drug administration than it was 6 h after drug administration at the start of medication (p < 0.005). After 10 days no rebound swelling was recorded, but after 30 days rebound swelling occurred in eight out of nine subjects (p < 0.05). When comparing the results of this trial with the corresponding results of the oxymetazoline study, no further increase in rebound swelling was found. We conclude that long-term use of xylometazoline nasal spray shortens the decongestive response in healthy volunteers. Moreover, double the recommended dose of xylometazoline did not further increase the rebound swelling seen when using the recommended dose of oxymetazoline. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Graf P P Juto J E JE eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Adolescent Adult Aerosols Female Humans Imidazoles administration & dosage adverse effects pharmacology Male Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage adverse effects pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects Rhinitis chemically induced Time Factors Turbinates drug effects 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7540314 7540313 1995 07 14 1995 07 14 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 1 1995 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The airflow resistance profile of healthy nasal cavities. 10-3 Distribution of resistance to respiratory airflow in the nasal cavities was determined by digitized pressure/flow measurements of consecutive 2-cm airway segments between nostril and nasopharynx. Healthy adult subjects seated in a head-out body plethysmograph breathed exclusively through a single nasal cavity while transnasal pressure and flow signals were transduced, digitized and processed by a programmed desk-top computer to provide resistance values. Mean total resistances of untreated and decongested single nasal cavities were 0.44 (n = 30; SD +/- 0.25) and 0.26 (n = 15; SD +/- 0.06) Pa/cm3/s, respectively. The proportion of total airway resistance of successive 2-cm segments from nostril to nasopharynx was 56%, 22%, 16%, and 6% in the untreated nose, and 88%, 5%, 2%, and 5% following decongestion. The findings from 45 nasal cavities are consistent with previous pressure/flow measurements from six nasal cavities and support recent acoustic reflection assessments of nasal cross-sectional areas of both untreated and decongested noses. Semmelweis Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Budapest, Hungary. Hirschberg A A Roithmann R R Parikh S S Miljeteig H H Cole P P eng Case Reports Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Nasopharynx physiology Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation Software 1995 3 1 1995 3 1 0 1 1995 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7540313 7569662 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The endoscopic endonasal surgical technique in the treatment of chronic recurring sinusitis in children. 97-103 Chronic recurring sinusitis (CRS) is a difficult diagnosis to make in the paediatric patient. However, increased awareness by physicians and improved technology are contributing to an increasing frequency of this diagnosis. Children with their immature development of the paranasal sinuses and immunological systems present special problems in the treatment of CRS. Concern must be given to potential alteration of the development of the paranasal sinus system and tooth buds in the maxilla by a surgical procedure in children. Various surgical procedures have been recommended in the past in the treatment of CRS failing medical management. A review of 124 paediatric patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery using the technique of Messerklinger and Stammberger in the treatment of CRS over an 11-year period is presented. A detailed questionnaire regarding patient's satisfaction and symptomatic relief has been sent to all patients. The results indicate a successful outcome from this technique and a high level of patient satisfaction. No complications such as CSF leak or orbital injury have been encountered, and no evidence of altered facial growth and development has been noted. We find the endoscopic endonasal technique to be a safe and effective method in the treatment of children with CRS failing medical management. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Graz, Austria. Wolf G G Greistorfer K K Jebeles J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Chronic Disease Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Polyps surgery Patient Satisfaction Recurrence Reoperation Retrospective Studies Sinusitis surgery Time Factors Treatment Outcome 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569662 7569661 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The place of endonasal endoscopy in the treatment of orbital cellulitis. 93-6 Orbital cellulitis secondary to acute sinusitis is uncommon, dangerous, and can lead to blindness and death. The ethmoid is the predominantly involved sinus. Management policy consists of early drainage of the affected sinus combined with systemic antibiotic therapy. If no improvement is achieved within the first 48 h, exploration of the fronto-ethmoidal region is mandatory. Endonasal endoscopic surgery facilitates early drainage of the affected sinus, eradication of the disease from the fronto-ethmoidal region, and drainage of the subperiosteal abscess. Sixteen cases of orbital cellulitis were treated successfully by endonasal endoscopic surgery with no complications. Armed Forces Hospital, Wadi-al-Dawasir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. el-Silimy O O eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Adolescent Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Cellulitis drug therapy etiology surgery Combined Modality Therapy Drainage methods Endoscopy methods Ethmoid Sinus surgery Ethmoid Sinusitis complications drug therapy Female Humans Male Orbital Diseases drug therapy etiology surgery Periostitis surgery 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569661 7569660 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery in sinusitis. 89-92 In terms of functional treatment of sinonasal pathologies, endoscopic surgery represents a spectacular advance, offering excellent illumination, views of areas previously impossible to monitor, and the ability to view the main reference points in the surgical field. Over a five-year period (1988-1993), the authors have performed 278 paranasal sinus operations, using endoscopic techniques. The results obtained in 250 patients, with a minimum follow-up period of one year, have been analyzed. The criteria of assessment used include: self-assessment by the patient and the surgeon's assessment, made on basis of the endoscopic data. The best results were obtained in cases of antrochoanal polyps, polyposis not associated with asthma or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity, circumscribed chronic sinusitis, and aspergillomas. The worst results, with a high rate of recurrence, have been obtained with ASA sensitivity and chronic suppurative pan-sinusitis. It is essential to reach a consensus on the staging of polyposis so that treatment can be monitored adequately, even though, in itself, the pathology is difficult to classify as it can vary in a single patient for no apparent reason. On the other hand, there is a difference between the subjective and objective assessment of the condition, and this makes it even harder to explain the results obtained. ENT Department, Hospital Santa Caterina, Girona, Spain. Massegur H H Ademà J M JM Lluansi J J Fabra J M JM Montserrat J M JM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy statistics & numerical data Humans Nasal Polyps surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Postoperative Complications epidemiology Reoperation statistics & numerical data Sinusitis surgery 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569660 7569659 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Manometric rhinometry: a new method of measuring nasal volume. 86-8 A new method of measuring the volume of the air space in the nose and sinuses is presented. We have called this method "manometric rhinometry." By closing off the nose anteriorly and posteriorly a closed space is created. A volume of air is then removed and the resultant pressure change is recorded. The original volume is calculated from the pressure change. Twenty adults have been investigated using this method. The volume recorded ranged from 78 to 198 ml (average: 138 ml). Test-retest analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98. In addition, 24 children aged 4 to 12 years were examined. Their volumes were 43 to 198 ml. Test-retest analysis gave a correlation coefficient of 0.94. The significance of these findings is discussed. ENT Department, St. Michael's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom. Porter M M Williamson I I Kerridge D D Maw R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Calibration Child Child, Preschool Equipment Design Humans Manometry instrumentation Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Nasal Obstruction diagnosis Nasopharynx Paranasal Sinuses 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569659 7569658 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The mask: style and volume do not influence rhinomanometry. 84-5 We have tested the influence of face-mask style and volume on rhinomanometric measurements. Using an artificial head-and-piston pump to standardize the test conditions, four types of face masks (volumes varying from 120 to 200 ml) have been tested in a series of 20 measurements per mask. No statistical difference could be found between the series using a Chi-square test. We conclude that there is no influence of form and volume of the face mask on the accuracy of the rhinomanometric measurement. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland. Maranta C A CA Scherrer J L JL Simmen D D eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Equipment Design Humans Manometry instrumentation standards Masks Models, Structural Nasal Obstruction diagnosis Reproducibility of Results 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569658 7569657 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal resistance in recumbency and sleep. 82-3 Nasal resistances to respiratory airflow were measured by computer-assisted rhinomanometry in 21 adult males without major clinical nasal pathology. Measurements were obtained when seated and repeated on assumption of recumbency and during sleep. Resistance in Pa/cm3/s of subjects (n = 21) increased from a mean (+/- SD) of 0.14 +/- 0.07 in seated posture to 0.35 +/- 0.32 in recumbency. In the majority of subjects the increase was modest and was unaffected by sleep. It is suggested that unrecognized mucosal abnormality with resulting impairment of vascular tone or minor structural deviation of the nasal septum could account for the few cases of marked elevation of nasal resistance we observed in recumbency. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Miljeteig H H Cole P P Haight J S JS eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM S Adult Airway Resistance physiology Humans Male Manometry Nasal Obstruction etiology physiopathology Polysomnography Posture physiology Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Sleep physiology 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569657 7569656 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Study of nasal cytology in atopic patients after nasal allergen challenge. 78-81 In order to study the normal and pathological inflammatory cell population in nasal secretions, nasal microsuction has been performed in 18 atopic patients and 10 healthy volunteers after nasal allergen and/or PBS challenge. After cytospin, the samples have been stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa solution. Three hundred inflammatory cells have been counted by light microscopy, and the percentage of each cell type has been calculated. Results show that only a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the percentage of eosinophils 1-10 h after nasal allergen challenge occurs. In general, this finding correlates well with the symptom of nasal obstruction as measured by passive anterior rhinomanometry (PAR) during the late phase, but not with the number of sneezes. In agreement with the literature, late-phase nasal obstruction is shown to be accompanied by an increase in the percentage of eosinophils in nasal secretions. The potential role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of the late phase in the inflammatory events after nasal allergen challenge has again been confirmed by our study. This study further confirms the usefulness of nasal microsuction as a sampling technique, providing uniform and adequate nasal cytological specimen for the analysis of nasal cytology. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Free University, Brussels, Belgium. Wang D D Clement P P De Waele M M Derde M P MP eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Adult Allergens diagnostic use Case-Control Studies Cell Count Eosinophils pathology Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa secretion Nasal Obstruction pathology Nasal Provocation Tests Pollen Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal pathology 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569656 7569655 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Electron microscopical studies of the cell population in nasal secretions. 70-7 The purpose of this study is to identify the cell types and ultrastructural changes of the cells in nasal secretions, and to understand the pathology of allergic and infectious rhinitis. Nasal secretions from 20 patients with allergic rhinitis and 15 patients with infectious rhinitis have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell population of the allergic group consists of (in order of predominance): epithelial cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophilic cells (basophil leukocytes and mast cells), and macrophages. In the infectious group the population contains: neutrophils, epithelial cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Marked degranulation has been observed in the granules of eosinophils in allergic nasal secretions together with granule fusion, vacuolation, and signs of phagocytosis. Increased numbers of basophil leukocytes and mast cells are also a feature of the allergic nasal secretion. Degranulation of neutrophils is markedly increased in the infectious group as compared to the allergic group. Clustered epithelial cells are observed in the allergic group more often than in the infectious group. Four types of lymphocytes with different morphological features are observed in both groups, i.e. small lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte-like cells, large granular lymphocyte-like cells, and plasma cells. The results of the present study show special ultrastructural characteristics in the cell population of allergic nasal secretions, i.e., an increase in the number of degranulated eosinophils and basophilic cells, clustered epithelial cells, and large granular lymphocytes, while an increase in degranulated neutrophils and macrophages with marked phagocytosis are characteristic for infectious nasal secretions. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Yang P C PC Okuda M M Pawankar R R Aihara K K eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Basophils ultrastructure Diagnosis, Differential Eosinophils ultrastructure Epithelial Cells Female Humans Lymphocytes ultrastructure Macrophages ultrastructure Male Mast Cells ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron Nasal Mucosa secretion Neutrophils ultrastructure Rhinitis pathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial pathology Sinusitis pathology 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569655 7569654 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Cell suspension cultures and adenoid epithelium: an assessment of the source of material for human ciliary function experiments in vitro. 66-9 The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of two different in vitro models for studying the function of human upper respiratory cilia, i.e. cell suspension cultures of human upper airway epithelium, and ciliated adenoid epithelium. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and signal consistency (SC), as parameters of ciliary function, were measured by a computerized photo-electrical method. Measurements after one week revealed that CBF of ciliated aggregates from cell suspension cultures had deteriorated to a mean of 5.8 Hz. In the subsequent period, it remained at this rather low and non-physiological level. SC decreased too, although not as dramatically. These results indicate that ciliated aggregates from cell suspension cultures cannot be used for human ciliary function experiments in vitro. On the other hand, in ciliated adenoid epithelium, CBF remained constant for a period of 5 h, although SC decreased after 30 min. Because of this result and the fact that ciliated adenoid epithelium is easily obtainable, we regard this material as suitable for studying human ciliary beat in vitro. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. Schuil P J PJ Graamans K K Huizing E H EH eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoids cytology Cell Culture Techniques methods Cells, Cultured Cilia physiology Epithelial Cells Humans Mucociliary Clearance physiology Nasal Mucosa cytology Nasal Polyps pathology Time Factors 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569654 7569653 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Prevalence study of nasal septal deformities in Korea: results of a nation-wide survey. 61-5 A nation-wide survey investigating the prevalence and risks of nasal septal deformity (NSD) was conducted by a group of otolaryngologists from July through October 1991. The total number of subjects surveyed was 9,284, and these were drawn from 2,899 households residing in 60 different areas throughout the country. The overall prevalence of NSD was 22.38%, and NSD tended to predominate in males and to increase with age. According to Mladina's classification, the most common type was type 1, followed by types 2, 3, 5, 7, 4, and 6. A positive correlation between nasal trauma history (NTH) and NSD was statistically confirmed (p < 0.01). Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea. Min Y G YG Jung H W HW Kim C S CS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Korea epidemiology Male Middle Aged Nasal Bone injuries Nasal Septum injuries Nose injuries Nose Deformities, Acquired epidemiology etiology Prevalence Risk Factors Sex Factors Skull Fractures complications epidemiology 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569653 7569652 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2010 11 18

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Successful treatment of ozena with ciprofloxacin. 57-60 Rhinitis chronica foetida, or ozena, is a rare chronic inflammatory disease. The aetiology and pathogenesis are still not satisfactory explained. For many years various medical and surgical methods for the treatment of this slowly progressive and disabling disease have been tried without permanent success so far. The new fluoroquinolones with excellent effect on gram-negative bacteria and high suitability for oral use offer a potentially attractive treatment for ozena. We review our experience in the treatment of 10 patients with ciprofloxacin in a daily dose of 500-750 mg b.i.d. for 1-3 months. The patients have been followed regularly for up to 26-74 months after treatment and in all of them we registered permanent disappearance of odour, crusting, and growth of Klebsiella ozenae. We conclude that ciprofloxacin provides a step towards better conservative therapy for patients with ozena. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden. Nielsen B C BC Olinder-Nielsen A M AM Malmborg A S AS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Infective Agents 85721-33-1 Ciprofloxacin IM Anti-Infective Agents pharmacokinetics therapeutic use Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics therapeutic use Drug Administration Schedule Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Klebsiella drug effects isolation & purification Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa microbiology Prospective Studies Rhinitis, Atrophic drug therapy microbiology Therapeutic Irrigation Time Factors 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569652 7569651 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Mediastinal emphysema associated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery. A case report. 111-2 A case of mediastinal emphysema after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is presented. Mediastinal emphysema is a rare and previously unreported complication after FESS. The possible aetiologies are discussed. Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Al-Nahda Hospital, Sultanate of Oman. Sohail M A MA Kishore K K Stammberger H H Jebeles J A JA Luxenberger W W eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Anesthesia, General adverse effects Chronic Disease Endoscopy adverse effects methods Humans Male Mediastinal Emphysema etiology Recurrence Sinusitis surgery 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569651 7569650 1995 11 22 1995 11 22 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 2 1995 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Diagnostic imaging of fungal sinusitis: eleven new cases and literature review. 104-10 Fungal sinusitis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic or recurring sinusitis resistant to adequate medical treatment. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis, and the clinical examination is rarely conclusive. The definitive diagnosis depends on the pathologist in most cases. We reviewed retrospectively the imaging findings, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR), in a series of fungal sinusitis patients. Non-enhanced CT scan is more sensitive than conventional X-ray in detecting the classical focal areas of hyper-attenuation and calcification seen in soft-tissue masses of fungal sinusitis. MR findings of hypo-intense signals on T1-weighted sequences which progress to signal-void area on T2-weighted sequences, are characteristic features of fungal sinusitis; however, it is reserved for cases where intracranial invasion is suspected or CT findings are inconclusive. Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada. Roithmann R R Shankar L L Hawke M M Chapnik J J Kassel E E Noyek A A eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Chronic Disease Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Mycoses diagnosis Sinusitis diagnosis microbiology Tomography, X-Ray Computed 20 1995 6 1 1995 6 1 0 1 1995 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7569650 8919221 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The place of endonasal endoscopy in the relief of middle turbinate sinonasal headache syndrome. 244-5 Middle turbinate sinonasal headache syndrome is a rare but not uncommon treatable cause of headache. The true incidence of headache from this cause is unknown. Pneumatization (concha bullosa) or hypertrophy of the middle turbinate can result in it contacting the septum or the lateral nasal wall and may give headaches in the periorbital region. It may occur in the absence of inflammatory sinus disease. The clinical history, nasal endoscopic examination and, coronal CT-scan should point towards the diagnosis and a local anaesthetic challenge test should confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is by relieving the contact point by medical or surgical means. Twenty-one cases of middle turbinate sinonasal headache syndrome refractory to medical treatment are presented with emphasis on the results of endonasal endoscopic surgical treatment. ENT Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Wadi Al Dawasir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. El-Silimy O O eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Endoscopy Female Headache diagnosis physiopathology surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Syndrome Turbinates physiopathology surgery 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919221 8919220 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Acquired nasopharyngeal obstruction and "Metsovo lung". 240-3 Acquired nasopharyngeal obstruction is a rare lesion today. Formerly it was the result of infections, but today it is more commonly seen as an unusual complication of surgical trauma. This article reports the first case, as we know it from the international literature, of nasopharyngeal obstruction which cannot be attributed to the already known causes and which occurred in a woman with "Metsovo lung" (i.e., occupational exposure to the asbestos-containing mineral tremolite). The ascertainment in the future of other cases like this will confirm the correlation between nasopharyngeal stenosis and Metsovo lung for which we have not any doubts. Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece. Shevas A T AT Kastanioudakis I G IG Constantopoulos S H SH Assimakopoulos D A DA eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Asbestosis complications radiography Calcinosis etiology radiography Constriction, Pathologic etiology radiography Female Humans Nasopharyngeal Diseases etiology radiography Pleural Diseases etiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919220 8919219 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Outcome for the first 85 patients treated with the functional endoscopic sinus surgery technique. 236-9 Out of 85 patients operated on with the functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) technique, 62 patients (73%), representing 105 operated sides, participated in an endoscopic follow-up with concomitant questionnaire concerning symptoms and patient's evaluation of the result. On 61 operative sides were performed polypectomies, 43 sides were operated on because of chronic recurrent sinusitis. Twelve patients (corresponding to 17 sides) were re-operated on. The mean follow-up period was 16 months for the patients with one operation, for those with re-operation it was 10 months. Eighty-two per cent of the patients reported subjectively marked or full improvement, 18% had experienced no change or slight improvement. By endoscopy, 43 operated sides (41.0%) were considered fully normal at follow-up. Residual polyposis was seen in 21 of 61 operated sides (35.9%) with pre-operative polyposis, and purulent discharge was seen in 11 sides (10.5% of all operated sides). The discrepancy between subjective satisfaction and objectively-assessed recurrent or residual pathology indicates a need for further elucidation of the aetiologies for chronic inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Obstruction of the drainage pathways around the ostiomeatal complex cannot explain all cases of sinusitis and is hardly aetiological in polyposis. Nevertheless, FESS is presently an adequate treatment in obtaining immediate relief in most cases of medically resistant sinusitis and polyposis. ENT Department, Hillerod Hospital, Denmark. Frisch T T Arndal H H Fons M M eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Endoscopy adverse effects Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Prognosis Recurrence Reoperation Sinusitis surgery 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919219 8919218 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2005 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Determination of sensitivity of inhalant allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in West Athens. 234-5 In this study we have determined the sensitivity to inhalant (pollen and non-pollen) allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis from West Athens, Greece. The frequency of SPT positivity was highest for Dactylis glomerata, Parietaria, Olea europea, Dermatophagoides and several moulds. ENT Department, General Hospital of Piraeus, Greece. Kontothanasi G G Moschovakis E E Tararas V V Delis A A Anagnostou E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Administration, Inhalation Adolescent Adult Aged Allergens administration & dosage immunology Female Greece Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology Skin Tests 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919218 8919217 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: indications, technique and results. 229-33 Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) allows an obstructed lachrymal drainage system to be drained into the nasal fossa. Since the development of endonasal microsurgical techniques, the endonasal approach presents itself as an alternative choice to the conventional external approach. It is far less traumatic, yet as efficacious as the conventional approach, and avoids the need for a skin incision and the disruption of the medial canthal structures. Twenty-six patients suffering from lachrymal system obstruction underwent 28 endonasal dacryocystorhinostomies under microscopical (n = 25) or endoscopic control (n = 3). Pre-operative assessment included clinical symptoms (sac swelling, purulent secretions, epiphora) and outflow obstruction on X-rays (conventional dacryocystography and/or subtraction macrodacryocystography). Post-operatively, 23 DCR were free of symptoms. Two presented occasional epiphora and three were unsuccessful. The presence of pre-operative purulent secretions was significantly correlated with post-operative success and with lachrymal sac patency, which is also confirmed by X-ray examination (p<0.001). Thus in cases of purulent secretion with epiphora, X-ray examination is redundant and may be avoided. On the contrary, when epiphora is an isolated symptom, X-rays must be performed in order to determine where the obstruction is located and to provide information on lachrymal sac morphology. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, UCL de Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium. Eloy P P Bertrand B B Martinez M M Hoebeke M M Watelet J B JB Jamart J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Child, Preschool Dacryocystorhinostomy methods Endoscopy methods Female Humans Lacrimal Apparatus radiography Lacrimal Duct Obstruction radiography surgery Male Microsurgery methods Middle Aged Retrospective Studies 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919217 8919216 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Racial differences in nasal fossa dimensions determined by acoustic rhinometry. 224-8 Sixty acoustic rhinographs from subjects of three different ethnic groups (Caucasian [Europeans], Negro, and Oriental) were examined at baseline and after decongestion. The main parameters analysed were minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), the distance at which this occurred (D), nasal volume at 0-4 cm (Vol), mean cross-sectional area at 0-6 cm (MA), and the cross-sectional area at 10 points in the nose (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm) analysed as a series (A). Values from left and right were combined and mean values used. Analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression and grouped linear regression with analysis of covariance and, for A, multifactorial analysis of variance. For MCA, race was the main determining factor with Orientals and Caucasians significantly lower than Negroes: p<0.0001 (corrected means and 95% confidence intervals [c.i.]: Orientals: 0.63 cm2, 0.55-0.71 cm2; Caucasians: 0.69 cm2, 0.62-0.77 cm2; Negroes: 0.87 cm2, 0.79-0.95 cm2). Height alone correlated with D in the decongested state (p<0.0001); race as well as height in non-decongested noses (p = 0.018). There were significant racial differences in Vol in both decongested (p = 0.014), and non decongested noses (p<0.0001). In the non-decongested state MA was significantly different in all racial groups: p<0.0001 (corrected means and c.i.: Orientals: 3.89 cm2, 3.47-4.31 cm2; Caucasians: 4.67 cm2, 4.27-5.09 cm2; Negroes: 5.13 cm2, 4.72-5.53 cm2). In the decongested state there was a significant difference between Negroes and the other two groups (p = 0.015), and Orientals and Caucasians were a homogenous population. We conclude that race has a significant effect on acoustic rhinometry measurements and this needs to be taken into account. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Morgan N J NJ MacGregor F B FB Birchall M A MA Lund V J VJ Sittampalam Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Analysis of Variance Anthropometry Asian Continental Ancestry Group Continental Population Groups European Continental Ancestry Group Female Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Otolaryngology instrumentation methods 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919216 8919215 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Practical aspects of acoustic rhinometry: problems and solutions. 219-23 Acoustic rhinometry now has an established place in the rhinology laboratory as a measure of nasal geometry. We aimed to investigate several aspects of technique in order to offer some guidance on preferred procedures. We studied the effects of nosepiece seal quality, nosepiece aperture diameter, angle of inclination of the wave tube (in two planes), palate position and inter-observer variation on the nasal area-distance function. One hundred nasal cavities in adults and children were examined: 50 normal and 50 pathological. Each factor was examined intensively in 20 cavities, and reproducibility data obtained on all 100 cavities. The baseline mean coefficient of variation for nasal cavity volume (V1) was 6% and for minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) was 8%. Altering the angle of incidence of the wave tube in the axial and coronal planes caused considerable change in the traces from the anterior nasal cavity, including the I- and C-notches, and affected the MCA significantly (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Using a small nosepiece aperture accentuated the I-notch, and the nosepiece in some cases became the site of the minimal area. Addition of a silicone-based sealant to the standard nosepiece caused a mean reduction of 14.3% in nasal volume, if the seal quality was suspected to be suboptimal. Nasopharyngeal volume decreased by a mean of 28.6% when the palate is raised by the modified Valsalva manoeuvre, and no difference was found between quiet oral respiration and cessation of nasal respiration. Acoustic rhinometry is sensitive to minor changes in the details of technique. We recommend using an intermediate range of angles in both planes, the addition of a sealant where the nosepiece seal is suspect, use of newer improved nosepieces and synchronizing readings with either cessation of nasal respiration or with quiet oral respiration. There is a pressing need for international agreement on such details if collaboration and clinical application of acoustic rhinometry is to flourish. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Fisher E W EW Morris D P DP Biemans J M JM Palmer C R CR Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Adolescent Adult Aged Anthropometry Child Child, Preschool Humans Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Otolaryngology instrumentation methods Reproducibility of Results 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919215 8919214 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Surgical decisions in the management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. 212-8 The surgical management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea has changed significantly after the introduction of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of sinusitis. The clear anatomical exposure of the roof of the nasal and the sinus cavities by the endoscope offers the surgeon an opportunity to identify the area of the CSF leak, which enables one to adequately plan the treatment. The incidence of iatrogenic CSF rhinorrhoea has also increased, especially after the introduction of endoscopic sinus surgery. This study and presentation will analyze the various medical and surgical decisions that can be offered in the management of CSF rhinorrhoea from the authors' combined 10-year experience. The early identification of high-risk patients prior to surgery will be stressed including the various diagnostic options which are currently available in isolating the leak. The technique of endoscopic repair in the surgical management of the various leaks and the timing of the repair will be discussed in detail. Department of Otolaryngology, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, USA. Anand V K VK Murali R K RK Glasgold M J MJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Fibrin Tissue Adhesive IM Adolescent Adult Aged Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis surgery Decision Making Endoscopy Female Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use Humans Intraoperative Complications diagnosis surgery Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Postoperative Complications diagnosis surgery Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919214 8919213 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Microscopical surgical management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea with free grafts. 208-11 Iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea can occur after intranasal ethmoidectomy or removal of pituitary tumours using a transsphenoidal approach, and is categorized as intraoperative or post-operative according to the time of onset. From 1989 to 1992 at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, we successfully repaired nine cases of CSF rhinorrhoea using fibrin-glue-coated fascia or inferior turbinate mucosa under a surgical microscope. Neither recurrent leaks nor post-operative complications were associated with the free graft. Our results indicate that repair of CSF rhinorrhoea using free grafts under a surgical microscope is as successful as using a local flap, and it is a simple and very effective method in managing CSF rhinorrhoea. The surgical technique is discussed in detail. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Yoon J H JH Lee J G JG Kim S H SH Park I Y IY eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Fibrin Tissue Adhesive IM Adult Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea surgery Fascia transplantation Female Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use Humans Male Microsurgery methods Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa transplantation 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919213 8919212 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Leukocyte compartments in the nasal secretion medium. 203-7 Nasal secretions are known to play a role in respiratory tract and host defense. Besides the mucociliary transport and biochemical properties of the mucus, we hypothesize the role of a secretory leukocyte compartment. We designed a time-series study to count leukocytes in baseline, physically- and pharmacologically-induced secretions. Twenty-three healthy volunteers and 29 patients participated in the study. In healthy subjects, secretion weights significantly increased from 24 +/- 5 mg (mean +/- SEM) at baseline to 35 +/- 6 mg and 115 +/- 12 mg, respectively, in physically and methacholine-induced secretions (p < 0.05). The leukocyte count did not change between baseline (14,445 +/- 5,010) and physically induced secretions (13,396 +/- 6,8401), but significantly increased after methacholine (28,140 +/- 11,411; p = 0.02). Leukocyte differential counts showed, moreover, an increase of lymphocytes in the methacholine-induced compartment. In patients, secretion weights significantly increased from 70 +/- 12 mg at baseline to 117 +/- 22 mg and 223 +/- 28 mg, respectively. The leukocyte count significantly increased between baseline (172,109 +/- 95,890) and physically induced secretions (410,503 +/- 318,224; p = 0.02), but decreased after methacholine (112,774 +/- 54,860). These data argue for the existence of a secretory leukocyte compartment, with a subcompartment of surface and an intraglandular subcompartment of reserve, the kinetics of which are different in patients and control subjects. ENT Department, Central Hospital, Henri Poincare University, Nancy, France. Janowski R R Coffinet L L Audouy H H Foliguet B B eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Parasympathomimetics 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride IM Adult Aged Analysis of Variance Female Humans Leukocyte Count drug effects Leukocytes cytology drug effects Lymphocyte Count drug effects Male Methacholine Chloride pharmacology Middle Aged Mucus cytology drug effects secretion Nasal Mucosa cytology drug effects secretion Parasympathomimetics pharmacology 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919212 8919211 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on ciliary activity of human paranasal sinus mucosa in vitro. 199-202 The effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on ciliary activity of human paranasal sinus mucosa were investigated in vitro. Normal mucosa was surgically obtained from human paranasal sinuses and incubated in the form of tissue culture. Ciliated cells were magnified under an inverted microscope, and ciliary activity was photoelectrically measured. LTD4 progressively inhibited ciliary activity, and showed a more potent effect on ciliary activity compared to LTC4. The concentrations of LTC4 and LTD4 in the incubation medium were determined by radioimmunoassay when the mucosa was incubated with 10(-8) M LTC4. The concentration of LTD4 gradually increased and after 90 min reached the maximum of 0.71 x 10(-8) M, while that of LTC4 was reduced to about 10% of its initial concentration within 60 min. These results suggested the possible conversion of LTC4 to LTD4 on the mucosa, and that LTC4 can inhibit ciliary activity by means of LTD4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yamanashi Medical University, Japan. Ganbo T T Hisamatsu K K Inoue H H Mizukoshi A A Goto R R Murakami Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 72025-60-6 Leukotriene C4 73836-78-9 Leukotriene D4 IM Cilia physiology Humans Leukotriene C4 metabolism physiology Leukotriene D4 metabolism physiology Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Mucosa cytology metabolism physiology Paranasal Sinuses cytology metabolism physiology Radioimmunoassay 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919211 8919210 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of the human cell line RPMI 2650 as an in vitro nasal model. 194-8 We have investigated a human nasal cell line, RPMI 2650 (ATCC), as an in vitro model to assess the absorption and tolerability of nasally administrated peptides. This cell line was cultured on different filters (i.e. Nunc, Costar, Falcon, Millipore, and Becton) which were uncoated or coated with collagen types I or IV, laminin, fibronectin and extracellular matrix. Cell line morphology, capability of forming a cell layer and phenotype were analyzed by light-, fluorescence- and electron microscopy. The morphological analysis showed that RPMI 2650 cells were forming cell clusters on one group of filters (i.e., Nunc, Costar, Falcon and Becton filters coated with collagen types I or IV, laminin and extracellular matrix). On the second group of filters (i.e., Becton and Millipore filters, coated with fibronectin) the cells had the tendency to spread in a cell layer. In both groups of filters, the cells never showed cell polarization, nor microvilli and tight junctions. Phenotyping of this cell line was performed by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies against human cytokeratins 10, 17 and 18 (markers of epithelial cells), desmin (markers of mesothelial cells) and vimentin (marker of mesothelial cells). Vimentin was strongly expressed, cytokeratins 10, 17 and 18 were weakly expressed, and desmin was not expressed. The human nasal cell line RPMI 2650 was not able to form a tight cell layer under these cell culture conditions. The limits of this cell line as an in vitro nasal model for drug absorption is discussed. Sandoz Pharma, Drug Delivery Systems, Basel, Switzerland. De Fraissinette A A Brun R R Felix H H Vonderscher J J Rummelt A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Desmin 0 Vimentin 68238-35-7 Keratins IM Absorption Cell Line Desmin metabolism Humans Keratins metabolism Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Models, Biological Nose cytology metabolism ultrastructure Phenotype Vimentin metabolism 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919210 8919209 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Primary ciliary dyskinesia: ultrastructural defects and clinical features. 189-93 Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically determined disorder characterized by immotility or poor motility of the cilia in the airways and elsewhere. Certain specific defects in the ciliary axoneme can be found, which are pathognomonic of the syndrome. The defects include missing dynein arms, abnormally short dynein arms, spokes with no central sheath, missing central microtubules, and displacement of one of the nine peripheral doublets. We have reviewed 19 cases of primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnosed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The age distribution ranged from five to 15 years, and there were six males and 13 females. All 19 cases had abnormal cilia which consisted of Ia (three cases), Ib (three cases), isolated Id (three cases), isolated II (one case), isolated III (two cases), and Id + other types (seven cases), according to Sturgess' classification. The most pronounced clinical manifestations are chronic paranasal sinusitis (52%) and chronic bronchiectasis (52%), followed by bronchopneumonia (26%), chronic bronchitis (21%), and nasal polyps (15%). Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea. Min Y G YG Shin J S JS Choi S H SH Chi J G JG Yoon C J CJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Cilia ultrastructure Ciliary Motility Disorders pathology Female Humans Male Microscopy, Electron Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919209 8919208 1997 01 03 1997 01 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 33 4 1995 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Site of origin of nasal polyps. Transcranially removed naso-ethmoidal blocks as a screening method for nasal polyps in autopsy material. 185-8 In autopsy material naso-ethmoidal blocks were removed in 19 patients. None of the patients had a preceding rhinoscopy. Before removal, the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses were opened and screened for polyps. After removal the total naso-ethmoidal complex was carefully examined for nasal polyps. The site of origin of the individual polyp was registered and documented photographically. Nine polyps were found in five patients, of which four had no history of asthma, allergy or sinusitis. Two patients had unilateral solitary polyps, three had polyps bilaterally. All polyps were found in the meatus. Eighty-nine per cent of the polyps were related to the clefts from the ethmoid. Polyps were not observed inside the ethmoidal and other paranasal sinuses. ENT Department, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Larsen P L PL Tos M M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Ethmoid Sinus pathology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology Nasal Polyps pathology 1995 12 1 1995 12 1 0 1 1995 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8919208 7839089 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology 2,500 years of nosebleeding in art. 151-7 In 132 objects of art (mainly paintings and drawings, a few sculptures, and one mosaic) dating from the pre-classical period in ancient Greece to our days, nosebleeding due to different reasons could be detected in museums, churches, galleries and art-books. Children and adults were bleeding from their noses because of mechanical injury, infectious diseases, haemorrhagic diathesis, and drugs. Some artists depicted nosebleeding in a very realistic manner, others represented this symptom in an exaggerated or caricaturistic way. From a total of 132 examples of nosebleeding 53 are presented, including 18 with figures. ENT Department, University of Ulm, Germany. Pirsig W W Pentz S S eng Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q Epistaxis history History, 15th Century History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Humans Medicine in Art 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839089 7839088 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Objective assessment of posterior choanae and subglottis. 148-50 The assessment of children with suspected stenosis of the posterior choanae and the subglottis can be arbitrary and subjective. A study was therefore undertaken to assess the normal size of both posterior choanae and subglottis in normal children and ascertain their relationship. The size of the posterior choanae in 72 children ranged from 3-9.3 mm (3-5.5 mm when less than one year old, and 6.1-9.3 mm when older than one year). The two sides were of equal size in 51 children (p < 0.001), in 16 children the right side was larger than the left (p < 0.01), and in 5 children the left was larger than the right side. The subglottic size in 52 children ranged between 4.2-9.3 mm (1.2-5.5 mm when less than one year old, and 6.1-9.3 mm, when older than one year). The size of the subglottis was of equal size or within 1.0 mm of the average size of the two posterior choanae in 41 children (p < 0.001), and of different sizes in 11 children. Accurate and objective assessment of either area can therefore be made by measuring and comparing the two sizes in the same child. Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Violaris N S NS Pahor A L AL Chavda S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Female Glottis anatomy & histology Humans Infant Larynx anatomy & histology Male Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Reference Values 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839088 7839087 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Minimal cross-sectional areas, nasal peak flow and patients' satisfaction in septoplasty and inferior turbinectomy. 145-7 Changes in minimal cross-sectional areas, measured by acoustic rhinometry as well as nasal peak flow fractions and linear analogue patients' satisfaction scores, were measured in two groups of eight patients each, undergoing septoplasty alone and septoplasty combined with trimming of the inferior turbinates, respectively. Patients who had both procedures performed showed the greatest increase in both minimal cross-sectional areas and peak flow fractions, and both of these parameters were closely correlated with patients' satisfaction, whether the patient was satisfied or not. Pre-operative nasal obstruction was worse in the dual-procedure group, but post-operative satisfaction was significantly greater in these patients. Both acoustic rhinometry and nasal peak flow fractions can be recommended as accurate and easy to perform pre-operative measurements in patients undergoing surgery for nasal obstruction. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Marais J J Murray J A JA Marshall I I Douglas N N Martin S S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Obstruction pathology physiopathology surgery Nasal Septum pathology surgery Patient Satisfaction Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Pulmonary Ventilation Turbinates pathology surgery 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839087 7839086 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Sensation of nasal obstruction compared to rhinomanometric results in patients referred for septoplasty. 141-4 In previous studies concerning correlations between subjective nasal obstruction and rhinomanometric findings the subjects quite often had normal nasal status and symptomless nasal breathing. The correlation sometimes proved to be poor. In the present study, intercorrelations between rhinomanometry and subjective sensation of nasal patency were evaluated in 102 patients referred for septoplasty. The hypothesis was that this material should give more realistic results than normal cases. In pre-operative rhinomanometry it was found that in 62 cases the nasal airway resistance (NAR) after decongestion of the nasal mucosa was pathological compared to our normal material and in 40 cases it was within normal range. The patients were asked, before rhinomanometric recording, to indicate the narrower side of the nose, right or left. After that, both baseline and post-decongestion recordings were made. The rhinomanometric results concerning the side difference were compared to the subjective assessment. Our results showed that in the 62 cases with pathological NAR the subjective and rhinomanometric evaluation was consistent in 46 of the baseline and 50 of the decongestion cases. In the 40 patients with normal NAR the figures were 19 and 20, respectively. It is obvious that if NAR is low it is more difficult for the patient to determine the more obstructed side. We conclude that rhinomanometry rather than the subjective sensation of the subject is more suited to detect subtle side difference in resistance between the nares. Department of Otolaryngology, University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. Sipilä J J Suonpää J J Laippala P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Obstruction physiopathology surgery Nasal Septum surgery Sensation physiology 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839086 7839085 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Normalization of maxillary sinus mucosa after FESS. A prospective study of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps. 137-40 To observe the normalization of antral mucosa after FESS, 71 patients suffering from chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps were enrolled in this study. Pre-operative profiles including history, allergy skin test, and saccharin time test were done. Endoscopic findings of the antral mucosa were divided into 3 groups: polyposis, oedema, and thickening. The time sequence required for normalization of the mucosa was observed through the antromeatal opening. A patient's history of more than seven years, a saccharin time longer than 36 min, and polyposis of antral mucosa are ominous signs for recovery. The most frequent endoscopic finding of maxillary sinusitis is oedema and many of the sinus units (42%) gained complete recovery during the third month. Pre-operative profiles and endoscopic findings during surgery can serve as a reference of recovery time and treatment modality. Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. Fang S Y SY eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Endoscopy Humans Maxillary Sinus pathology Maxillary Sinusitis complications pathology surgery Mucous Membrane pathology Nasal Polyps complications Prospective Studies 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839085 7839084 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Radio-opacity of the paranasal sinuses. Conventional views and CT. 134-6 In order to examine the reliability of conventional views in predicting the degree of radio-opacity, irrespective of soft tissue or fluid seen in chronic sinusitis in adults, a comparison has been made between the results of evaluations by two routine views (Caldwell's and Waters') and by CT in axial scans. Ninety-seven sides (61 case) were included in the study. The radio-opacity was classified into three groups according to the degree of aeration or radiolucency. The diagnosis of plain films were classified into three categories (matched diagnosis, over-diagnosis, and under-diagnosis) in comparison to the radio-opacity depicted by corresponding CT scans. The incidences of matched diagnosis are, in the order of percentages: maxillary sinus (78.4%), frontal sinus (71.1%), nasofrontal area (66.0%), anterior ethmoidal cells (52.6%), and posterior ethmoidal cells (52.6%). The incidence of over-diagnosis is highest in the posterior ethmoidal cells (52.6%) and lowest in the maxillary sinus (20.6%). The incidence of under-diagnosis is highest in the anterior ethmoidal cells (24.7%) and lowest in the maxillary sinus (1.0%). Department of Otolaryngology, Saitama Medical College, Japan. Iinuma T T Hirota Y Y Kase Y Y eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Chronic Disease Diagnostic Errors Humans Paranasal Sinuses radiography Sinusitis radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839084 7839083 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Immunological localization of neuropeptide-degrading enzymes in the nasal mucosa. 130-3 Neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) and carboxypeptidase N (CPN, EC 3.4.17.3) are potentially important enzymes which regulate the degradation of neuropeptides, such as bradykinin (BK) and substance P (SP), in the respiratory mucosa. Some neuropeptides are also degraded by these enzymes in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the localization of these enzymes in the human nasal mucosa by an indirect immunohistochemical technique (immunogold silver staining). NEP-immunoreactive areas were present in the epithelium, the serous cells of the submucosal glands, and the endothelial cells of small vessels. The epithelium and the serous cells were the predominant areas of NEP immunoreactivity in the nasal mucosa. ACE-immunoreactive areas were seen in the outer layer of the epithelium, the endothelial cells of vessels, and widely distributed in the superficial lamina propria. The endothelial cells of the vessels showed maximum positive intensity to ACE. CPN-immunoreactive areas were observed in the epithelium, the endothelium of vessels and the superficial lamina propria, except for the gland cells. The superficial lamina propria exhibited maximum immunoreactivity for CPN. We observed that the enzymes were widely distributed in the nasal mucosa. The epithelium, including the epithelial cells and glycocalyx, contains all three enzymes. These enzymes play an important role in the mucosal immunity of the respiratory mucosa by degrading active neuropeptides. These results show that NEP secretion is regulated by a glandular, cholinergic control. On the other hand, ACE and CPN secretion are regulated by vascular permeability. Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Ohkubo K K Okuda M M Kaliner M A MA eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Neuropeptides EC 3.4.15.1 Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A EC 3.4.17.3 Lysine Carboxypeptidase EC 3.4.24.11 Neprilysin IM Humans Immunohistochemistry Lysine Carboxypeptidase analysis Nasal Mucosa chemistry cytology metabolism Neprilysin analysis Neuropeptides metabolism Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A analysis 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839083 7839082 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Turn-over of PAF in cultures of human paranasal sinus mucosa. 127-9 The change of PAF concentration in the culture medium was investigated by radioimmunoassay when 10(-8) M PAF or 10(-8) M lyso-PAF was incubated with a piece of normal human paranasal sinus mucosa. The PAF concentration in the medium of the former group was halved within 11.3 min and reduced to less than 5% of the initial concentration within 60 min. However, there was no significant difference in the reduction of PAF concentrations in the medium between groups with or without the mucosa. When 10(-8) M lyso-PAF was incubated with a piece of mucosa, PAF gradually increased and reached the maximum of 0.36 x 10(-8) M at 20 min, and thereafter quickly decreased to a non-detectable level. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yamanashi College of Medicine, Japan. Ganbo T T Hisamatsu K K Inoue H H Horiguchi S S Shimomura S S Murakami Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Platelet Activating Factor IM Cells, Cultured Ethmoid Sinus metabolism Humans Mucous Membrane metabolism Platelet Activating Factor metabolism Radioimmunoassay Time Factors 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839082 7839081 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Histamine sensitivity in the nasal mucosa during four-week use of oxymetazoline. 123-6 In order to objectively study the histamine sensitivity of the nasal mucosa during 30 days of regular use of oxymetazoline nasal spray (0.5 mg/ml; 0.1 ml in each nostril, thrice daily), eight healthy volunteers were examined with rhinostereometry. After 10 days on being treated, the histamine sensitivity was slightly enhanced. After a further 20 days the sensitivity was significantly increased compared to that before the start of the medication (p < 0.05). This increase in histamine sensitivity for the group is significantly greater than that of healthy drug-free volunteers, and the level is comparable with that of patients with non-allergic nasal hyperreactivity (NANH). It is concluded that a hyperreactive mucosal reaction develops after a relatively short time on oxymetazoline and that the results of this study are in line with the recommendation that the drug should not be used for more than 10 days. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Graf P P Juto J E JE eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline 51-45-6 Histamine IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Female Histamine diagnostic use pharmacology Humans Male Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nasal Provocation Tests Oxymetazoline administration & dosage pharmacology Time Factors 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839081 7839080 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal reactivity to histamine and methacholine: two different forms of upper airway responsiveness. 119-22 In 44 subjects (healthy controls and patients with allergic, non-allergic or infectious rhinitis) we compared nasal histamine and methacholine responsiveness. A weak correlation between histamine- and methacholine-induced secretion was found (r = 0.34; p = 0.02), in contrast to the highly significant association between secretion and sneezes induced by histamine (r = 0.78; p < 0.0001). Our observations suggest that histamine and methacholine responsiveness represent different forms of upper airway hyperreactivity. The contribution of glandular responsiveness as measured by methacholine challenge and the involvement of irritant receptors or reflexes as measured by histamine provocation may vary between individuals. Department of Allergology, University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Gerth van Wijk R R Dieges P H PH eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride IM Adolescent Adult Child Female Histamine diagnostic use Humans Infection complications Male Methacholine Chloride diagnostic use Middle Aged Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis etiology physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839080 7839079 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Immotile cilia syndrome: nasal mucociliary function and nasal ciliary abnormalities. 109-11 We present 17 patients with a typical symptomatology of immotile cilia syndrome, seven of them with complete situs inversus. Firstly, a study of the nasal mucociliary transport was made by means of the radioisotopic technique with serum albumin-Tc99m. In all cases there was absence of transport. Secondly, we studied the ultrastructure of the nasal cilia. Defects in the dynein arms were frequently found (65%). In two cases (11%) there were no cilia; in two other cases the cilia were normal, and in another two cases alterations of the central pair of microtubules were seen. Ciliary complexes were detected in all cases. We conclude that in patients with chronic or recurrent infections of the airways without known cause we must initiate a study of the nasal mucociliary transport. If this is absent or decreased, study of ciliary ultrastructure should be carried out. If mucociliary transport is normal, immotile cilia syndrome is ruled out and ultrastructural study of the cilia is not required. ENT Department, General and University Hospital, Medical School, Valencia, Spain. Armengot M M Juan G G Barona R R Garin L L Basterra J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin IM Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Cilia ultrasonography Ciliary Motility Disorders pathology physiopathology radionuclide imaging Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Mucosa physiopathology ultrastructure Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin diagnostic use 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839079 7839078 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology An in vitro model to study effects of airborne pollutants on human ciliary activity. 105-8 A method to study the effects of airborne pollutants on ciliary activity of isolated human respiratory cells is presented. Human respiratory cells were scraped from nasal cavities of 25 healthy volunteers and washed in Ringer's solution. The cells were placed on polycarbonate membranes (3 microns pore size) and kept in macroplate holders swimming on Ringer's solution. Cells were thus kept humid and were supplied with nutrients through the pores of the membrane by capillary forces, while their surface was exposed to the gaseous environment. Isolated respiratory cells were exposed to SO2, NO2, and mixtures of SO2 and NO2 in various concentrations for 30 min and for 2 h. Exposure to synthetic air served as control. Ciliary beat frequency was measured using video-interference contrast microscopy, before and after exposure to the various gases. Exposure of isolated respiratory cells to a non-toxic gaseous environment resulted in a 20% reduction of ciliary beat frequency. A concentration-dependent decrease of ciliary beat frequency following exposure to SO2 in concentrations ranging between 2.5 and 12.5 ppm was found. Exposure to NO2 up to 2 h in concentrations ranging between 3 ppm and 15 ppm did not decrease ciliary beat frequency. No cumulative effect was found, if a mixture of SO2 (2.5 ppm) and NO2 (12 ppm) was applied. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. Riechelmann H H Kienast K K Schellenberg J J Mann W J WJ eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Air Pollutants 10102-44-0 Nitrogen Dioxide 7446-09-5 Sulfur Dioxide IM Adult Air Pollutants adverse effects Cilia drug effects physiology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Nitrogen Dioxide adverse effects Sulfur Dioxide adverse effects 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7839078 7530857 1995 03 02 1995 03 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 3 1994 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory mucosal findings and clinical course in patients with olfactory disorders following upper respiratory viral infection. 113-8 Seventy patients with olfactory disorders following upper respiratory viral infection (URVI) were studied clinically, and the olfactory mucosa of 13 patients was biopsied using special biopsy forceps. The specimens were examined using immunohistochemical staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein (S-100), cytokeratin (CK), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Although the clinical course of URVI-olfactory disorders was not very good, overall a high proportion of Alinamin intravenous injection test-positive patient's recovered their sense of smell. Immunohistochemical study of the biopsy specimens revealed a decrease in the number of olfactory receptor cells and nerve bundles. In a few cases the olfactory neuroepithelium was replaced by metaplastic squamous epithelium. Sometimes different types of degeneration were found in the same specimen. No PCNA-immunoreactivity was detected in the olfactory epithelium. The result generally correlated with the degree of degeneration of the olfactory mucosa, because regeneration of the olfactory receptor cells is suspected to be extremely slow or rare in humans. Alinamin test-positive patients had many olfactory receptor cells. These findings suggest that olfactory mucosal biopsy and the Alinamin intravenous injection test are useful methods of determining the prognosis in post-URVI olfactory disorders. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ageo Central Hospital, Japan. Yamagishi M M Fujiwara M M Nakamura H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen 0 S100 Proteins 68238-35-7 Keratins EC 4.2.1.11 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase IM Adult Aged Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Keratins analysis Male Middle Aged Olfactory Mucosa chemistry pathology physiopathology Phosphopyruvate Hydratase analysis Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen analysis Respiratory Tract Infections metabolism pathology physiopathology S100 Proteins analysis Sensory Thresholds Smell physiology Virus Diseases metabolism pathology physiopathology 1994 9 1 1994 9 1 0 1 1994 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7530857 8029625 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Results of oral steroid treatment in nasal polyposis. 5-9 Twenty-five patients with massive nasal polyposis were treated during four days with 60 mg oral prednisolone (Deltacortril) followed by a progressive reduction of the dose (minus 5 mg per day). Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by means of symptoms, anterior rhinoscopy, and a CT scan of the sinuses before and at the first visit after the treatment. Seventy-two per cent of the patients showed subjective improvement due to the involution of polyps in the nasal cavity. However, on CT of the paranasal sinuses only 52% showed a clear improvement. In general, the frontal and sphenoid sinuses were more likely to clear up completely than were the ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses. Therapeutic efficacy seemed to be better in the group of ASA-intolerant patients and worse in the allergic group. The "intrinsic" group showed an equal distribution of good results. Also, the presence of eosinophils in polyps played no role in the therapeutic outcome. We found a strong tendency of recurrence within five months after successful oral steroid therapy. On the other hand, pre-operative systemic steroid therapy considerably facilitated the surgical procedure. Keeping in mind the side effects of systemic steroid therapy, this treatment should be mainly reserved for cases in which surgery is planned. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Free University, Brussels, Belgium. van Camp C C Clement P A PA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-24-8 Prednisolone 50-78-2 Aspirin IM Administration, Oral Adult Aged Aspirin adverse effects Combined Modality Therapy Drug Hypersensitivity epidemiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy epidemiology radiography surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local epidemiology Prednisolone administration & dosage therapeutic use Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029625 8029624 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2005 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Chromium-induced carcinoma in the nasal region. A report of four cases. 47-50 The carcinogenicity of chromium is well established in chromium-induced lung cancer. As of yet, however, there have been only few reports of head-and-neck cancer induced by chromium. We report four cases of carcinoma in the nasal region which seemed to be induced by chromium. All patients have worked at the same chromate factory for 19 to 32 years. The first patient has suffered from squamous cell carcinoma of the left nasal cavity, starting 11 years after his retirement. He received radiotherapy followed by surgery. A malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurred in his left upper gingiva in a previously irradiated region, 7 years after the previous treatment. Surgery and chemotherapy for palliation failed to control the tumour, and he eventually expired. The other three patients underwent lobectomy for lung cancer. In cases 2 and 3, the tumour occurred in the left nasal cavity six and ten years, respectively, each after the lobectomy. In case 4, the tumour arose from the nasopharynx 15 years after the lobectomy. These patients are alive and well without any sign of tumour. The presented cases seem to be induced by long-term exposure to chromium. We conclude that regular physical examination of chromate workers is mandatory for the early detection not only of lung cancer but also of head-and-neck cancer. Department of Otolaryngology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. Satoh N N Fukuda S S Takizawa M M Furuta Y Y Kashiwamura M M Inuyama Y Y eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7440-47-3 Chromium IM Aged Carcinoma, Squamous Cell chemically induced epidemiology Chromium adverse effects Gingival Neoplasms epidemiology Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous epidemiology Humans Japan epidemiology Lung Neoplasms chemically induced epidemiology Male Middle Aged Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms chemically induced epidemiology Neoplasms, Second Primary epidemiology Nose Neoplasms chemically induced epidemiology Occupational Diseases chemically induced epidemiology Occupational Exposure 11 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029624 8029623 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The Sheffield Nasal Pressure Probe: the development of a new device to measure intranasal pain thresholds. 45-6 We present the development of a mechanical pressure probe which was constructed from items readily available to most university departments. The device is simple to operate and gives repeatable determinations. Its main use has been to measure the pressure thresholds for pain in the nasal mucosa. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Fairley J W JW Yardley M P MP Durham L H LH Stevens J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Equipment Design Humans Nasal Cavity Nasal Mucosa innervation Pain Measurement instrumentation Pain Threshold Pressure 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029623 8029622 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Osteoplastic endonasal approach to the maxillary sinus. 42-4 A new surgical approach for removal of isolated maxillary sinus pathology, mainly of symptomatic maxillary sinus cysts, is presented. It is based on the principles of osteoplastic sinus surgery and uses the transnasal approach. It allows a safe removal under direct vision or endoscopic control with standard surgical instrumentation. The normal maxillary ostium and healthy ethmoidal cells are not sacrificed and thus the lymphatic pathways as well as the mucociliary transport are not endangered. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Erlangen/Nurnberg, Germany. Rettinger G G Gjuric M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cysts surgery Endoscopy Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Surgical Flaps methods 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029622 8029621 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Lateral augmentation of the middle third of the nose with autologous cartilage in nasal valve insufficiency. 34-41 Nasal valve insufficiency (NVI) is a troublesome clinical entity for both the patient and the otorhinolaryngologist. Aetiological factors include congenital and iatrogenic causes, trauma, aging. Pathology is frequently located in the middle third of the nose: the upper lateral cartilages (ULC) and the cartilaginous septum (CS). The nasal valve (NV) is the plane through the caudal edges of the ULC and the CS, and is part of a larger three-dimensional area called the nasal valve area (NVA). The NVA is considered to have the narrowest cross-sectional area of the entire airway. Between 1989-1992, 32 patients with nasal obstruction due to an incompetent nasal valve were surgically treated by lateral augmentation with autologous cartilage "spreader" grafts, placed between the CS and the ULC to widen the apex of the NVA. In all cases the open approach for rhinoplasty (OSR) was used. After a mean follow-up of 18 months, 27 patients were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire, head-and-neck examination, nasal endoscopy, photography and video-documentation of the NVA. The patient's subjective opinion was used in the assessment of the surgical success. In 48% of the patients there was complete resolution of complaints. An overall improvement of nasal patency was seen in 81% of the cases. No major complications occurred. The indications, technique and results are presented. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, De Wever Hospital, Heerlen, The Netherlands. Zijlker T D TD Quaedvlieg P C PC eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cartilage transplantation Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Obstruction epidemiology surgery Nasal Septum surgery Patient Satisfaction Retrospective Studies Rhinoplasty methods Time Factors Transplantation, Autologous 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029621 8029620 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Experiences with the bridge-flap technique for the repair of large nasal septal perforations. 25-33 After a review of the literature a modified surgical method called "bilateral bridge-flap technique" for the closure of nasoseptal perforations is outlined. After an extensive elevation of mucoperichondrium and mucoperiosteum from the entire septum as well as from the nasal roof and the nasal floor bipedicle advancement flaps are created: on one side above the perforation by a longitudinal incision along the nasal roof, and on the opposite side below the perforation by a longitudinal incision along the lateral wall of the lower nasal meatus. In very large perforations it may be necessary to create two bridge flaps on each side, one below and the other one above the perforation. After bilateral closure of the mucosal defects the cartilaginous defect is entirely filled with an autogenous cartilage graft taken either from remainders of the septum or from the auricle or rib. Until now this method has been applied in 54 patients with nasoseptal perforations measuring between 0.3 x 0.5 cm and 2 x 5 cm. Forty-eight patients had a follow-up of more than six months; in 45 (93.75%) of these cases the procedure was successful. In the other six patients closure of the perforation could also be obtained, but they were excluded from the evaluation of the overall success rate because of their short follow-up. The essential characteristics illustrating this technique's reliability are: (1) the principally bilateral closure of the mucosal defects; and (2) the additional reconstruction of the cartilaginous septal defect with an autogenous cartilage graft only. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, City Hospital, Neuss, Germany. Schultz-Coulon H J HJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Cartilage transplantation Child Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Iatrogenic Disease Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa surgery Nasal Septum surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired epidemiology surgery Rhinoplasty methods Surgical Flaps methods Time Factors Transplantation, Autologous 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029620 8029619 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The relationship of skin temperature to the nasal cycle in normal subjects. 20-4 Nasal airway resistance and skin temperature at the cheek, nose and forearm were measured at 30-min intervals over a period of 7 h in six healthy subjects (age 22-25 years). Right and left skin temperature measurements were made with an infrared thermometer, and right and left nasal airway resistance was measured by active posterior rhinomanometry. Three of the six subjects exhibited what has previously been described as a nasal cycle with spontaneous reciprocal changes in nasal airway resistance. There was a highly significant negative correlation between right and left nasal airway resistance in these subjects (r = 0.64 to -0.78). In contrast to the nasal airway resistance the right and left skin temperatures had highly significant positive correlations (r = 0.74 to 0.93), which demonstrates that the skin temperature changes on each side of the body occurred in parallel with no evidence of a reciprocal relationship. The results indicate that in normal healthy subjects there is no relationship between nasal airway resistance and skin temperature despite the fact that both are controlled by sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves. Department of Physiology, University of Wales College of Cardiff, United Kingdom. Preece M M Eccles R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance physiology Female Humans Male Manometry Nasal Mucosa blood supply innervation physiology Regional Blood Flow physiology Skin Temperature physiology Sympathetic Nervous System physiology 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029619 8029618 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology IgG subclass levels in chronic rhinosinusitis. 15-9 Sera from seventy-four adult patients with chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis (mean duration 10.3 years) were tested for levels of total immunoglobulin and IgG subclasses. Fourteen (19%) had low levels of one of the major immunoglobulin classes and 23 (31%) had one or more IgG-subclass deficiencies, i.e. values less than the mean minus 2 standard deviations of a control population sample. Nineteen patients had low IgG3 levels. The group as a whole showed significantly low mean levels of IgG3, 46.9 +/- 19.5 mg/dl compared to 76 +/- 21 mg/dl for the controls, p < 0.0005 (Student's t-test). Since there was no clinical difference between those with and without IgG3 deficiency, there exists the possibility of an underlying immune defect, possibly involving heavy chain switching, in all these patients. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Scadding G K GK Lund V J VJ Darby Y C YC Navas-Romero J J Seymour N N Turner M W MW eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunoglobulin G IM Adult Chronic Disease Female Humans IgG Deficiency diagnosis Immunoglobulin G blood Male Reference Values Rhinitis immunology Sinusitis immunology Skin Tests 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029618 8029617 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Incidence and surgery of concha bullosa in chronic rhinosinusitis. 11-4 Both diagnostic and therapeutical approaches of chronic non-allergic rhinosinusitis have been considerably modified by recently developed endoscopic and radiological means of investigation. Abnormalities of the ostiomeatal complex, such as hypertrophy and pneumatization of the middle turbinate (concha bullosa), seem to be associated with recurrent infections and inflammation of both turbinoseptal and adjacent sinuses mucosa. In 151 patients suffering from chronic non-allergic rhinosinusitis, the CT scan of the rhinosinusal area confirmed the presence of a middle concha bullosa and a mucoperiostal thickening of the adjacent sinusal cavities in 35% of the cases. The surgical treatment included the resection of the anterior third of the pneumatized middle turbinate with concomitant opening of the ethmoidal bulla. This procedure was performed under local anaesthesia and endoscopic control. A marked and long-lasting improvement of the symptoms was obtained in 80% of the patients (p < 0.001). Biochemical analysis of nasal mucosa biopsies in chronic non-allergic rhinosinusitis patients revealed a higher amount of neuropeptides of sensory nerve origin than in controls (p < 0.05). The influence of sensory neuropeptide mechanisms involved in the vicious circle of chronic non-allergic rhinosinusitis is discussed. Laboratory of Experimental Rhinology, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, University Cantonal Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Pochon N N Lacroix J S JS eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 83652-28-2 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide IM Adult Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide analysis Chronic Disease Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Male Nasal Mucosa chemistry Rhinitis epidemiology pathology surgery Sinusitis epidemiology pathology surgery Time Factors Turbinates pathology surgery 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029617 8029616 1994 08 08 1994 08 08 2005 11 16

0300-0729 32 1 1994 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Medical treatment of nasal polyps. 1-4 Polyps are a multifactorial disease that affect the nasal lining and sinus mucosa, and in about one-third of the patients are associated with asthma. Polyps may occur in other respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and immune deficiencies. Allergy does not predispose to polyp formation, although mast cell reactions appear to be important. This explains why corticosteroids are effective in controlling some cases and helping to prevent recurrence in some others. Polyp formation in the sinuses is due to three factors: (1) the balance between the inflammatory response and the local homoeostatic mechanisms; (2) the relatively poor blood supply of the sinuses; and (3) the complex anatomy of the ethmoids and middle meatus which aggravates the existing oedema. Half the cases resolve on inhaled corticosteroids. Surgery should be tailored to the patient's needs, but on principle the simplest, least invasive operation should be tried first. If the patients are still symptomatic or recurrence is a problem, surgery may be followed by corticosteroids. If inhaled corticosteroids do not control the symptoms, then oral therapy may be required. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Drake-Lee A B AB eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids IM Adult Asthma complications Child Combined Modality Therapy Female Glucocorticoids administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Male Nasal Polyps complications therapy Postoperative Care Preoperative Care Respiratory Hypersensitivity complications 21 1994 3 1 1994 3 1 0 1 1994 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8029616 7939152 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2005 11 17

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Button battery as a foreign body in the nasal cavities. Special aspects. 98-100 Alkaline batteries as foreign bodies in the nasal cavities are dangerous because they can cause liquefaction necrosis with subsequent severe local tissue destruction. Batteries found in the nasal cavities should be removed immediately to prevent sequelae such as septal perforations or nasal meatus stenosis. Due to the common use of these batteries (e.g. watches, electronic toys and games, calculators) physicians and the general public should be more aware of this type of foreign body and the peculiarities in their management. We present five cases of button battery foreign bodies in the nasal cavities and review 12 cases described in the literature and discuss the special aspects of these foreign bodies. Department of Otolaryngology, Campinas University, UNICAMP-SP, Brasil. Gomes C C CC Sakano E E Lucchezi M C MC Porto P R PR eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Burns, Chemical etiology Child, Preschool Electric Power Supplies Female Foreign Bodies complications etiology therapy Humans Male Nasal Cavity 5 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939152 7939151 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Wegener's granulomatosis: case report and review of the literature. 92-7 The clinical manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) may be varied and easily overlooked. Awareness of distinguishing signs and symptoms allows early recognition and appropriate management. The body of literature dealing with the various facets of this disorder has grown in the past few years. Development of new diagnostic markers and successful therapies has rekindled interest in this disease. To assure early diagnosis and optimal prognosis the physician must maintain a high index of suspicion for WG. Although introduction of immunosuppressive therapy has dramatically improved the course of this disorder, treatment-related morbidity is often profound. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey. Ataman M M Sarioglu T T Shahidi H H Gürsel B B eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic 0 Autoantibodies 0 Biological Markers 50-18-0 Cyclophosphamide 53-03-2 Prednisone 8064-90-2 Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination IM Adult Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies analysis Biological Markers analysis Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use Diagnosis, Differential Drug Therapy, Combination Humans Male Prednisone therapeutic use Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination therapeutic use Wegener Granulomatosis diagnosis drug therapy 34 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939151 7939150 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Time relation between allergen-induced changes in nasal responsiveness and eosinophil granulocytes. 90-1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Klementsson H H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride IM Eosinophils immunology Humans Methacholine Chloride diagnostic use Nasal Mucosa immunology Nasal Provocation Tests Pollen Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis Time Factors 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939150 7939149 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2007 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Increased nasal breathing decreases snoring and improves oxygen saturation during sleep apnoea. 87-9 For many years ENT-specialists have performed surgery to create a good air passage in patients with different kinds of nasal deformities. When having a blocked nose one realizes the importance of being able to breathe through the nose. By moving the nasal wings aside with the fingers, or the medical device Nozovent, most people experience that it is easier to breathe through the nose than ever before, which can also be shown with rhinomanometry. When it is easier to inhale there is less energy in the air passing the palate which means less risk for vibrations creating snoring sounds. In different studies it has been possible to show that snoring can be decreased or prevented when the nasal dilator Nozovent is used. It has also been shown to result in a decrease of the sleep apnoea index and improvement of arterial oxygen saturation during sleep apnoea. ENT Department, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Petruson B B eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Clinical Trials as Topic Dilatation instrumentation Female Humans Male Nasal Cavity Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Sleep Apnea Syndromes therapy Snoring prevention & control 11 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939149 7939148 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Does nasal septal deviation influence adult posterior choanal size? 84-6 Despite the development of modern imaging techniques, no study has been carried out to establish the normal size (particularly the area) of the adult posterior choanae. In this study we present our findings of the normal anatomical sizes of the adult posterior choanae and its relationship to septal deviation, by analysing MRI images of 70 patients. Coronal sections through the sphenoid rostrum and axial sections through the nasal septum were used. There were 32 males and 38 female patients. The age ranged between 18 and 73 years (mean 35.6). Our results show that the posterior choanal dimensions were as follows: right area: 1.35-6.1 cm2 (mean 2.7 cm2); left area: 1.4-5.9 cm2 (mean 2.7 cm2); right width: 0.9-2.1 cm (mean 1.5 cm); left width: 0.9-2.2 cm (mean 1.5 cm); right height: 2.5-4.0 cm (mean 2.6 cm); and left height: 1.5-4.0 cm (mean 2.5 cm). Chi-square analysis showed no statistically significant differences between left- and right-sided measurements. Twenty-three patients had a deviated septum towards the left side, 22 patients towards the right side, and 25 patients had no septal deviation. Chi-square analysis showed no statistical correlation between deviation of the nasal septum and any of the three dimensions of the posterior choanae studied. Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Violaris N S NS Patel K K Chavda S S Pahor A L AL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Maxillofacial Development physiology Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology growth & development Nasal Septum abnormalities Nasopharynx anatomy & histology growth & development 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939148 7939147 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Orbital wall fractures. Conventional views and CT. 81-3 In order to evaluate the benefit derived by conventional views in the initial diagnosis of fractures of the orbital walls, a clinical study was designed to compare the results of evaluations by plain films and coronal CT scans. The conventional Caldwell's and Waters' views will provide a fairly reliable result as to the presence of orbital fractures: orbital floor (anterior in 78%, posterior in 73%), medial orbital wall (anterior in 71%, posterior in 72%), and ethmoid-maxillary plate in 64%. False-negative diagnosis was seen at the anterior portion of the floor in 13%, at the anterior portion of the medial orbital wall in 7%, and at the ethmoid-maxillary plate in 11%. False-negative diagnosis was seen at the orbital floor (anterior in 9%, posterior in 10%), at the medial orbital wall (anterior in 21%, posterior in 29%), and at the ethmoid-maxillary plate in 21%. Our results agree well with those of the past reports. Department of Otolaryngology, Saitama Medical College, Japan. Iinuma T T Hirota Y Y Ishio K K eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult False Negative Reactions False Positive Reactions Female Humans Male Orbital Fractures radiography Radiography methods Tomography, X-Ray Computed Zygomatic Fractures radiography 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939147 7939146 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A new administration form of the nasal decongestant oxymetazoline: a study on the change of ostial patency in healthy individuals. 78-80 A new administration form of the nasal decongestant oxymetazoline and the effect on patency of the maxillary ostium was investigated in five healthy volunteers. Registration and comparison of the equivalent diameter after administration of placebo spray and oxymetazoline spray, placebo solution and oxymetazoline solution were performed. It is our impression that administration of solution with the new spring-bellows container compared to spray oxymetazoline, is a more effective way of increasing the equivalent diameter of the maxillary ostium. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden. Jannert M M Fryksmark U U Ackerhans M M Nilson K K eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline IM Administration, Inhalation Aerosols Cross-Over Studies Equipment Design Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus drug effects physiology Nebulizers and Vaporizers Oxymetazoline administration & dosage pharmacology 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939146 7939145 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Influence of degradable starch microspheres on the human nasal mucosa. 74-7 The effect of the nasal administration of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) on the mucociliary system and the geometry of the nasal cavities were evaluated in 15 healthy volunteers. The baseline values for mucociliary clearance of the right nasal cavity were determined on two separate days for each subject using the saccharin-dyes test. Acoustic rhinometry was performed before and during the saccharin-dyes test. The patients then started the treatment period and inhaled 10 mg of DSM intranasally once daily in each nostril for 8 days. The saccharin-dyes test was performed 5 min after the deposition of the DSM on day 1 and day 8. The geometry of the nasal cavities was determined before, 7 min after deposition, and after the end of the saccharin test. Both tests were also performed two days after the end of the treatment period. Each subject was examined by means of rhinoscopy on every visit during the investigation. No changes in mucociliary clearance or in the geometry of the nasal cavities were found after repeated administration of starch microspheres. Thus, intranasally-administered degradable starch microspheres did not have an adverse effect on human nasal mucociliary clearance, and the DSM did not cause any congestion or decongestion of the mucosa. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lundby GLF Hospitals, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Holmberg K K Björk E E Bake B B Edman P P eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Drug Carriers 9005-25-8 Starch IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Drug Carriers administration & dosage pharmacology Female Humans Male Microspheres Mucociliary Clearance drug effects physiology Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Starch administration & dosage pharmacology 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939145 7939144 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2007 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Non-contact applications of Nd:YAG laser in nasal surgery. 71-3 Since its introduction into clinical medicine in 1976 the Nd:YAG laser has found its use also in nasal surgery. One hundred and twenty-two patients with different lesions of the nasal mucosa and skin (septal angiectasies, benign and malignant tumors, port wine stains, verrucas, etcetera) were treated with Nd:YAG laser. We employed the non-contact technique using focussing handpiece of the coagulation Nd:YAG laser MediLas 2 from MBB Company with an output power of 100 W. all patients were treated on an out-patient basis. Depending on the size, quality and site of the lesion different power and exposure time of laser application is used. The results show very good functional and cosmetic effect in 95% of cases. The ideal power and exposure settings for every type of lesions in the nasal region are discussed. Dobrovic M M Hosch H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Ambulatory Surgical Procedures Female Humans Laser Therapy Male Nasal Mucosa surgery Nose Diseases surgery Skin Diseases surgery Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic surgery 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939144 7939143 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2010 11 18

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Antral washout with nasal polypectomy: should both be combined? 68-70 Two hundred and sixteen patients with nasal polyps were studied. All patients had antral washouts performed at the same time as nasal polypectomy. Two hundred and sixty aspirates were sent for culture and microscopy; bacteria were cultured from 58 of these specimens in 38 patients. One hundred and one patients had pre-operative sinus radiographs of which 94 were reported as abnormal with a 52% false-positive result. It is concluded that antral washouts should be routine in all patients having nasal polypectomy. Sinus radiographs are an unnecessary pre-operative investigation in patients with uncomplicated nasal polyps. Sandwell District General Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Shehab Z Z Dowell M M Pahor A L AL eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus microbiology radiography Maxillary Sinusitis complications diagnosis microbiology Middle Aged Nasal Lavage Fluid microbiology Nasal Polyps complications surgery Therapeutic Irrigation 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939143 7939142 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Sinusitis in allergic patients. 65-7 Allergy is one of the aetiologic factors in the pathogenesis of sinusitis. To determine its influence on the occurrence of sinusitis the authors studied CT-scans of the sinuses in 59 allergic children and 62 allergic adults. Sinusitis was found in 36 children (61%) and 36 adults (58%). These results were compared with two previous studies consisting of mainly non-allergic children (n = 196) and mainly non-allergic adults (n = 350). Except for allergy, identical inclusion and evaluation criteria were used. In the previous studies, sinusitis was found in 125 children (64%) and 201 adults (57.5%). According to these results it seems that the prevalence and the extent of sinus mucosa involvement is not determined by aetiology (allergic or non-allergic). Age seems to be of major importance regarding the extent of sinus disease. ENT Department, University Hospital, Free University, Brussels, Belgium. Iwens P P Clement P A PA eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Age Factors Child Female Humans Hypersensitivity complications Male Prevalence Sinusitis epidemiology etiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939142 7939141 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology En bloc removal of the ethmoid and ostiomeatal complex in cadavers, with a practical application. 62-4 Two different approaches, i.e. the anterior approach and the combined approach, for en bloc removal of the ethmoidal and ostiomeatal complex are described. In both techniques the contours of the face are completely maintained. Preliminary studies of prevalence of nasal polyps found by using these methods are described. ENT Department, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Larsen P L PL Tos M M Baer S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Autopsy Cadaver Ethmoid Bone surgery Humans Nasal Cavity surgery Nasal Polyps epidemiology pathology Nasal Septum surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Prevalence 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939141 7939140 1994 11 23 1994 11 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 2 1994 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A new clinical olfactory test to quantify olfactory deficiencies. 57-61 We have recently developed a computer-assisted olfactory test to measure detection thresholds for five pure odorants. The reference group consisted of 30 subjects without olfactory complaints. Statistical analysis was carried out to identify a statistical criterion for determining olfactory deficiencies. This criterion was applied to 54 subjects suspected to have an olfactory deficiency, either on the basis of their subjective complaints or on clinical examinations (e.g. scanner radiography, endoscopic investigations, rhinomanometric measurements). Nine aetiological groups were screened: trauma, nasal polyposis, nasal obstruction, allergic rhinitis, post-influenza, post-anaesthesia, endocrine dysfunction, hereditary hyposmia, and subjective olfactory loss without a clear aetiology. In each group, this method allowed us to discriminate between deficient and non-deficient patients, and the olfactory deficit could be quantified. This rapid procedure was well-accepted by all subjects and gave reproducible quantitative results. It can provide useful information about the relationship between olfactory acuity and a given aetiologic category. ENT Clinic, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France. Eloit C C Trotier D D eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Odors Olfaction Disorders diagnosis etiology Reproducibility of Results Sensory Thresholds physiology Smell physiology 1994 6 1 1994 6 1 0 1 1994 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7939140 7701231 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Pleomorphic adenoma of the septum. 211-2 Pleomorphic adenoma, the most frequently seen tumour of the salivary glands, is extremely rare in the septum. In this publication a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum is presented. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. Ataman M M Sennaroglu L L Gedikoglu G G Ayas K K eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoma, Pleomorphic pathology surgery Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Septum pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology surgery 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701231 7701230 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic approach of the pterygopalatine fossa: report of one case. 208-10 We report one case of schwannoma of the pterygopalatine fossa. The pre-operative management and post-operative follow-up are presented. For this uncommon localization, we propose an endoscopic approach via the nasal fossa and the maxillary sinus. The advantages and limitations of this technique are discussed. Klossek J M JM Ferrie J C JC Goujon J M JM Fontanel J P JP eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy methods Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Middle Aged Neurilemmoma diagnosis surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701230 7701229 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2005 11 16

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Adjuvant itraconazole in the treatment of destructive sphenoid aspergillosis. 203-7 Paranasal aspergillosis is a potentially progressive continuum of disease, classically described as having four forms: allergic, non-invasive, invasive, and fulminant. The first two have been considered together as extramucosal disease whilst the latter two are both variants of tissue-invasive disease. Sphenoid aspergillosis, given its anatomical location is a more aggressive disease than that found affecting the other paranasal sinuses, even when non-invasive, and may be fatal. This is compounded by the fact that diagnosis is difficult and so may be made late when aspergillosis is consequently more advanced. Intracranial extension may occur via the direct spread of invasive disease or along communicating veins despite intact sinus walls and lack of fungal mucosal penetration. Once this occurs mortality is high. We have successfully treated three cases of destructive sphenoid aspergillosis, two of which had intracranial extension, with surgery and adjuvant anti-fungal chemotherapy including itraconazole. We recommend the use of post-operative itraconazole in all cases of sphenoid sinus aspergillosis. Additionally, when there is evidence of spread to the brain or other adjacent structures we would advocate an initial course of intravenous amphotericin B followed by long-term oral itraconazole. Department of Otolaryngology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Rowe-Jones J M JM Freedman A R AR eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 1397-89-3 Amphotericin B 2022-85-7 Flucytosine 84625-61-6 Itraconazole IM Adult Aged Amphotericin B therapeutic use Aspergillosis drug therapy surgery Aspergillus flavus isolation & purification Aspergillus fumigatus isolation & purification Combined Modality Therapy Drug Therapy, Combination Female Flucytosine therapeutic use Humans Itraconazole therapeutic use Male Paranasal Sinus Diseases drug therapy microbiology surgery Sphenoid Sinus 37 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701229 7701228 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2011 11 17

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Occupational rhinitis and asthma to latex. 198-202 Occupational allergic rhinitis to proteins is increasing in importance. Two cases of latex-induced rhinitis are reported in a nurse's aid and a laboratory technician. A crossed food allergy is quoted. Positive prick-tests and specific IgE to latex have been demonstrated in both cases. A double-blind nasal challenge test has been performed with the rinse fluid from a brand of latex gloves. Clinical manifestations with endoscopic modifications of the nasal mucosa have been observed. A rise in nasal secretory eosinophilia has been demonstrated. The authors wish to draw attention to this new aetiology of occupational rhinitis insofar as it precedes the onset of work-related asthma as shown in one case. The eviction of wearing gloves is not sufficient as latex allergens are airborne. The eviction of ordinary latex gloves must be extended to all other workers in the same place and the use of powder-free gloves is advisable. Department of Medicine D, C.H.U. de Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. Moneret-Vautrin D A DA Debra J C JC Kohler C C Stringini R R Kanny G G Guillaumot A A Buthmann D D eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 9006-04-6 Rubber IM Adult Asthma diagnosis etiology immunology Female Food Hypersensitivity immunology Gloves, Protective Humans Medical Laboratory Personnel Nasal Provocation Tests Nurses' Aides Occupational Diseases diagnosis etiology immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis etiology immunology Rubber adverse effects 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701228 7701227 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airway resistance and complications following functional septoplasty: a ten-year follow-up study. 195-7 Functional septoplasty was performed upon 63 patients to relief nasal obstruction due to septal deviation. The effect of the operation on pre-operative nasal airway resistance was assessed by anterior rhinomanometry at three months (63 patients) and 10 years (35 patients), post-operatively. The operation reduced nasal airway resistance in both the short-term (three months) and long-term (10 years) groups. At the late follow-up, inadequate results were found in six out of 37 patients examined. Two patients had septal perforations. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. Bohlin L L Dahlqvist A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance physiology Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Obstruction etiology surgery Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Postoperative Complications epidemiology Time Factors 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701227 7701226 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Localized aerosol hyperthermia in patients with nasal allergy. 191-4 A double-blind study was performed to evaluate the efficacy, the safety and the usefulness of localized aerosol hyperthermia (LAH) in 57 patients with nasal allergy. We used two localized aerosol hyperthermia devices, the equipment (AH) with an insufflated aerosol of 43 degrees C and a placebo device (PH) with aerosol of 32 degrees C. In the evaluation of clinical efficacy, efficacy rates were 46.4% in AH and 3.7% in PH during 2 weeks, respectively, and 53.3% in AH and 7.7% in PH during 4 weeks, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the two treatment groups. The usefulness rates were 63.3% in AH and 7.4% in PH for patients with nasal allergy, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). No patients dropped out of the study due to adverse effects. These results suggest that the LAH is a very useful instrument for the treatment of nasal allergy. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan. Furuta S S Ohyama M M Sakakura Y Y Harada Y Y Furuichi I I Baba K K Baba S S Mogi G G eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols IM Aerosols Double-Blind Method Humans Hyperthermia, Induced methods Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial therapy Time Factors 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701226 7701225 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A-mode diagnostic ultrasound of maxillary sinuses: possibilities and limitations. 179-83 The diagnostic possibilities and limitations of A-mode ultrasound of maxillary sinus diseases are presented. A group of 219 subjects suffering from various sinus diseases was examined. All cases were analyzed in parallel by means of X-rays, sinoscopy and ultrasonography. The investigated group was divided into seven subgroups, according to clinical entity (polypoid degeneration, polyps, cysts, et cetera). The comparison of the three techniques was made for each clinical entity. Some divergent findings that can be reached by these techniques were explained from the clinical point of view as well. The ultrasound A-mode technique plays a complementary role in the diagnostic process of maxillary sinus diseases. The main advantages of ultrasound technique are its harmlessness and non-invasivity. ENT Department, University Hospital Salata, Zagreb, Croatia. Mladina R R Risavi R R Branica S S Heinzel B B eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Humans Maxillary Sinus pathology radiography ultrasonography Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis ultrasonography 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701225 7701224 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Capsaicin de-sensitization of the human nasal mucosa reduces pain and vascular effects of lactic acid and hypertonic saline. 173-8 The present study was initiated to investigate the effects of hypertonic saline (15%) or low pH (1 M lactic acid, pH 2) applied to the human nasal mucosa. Patients suffering from birch-pollen allergy, which had been de-sensitized with capsaicin, were compared to non-treated, healthy controls. Five patients were pre-treated with an intranasal, unilateral application of 30 microM capsaicin for 15 min during three consecutive days. Six weeks later we applied 50 microliters of hypertonic saline (15%) to the inferior turbinate on the capsaicin-pre-treated side of the patients as well as to the controls. Symptom score, using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity were measured bilaterally using acoustic rhinometry at different intervals. The same procedure was repeated one week later with lactic acid. Provocation with lactic acid and hypertonic saline caused a significantly higher symptom score in controls as compared to capsaicin-pre-treated patients. Furthermore, application of lactic acid caused a significant reduction in cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity suggesting vasodilatation in controls compared to capsaicin-pre-treated patients. The reactions to hypertonic saline were generally lower but the differences in symptom score between capsaicin-pre-treated and non-treated persons remained. The results implies that capsaicin-sensitive afferents are involved in low pH- and hypertonicity-mediated reactions in the human nasal mucosa. Furthermore, local capsaicin de-sensitization causes a very long-lasting loss of sensory reactivity to these agents. Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Rinder J J Stjärne P P Lundberg J M JM eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Lactates 0 Saline Solution, Hypertonic 404-86-4 Capsaicin 50-21-5 Lactic Acid IM Adult Allergens adverse effects Capsaicin therapeutic use Desensitization, Immunologic methods Female Humans Lactates pharmacology Lactic Acid Male Nasal Mucosa drug effects innervation Pain Measurement Pollen Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology therapy Saline Solution, Hypertonic pharmacology 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701224 7701223 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2004 11 17

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Follow-up of patients with inverted papilloma of the nasal cavities: computer tomography, video-endoscopy, acoustic rhinometry? 167-72 Seventeen patients were operated suffering from unilateral inverted papilloma of the nasal cavities, in one male associated with malignancy. We investigated these patients pre- and post-operatively by clinical examination, video-endoscopy, acoustic rhinometry, and computed tomography (CT). The aim was to find out which technique delivers reliable information about tumour recurrence in follow-up. By these controls three recurrences could be detected in a period of two-years' follow-up. Our results showed that the combination of CT, video-endoscopy and histological examination of biopsies is reliable to detect recurrence of inverted papilloma. To study the possibilities of detecting tumour recurrence by means of acoustic rhinometry, investigations on models of nasal cavities with various shape, size and location of tumour masses were undertaken. A comparison between the results of the model study and the acoustic rhinometric measurements in patients showed that growth of tumour masses can be detected by this method in an early phase under constant conditions such as nasal models. In patients, however, it is not easy to evaluate the absolute size and site of the growing tumour masses, because there are several factors which lead to false-positive interpretations, such as localized inflammations of the mucosa, crusting and nasal secretion and especially the movements of the soft palate. We conclude from our results that acoustic rhinometry does not deliver more information than obtained by video-endoscopy and CT to detect tumour recurrence in the nasal cavity. ENT Department, University of Ulm, Germany. Lenders H H Pentz S S Brunner M M Pirsig W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Adult Aged Endoscopy methods Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Models, Structural Nasal Cavity Neoplasm Recurrence, Local diagnosis Nose Neoplasms diagnosis surgery Papilloma, Inverted diagnosis surgery Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed Videotape Recording 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701223 7701222 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic versus Caldwell-Luc approach in chronic maxillary sinusitis: comparison of symptoms at one-year follow-up. 161-5 The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with the standard Caldwell-Luc (C-L) procedure in relieving the symptoms of chronic maxillary sinusitis. One hundred and fifty consecutive adult patients were operated after the failure of treatment with antimicrobials and repeated antral irrigations: 143 patients were available for the follow-up examination, at a median of 12 months after the operation. The patients' global evaluation showed marked improvement in 50.7% of the C-L group and in 76.7% of the FESS group. Overall subjective symptoms deteriorated in 5.5% of C-L operated patients, but not at all in the FESS group. Patients' compliance, asked post-operatively, was 80.2% in C-L patients and 93.0% in FESS patients. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland. Penttilä M A MA Rautiainen M E ME Pukander J S JS Karma P H PH eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Endoscopy Follow-Up Studies Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Maxillary Sinusitis surgery Middle Aged Patient Satisfaction Postoperative Complications epidemiology Prospective Studies Time Factors 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7701222 7535471 1995 05 04 1995 05 04 2006 11 15

0300-0729 32 4 1994 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Allergen-induced changes of B-cell phenotypes in patients with allergic rhinitis. 184-90 We investigated sub-populations of B-lymphocytes in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood of 17 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (birch pollen) and 10 controls. The study included provocation with allergen during the non-pollen season, during which no participant used medication. Samples were also taken during the pollen season. Subsets of B-cells as expressed by different CD antigens were investigated by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections and by flow cytometry of peripheral blood. Nasal CD23+ B-cells decreased in allergic patients during provocation, indicating that mature virgin CD23+ B-cells switch into a memory B-cell phenotype with loss of CD23 expression. This indicates differentiation towards cells that can represent a local source for IgE synthesis. No decrease was observed during the pollen season when the patients used medication. Serum IgE was significantly higher in allergic patients on all occasions. The observed up-regulation of CD40 expression on peripheral blood B-cells in allergic patients during the pollen season clearly indicate B-cell activation. Furthermore, a relative increase of CD19+ B-cells was observed in peripheral blood during provocation. Upregulation (by IL-4) of CD40 on B-cells which then may be stimulated by gp39 (CD40 ligand) can constitute an early and important event in the IgE-mediated allergic reaction. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden. Davidsson A A Karlsson M G MG Hellquist H B HB eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Antigens, CD 0 Antigens, CD19 0 Antigens, CD40 0 Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte 0 Receptors, IgE 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adult Allergens adverse effects Antigens, CD analysis Antigens, CD19 Antigens, CD40 Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte analysis B-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology Biopsy Bronchial Provocation Tests Female Humans Immunoglobulin E biosynthesis Immunophenotyping Lymphocyte Activation Male Nasal Mucosa pathology Pollen Receptors, IgE analysis Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology Up-Regulation 1994 12 1 1994 12 1 0 1 1994 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7535471 8256085 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2008 11 21

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Demonstration of bilateral cholinergic secretory response after unilateral nasal cold, dry air challenge. 97-100 Cold, dry air (CDA) causes rhinorrhoea and nasal congestion in some individuals. This response can be mimicked in the laboratory by exposing susceptible individuals to cold, dry air nasal breathing. One of the characteristics of this response is that nasal secretions are produced by both nostrils after a unilateral challenge. This study evaluated the role of cholinergic innervation on the ipsi- and contralateral responses to unilateral CDA challenge. Twelve individuals participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover study where local atropine and placebo were alternated ipsilateral and the contralateral to the CDA challenge. The reproducibility of the model, assessed by the response after pre-treating with placebo, was excellent; after placebo, the ipsilateral response was double the size of the contralateral. Regardless of the site of application, atropine significantly reduced the secretory response to CDA by 60-70%. However, significant secretions were still induced by CDA, even after atropine treatment. We conclude that cholinergically-mediated neuronal pathways play a major role in the nasal secretory response to CDA. Additional neuronal pathways may, however, be involved. This method is a tool to understand the different components of the mucosal response to a cold and dry environment. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University School of Medicine, Central Hospital, Nancy, France. Jankowski R R Philip G G Togias A A Naclerio R R eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-55-8 Atropine IM Adult Atropine administration & dosage pharmacology Cold Temperature Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Female Humans Humidity Male Nasal Mucosa innervation secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Parasympathetic Nervous System physiology 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256085 8256084 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal sinus. A case report. 139-41 A rare case of cholesterol granuloma of the frontal sinus is reported. The pathogenetical mechanisms and the tumour's behaviour are discussed on the basis of the patient's, the radiologic examination and the pathologist's finding's. A follow-up of three years is given. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pisa, Italy. Chiantelli A A Papini M M Ghelardi F F Cagno M C MC eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 57-88-5 Cholesterol IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Cholesterol Female Frontal Sinus Granuloma, Foreign-Body pathology radiography Humans Paranasal Sinus Diseases pathology radiography 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256084 8256083 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology An unusual case of sphenoid sinus mucocele with severe intracranial extension. 135-7 We present an unusual case of sphenoid sinus mucocele with severe intracranial extension, which was diagnosed and treated at the AHEPA General Hospital, University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The patient was a 54-year-old female who presented with endocrine, nasal and ophthalmological symptoms, and headache. She was successfully treated by surgery using an intranasal approach. While presenting this case, we briefly review the literature on the subject of sphenoid sinus mucoceles. University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. Daniilidis J J Nikolaou A A Kondopoulos V V eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Middle Aged Mucocele diagnosis pathology therapy Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis pathology therapy Sella Turcica pathology Sphenoid Sinus 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256083 8256082 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2009 11 19

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A randomized double-blind trial of glypressin in the management of acute epistaxis. 131-4 This is the first randomised double-blind trial of glypressin in the treatment of acute epistaxis, where no localized bleeding point was found and where the patient would normally be treated with a form of nasal packing. It shows a statistically significant benefit with the intravenous drug compared to placebo. In addition, the dose of glypressin used to achieve control appears to be free of major side effects. Acute epistaxis is a common problem, nasal packing is unpleasant and not without side effects, and therefore an alternative form of treatment would have clear advantages. The mechanism of action of glypressin is discussed along with the implications of the results for the future role of glypressin in the treatment of acute epistaxis. Department of ENT Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Vinayak B C BC Birchall M A MA Donovan B B Stafford N D ND eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 14636-12-5 terlipressin 50-57-7 Lypressin IM Acute Disease Adult Aged Double-Blind Method Epistaxis drug therapy Female Humans Injections, Intravenous Lypressin administration & dosage analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Male Middle Aged 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256082 8256081 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Immunocompetent cells in human nasal polyps and normal mucosa. 125-9 The distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes, HLA-DR-expressing cells, and macrophages was determined using monoclonal antibodies in frozen biopsy sections of nasal polyps from 12 patients, and of nasal mucosa from five disease-free controls. The relative proportion and spatial distribution of different lymphoid cells was similar with regards to both nasal polyps and normal mucosa. Numerous scattered T lymphocytes (Leu4-positive) and HLA-DR-expressing macrophage/dendritic-like cells were shown and tended to accumulate in the subepithelial areas. Aggregates of T lymphocytes and HLA-DR-positive cells were also found close to deeper glands. In the submucosal clusters, the Leu3a-positive ("helper/inducer") cells were more common than the Leu2a-positive ("suppressor/cytotoxic") cells. Furthermore, a number of epithelial, non-lymphoid cells were found to express the HLA-DR antigen, which suggests an active role for the epithelium in the immunological response of the normal mucosa as well as that of the nasal polyp. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden. Linder A A Karlsson-Parra A A Hirvelä C C Jonsson L L Köling A A Sjöberg O O eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 HLA-DR Antigens IM Adult Aged Female HLA-DR Antigens analysis Humans Immunohistochemistry Lymphocyte Subsets Macrophages immunology pathology Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa cytology immunology pathology Nasal Polyps immunology pathology 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256081 8256080 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The influence of beta-adrenoceptors on nasal mucosal function. 121-4 The aim of the study was to elucidate the role of beta-adrenoceptors in normal human nasal mucosa. In two studies, beta-receptor function was tested by the application of agonists and antagonists. Measurements of nasal secretion and nasal peak expiratory flow were performed at 4-min intervals, during 12 min of rest, pre- and post-treatment, 12 min of exercise and 20 min of recovery. In Study 1, placebo was compared with 100 micrograms salbutamol and 2 mg propranolol. Neither placebo nor 100 mg salbutamol affected nasal secretion production at rest, but propranolol caused a transient significant increase (p < 0.05). Exercise significantly increased secretion production in all three treatment groups (p < 0.05). Nasal peak expiratory flow was not altered at rest, but increased significantly (p < 0.05) during exercise in the three treatment groups. In Study 2 placebo was compared with 200 mg salbutamol, 80 micrograms isoprenaline and 2 mg atenolol. Secretion production was not altered at rest by any treatment and increased during exercise in all four (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between weights of secretions produced between any of the treatment groups during exercise. Salbutamol significantly decreased nasal peak expiratory flow at rest compared with placebo (p < 0.05). During exercise nasal peak flow increased in all groups, but peak exercise values were significantly reduced by both salbutamol and isoprenaline (p < 0.05). Atenolol appeared to have no effect on nasal peak expiratory flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Eye and Clinic, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Stewart E J EJ Cinnamond M J MJ Nicholls P P Standford C F CF eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Receptors, Adrenergic, beta 18559-94-9 Albuterol 525-66-6 Propranolol 7683-59-2 Isoproterenol IM Adult Albuterol pharmacology Double-Blind Method Female Humans Isoproterenol pharmacology Male Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology secretion Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Propranolol pharmacology Receptors, Adrenergic, beta drug effects physiology 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256080 8256079 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal endoscopy and posterior epistaxis. 119-20 The availability of a comprehensive range of endonasal telescopes facilitates systematic examination of the nasal cavity. Epistaxis is normally divided into anterior and posterior. Posterior epistaxis is diagnosed when anterior rhinoscopy fails to visualize anterior-located bleeding points. With the aid of endonasal endoscopy the exact location of bleeding points can be identified and diathermy applied under direct vision. Twenty-seven cases of the so-called posterior epistaxis were treated successfully by endonasal endoscopy. The technique is particularly useful during acute nose bleeds, it shortens hospital stay, and reduces the discomfort inflicted by the presence of nasal packing. The need for blood transfusion is reduced by using endonasal endoscopy in the acute stage of epistaxis. el-Silimy O O eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Endoscopy Epistaxis diagnosis therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256079 8256078 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology External rhinoplasty. Comparison of two approaches. 113-8 This paper compares two different techniques of external rhinoplasty, in which the lower lateral cartilages are either elevated with the columellar skin (i.e., Gillies-Meyer approach) or left attached to the main body of the nose (i.e., Rethi-Sercer approach). Both techniques give good access and exposure, but we found the Gillies-Meyer approach somewhat easier to perform. It can also be used to provide extended access if difficulty is experienced during a closed rhinoplasty operation. Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom. Farrow J S JS Atkins J J eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Rhinoplasty methods 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256078 8256077 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effect of S-carboxymethylcysteine on ciliary activity in chronic sinusitis. 107-11 This study was designed to investigate the possible pharmacological effect of S-carboxy-methylcysteine (S-CMC) on the ciliary activity, using an in vitro experimental system after removing mucus. Ciliary activity from healthy rabbit maxillary sinus and from healthy human nasal mucosa demonstrated no significant change in RPMI 1640 containing S-CMC. On the other hand, the effect of S-CMC on the reduced ciliary activity from patients with chronic sinusitis was quite varied among the cases examined. S-CMC demonstrated no stimulatory effect on the beating activity of cilia that have a baseline activity of less than 400 beats/min. However, S-CMC was able to enhance the beating activity of cilia that demonstrated a baseline activity of more than 400 beats/min. S-CMC at 0.5% induced a larger ciliostimulatory effect than 0.05% S-CMC. In conclusion, our study has clearly demonstrated that S-CMC could directly enhance ciliary activity of chronic sinusitis in the absence of significant organic change of ciliated cells. Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan. Ohashi Y Y Nakai Y Y Sugiura Y Y Ohno Y Y Okamoto H H Hayashi M M eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 2387-59-9 Carbocysteine IM Animals Carbocysteine pharmacology Chronic Disease Cilia drug effects physiology Humans Maxillary Sinus drug effects physiopathology Maxillary Sinusitis physiopathology Nasal Mucosa physiology Rabbits 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256077 8256076 1994 01 11 1994 01 11 2003 11 14

0300-0729 31 3 1993 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effect of ostial opening on experimental maxillary sinusitis in rabbits. 101-5 Obstruction of the natural ostium is known to be one of the major factors in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis. To explore the therapeutic effect of ostial patency, sinusitis was induced in 32 rabbits by obstruction of the natural ostium and inocculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. They were divided into two groups: the first ("open") group included 16 rabbits with experimentally induced sinusitis, from which bone chips for obstruction of the natural ostium were removed after a period of 5 days, and the second ("closed") group included 16 rabbits with continuous obstruction of the natural ostium. The induction of sinusitis was found to be successful in all cases, when examined after five days. The amount of nasal and sinus secretion as well as histopathological findings of the sinus mucosa were investigated with light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, two and four weeks after induction of sinusitis. The findings were significantly improved in the "open" group. Department of ORL, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea. Min Y G YG Lee Y M YM Lee B J BJ Jung H W HW Chang S O SO eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Maxillary Sinus surgery ultrastructure Maxillary Sinusitis pathology physiopathology surgery Mucous Membrane ultrastructure Rabbits 1993 9 1 1993 9 1 0 1 1993 9 1 0 0 ppublish 8256076 11652809 1995 04 20 1995 04 20 2004 11 18

0300-0729 69 9 1993 Oct Rhinology Rhinology Constraints on the moral agency of nurses. 23-6 Rodney Patricia P Starzomski Rosalie R eng Journal Article

United States Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 E Education Empathy Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Clinical Ethics, Nursing Freedom Humans Interdisciplinary Communication Interprofessional Relations Moral Development Morals Nurses Patient Care Team Personal Autonomy Social Values Stress, Psychological 45891 Bioethics and Professional Ethics References available from authors upon request. KIE BoB Subject Heading: nursing ethics 1993 10 1 0 0 2001 11 2 10 1 1993 10 1 0 0 ppublish 11652809 8321983 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal distribution of budesonide inhaled via a powder inhaler. 7-10 The distribution pattern of budesonide in the nasal passages and lungs was investigated in 10 healthy subjects after nasal inhalation. The subjects inhaled drug powder, radiolabelled with 99mTc, at maximum flow rate (46.3 +/- 6.8 l/min) and at 29.9 +/- 2.5 l/min via Turbuhaler. At both flows, the majority of the dose was deposited in the anterior part of the nasal cavity on a single, rather localized area, but some particles also penetrated more posteriorly into the main nasal passages and to the lungs. At maximum flow rate the nasal deposition was 65.2% (range 39.5-84.1%) and the lung deposition 4.7% (range 1.4-9.3%) of the metered dose, and at 30 l/min, the nasal deposition was 67.6% (range 49.7-81.6%) and the lung deposition was 4.2% (range 1.7-7.9%). A large fraction of the metered dose was deposited in the nasal adaptor of the inhaler during the administration (mean values 29 and 28%, for the two inhalation flows). Of the dose actually reaching the subject, 91 and 93% (mean values) was deposited in the nose. There were no statistically significant differences in distribution pattern between the two inhalation flows. Astra Draco AB, Lund, Sweden. Thorsson L L Newman S P SP Weisz A A Trofast E E Morén F F eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Powders 0 Pregnenediones 0 Radioactive Tracers 51333-22-3 Budesonide 7440-26-8 Technetium IM Administration, Inhalation Adult Aerosols Budesonide Female Humans Lung metabolism Male Nasal Cavity metabolism Powders Pregnenediones administration & dosage pharmacokinetics Radioactive Tracers Technetium Tissue Distribution 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8321983 8321982 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Oncocytoma of the nasopharynx. 41-3 The case of a patient with a nasopharyngeal oncocytoma is described. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of oncocytoma are reviewed in light of the present literature. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Albers F W FW Cuvelier C A CA Renders M T MT van Cauwenberge P B PB eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoma diagnosis surgery Aged Humans Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms diagnosis surgery 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8321982 8321981 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2007 11 15

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of carbon dioxide laser and electrosurgery in the treatment of rhinophyma. 37-9 Cosmetic results of rhinophymas treated with carbon dioxide laser or electrosurgery were compared in six patients 2-5 years after surgery. Although the results were comparably good the use of the carbon dioxide laser proved to be more time-consuming and less convenient. Scar formation was observed in both patient groups equally and was related to the depth of tissue removal, independent of the instrument used. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. Gjuric M M Rettinger G G eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 124-38-9 Carbon Dioxide IM Aged Carbon Dioxide Electrocoagulation Humans Laser Therapy Male Middle Aged Postoperative Complications Rhinophyma surgery Time Factors 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8321981 8321980 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2010 11 18

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The prolongation of drug action in the treatment of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. 33-5 In order to prolong drug contact with the mucous membrane, and thus therapeutic action, cellulose polymers have been used. These polymers exert no toxic action on liver function. The release of the drug from the polymer depends on the degree of polymer viscosity. The use of drug-containing polymers in the treatment of nasal diseases and paranasal sinusitis is highly effective. Medical Institute, Kursk, GOS, Moscow, Russia. Piskunov S S Piskunov G G Razinkov S S Lazarev A A Erofeeva L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dosage Forms 0 Solutions 58-73-1 Diphenhydramine 9004-32-4 Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium 9004-67-5 Methylcellulose IM Animals Biological Availability Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Diphenhydramine pharmacokinetics pharmacology therapeutic use Dosage Forms Instillation, Drug Liver drug effects enzymology Male Methylcellulose analogs & derivatives Nose Diseases drug therapy Paranasal Sinus Diseases drug therapy Rabbits Ranidae Rats Solutions Time Factors 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8321980 8321979 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2011 11 17

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of allergen-specific IgE antibodies by MAST for the diagnosis of nasal allergy. 27-31 Multiple-antigen simultaneous test (MAST) is a new system for detecting allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Multiple antigens can be examined simultaneously in a short period of time by this method. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of this method and to compare the results of MAST with those of RAST and intradermal skin test using 133 serum samples obtained from patients with nasal allergy. The positive rates of the main allergens detected by the MAST system are 56% for Japanese cedar, 31 for Dermatophagoides farinae (DF), 30% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), 27% for house dust (HD), and 27% for timothy grass. The positive rates of food allergens are very low. An average of 3.5 different allergens can be simultaneously detected in one serum. We have compared MAST and RAST with respect to nine allergens: HD, DF, cat, Japanese cedar, timothy, bahia, sweet vernal, velvet, and ragweed. There are statistically significant correlations between MAST and RAST for all allergens except ragweed, the correlation coefficients in the eight allergens are greater than r = 0.60, and total agreements exceed over 70%. Similarly, there also is a good correlation between MAST and skin test for the allergens: HD, cat, Japanese cedar, timothy grass, and ragweed. These results indicate the clinical usefulness of the MAST system for detecting specific IgE antibodies in patients with nasal allergy. Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan. Ogino S S Bessho K K Harada T T Irifune M M Matsunaga T T eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adolescent Adult Allergens diagnostic use Child Female Humans Immunoglobulin E blood Luminescent Measurements Male Middle Aged Nose Diseases blood diagnosis immunology Radioallergosorbent Test Respiratory Hypersensitivity blood diagnosis immunology Skin Tests 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8321979 8321978 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A test for objective diagnosis of nasal hyperreactivity. 23-5 The aim of this study was to develop a method for the objective diagnosis of nasal hyperreactivity. The method should be standardized and simple enough to be used in clinical practice. In the study nasal challenge test with histamine was performed. Ten healthy volunteers and ten patients with a history of nasal hyperreactivity entered the trial. Recordings of nasal mucosa congestion were made with rhinostereometry. The results indicate that this method can indeed be used for the objective diagnosis of nasal hyperreactivity. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Hallén H H Juto J E JE eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adult Female Histamine diagnostic use pharmacology Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8321978 8321977 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The effect of noradrenaline on mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus. 17-21 The effect of noradrenaline (NA) on mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus was investigated in vivo by injecting it at increasing dosages (10(-11) to 10(-4) mol/kg) into the maxillary artery, the mucociliary response being recorded photoelectrically. NA increased mucociliary activity at a dosage of 10(-5) mol/kg, the maximal increase being 16.1 +/- 2.6%. The NA-induced stimulation of mucociliary activity had a latency of 20 s, and the activity returned to base-line level within 3 min. Pretreatment with the alpha-antagonist phentolamine (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg) or the cholinergic antagonist atropine (1 mg/kg) did not alter mucociliary response to NA. Blockade with the beta-antagonist propranolol did not significantly reduce the maximal response to NA, which was 16.1 +/- 2.6% before and 11.1 +/- 3.0% after pretreatment with propranolol (n = 7; p = 0.2). In contrast, pretreatment with the prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor indomethacin reduced the response from 12.9 +/- 2.9% to 6.3 +/- 1.3% (n = 6; p < 0.05), suggesting that at high dosages NA stimulates mucociliary activity via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Cervin A A Lindberg S S Mercke U U eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-60-2 Phentolamine 51-41-2 Norepinephrine 51-55-8 Atropine 525-66-6 Propranolol 53-86-1 Indomethacin IM Animals Atropine pharmacology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Indomethacin pharmacology Injections, Intra-Arterial Male Maxillary Sinus drug effects metabolism Mucociliary Clearance drug effects Norepinephrine pharmacology Phentolamine pharmacology Propranolol pharmacology Rabbits 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8321977 8100640 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Adrenergic and non-adrenergic vasoconstrictor mechanisms in the human nasal mucosa. 11-5 The possible occurrence of adrenergic and non-adrenergic vasoconstrictor mechanisms has been studied in human nasal mucosa biopsies. The tissue contractions (reflecting vascular tone variation) in response to exogenous noradrenaline (NA), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin (SOM) were measured in vitro. Dose-dependent contraction of the nasal mucosa was observed for the three agents studied and the rank order of their vasoconstrictive potency was NA > SOM > NPY. On a molar basis NPY showed an 80% less potent vasoconstrictive activity than SOM. Pretreatment with the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (10(-6) M) almost completely abolished the vasoconstrictive response to NA, whereas the effects of NPY and SOM remained intact. The responses to SOM were significantly reduced after pretreatment with high dose of the competitive SOM-antagonist analog cyclo(7-aminoheptanoyl-PHE-D-TRP-LYS-THR[BZL]). When SOM was administered simultaneously with NA, the contractile response was significantly reduced as compared to the effect of NA alone. In contrast, concomitant administration of NPY and NA potentiated the vasoconstrictive effect of NA. The present data suggest that both adrenergic and non-adrenergic vasoconstrictor mechanisms are present in the human nasal mucosa vascular bed. Furthermore, NPY and SOM may act as modulators of the NA-induced vasoconstrictive effects. Laboratory of Experimental Rhinology, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Geneva, Switzerland. Fischer L L Auberson S S Bretton C C Lacroix J S JS eng In Vitro Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Neuropeptide Y 51-41-2 Norepinephrine 51110-01-1 Somatostatin IM Adult Biopsy Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Humans Male Muscle, Smooth, Vascular drug effects physiopathology Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Neuropeptide Y pharmacology Norepinephrine pharmacology Somatostatin antagonists & inhibitors pharmacology Turbinates drug effects pathology Vasoconstriction drug effects 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 8100640 7686684 1993 08 05 1993 08 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 1 1993 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory neuroblastoma: clinical and pathological aspects. 1-6 Twenty cases of olfactory neuroblastoma were available for clinical and histopathological evaluation. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of this tumour was investigated and was best achieved using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, notably neuron-specific enolase, PGP 9.5, S-100 protein, synaptophysin and chromogranin A. This study confirmed that immunohistochemistry is a useful adjunct in cases where conventional histology is equivocal. Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London, United Kingdom. Lund V J VJ Milroy C C eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Monoclonal 0 Chromogranin A 0 Chromogranins 0 S100 Proteins 0 Synaptophysin EC 3.1.2.- Thiolester Hydrolases EC 3.1.2.15 Ubiquitin Thiolesterase EC 4.2.1.11 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase IM Adolescent Adult Aged Antibodies, Monoclonal Chromogranin A Chromogranins Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral pathology ultrastructure Nose Neoplasms pathology ultrastructure Phosphopyruvate Hydratase S100 Proteins Staining and Labeling Synaptophysin Thiolester Hydrolases Treatment Outcome Ubiquitin Thiolesterase 25 1993 3 1 1993 3 1 0 1 1993 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7686684 11654934 1995 07 07 1995 07 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 89 6 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Rehab and self determination. 32-4 Maier Evelyn E eng Case Reports Journal Article

United States Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 E Decision Making Freedom Health Education Health Promotion Humans Life Style Nurse-Patient Relations Nurses Paternalism Patient Advocacy Patient Care Team Patient Compliance Patient Participation Personal Autonomy Rehabilitation Smoking Social Values 46680 Professional Patient Relationship 17 fn. KIE BoB Subject Heading: patient care KIE BoB Subject Heading: professional patient relationship 1993 6 1 0 0 2001 11 2 10 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 11654934 8362178 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Perennial non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is a chronic nonpurulent disease. 92 Klementsson H H eng Letter

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-27-1 Estriol IM Adult Chronic Disease Estriol therapeutic use Female Humans Middle Aged Rhinitis diagnosis drug therapy pathology 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362178 8362177 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal dorsal cyst after rhinoplasty. 89-91 Nasal dorsal cyst formation after rhinoplasty is considered a rare complication. These cysts are due to entrapment of mucosal remnants in the subcutaneous space. Meticulous surgical technique aimed at preserving the mucosal lining may prevent cyst formation. Surgical excision with the open approach is a reliable treatment. A case of nasal dorsal cyst after previous rhinoplasty is presented. After four years no sign of recurrence is noted. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Zijlker T D TD Vuyk H D HD eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cysts etiology surgery Female Humans Nose Diseases etiology surgery Reoperation Rhinoplasty adverse effects 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362177 8362176 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Blindness after intranasal ethmoidectomy. 85-7 Orbital haemorrhage is an unusual and frustrating complication of ethmoid surgery. A case of reversible blindness which was due to intra-operative orbital haemorrhage occurring after intranasal ethmoidectomy is presented. Prevention and management of this kind of blindness can be reversed, if treated aggressively. Department of Otolaryngology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Sözeri B B Ataman M M Gürsel B B eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Blindness etiology Blood Loss, Surgical Ethmoid Sinus surgery Hematoma etiology radiography Humans Male Orbital Diseases etiology radiography Postoperative Complications 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362176 8362175 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A preliminary comparison of the effects of halothane and isoflurane on nasal mucosal blood flow. 81-3 The differing effects of halothane and isoflurane on nasal mucosal blood-flow was investigated by means of laser-doppler flowmetry in a total of fourteen patients who received one of these inhalational agents during anaesthesia. A trend towards lower nasal flux was seen in the halothane group but, due to insufficient numbers, significance could not be demonstrated. These changes in flux appeared not to be related to the falls in perfusion pressure which were seen in both groups of patients and were thought to be due to locally vasoactive effects. Otolaryngology Unit, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Marais J J Porter M J MJ Dent H H Shawe A A O'Donoghue B B eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 151-67-7 Halothane 26675-46-7 Isoflurane IM Adult Anesthesia, Inhalation Female Halothane pharmacology Humans Isoflurane pharmacology Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Male Nasal Mucosa blood supply Regional Blood Flow drug effects 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362175 8362174 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2008 11 21

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of methacholine on nasal transmucosal potential difference in normal human subjects. 77-9 This study was proposed to test the hypothesis that the parasympathetic system might attribute to the transmucosal potential difference. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study six volunteers had nasal transmucosal potential difference (NTPD) recorded at 4-min intervals during 12-min periods of rest, before and after treatment, as well as during exercise and recovery. Application of placebo did not significantly alter NTPD at rest. There was a significant rise during exercise (p < 0.05). The application of methacholine significantly increased NTPD at rest (p < 0.01); there was a further rise during exercise (p < 0.02). We conclude that parasympathetic stimulation can increase the transmucosal potential difference. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Stewart E J EJ Cinnamond M J MJ Nicholls P P Stanford C F CF eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride IM Adult Double-Blind Method Female Humans Membrane Potentials drug effects Methacholine Chloride pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Physical Exertion Random Allocation 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362174 8362173 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Transnasal electrocoagulation of the vidian nerve. 73-5 Vidian neurectomy has previously been reported as having a high success rate in alleviating secreto-motor rhinopathies. We report a prospective study of 24 consecutive patients who underwent transnasal vidian electrocoagulation. An overall improvement in symptoms was found in 59.1%. A worsening of overall nasal symptoms was complained of by 27.3%. The possible reasons for this are discussed. Department of ENT-Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. O'Flynn P P Cumberworth V V Milford C C Mackay I I eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Electrocoagulation adverse effects Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa secretion Nose innervation Nose Diseases surgery Peripheral Nerves surgery Prospective Studies 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362173 8362172 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Repair of saddle nose deformity in Wegener's granulomatosis and ectodermal dysplasia. 69-72 Two cases are reported involving surgical treatment of a saddle nose deformity due to Wegener's granulomatosis and ectodermal dysplasia, respectively. The association of ozena with both diseases requires special consideration for any type of transplants because of a high risk of infectious complications. By extranasal incisions the nasal dorsum has been successfully reconstructed by transplanting autogenic conchal cartilage. There has been no resorption or displacement of the transplant after twelve months in the case of ectodermal dysplasia, and after 25 months in the patient with Wegener's granulomatosis despite a severe recurrence of this disease. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Germany. Pirsig W W Pentz S S Lenders H H eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Ectodermal Dysplasia complications Female Humans Middle Aged Nose Deformities, Acquired etiology surgery Rhinoplasty methods Wegener Granulomatosis complications 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362172 8362171 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Continuous infrared thermometry of the nasal mucosa. 63-7 This study aims to continuously measure nasal mucosal temperature without interruption of nasal breathing using infrared thermometry. An infrared thermometer (Medi-Therm 310; Everest Interscience, Inc.) was directed at the nasal septum from a distance of 15 cm. Infrared radiation was continuously collected, then converted to an electrical signal proportional to the mucosal temperature and output to a chart recorder. In 70 subjects the mean nasal mucosal temperature was 30.4 +/- 2.0 degrees C on inspiration and 32.0 +/- 1.8 degrees C on expiration. Using multiple regression, nasal mucosal temperature was significantly related to atmospheric temperature (p < 0.0001) and inversely related to the airway patency of the ipsilateral nasal passage (p < 0.05). ENT-Department, University of Manchester School of Medicine, United Kingdom. Willatt D J DJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Body Temperature Female Humans Male Middle Aged Monitoring, Physiologic methods Nasal Mucosa physiology Thermography methods 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362171 8362170 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The role of acoustic rhinometry in studying the nasal cycle. 57-61 The nasal cycle has been demonstrated in man using several techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging, anterior rhinoscopy, rhinomanometry, all of which have limitations due to expense, discomfort, limited scope or poor reproducibility. Acoustic rhinometry is a new technique which analyses nasal geometry throughout the nasal cavity, not just at the flow-limiting segment. Six adult volunteers were examined at 15-to 30-min intervals using acoustic rhinometry. The classical alternating cycle was seen in three subjects, a non-classical cycle was seen in two, and no cycle seen in one subject. Changes occurred throughout the nasal cavity and corresponded with fluctuations in subjective scores of obstruction and, in one case, with nasal resistance measurements. Acoustic rhinometry is a rapid, reproducible and non-invasive technique. This pilot study demonstrates that it has potential for studying in detail the physiology of the nasal cycle. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Fisher E W EW Scadding G K GK Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acoustics Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa physiology Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Periodicity Pilot Projects 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362170 8362169 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal hyperreactivity. A histamine provocation model. 53-5 The aim of the study was to see whether it is possible to select non-allergic persons with hyperreactivity, especially in the nose, from healthy individuals with a histamine standardization test. Another aim was to elucidate whether a so-called priming effect could be present in such a non-allergic disorder. Seven patients with a history of perennial rhinitis, expressed as either or both swelling or discharge from the nose and a negative allergic investigation, were examined on three up to seven consecutive occasions. Rhinostereometry was used to register the reaction in the mucous membrane to a solution of histamine in successively increased concentrations. The results showed a statistically significant difference between this group compared with a control group of healthy volunteers. We could not detect any increase in the sensitivity during repeated provocations. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Ohm M M Juto J E JE eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Histamine diagnostic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis diagnosis physiopathology 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362169 8362168 1993 09 28 1993 09 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 2 1993 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The role of CT in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. 49-52 The intricate anatomy of the paranasal sinus unit (sinus/nasal cavities and ostia) and its relations to the orbit and anterior cranial fossa make accurate pre-operative evaluation of disease in this region mandatory before undertaking functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Plain radiography often fails to provide vital information in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis, especially of the ethmoid labyrinth, which is a key area of the paranasal sinus unit. Computerized tomography has significantly enhanced the scope of endoscopic sinus surgery by offering the surgeon hitherto inaccessible information regarding the sinus status. In this article, we review the pros and cons of the two imaging modalities, and present our experience fo 70 CT scans in patients of FESS. We also propose a surgical classification of CT findings. All in all, plain radiographs prove to be of little value for pre-operative assessment in FESS, while CT scans are an essential tool. Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Tyrone County Hospital, Omagh, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Kaluskar S K SK Patil N P NP Sharkey A N AN eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus radiography surgery Frontal Sinus radiography surgery Humans Paranasal Sinuses radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1993 6 1 1993 6 1 0 1 1993 6 1 0 0 ppublish 8362168 8140386 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Giant osteoma of the frontal sinus. 185-7 Osteoma is the most common benign tumour of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and the frontal sinus is its most frequent location. This tumour may be discovered incidentally on radiographs, or may enlarge to produce symptoms and, rarely, complications referable to its location near the orbit and anterior cranial vault. A 61-year-old man presented with right proptosis was found to have a giant osteoma involving frontal sinus. The aetiology, presenting features, and treatment of this tumour are reviewed. Department of Otolaryngology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Ataman M M Ayas K K Gürsel B B eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Frontal Sinus Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoma radiography surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8140386 8140385 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Staging in rhinosinusitus. 183-4 Institute of Laryngology and Otology, University College, London, U.K. Lund V J VJ Mackay I S IS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Humans Nose pathology Paranasal Sinuses pathology Rhinitis pathology Sinusitis pathology 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8140385 8140384 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Open septorhinoplasty. Experiences in 200 patients. 175-82 There are two approaches for septorhinoplasty, the endonasal approach and the external approach. The external approach is much criticized for the risk of columellar skin flap necrosis and visible scar formation. This series of patients has shown that the risk can be minimized using a mid-columellar broken incision with a meticulous closure technique. The exposure of the surgical anatomy is much better than with the endonasal approach, leading to better insight in nasal deformities and more detailed reconstruction. There seems to be no reasonable objection which can be raised against the columellar incision to reject the open approach. Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gooi-Noord Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands. Vuyk H D HD Olde Kalter P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Nasal Septum surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Postoperative Complications epidemiology prevention & control Reoperation Rhinoplasty methods Risk Factors 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8140384 8140383 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A multicentre study to assess long-term use of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in comparison with beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. 169-74 Two hundred and fifty-one patients, aged 16 years and over, with perennial rhinitis were recruited to this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. One hundred and fifty-nine patients received fluticasone propionate (200 micrograms) aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) twice daily, and 83 patients received beclomethasone dipropionate (200 micrograms) aqueous nasal spray (BDPANS) twice daily; treatment randomization being 2:1, respectively, in order to increase the number of patients in the FPANS group as FPANS was the drug under study. After 1 year of treatment, nasal blockage (p = 0.002), nasal discharge (p = 0.002) and eye watering/irritation (p = 0.048) were significantly improved in patients treated with FPANS twice daily, compared to patients treated with BDPANS twice daily. The symptom grades for nasal itching (p = 0.052) were improved in the FPANS group, but just failed to attain statistical significance at the 5% level. The symptom grades for sneezing tended to be better for the FPANS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Assessment of changes in the findings during nasal examination (rhinoscopy) and in haematological, biochemical and urinary parameters, and measurements of plasma cortisol levels during the one year of treatment with the study drugs, showed that there were no clinically significant differences between the two treatment groups and that the study drugs were equally well tolerated. This study indicates that long-term use of FPANS provides better relief than BDPANS for most of the symptoms of perennial rhinitis. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rikshopitalet, Oslo, Norway. Haye R R Gomez E G EG eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Androstadienes 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 90566-53-3 fluticasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Androstadienes administration & dosage therapeutic use Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Time Factors 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8140383 8140382 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2005 11 17

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Effect of vasoconstrictor pre-treatment on obstruction, secretion and sneezing after nasal challenge with threshold and suprathreshold allergen doses. 165-8 Acute nasal allergen challenge produces airway obstruction which varies in amount and timing with the allergen dose delivered. To see whether different mechanisms might contribute variably to mucosal swelling with different amounts of allergen, we challenged sensitive volunteers with threshold and 10-times threshold allergen doses, with and without topical vasoconstrictor pre-treatment. The vasoconstrictor effectively eliminated obstruction at both allergen dose levels, suggesting that acute vascular changes were responsible for all the measurable obstruction seen with acute allergen provocation. Alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictor pre-treatment was associated with increased weight of secretion and numbers of sneezes. Upjohn Research Clinics, Kalamazoo. Brooks C D CD Karl K J KJ Francom S F SF eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Allergens diagnostic use Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa blood supply Nasal Obstruction drug therapy physiopathology Nasal Provocation Tests Oxymetazoline administration & dosage therapeutic use Premedication Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy physiopathology Sneezing physiology 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8140382 8140381 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Effect of surface-active substance on nasal mucociliary clearance time: a comparison of saccharin clearance time before and after the use of surface-active substance. 155-7 Mucociliary clearance measured by saccharin clearance time is depending on ciliary function and on the physiological characteristics of mucus. The aim of this study was to determine whether the application of surface-active substances changed the mucociliary transport time. Twenty healthy persons were manually sprayed with surface-active substance in one of their nose cavities. The saccharin clearance time was measured before spraying and statistically compared with saccharin clearance time after spraying. Saccharin clearance time was significantly shortened immediately after spraying with surface-active substances. This difference was not found 2 h later. Our assay indicates that surfactant increases the rate of mucociliary transport in the upper respiratory tract. Department of Otorchinolaryngology, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. Outzen K E KE Svane-Knudsen V V eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Polysorbates 0 Surface-Active Agents 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Adult Female Humans Male Mucociliary Clearance drug effects physiology Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Polysorbates pharmacology Saccharin diagnostic use Surface-Active Agents pharmacology Time Factors 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8140381 8140380 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology MRI and plain radiographics in acute frontal sinus infections. 145-9 Twenty-seven patients with acute frontal sinusitis, collected during a 4-month period, were examined with plain radiographics and MRI both at the time of diagnosis and one month later. Findings in the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses were recorded. Frontal sinus trephination was performed in 13 of the 27 cases. The study shows that MRI is as reliable as X-ray in diagnosing an acute paranasal sinus infection with clinical symptoms. Frontal sinusitis is not an isolated disease affecting only the frontal sinuses: Mucosal pathology can also be found widely in the ethmoidal cells, and this pathology seems to persist in many cases for weeks. MRI showed its capability in confirming these findings. MRI was not found to be an over-diagnosing method in registering the secretions and mucosal swelling during an acute paranasal sinus infection. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. Antila J J Sonninen P P Grenman R R eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adult Ethmoid Sinus pathology radiography Female Finland epidemiology Frontal Sinus pathology radiography Frontal Sinusitis diagnosis epidemiology radiography Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Prospective Studies 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 8140380 7908144 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of intranasal azelastine and beclomethasone on the symptoms and signs of nasal allergy in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. 159-64 A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study involving 130 patients was conducted at 9 centres in the U.K. to assess the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with azelastine nasal spray (azelastine) and beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray (BDP) on the symptoms of perennial rhinitis. Efficacy was assessed by patients recording daily the severity of the symptoms of rhinitis on 10-cm visual analogue scales. Analysis of this diary data showed significant reductions in sneezing, blocked nose, running nose, and itching nose during azelastine treatment. Patients on BDP recorded a consistent reduction in rhinitis symptoms, but these reductions were significant only for sneezing on treatment day 7. When rhinitis symptoms were assessed by clinical investigators on a 4-point scale, the scores obtained following treatment with the 2 study medications showed little change from baseline or "active" treatment scores. There was no evidence of a consistent change in nasal airway resistance, measured using anterior rhinomanometry, following treatment with either BDP or azelastine. Azelastine nasal spray and BDP nasal spray were well tolerated by the patients and the relative incidence of adverse events was similar in the azelastine and placebo/azelastine treatment groups, except that taste perversion occurred more frequently during azelastine treatment than during placebo/azelastine treatment. There was no evidence of an increased incidence of somnolence or fatigue in patients who received azelastine nasal spray. Overall, the results of this study indicate that azelastine administered twice daily as an intranasal spray is a safe and efficacious treatment for the symptoms of rhinitis in patients suffering from mild to moderate perennial rhinitis. Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, U.K. Davies R J RJ Lund V J VJ Harten-Ash V J VJ eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Phthalazines 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 58581-89-8 azelastine IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Male Phthalazines administration & dosage therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7908144 7511251 1994 04 28 1994 04 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 31 4 1993 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of different preparations of nasal decongestants on ciliary beat frequency in vitro. 151-3 Ciliated cells from the nasal mucosa of normal persons were collected in culture medium and exposed to either oxymetazoline without preservatives, oxymetazoline with preservatives, xylometazoline with preservatives, or sham (culture medium). There was a significant decrease in ciliary beat frequency only by the two drugs with preservatives after 20 min. After substitution of the test media with culture medium ciliary action did not recover in any group. ENT Department, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany. Deitmer T T Scheffler R R eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Preservatives, Pharmaceutical 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Cells, Cultured Cilia drug effects physiology Humans Imidazoles pharmacology Mucociliary Clearance drug effects Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Oxymetazoline pharmacology Preservatives, Pharmaceutical pharmacology 1993 12 1 1993 12 1 0 1 1993 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7511251 1448678 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Diagnostic value of plain radiographs in chronic maxillary sinusitis: a comparison between radiological and endoscopic findings in 75 patients. 205-15 Preoperative radiologic and intraoperative endoscopic findings of maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were compared in 75 adult patients, in whom 135 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses were operated using functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). At sinoscopy, secretion was found in 91% (41/45) of the radiologically opacified antra and in 47% (31/65) of the antra with moderate or marked mucosal swelling in plain radiographs. Antral fluid level in radiographs was a relatively rare (23%) finding and showed secretion as reliably as opacification. Radiographic detection of secretion in maxillary sinuses with mucosal thickening is difficult. There was a fair correlation in both antral and ethmoidal mucosal changes with the mucosal findings in antroscopy and endoscopic ethmoid surgery. Dept. Otolaryngology, University Central Hospital, Tampere, Finland. Laranne J E JE Penttilä M A MA Paakkala T A TA Pukander J S JS Karma P H PH eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Chronic Disease Endoscopy Ethmoid Sinus pathology radiography False Negative Reactions Female Humans Intraoperative Period Male Maxillary Sinus pathology radiography Maxillary Sinusitis pathology radiography Middle Aged Sensitivity and Specificity 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1448678 1448677 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Respiratory tubes with nasal packings following septorhinoplasty. 193-204 The use of packings following septorhinoplasty is a matter of controversy. The recommendations go from gluing with fibrin glue only, if anything at all, over quilting stitches, perhaps in combination with silastic or teflon sheats or plates or these sheats alone, to the employment of various more substantial materials and in from 1 to even 14 days postoperatively. If long-term nasal packing is chosen following consideration of primary healing, patients will experience discomfort of mouth-breathing, but pressure in the ears, too. Therefore, our department has used respiratory tubes simultaneously with packings since 1971. In this study, 47 patients who underwent septo- and/or rhinoplasty were treated by nasal packings 6 days postoperatively. All patients were treated by silicone respiratory tubes, one group in all 6 days, one in 4 days only. Self-assessment as far as some typical complaints is concerned was carried out as well as tympanometry. There were statistically significant less complaints of pressure in the ears when tubes were used, and the period with tubes was significantly preferred to the period without. A low pressure in the middle ears was seen in many patients. The normalization was occurring significantly sooner with tubes. At the same time they seem to secure that the normalization will take place as fast as it has been demonstrated in an earlier study employing only 3 days of nasal packing. No synechias or perforations were seen at an early follow-up, 1-3 months postoperatively. When long-term packing is preferred, respiratory tubes then can be recommended as effective. Dept. of O.R.L., Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark. Egelund E E Jeppesen F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bandages adverse effects Female Follow-Up Studies Hemostatic Techniques Humans Intubation Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Rhinoplasty Wound Healing 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1448677 1448676 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The nasal provocation test in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Behaviour and dynamics of nasal flow during the test. 187-91 We analyzed the value of the (n) coefficient of nasal flow in the formula of nasal resistances in order to: (1) calculate nasal flow during the course of the nasal provocation test, and (2) try to find out whether nasal flow maintains the same characteristics during the test. Our results show that values vary between 1.6589 and 1.8801, with a weighted mean of 1.7645--suggesting that the flow is of a mixed character--without significant differences during the course of the test. At the same time we carried out an analysis of the dynamics of nasal flow during nasal provocation. Allergy Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. Olivé-Pérez A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis physiopathology 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1448676 1448675 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Antroconchopexy for surgical treatment of perennial rhinitis. 183-6 We report on a rhinomanometric assessment of eleven patients undergoing antroconchopexy for relief of a "stuffy" nose. This little-known procedure involves the lateralization of the inferior turbinate through a large intranasal antrostomy. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement in postoperative inspiratory and expiratory nasal resistance. There was also a significant improvement in patient's scoring for nasal obstruction. Finer points of the surgical technique, and indications for the procedure are discussed. Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Lannigan F J FJ Gleeson M J MJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Manometry Maxillary Sinus surgery Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction surgery Prospective Studies Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial surgery Turbinates surgery 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1448675 1448674 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Rhinomanometric detection rate of rhinoscopically-assessed septal deviations. 177-81 Normal values for the flow at a transnasal pressure of 150 Pa were established with active anterior rhinomanometry (with decongestion) in a group of 33 normal subjects. These values were used to detect abnormalities in a group of 193 patients whose septum anatomy had been evaluated with rhinoscopy. About 25% of the rhinoscopically normal patients were found to have significantly low ("abnormal") flow values on one side. The same was true for patients with a small septal deviation restricted to one anatomical area. An abnormal flow was measured in about 35% of the patients with a moderate (restricted) septal deviation. In the patients whose septal deviation was not restricted to one anatomical area, about 45% had an abnormal flow. The highest detection rate was about 80% in patients with major deviations in the region of the vestibule and the valve. Such deviations were found only in a minority of the patients with complaints of nasal obstruction, which limits the importance of rhinomanometric evaluation in clinical practice. E.N.T.-Department, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Huygen P L PL Klaassen A B AB de Leeuw T J TJ Wentges R T RT eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance False Positive Reactions Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nasal Septum physiology Pressure Reference Values 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1448674 1448673 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Eosinophilia in nasal secretions compared to skin prick test and nasal challenge test in the diagnosis of nasal allergy. 169-75 This study was aimed to assess the usefulness of eosinophilia measurements in nasal smears (ENS) in the diagnosis of nasal allergy. Nasal smears were taken from 84 patients with histories suggestive of allergic rhinitis. The smears were stained by the Giemsa method and examined by light microscopy. Positive results were demonstrated in 69.2% of the samples. All the 84 patients also had a skin prick test (SPT); the perceniitage of correct correlation between ENS and SPT was 71.4%. Forty-two patients underwent nasal challenge test (NCT) and the percentage of correct correlation between ENS and NCT was 69%. Nine patients had negative SPT, but positive ENS. All were nasally challenged with 4 proving positive. This leaves 5 individuals (5.9% of the 84 studied) in the non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia category. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the assessment of eosinophils in nasal smears should be given more relevance and be more commonly used in the diagnosis of nasal allergy. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Romero J N JN Scadding G G eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Eosinophilia diagnosis pathology Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa secretion ultrastructure Nasal Provocation Tests Predictive Value of Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis pathology Skin Tests 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1448673 1448672 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology NARES: a model of inflammation caused by activated eosinophils? 161-8 Twenty patients were selected on the basis of perennial rhinitis, the absence of allergy and with an eosinophil count higher than 20% of total leucocytes in nasal secretions (NARES). Nasal endoscopy with biopsies from the middle turbinate and sinus CT were performed. Biopsies were processed for histological examination and for immunofluorescence. The clinical progress during treatment was scrutinized. An acute congestive aspect of the nasal mucosa was noted in 4 cases, and micropolyposis in 9 cases. Sinus CT showed opacity of the ethmoidal cells in 87% of cases (maxillary sinuses: 75%; frontal sinus: 46%; sphenoidal sinus: 31%). An eosinophilic infiltrate of the nasal mucosa was constituted in 9 cases: In 6 cases, the cells expressed the Fc epsilon RII receptor, recognized by the monoclonal antibody Bb10. Anti-H1 drugs usually failed to result in a clinical improvement and local eosinophilia was not changed. Local corticoids were more effective but not sufficient in some cases, so that oral corticotherapy was needed. Ethmoidectomy was performed in three cases. NARES seems to evolve in three stages: (1) migration of eosinophils from the vessels to the secretions; (2) retention of eosinophils in the mucosa which might be linked to activation of unknown origin; (3) nasal polyposis. Numerous interactions between irritation of the epithelium, release of substance P, and eosinophils, lead to the hypothesis of a neurogenic origin of NARES. Service de Médecine D, Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, CHU de Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. Moneret-Vautrin D A DA Jankowski R R Bene M C MC Kanny G G Hsieh V V Faure G G Wayoff M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Eosinophilia drug therapy pathology Eosinophils pathology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology secretion Rhinitis drug therapy pathology Syndrome 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1448672 1360172 1992 12 30 1992 12 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 3 1992 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic substances in clinical concentrations on human nasal ciliary beat. 149-59 The effect of autonomic substances on ciliary beat in mucosal biopsies from the normal human nose was studied. The influence on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) as well as on ciliary beat harmony was measured photoelectrically. The sympathetic beta-agonist isoprenaline was found to have a stimulatory effect on CBF, whereas the alpha-agonist xylometazoline reduced CBF and ciliary beat harmony. The parasympathetic agonist carbachol had a positive effect on CBF. The sympathetic antagonists timolol (beta) and phentolamine (alpha) as well as the parasympathetic antagonist atropine had no effect. The effect of the agonists on ciliary beat was absent when they were administered in combination with their specific antagonists. These experiments indicate that, in clinical concentrations, the autonomic substances modify ciliary beat by a direct effect on the ciliated cells. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Ingels K J KJ Meeuwsen F F Graamans K K Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists 0 Imidazoles 51-83-2 Carbachol 526-36-3 xylometazoline 7683-59-2 Isoproterenol IM Adrenergic alpha-Agonists pharmacology Carbachol pharmacology Cilia drug effects Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Humans Imidazoles pharmacology Isoproterenol pharmacology Nasal Mucosa cytology drug effects 1992 9 1 1992 9 1 0 1 1992 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1360172 1579813 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Activated T cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with grass-pollen allergy. A pilot study. 57-63 Six patients with grass-pollen allergy were provoked with water-soluble grass pollen until a pronounced allergic reaction occurred. This was performed outside the grass-pollen season, and the allergen was administered on the edge of the inferior turbinate. Biopsies were taken both before provocation and during the reaction, 15-30 minutes after provocation. The nasal population of immunohistochemically positive cells for HLA-DR, CD1, interleukin-2-receptor, IgE, CD4 and CD8 were studied. There was a marked increase of IL2-R-positive cells (activated T lymphocytes) in the nasal mucosa after provocation, whilst the other cell populations approximately remained unchanged (apart from a certain increase of IgE). The increase of activated T lymphocytes may imply that certain subsets of T cells play a role in the allergic response, and that the role of helper T cells very likely is much more complex than the regulation of mast cells and eosinophils. The concomitant presence of Langerhans' cells (CD1-positive) and activated T lymphocytes may indicate a possible association on site between an antigen-presenting cell and both effector as well as memory cells in allergic reactions. Dept. of Pathology, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden. Hellquist H B HB Karlsson M G MG Rudblad S S Ekedahl C C Davidsson A A eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Allergens immunology Biopsy Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Lymphocyte Activation immunology Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Provocation Tests Pilot Projects Pollen immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology pathology T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology T-Lymphocytes immunology 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1579813 1579812 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The human nasal mucosa after deprivation of airflow: a study of laryngectomy patients. 5-10 The effects on the human nasal mucosa of airflow cessation can be studied conveniently in the laryngectomy patient. We studied 39 laryngectomy patients and 50 healthy adults. Mucociliary clearance was measured using the saccharin test, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) analyzed in inferior meatal brushings and transmission electron microscopical observations made in similar nasal brushings. Mucociliary clearance was no faster in laryngectomees (mean 15.4 +/- 7.8 min); however, CBF was higher in the laryngectomees (means 15.0 and 14.1 Hz; p less than 0.05), especially in the first weeks after surgery (mean 16.8 Hz; p less than 0.01). Mucus-producing cells gradually decreased in proportion over the first postoperative year. The changes in the nasal mucosa after airflow cessation are dynamic and require months to equilibrate. This has implications for the timing of postoperative assessment of patients undergoing airway surgery. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Fisher E W EW Lund V J VJ Rutman A A eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cilia physiology Female Humans Laryngectomy Male Microscopy, Electron Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance physiology Nasal Mucosa physiology ultrastructure Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Time Factors 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1579812 1579811 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Ultrastructural findings of capillaries in nasal polyps. 49-56 The permeability of capillaries in nasal polyps is very high. The continuous capillary is the typical type but the discontinuous type and fenestrated type are also observed. These fenestrated capillaries are found near the stalk region. Although discontinuous capillaries undoubtedly have high permeability, many morphological findings which show this high permeability are observed even if they are continuous capillaries. There are many endothelial projections into the capillary lumen, well-developed marginal folds and pinocytotic vesicles. The endothelial projections complicatedly agglutinate to another part of the endothelium or projections and sometimes form the reticulation. Morphological findings inhibiting the interstitial oedema are also observed. Several layers of basement membrane appear around the capillaries, endothelial projections into the interstitium and the formation of the appositional junction between the pericytes and endothelium. Well-developed basement membrane inhibits the leakage of large molecules. The large spaces which are enclosed by external projections demonstrate the efficient absorption of interstitial fluid. The external projections and the formation of the appositional junction between pericyte and endothelium may support the findings of the rebirth capillaries. The capillaries in nasal polyps are very small in number. If the capillaries or venules were quickly created the interstitial fluid would be efficiently absorbed in the vessels. Dept. of O.R.L., Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. Watanabe K K Komatsuzaki A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Capillaries physiology ultrastructure Capillary Permeability physiology Humans Microscopy, Electron Nasal Mucosa blood supply Nasal Polyps blood supply 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1579811 1579810 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology ATP induces respiratory ciliostimulation in rat and guinea pig in vitro and in vivo. 33-40 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to revitalize the disturbed nasal mucociliary function in man. We investigated the effects of ATP on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in animals by immersing tracheal explants from rats in various concentrations of ATP, and by infusing ATP intravenously to guinea pigs. CBF was measured with a photodetector technique from the surface of the explants or from the incised trachea. ATP (from 0.01 to 1 mg/ml) in vitro increased CBF in rat tracheal explants up to 10.5% (p less than 0.05). In vivo ATP (1 mg/kg) increased the CBF by 29% (p less than 0.01) in the guinea pig trachea. As the CBF was increased by ATP, both in vitro and in vivo, it can be suggested that the improvement in mucociliary transport by exogenous ATP as shown in previous studies is caused by the ciliostimulatory effect of ATP. Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio, Finland. Saano V V Virta P P Joki S S Nuutinen J J Karttunen P P Silvasti M M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 56-65-5 Adenosine Triphosphate IM Adenosine Triphosphate pharmacology Animals Cilia drug effects Female Guinea Pigs Male Mucociliary Clearance drug effects Rats Rats, Inbred Strains Stimulation, Chemical Trachea drug effects 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1579810 1579809 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Polyethylene oxide gel: a new dressing after endoscopic sinus surgery. 25-32 The purpose of dressings after endoscopic sinus surgery is to absorb secretions, tamponade bleeding, discourage adhesions, and facilitate sinus and nasal hygiene. The ideal dressing should conform to the irregularities of the nasal-sinus cavity and resist adherence to the wounds so it can be easily removed. It should be economical, non-irritating, and antiseptic. The failure of previous dressings to fulfill all of these criteria led the author to evaluate a new alternative. Polyethylene oxide gel (Vigilon) was identified as a potential improvement and investigated in a clinical trial of 60 cases. This paper presents the author's observations and technique for application. Polyethylene oxide gel resulted in no significant complications. It appears superior to previously described dressings, primarily because of patient comfort at removal. Section of O.R.L., Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida. Salassa J R JR eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Polyethylene Glycols IM Bandages Endoscopy Humans Paranasal Sinuses surgery Polyethylene Glycols Suture Techniques 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1579809 1579808 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The effect of septal surgery on nasal symptoms. 17-20 Sixty patients scheduled for septal surgery were assessed preoperatively with regard to their symptoms of nasal obstruction, catarrh and facial pain. They were scored on a linear analogue scale and then re-assessed two months postoperatively. There was a highly significant improvement in scores for all three symptoms (p less than 0.005). Dept. of O.R.L., Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Sanderson R J RJ Rivron R P RP eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Facial Pain etiology prevention & control Female Humans Male Nasal Obstruction complications surgery Nasal Septum surgery Rhinitis etiology prevention & control 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1579808 1579807 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology An evaluation of the penetration of cefuroxime axetil into human paranasal sinus tissue. 11-6 Nineteen patients presenting for sinus surgery were studied to evaluate the percentage penetration from serum to paranasal sinus tissue of a single orally administered dose of cefuroxime axetil. The methods and results are presented. Cefuroxime penetrates well into human sinus mucosa following oral administration and the concentrations obtained exceed minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefuroxime for the most common pathogens in sinusitis. Dept. of O.R.L., Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Sudderick R M RM Lund V J VJ Thomson J P JP McCombe A A Mackay I S IS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Prodrugs 55268-75-2 Cefuroxime 64544-07-6 cefuroxime axetil IM Administration, Oral Bacterial Infections drug therapy Cefuroxime administration & dosage analogs & derivatives pharmacokinetics Drug Evaluation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mucous Membrane metabolism Paranasal Sinuses metabolism Prodrugs administration & dosage pharmacokinetics Prospective Studies Sinusitis drug therapy 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1579807 1533728 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2006 11 15

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The parasympathetic system in exercise-induced rhinorrhoea. 21-3 The present study demonstrates that ipratropium bromide significantly reduces normal resting nasal secretion (p less than 0.05) and also significantly reduces exercise induced rhinorrhoea compared with a placebo (p less than 0.01). It also demonstrates that there may be another non-parasympathetic cause for the increase in nasal secretion with exercise. Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Harris W E WE Giebaly K K Adair C C Alsuwaidan S S Nicholls D P DP Stanford C F CF eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Adult Aerosols Double-Blind Method Exercise physiology Humans Ipratropium therapeutic use Male Nasal Mucosa secretion Parasympathetic Nervous System drug effects physiology 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1533728 1374569 1992 06 05 1992 06 05 2010 11 18

0300-0729 30 1 1992 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The roles of histamine, leukotriene C4 and bradykinin on nasal vascular permeability in experimental nasal allergy of guinea pigs. 41-8 The releases of histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and bradykinin into the nasal cavity were measured following nasal antigenic challenge in ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs, or following nasal stimulation with one of these chemical mediators in OA-non-sensitized animals. In sensitized animals, increased vascular permeability of nasal mucosa was recognized immediately after antigenic stimulation and lasted for 90 minutes. The release of histamine into the nasal lavage fluid was observed only immediately after the antigenic stimulation. The releases of LTC4 and kinins into the nasal lavage fluid were augmented not only immediately after the antigenic challenge, but also 60 to 90 minutes after the stimulation. Nasal stimulation with one of these chemical mediators also increased nasal vascular permeability, but lasted for less than 40 minutes. These results suggest that the antigen-induced release of these chemical mediators might play some important roles in early increase of nasal vascular permeability, and that the increase of LTC4 and kinin levels might be involved in the prolonged nasal vascular permeability after nasal allergic response. Dept. of O.R.L., Sapporo Medical College, Japan. Shirasaki H H Asakura K K Kojima T T Sohma S S Kataura A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 SRS-A 58-82-2 Bradykinin 9006-59-1 Ovalbumin IM Animals Bradykinin metabolism Capillary Permeability physiology Guinea Pigs Histamine Release physiology Male Nasal Mucosa blood supply Nasal Provocation Tests Ovalbumin immunology Respiratory Hypersensitivity immunology physiopathology SRS-A metabolism Therapeutic Irrigation Time Factors 1992 3 1 1992 3 1 0 1 1992 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1374569 1411103 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal mucociliary clearance and resolution of otitis media with effusion in children following adenoidectomy. 97-101 Numerous workers have studied the relationship between nasal mucociliary clearance and adenoid removal in terms of nasal function. This study was performed to investigate the role of preoperative saccharin clearance time and velocity determination in selecting children with established otitis media with effusion (OME) for adenoidectomy. Testing was not found to be particularly reproducible and there was no statistically significant relationship between mucociliary parameters and the otoscopic resolution of effusion. Dept. of O.R.L., Bristol Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom. Parker A J AJ Powell J E JE Maw A R AR eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoidectomy Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Mucociliary Clearance physiology Nose physiology Otitis Media with Effusion physiopathology surgery Reproducibility of Results 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411103 1411102 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Fractured-nose reduction under local anaesthesia. Is it acceptable to the patient? 89-96 This article examines patients' acceptance of fractured-nose reduction under local anaesthesia, both objectively and subjectively. At each stage of the reduction the level of the discomfort, the patients' experiences were recorded. The success rate of complete reduction of the nasal fracture was found to be 71% and this was similar to that obtained in other studies that have used general anaesthesia. An overall level of discomfort for the procedure in terms a layman can understand was obtained by comparing the manipulation with that of having a tooth filled at the dentist. Sixty-three percent of the patients said that the nasal fracture reduction was no worse or the same as a dental filling. Our study showed that 96% of patients would be willing to undergo the same local anaesthetic procedure if they fractured their nose a second time. We conclude that it is possible to reduce the majority of fractured noses adequately with little inconvenience to the patient under local anaesthesia, and so we recommend that this procedure should be considered in the first-line treatment of the displaced fractured nose. Dept. of Otolaryngology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom. Owen G O GO Parker A J AJ Watson D J DJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Anesthesia, Local methods Female Humans Male Manipulation, Orthopedic Middle Aged Nasal Bone injuries surgery Patient Acceptance of Health Care Skull Fractures surgery 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411102 1411101 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal vascularization: experiences using the microcorrosion technique in human foetuses. 81-8 The authors have studied the three-dimensional aspect of the vascular architecture of the nasal mucosa, using the microcorrosion method followed by scanning electron microscopical observation of casts of the vascular networks in both the septum and the lateral part of the nose. Batson's compound was introduced into the vascular system through the ascending aorta, in order to obtain a replica of the nasal mucosa vessels. Twelve- to 24-week-old foetuses obtained from spontaneous abortions were used for this purpose. E.N.T.-Clinic, Medical School, University of l'Aquila, Italy. Passàli D D Buccella M G MG Vetuschi A A Bellussi L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Arteriovenous Anastomosis ultrastructure Corrosion Casting methods Fetus anatomy & histology Humans Microcirculation embryology ultrastructure Nasal Mucosa blood supply embryology 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411101 1411100 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Medico-legal aspects of sinus surgery. 77-9 Sogg A A eng Comment Letter

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 1991 Dec;29(4):257-61 1780625 Ethmoid Sinus surgery Humans Insurance, Liability Malpractice United States 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411100 1411099 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia: unsuccessful treatment with the flashlamp-pulsed dye laser. 135-7 In seven patients with hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT) only one patient had lasting benefit from treatment with the flashlamp-pulsed dye laser. In seven other patients who had received other treatment before, none had any observable effect of this laser. The flashlamp-pulsed dye laser therefore does not seem to be effective in the treatment of nasal teleangiectasias. Dept. of O.R.L., Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. Haye R R Austad J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Laser Coagulation Nose pathology Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic surgery 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411099 1411098 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal mucosa reaction. A model for mucosal reaction during challenge. 129-33 Rhinological symptoms in aspects of hyperreactivity and allergy are increasing problems. Previous reports on this subject are based on studies of airway obstruction (rhinomanometry), secreted substances during challenge, and symptom scores. To be able to define and evaluate the pathological reactions in nasal hyperreactivity and allergy, it is necessary to find principles to describe and standardize the reactions of the healthy nasal mucosa. The aim of this study was to examine congestion of the nasal mucosa in healthy volunteers. Existing measuring methods, in this aspect, are either indirect or not accurate enough for this purpose. With the development of rhinostereometry, an optical measuring method, it is possible to record nasal mucosa congestion with high accuracy. A nasal challenge test was made in healthy volunteers with gradually raised concentrations of a histamine solution, which was applied to the inferior concha on the right side. Recordings of the mucosal congestion were made with rhinostereometry. We found that it is possible, with statistical significance, to standardize the reactions of the healthy nasal mucosa: There is no congestion more than 0.4 mm with a histamine concentration of less than 4 mg/ml (p less than 0.05); congestion of more than 0.4 mm is present at histamine concentrations of 16 mg/ml (p less than 0.05). Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Hallén H H Juto J E JE eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adult Female Histamine diagnostic use Humans Male Models, Biological Nasal Mucosa immunology microbiology Nasal Provocation Tests instrumentation Nose Diseases diagnosis 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411098 1411097 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal sensitization of dairy farmers to bovine epithelial and urinary antigens. 121-7 Nineteen dairy farmers with nasal symptoms associated with working in cowhouses participated in the study. Nasal challenge with bovine epithelial antigen (BEA) and bovine urinary antigen (BUA) was made before and after the indoor feeding season. Nasal challenge made before the indoor feeding season with BEA was positive in five patients and three of them showed positive reaction in nasal challenge also with BUA. After the indoor feeding season the results in nasal challenge with BEA were approximately equal to BEA and four of them showed positive response in nasal challenge to BUA. However, we did not find any significant increase in sensitivity in nasal challenge to BEA or BUA after the indoor feeding season. In addition to these patients, two patients who were excluded from nasal challenge before the indoor feeding season showed positive results in nasal challenge after the indoor feeding season with both BEA and BUA. Our results suggest that BUA in addition to BEA may have significance to nasal symptoms. Dept. of O.R.L., Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. Rautiainen M M Ruoppi P P Jägerroos H H Nuutinen J J Mäntyjärvi R R Virtanen T T eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Adult Allergens Animals Cattle immunology urine Dairying Epithelium immunology Female Humans Male Nasal Provocation Tests Occupational Diseases diagnosis immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis immunology 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411097 1411096 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The value of high-resolution CT-scan for diagnosis of infectious paranasal sinuses disease and endonasal surgery. 113-20 Since 1986 the high resolution CT in two planes is part of our preoperative diagnostic program for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, acute, complicated rhinosinusitis and polyposis nasi. The importance of the CT for diagnosis, localization, and planning the operation shall be demonstrated. Dept. of ORL, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Weber A A May A A von Ilberg C C Halbsguth A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Chronic Disease Humans Microsurgery Middle Aged Sinusitis radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411096 1411095 1992 11 20 1992 11 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 2 1992 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Influence of topical steroid treatment on maxillary sinusitis. 103-12 The clinical efficacy and adverse effects of budesonide administered as a nasal aerosol in addition to sinus washings and erythromycin therapy was assessed by comparison with placebo in a randomized, double-blind study of 40 patients with chronic or recurrent maxillary sinusitis. Most of the patients had been referred for operative treatment. Corticosteroid therapy, 400 micrograms daily, or placebo was continued for 3 months. Budesonide and antral irrigations reduced nasal symptoms more effectively than placebo, and there was a significantly greater reduction in facial pain and sensitivity in the budesonide group than in the placebo group. During the treatment period, mucosal thickening as evaluated by radiology decreased more clearly in the budesonide group than in the placebo group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Haemophilus influenzae. Only 2 of 20 Haemophilus strains were beta-lactamase producers. The cellular picture was dominated by neutrophils in all secretions. There was no significant difference in clinical outcome between the two groups. Topical steroid therapy did not cause any adverse effects. Dept. of O.R.L., Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland. Qvarnberg Y Y Kantola O O Salo J J Toivanen M M Valtonen H H Vuori E E eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Pregnenediones 114-07-8 Erythromycin 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Topical Adult Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Budesonide Chronic Disease Double-Blind Method Erythromycin therapeutic use Female Glucocorticoids Haemophilus Infections drug therapy Haemophilus influenzae Humans Male Maxillary Sinusitis drug therapy microbiology Middle Aged Pregnenediones therapeutic use Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy 1992 6 1 1992 6 1 0 1 1992 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1411095 1470828 1993 01 28 1993 01 28 2005 11 17

0300-0729 30 4 1992 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: diagnostic and clinical assessment. 265-75 In allergic rhinoconjunctivitis not only the nasal mucosa but also the conjunctiva and, in severe cases, the cornea are affected by reactive phenomena. This pathological process is often encountered in clinical practice, its incidence ranging from 10% to 30% of the whole population, as reported by many authors. Up to now, the pathogenetic mechanisms of allergic reactivity are not completely understood. In our opinion this is due to insufficient standardization of the diagnostic procedures; even the clinical picture of such a pathological process seems to be insufficient, especially with regard to the analogies between the nasal and conjunctival pathologies. To a great extent this depends on the different clinical pictures both in otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology. Our study has been carried out on 98 patients suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis, and presents an accurate documentation with regard to the existence of analogies in reactivity at the immunoallergic level, in both the nose and conjunctiva. These are evident when we refer not only to specific routine allergological tests but, mainly, to local examinations. The evaluation of the selected data enables us to formulate a single classification of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, taking into account the common reactive phenomena. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Naples, Italy. Salzano F A FA d'Angelo L L Motta S S del Prete A A Gentile M M Motta G G Jr eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adult Allergens diagnostic use Conjunctiva microbiology Conjunctivitis, Allergic diagnosis epidemiology Humans Immunoglobulin E analysis Incidence Nasal Mucosa microbiology Nasal Provocation Tests Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis epidemiology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis epidemiology Skin Tests 1992 12 11 19 15 2001 3 28 10 1 1992 12 11 19 15 ppublish 1470828 1470829 1993 01 28 1993 01 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 4 1992 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Clinical evaluation of the nasal dilator Nozovent. The effect on snoring and dryness of the mouth. 283-7 When the lateral walls of the nostrils are dilated with Nozovent, inhalation requires less force, thus reducing the risk of vibrations of the soft palate creating the snoring sound. There is also less need for mouth-breathing. When 17 patients were tested during 10 nights, every second night using Nozovent, the sleeping partners noted significantly less snoring these nights than during the nights without Nozovent. The patients themselves also noted significantly less dryness of the mouth when they dilated the nostrils with Nozovent, being able to avoid mouth-breathing. Dept. of ENT, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Petruson B B Theman K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Dilatation instrumentation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mouth Breathing prevention & control Nasal Cavity Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Snoring prevention & control 1992 12 1 1992 12 1 0 1 1992 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1470829 1470827 1993 01 28 1993 01 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 4 1992 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Relationships between vital capacity, height and nasal airway resistance in asymptomatic volunteers. 259-64 Nasal airway resistance (NAR), vital capacity and height were measured in 76 asymptomatic volunteers aged between 18 and 71, mean age 28 +/- 1.4 years. Total NAR ranged from 0.15-0.39 Pa/cm3/s, with a mean total NAR of 0.23 +/- 0.006 Pa/cm3/s. Despite a good correlation between vital capacity and height in these subjects (r = 0.76) no relationships were found between either total NAR and vital capacity or total NAR and height. Physiological NAR is not related to vital capacity or height in normal healthy individuals. Common Cold and Nasal Research Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Wales College of Cardiff, United Kingdom. Morris S S Jawad M S MS Eccles R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance physiology Body Height physiology Female Humans Male Vital Capacity physiology 1992 12 1 1992 12 1 0 1 1992 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1470827 1470826 1993 01 28 1993 01 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 4 1992 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Incidence of medico-surgical treatment for nasal polyps on the development of associated asthma. 249-58 The surgical treatment of nasal polyps (in asthmatic patients) is still controversial today because of the contradictory, inconsistent, and unforeseen results reported in the literature. The 50 patients included in this study (mean age 49 years, range 25-67 years) came for a check-up on an average of 18 months (lower limit 12 months, upper limit 40 months) after a radical endoscopic intranasal ethmoidectomy. Thirty patients suffered from polyps and bronchial hyperreactivity; 12 patients in this group also suffered from aspirin intolerance. Twenty patients suffered from nasal polyps alone, and served as a control series. The following parameters were methodically noted relative to the date of ethmoidectomy: 1) the frequency of attacks and possible intervals of respiratory difficulty, pre- and postoperatively; 2) the basic treatment for the asthma, and the difference in size of the therapeutic doses necessary and/or the elimination of one or more therapeutic classes; 3) bronchospasticity, evaluated pre- and postoperatively by auscultation for wheezing and peak flow measurements. A bronchial challenge with carbamyl choline and a four-doses aspirin challenge over two days (10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 400 mg) were carried out pre-and postoperatively in the absence of contra-indications. Ninety-one per cent of the patients have improved and now live in less discomfort. The factors studied show a lower frequency of attacks, a distinct decrease of respiratory difficulty, less need for anti-asthmatic medication and especially less oral corticoids, and a marked improvement in functional respiratory test. The carbamyl choline test confirms these data and even shows the totally reversible nature of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in 30% of these patients. This series is too limited for us to say that intolerance to aspirin is reversible; perhaps only the reactivity threshold changes. In the 20 subjects with nasal polyps alone, no case of asthma have been recorded since the operation. Improvement of the asthmatic condition may be partly dependent upon a global diagnosis and treatment of the patient by the pneumo-immunoallergologist and the ENT-specialist. However, the nature of the surgical act seems to be of prime importance, and we must insist on the need for a radical marsupialization of the paranasal sinuses. Service ORL, Hôptial Central, Nancy, France. Jankowski R R Moneret-Vautrin D A DA Goetz R R Wayoff M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-78-2 Aspirin IM Aspirin adverse effects Asthma drug therapy epidemiology physiopathology Bronchial Hyperreactivity physiopathology Drug Hypersensitivity complications Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps complications surgery 1992 12 1 1992 12 1 0 1 1992 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1470826 1470825 1993 01 28 1993 01 28 2007 11 14

0300-0729 30 4 1992 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The nasal response to exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis. 241-8 This study has evaluated the nasal response to exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disease in which factors such as chronic lung disease and/or nasal polyposis might be anticipated to modify nasal function responses. Measurements of nasal resistance (NAR) by posterior rhinomanometry and specific airway resistance (sRAW) were made before and 1, 5, 10, and 30 min after a 4-min period of exhausting legwork exercise (50% predicted maximal) in 19 CF patients (aged 11-29 years) and 10 healthy subjects (aged 11-31 years). One minute after exercise, healthy subjects showed a 54 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM; standard error of the mean) relative fall from baseline in NAR and CF patients showed a 31 +/- 8% relative fall from baseline (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the magnitude or pattern of recovery in NAR after exercise (1 to 30 min) between the groups, largely because of the variability in NAR responses in CF patients. Exercise did not result in significant changes in sRAW in either group. We also found that a history or presence of nasal polyposis does not significantly affect functional nasal responses to exercise. Our conclusion is that the CF genotype and its airway sequelae do not substantively affect the control of the nasal response to exercise. Dept. of Medicine and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. Strohl K P KP Arnold J L JL Decker M J MJ Hoekje P L PL Doershuk C F CF Stern R C RC eng DK 27651 DK NIDDK NIH HHS United States HL 02011 HL NHLBI NIH HHS United States HL 37117 HL NHLBI NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance physiology Child Cystic Fibrosis complications physiopathology Exercise physiology Exercise Test Female Humans Male Manometry Nasal Polyps complications physiopathology Pulmonary Ventilation physiology 1992 12 1 1992 12 1 0 1 1992 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1470825 1281924 1993 01 28 1993 01 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 30 4 1992 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airflow asymmetry and the effects of a topical nasal decongestant. 277-82 Nasal airway resistance (NAR) is normally asymmetrical due to the nasal cycle. The aims of this study were to determine the degree of this asymmetry in healthy subjects and those with acute rhinitis associated with common cold, and to investigate how the administration of a topical nasal decongestant (xylometazoline) influenced the asymmetry in NAR. Unilateral NAR was measured by active anterior rhinomanometry, and was shown to be asymmetrical in both healthy subjects and those suffering with acute rhinitis. The asymmetry in NAR was greater in those with acute rhinitis than in the healthy group, with a ratio between "high" and "low" sides of 2.3:1 in the rhinitis group compared to a ratio of 1.7:1 in the healthy subjects. Administration of a topical nasal decongestant caused a significant decrease in total NAR in both groups and abolished the asymmetry in NAR in the healthy subjects (ratio is 1:1 after decongestion). However, significant asymmetry of NAR was still present in the group with acute rhinitis following the administration of decongestant (ratio is 1.5:1 after decongestion). These findings show that the normal asymmetry in NAR was increased during acute rhinitis associated with common cold, and that in healthy subjects (but not in those with rhinitis) the asymmetry was abolished by administration of a topical decongestant. The results are discussed in relation to nasal sympathetic tone and nasal blood flow. Common Cold and Nasal Research Centre, Dept. of Physiology, University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Williams R G RG Eccles R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Acute Disease Adult Airway Resistance drug effects physiology Common Cold complications Humans Imidazoles pharmacology Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Rhinitis drug therapy etiology physiopathology 1992 12 1 1992 12 1 0 1 1992 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1281924 1281923 1993 01 28 1993 01 28 2005 11 16

0300-0729 30 4 1992 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A review of the morphology of human nasal mast cells as studied by light and electron microscopy. 229-39 This review discusses the distribution and classification of human nasal mast cells after the use of different fixatives, and some of their staining characteristics, both at the light- and electron-microscopical level. The problems encountered with alcoholic and formaldehyde fixation are discussed as well as the limitations of different stains (including the basic aniline dyes), esterase cytochemistry and immunological techniques. Also, the respective limitations of light and electron microscopy are compared. Cells studied by means of electron microscopy are much more difficult to quantify objectively. It is concluded that classification of mast cells--by means of their morphology, fixation and staining characteristics--into two categories (mucosal vs. connective tissue; T-vs. T/C cells) is simplistic, especially since human nasal mast cells are both heterogeneous and pleomorphic. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, U.K. Drake-Lee A B AB Price J J eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cell Degranulation physiology Humans Mast Cells cytology physiology Microscopy, Electron Nasal Mucosa cytology Staining and Labeling 38 1992 12 1 1992 12 1 0 1 1992 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1281923 1947683 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Molten aluminium inhalation in the nose and ethmoid sinus. Report of an unusual case. 239-41 Accidental nasal inhalation of molten aluminium can occur during the industrial production of aluminium in spite of stringent safety precautions. In this case, believed to be the first reported in the literature, the initial evaluation of damage to the nasal mucosa was underestimated, because, in addition to a large nugget of aluminium in one nasal fossa, smaller fragments had penetrated deep into the middle meatus. These smaller fragments, undetected because of the poor radiopacity of aluminium, were responsible for extensive tissue damage which caused ethmoiditis and secondary maxillary sinusitis. Arbour P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7429-90-5 Aluminum IM Accidents, Occupational Aluminum adverse effects Burns, Chemical etiology Burns, Inhalation complications etiology Ethmoid Sinusitis etiology Humans Maxillary Sinusitis etiology Nasal Mucosa injuries 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947683 1947682 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Platelet activating factor (PAF) effects on ciliary activity of human paranasal sinus mucosa in vitro. 231-7 The effect of PAF on ciliary activity was investigated in vitro. Normal human paranasal sinus mucosa was obtained from the ethmoid sinuses by surgical procedure and incubated in the form of tissue culture. Mucosal surface profile was viewed under an inverted microscope and ciliary activity was photoelectrically measured. Ciliary inhibition was significantly induced after a 60 min period of incubation with 10(-8) M PAF in vitro followed by irrigation. However, when the mucosa was irrigated after a 15 min incubation period the ciliary activity showed no remarkable change. The effect of 10(-8) M PAF on ciliary activity was completely blocked when pre-incubated and then incubated with 10(-6) M CV-3988 (a specific PAF receptor antagonist); however, it was moderately inhibited when only preincubated with CV-3988. These data indicate that PAF specifically affects ciliated cells in the first 60 min after the challenge. Dept. of O.R.L., Yamanashi College of Medicine, Japan. Ganbo T T Hisamatsu K K Nakazawa T T Kamijo A A Murakami Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Phospholipid Ethers 0 Platelet Activating Factor 85703-73-7 CV 3988 IM Cells, Cultured Cilia physiology Ethmoid Sinus cytology Humans Mucous Membrane cytology Phospholipid Ethers pharmacology Platelet Activating Factor antagonists & inhibitors pharmacology 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947682 1947681 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A clinical study of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea. 223-30 A retrospective study of 10 patients presenting with spontaneous (normal pressure) CSF rhinorrhoea was performed. The epidemiology, role of radiology and surgical treatment are discussed. Nose blowing was found to cause onset of rhinorrhoea in 30% of patients studied. The presence of congenital dehiscences and the formation of small meningoceles are the most likely aetiological basis for this condition. The Valsalva like effect of nose blowing may cause dural rupture at sites of dehiscence thereby leading to rhinorrhoea. Contrast CT imaging identified the site of leakage in 70% of cases and further identified the side of leak in 20%. Contrast CT imaging is, therefore, the best modality for investigating these patients. Extracranial methods successfully repaired 88% of leaks compared with 50% for craniotomy. Extracranial techniques should be the primary surgical option since they have higher rates of successful repair and less morbidity than craniotomy. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Tolley N S NS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea etiology radiography surgery Craniotomy Ethmoid Bone radiography Female Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Sphenoid Sinus radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947681 1947680 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Patency of nasofrontal duct during the healing process of trephined acute frontal sinusitis. A clinical application of modern rhinomanometry. 213-21 Thirty-one patients suffering from acute frontal sinusitis were treated by trephination. The patency of the nasofrontal duct was measured daily via the ventilation tube by computerized rhinomanometry until the tube was removed. According to the air flow changes inside the frontal sinus during normal nasal breathing, the duct was assessed as open, partially open or obstructed. The further healing process was assessed by clinical and radiological examination during a two-month postoperative follow-up. Statistical analysis of the results shows that both the favourable healing process and recurrences can be predicted with this method to a very high level of significance. The method is simple and rapid and it helps to determine the correct time for the withdrawal of the irrigation tube in individual patients. Dept. of O.R.L., Turku University Hospital, Finland. Sipilä J J Suonpää J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adult Drainage Female Frontal Sinus physiopathology Frontal Sinusitis physiopathology surgery Humans Male Manometry Recurrence Trephining Wound Healing 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947680 1947679 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Anterior wedge excision in deflected nasal dorsum. A pilot study. 201-12 Correction of a deflected nasal dorsum and deviated septum is perhaps the most common problem in daily rhinosurgical practice. Up til now the basic principle of all surgical methods employed has been total mobilization. However, recurrences are seen. It is difficult to judge the importance of these results as no objective measurements are brought. In a new concept an anterior wedge is removed on the "long" side, leaving the rest of this side as support of the otherwise totally mobilized nose. In a pilot study of 36 patients the angle of deflection was measured on pre- and postoperative standardized photos. A median undercorrection of 1.5 degrees and 0.5 degree was obtained for the osseous and cartilaginous dorsum respectively, and the result was stable. The mean follow-up was 16.2 months (range 9-41 months). Dept. of O.R.L., Viborg Sygehus, Denmark. Jeppesen F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM S Adult Follow-Up Studies Humans Immobilization Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum anatomy & histology surgery Pilot Projects Questionnaires Recurrence Rhinoplasty methods 92054039 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947679 1947678 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2003 11 14

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Autoradiographic findings in experimental sinusitis in rabbits. 193-9 In order to study the effect of a purulent infection in the sinus cavity on the uptake of radionuclide in the surrounding bone, two series of experiments were performed; one using 45Ca-chloride (T1/2 = 153 d), that was given intravenously in a dose of 50 MBq to the previously infected animal, and in the other 99Tcm-DP was used in a dose of 530-1600 MBq. The animals were killed 4-6 hours later and analyzed using an autoradiographic technique and histological examination. Chronic unilateral infection of the maxillary sinus was induced experimentally according to the technique described by Kumlien and Schiratzki (1985). An acute unilateral maxillary sinusitis was induced experimentally according to Johansson et al. (1988). An increased uptake of 99Tcm-DP in the bone surrounding the sinus cavity with an infected mucosa could be seen. This uptake could be seen four days after induction of an acute, purulent, pneumococcal sinusitis, and five months after the induction of an purulent, chronic sinusitis. No increase in uptake could be seen in the mucosa of the sinus with purulent infection. The beta-emitting nuclide gave better resolution in autoradiography than did the gamma-emitting nuclide, and would give better possibilities in identifying structures; however, the specificity to bone of 45Ca was not high enough to be suitable. Dept. of O.R.L., Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden. Kumlien J J Stierna P P Schiratzki H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Calcium Radioisotopes IM Animals Autoradiography Calcium Radioisotopes diagnostic use Maxillary Sinus radionuclide imaging Maxillary Sinusitis radionuclide imaging Nasal Mucosa radionuclide imaging Rabbits 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947678 1947677 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2003 11 14

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Temperature measurements in the maxillary sinus of rabbits. 185-92 An experimental study was designed to investigate the temperature of the maxillary sinus before and after creation of nasoantral windows and in relation to different ambient temperatures. In 10 rabbits the natural ostium was enlarged (ostioplasty) and in 10 other animals a window was created far from the ostium (antrostomy). Six rabbits, in which no surgery was performed on the nasoantral wall, served as controls. The results show that before surgery, the temperature of the sinus is kept constant even when the external temperature changes. After ostioplasty or antrostomy, the capacity of air conditioning is significantly reduced and the sinus temperature changes in correlation to the environmental temperature. Dept. of O.R.L., Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City. Perko D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Body Temperature Female Male Maxillary Sinus physiology Rabbits 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947677 1947676 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The voluntary control of nasal airway resistance. 181-4 The effects of flaring and constricting the alar margins upon nasal airway resistance (NAR) were measured in 24 normal subjects. The median decrease in NAR on flaring was 21% whilst constricting increased NAR by a median of 67%, there being a high inter-subject variation. We feel these movements of the alar margin an important factor in controlling NAR. Dept. of O.R.L., Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Rivron R P RP Sanderson R J RJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance physiology Humans Middle Aged Nose physiology 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947676 1947675 1991 12 16 1991 12 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 29 3 1991 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal mucociliary function: comparison of saccharin clearance with ciliary beat frequency. 173-9 Mucociliary clearance as measured by saccharin clearance time is in part dependent on the physiological characteristics of mucus and is partly dependent on ciliary function. This study compared the relationship between saccharin clearance time and ciliary beat frequency in 44 patients attending a rhinology clinic. Whilst saccharin clearance time may be used as a screening test for ciliary function there was no clear linear relationship between mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency. Dept. of O.R.L., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Moriarty B G BG Robson A M AM Smallman L A LA Drake-Lee A B AB eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Adult Aged Cilia physiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance Mucus physiology Nasal Mucosa metabolism Saccharin pharmacokinetics 1991 9 1 1991 9 1 0 1 1991 9 1 0 0 ppublish 1947675 2038659 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal surgery in German speaking countries around the turn of the century. 79-84 The historical review of submucous septal surgery includes the German pioneers Hartmann (1882) and Petersen (1883), Krieg (1886) and Killian (1899) who finally refined this operation. Besides his technical notes and the development of new instruments Killian defined indications and contraindications for this type of surgery which are considered valid even today. Dept. of O.R.L., Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. Mann W W eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q Austria Germany History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans Nose surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases history surgery Killian G G 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038659 2038658 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic sinus surgery for antrochoanal polyps. 77-8 Dept. of O.R.L., Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Vleming M M de Vries N N eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Endoscopy Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus surgery Nasal Cavity surgery Nasal Polyps surgery 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038658 2038657 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Discomforts after endoscopy of the maxillary sinus via canine fossa. 69-75 A retrospective study on a series of 99 antroscopies of the maxillary sinus via canine fossa showed that this routine procedure may cause longer standing discomforts to the patients. Indications for this procedure should therefore be more severe. Dept. of O.R.L., Ruhr University, Bochum, Fed. Rep. of Germany. Bernal-Sprekelsen M M Kalweit H H Welkoborsky H J HJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Endoscopy adverse effects Facial Pain epidemiology etiology Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus pathology Maxillary Sinusitis diagnosis Paresthesia epidemiology etiology Retrospective Studies Time Factors 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038657 2038656 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2005 11 16

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Malignancy of the nose and sinuses. Epidemiological and aetiological considerations. 57-68 Sinonasal malignancy is a rare disease in which a number of aetiological factors have been implicated. Incidence, site and histological type can vary in different geographical areas which may be due to occupational, social and genetic factors. Relative risk rates have been determined for a number of occupations such as workers with wood, nickel, chrome, chemicals, shoes and textiles though the exact causative agents and mode of action is not entirely clarified. Some non-occupational agents and pathological conditions may also play a role in certain cases. A group of 350 patients with sinonasal malignancy have been reviewed with regard to aetiological factors and more detailed information was obtained in 50 of these patients by questionnaire and interview. Significant exposure to a wide range of known carcinogens was revealed suggesting a possible causative relationship in several unusual histological types. Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London, United Kingdom. Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Air Pollutants, Occupational IM Aged Air Pollutants, Occupational adverse effects Female Great Britain epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms epidemiology etiology Occupational Diseases epidemiology Occupational Exposure Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms epidemiology etiology Risk Factors 69 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038656 2038655 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia--argon laser. 5-9 In 20 patients with hemorrhagic hereditary teleangiectasias (HHT) only 15 were treatable with argon laser. In the others septal perforation or continued bleeding made initial treatment inadequate. The laser treatment had to be repeated in all patients, due to multiplicity of lesions. Nine patients regarded the outcome very favourably with minimal bleeding episodes. In four of them the effect lasted more than one year. Dept. of O.R.L., Rikshopitalet Oslo, Norway. Haye R R Austad J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Epistaxis etiology surgery Female Humans Light Coagulation Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum blood supply Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic complications surgery 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038655 2038654 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2008 11 21

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Further studies on nasal sensation of airflow. 49-55 The effect of applying a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics cream (EMLA) to the nasal vestibule, upon both nasal sensation of airflow and action of menthol was studied in 25 normal subjects. Anaesthesia of the vestibule was shown to decrease nasal sensation of airflow, p less than 0.001. The action of menthol in enhancing the sensation of nasal airflow was unchanged, p greater than 0.05. This shows that sensory nerve endings located within the nasal vestibule and mucosa, are likely to be important in conveying nasal sensation. This study expands basic scientific knowledge in this important clinical area. The site and nature of sensory nerve endings responsible and possible neurophysiological mechanisms involved are discussed. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Aldren C C Tolley N S NS eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local 0 Drug Combinations 0 EMLA 137-58-6 Lidocaine 1490-04-6 Menthol 721-50-6 Prilocaine IM Adult Anesthetics, Local Drug Combinations Female Humans Lidocaine Male Menthol diagnostic use Nasal Cavity innervation Nasal Mucosa innervation Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Prilocaine Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Sensation physiology Sensory Receptor Cells physiology 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038654 2038653 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airway resistance in the newborn. 27-33 The present study aimed to provide normative data for nasal airway resistance in the newborn. Anterior rhinomanometry was performed on 17 full term Caucasian infants aged 1 to 4 days, birthweight 3100 to 4150 g. No sedation or decongestion was performed. Average unilateral nasal resistance was 4.86 kPa/l/s (SD = 2.41) at a pressure threshold of 75 Pa. Average nasal resistance calculated from the right and left side recordings was 2.14 kPa/l/s (SD = 0.77). This corresponds to 21.8 cm H2O/l/s (SD = 7.9). The nasal resistance of the newborn thus is approximately 10 times that of the adult. Institute of Orthodontics, Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, Denmark. Solow B B Peitersen B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance physiology Female Humans Infant, Newborn physiology Male Manometry Nasal Cavity physiology Reference Values 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038653 2038652 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Factors influencing ciliary beat measurements. 17-26 Investigation of the effect of environmental and pharmacological factors on human respiratory epithelium requires standardization of measuring conditions. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and its shift were determined photo-electrically in 43 biopsies of human nasal mucosa. Curette biopsies were compared to forceps biopsies. CBF variation between three different cells of one biopsy sample did not differ for the two biopsy techniques. The ciliated cells of forceps biopsy specimens showed a more constant beating pattern which resulted in a small CBF shift. It appeared that in studying ciliary activity a continuous layer of ciliated cells which is in contact with the basal membrane is required. Therefore forceps biopsies are preferable to curette biopsies. The environmental temperature has to remain constant since CBF is temperature dependent. The pH and osmolarity of the medium do not influence CBF when kept within a certain range. No effect of medium superfusion flow rate was seen. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. Ingels K J KJ Kortmann M J MJ Nijziel M R MR Graamans K K Huizing E H EH eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Culture Media IM Basement Membrane ultrastructure Biopsy methods Culture Media Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Mucociliary Clearance physiology Nasal Mucosa physiology ultrastructure Osmolar Concentration Temperature 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038652 2038651 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2008 11 21

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A comparison between the effect of ice packs on the forehead and ice cubes in the mouth on nasal submucosal temperature. 11-5 The submucosal temperature in the inferior turbinate was measured in 13 subjects. It was found that giving ice cubes to suck produced a significantly greater fall in nasal temperature than did the application of ice packs to the forehead. In only seven out of the 13 subjects did an ice pack reduce nasal temperature. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Porter M J MJ eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Ice IM Adult Body Temperature Cryotherapy Epistaxis therapy Forehead Humans Ice Mouth Nasal Mucosa blood supply physiology 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2038651 1710069 1991 07 03 1991 07 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 1 1991 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Acoustic rhinometry: values from adults with subjective normal nasal patency. 35-47 The nose with normal feeling of nasal patency, and no gross structural changes has been described in 82 individuals by acoustic rhinometry. Curves for one and both sides of the nasal cavity and before and after decongestion have been recorded. We have found that the minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) is located anteriorly in the nasal cavity; in some subjects it is localized at the head of the inferior turbinate and in other subjects more anteriorly at the nasal valve. After decongestion MCA moves even more anteriorly. Beyond the MCA the dimension of the nasal cavity increases, with maximal effect of decongestion at 4 cm from nostrils. Decongestion increases the total volume of the nasal cavity by 35%. ENT-department, University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark. Grymer L F LF Hilberg O O Pedersen O F OF Rasmussen T R TR eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Acoustics Adult Airway Resistance physiology Female Humans Male Manometry methods Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology physiology Nasal Decongestants diagnostic use Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology physiology Turbinates anatomy & histology 1991 3 1 1991 3 1 0 1 1991 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1710069 1891685 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Presentation of rhinosinugenic intracranial abscesses. 99-103 Intracranial abscesses secondary to rhinosinugenic disease are uncommon and the incidence is poorly documented. It is generally believed that individuals at risk of developing this complication can be identified by presenting clinical features. A ten year retrospective Scottish national survey 1976-1985 of intracranial abscesses was carried out. Clinical and or radiological evidence of nasal/paranasal aetiology in abscesses localised to the frontal lobe, extradural or subdural spaces allowed 23 surgery or autopsy confirmed abscesses to be classified as rhinosinugenic. 12 abscesses occurred in individuals aged 0-19 years, two in patients with risk factors for intracranial spread, 8 of 11 adults had similar predisposing features (p less than 0.01). This is a rare complication and individuals at risk in the first two decades of life can seldom be identified prospectively on clinical grounds. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Leeds, United Kingdom. Nunez D A DA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Brain Abscess epidemiology etiology Child Female Humans Male Nose Diseases complications Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Scotland epidemiology Sinusitis complications Streptococcal Infections epidemiology etiology 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891685 1891684 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery. Approaches and post-operative evaluation. 93-8 Recently, by using a rigid endoscope and a VIDEO system (CCD camera and TV monitor) for endonasal sinus surgery, surgical complications have been prevented. This is because a decrease in the dead angles achieves wide and clear visualisation of the site of manipulation of the paranasal sinuses, which have a delicate and complicated structure. Our endonasal sinus procedures under local anaesthesia consist of removal of pathologic mucosa within the anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses, opening of the cellulae and establishment of sufficient communication between the ethmoid sinus and the maxillary and frontal sinuses. Even if pathologic mucosa is present in the maxillary sinus, we leave it intact and attempt to heal it by achieving good ventilation. The surgical technique often includes correction of septal deviations and conchotomy. In patients with moderate to severe sinusitis (62 cases, 102 examples) who underwent endoscopic endonasal sinusectomy by the same surgeon, X-ray studies of post-operative changes of the maxillary sinus were performed. Fifteen cases showed excellent results, 47 good results, 30 fair results and 10 were unchanged. Clinical symptoms exhibited an overall improvement rate of 73%. Improvement of nasal discharge and nasal obstruction was more easily achieved than improvement of post-nasal discharge. Dept. of O.R.L., Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Moriyama H H Ozawa M M Honda Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Anesthesia, Local Endoscopy Humans Paranasal Sinuses surgery Postoperative Care Sinusitis surgery Television 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891684 1891683 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2008 11 21

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Some historical aspects of the surgical treatment of the infected maxillary sinus. 155-62 Sinus surgery probably originates from the time of the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt. Instruments were used to remove the brain through the nose as a part of the mummification process. The interest in the pathology of the maxillary sinus started to rise in the 17th century. Antral trephination for suppuration was the most common maxillary sinus operation in that period. An oro-antral fistula was often created by the extraction of a molar to drain the infected maxillary sinus daily. Later on the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus was opened through the canine fossa and was kept open for irrigation. Caldwell (1893), Scanes Spicer (1894) and later Luc in 1897 closed the canine fossa incision after an intranasal antrostomy and the removal of the infected mucosa. This so-called Caldwell-Luc procedure is still the most commonly used maxillary sinus operation today. After the introduction of the endoscopy in the beginning of this century endonasal surgery has been developed in the last decades into one of the important surgical procedures for maxillary sinus infections today. Dept. of O.R.L., Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tange R A RA eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article Portraits

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q Egypt Europe General Surgery history Greece History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Maxillary Sinusitis history United States 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891683 1891682 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Frontal bone osteomyelitis complicating frontal sinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type a. 151-3 Dept. of Neurosurgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. Milo R R Schiffer J J Karpuch J J Sarfaty S S Shikar S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Frontal Bone Frontal Sinusitis complications microbiology radiography Haemophilus Infections Haemophilus influenzae isolation & purification Humans Male Osteomyelitis etiology microbiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891682 1891681 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2006 11 15

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A comparison between intranasal budesonide aerosol and budesonide dry powder in the treatment of hay fever symptoms. 137-41 Sixty patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to birch pollen were enrolled in an open, randomized parallel group study. Efficacy and side effects were studied after intranasal administration of budesonide given as a freon propellant aerosol or as dry powder with a sniff actuated inhalation device. Medication started a few days before the actual peak pollen season and lasted for three weeks. The dose was 400 micrograms once daily. Efficacy was assessed daily by patient-rated symptoms scores and by nasal peak inspiratory flow measurements at the visits to the clinic. Safety was assessed by monitoring clinical adverse events. No clear changes in nasal symptom scores or nasal peak flow occurred during the pollen season in either treatment group as compared to the pretreatment period, although the pollen season was very difficult in Finland during the study, ad 12000 grains per m3. Substantial or total control of symptoms was achieved in 93% of the patients in the aerosol group and in 79% in the powder group. Side effects were minimal in both groups. We conclude that dry powder administration of budesonide is as effective and well tolerated as the aerosol in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Dept. of O.R.L., University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Malmberg H H Holopainen E E Simola M M Böss I I Lindqvist N N eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Powders 0 Pregnenediones 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Inhalation Administration, Topical Adult Aerosols Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Budesonide Female Glucocorticoids Humans Male Powders Pregnenediones administration & dosage therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891681 1891680 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2006 11 15

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Vasoactivity of endothelin in nasal blood vessels. 125-35 Endothelin (ET) is a newly described peptide that was isolated from the supernatant of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. Among the three isoforms of ET, the originally discovered ET-1 is the only one that exists in vascular endothelium. It is reported to be an extremely potent vasoconstrictor in a variety of blood vessels. Using in vitro bioassay technique, the vasoactivity of ET-1 in both canine and human nasal mucosa was investigated. ET produces a contraction which is slow in onset and sustained in the blood vessels both of the canine and the human nasal mucosa. The threshold of ET-1 in causing contraction was 10(-9) M (dog) and 10(-8) M (human). This response was turned out to be extracellular Ca(2+)-dependent, because either Ca(2+)-free medium or application of nifedipine almost abolished it. A subthreshold concentration of ET-1 enhances exogenously applied noradrenaline (NA)-induced contractions, but not endogenous NA-induced contractions caused by transmural electrical stimulation. As endothelium derived substances, such as ET-1 showed strong vasoactivity, endothelium may play an important role in maintaining vascular tension of the nasal blood vessels along with neural control. Dept. of O.R.L., Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. Ichimura K K Okita W W Tanaka T T eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Endothelins 0 Vasoconstrictor Agents 7440-70-2 Calcium IM Animals Calcium physiology Dogs Endothelins pharmacology Endothelium, Vascular physiology Humans Muscle, Smooth, Vascular drug effects physiology Nasal Mucosa blood supply Vasoconstriction physiology Vasoconstrictor Agents 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891680 1891679 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2006 04 19

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Diagnosis of nasal allergy to the house dust mite. 117-23 Twenty-five patients with perennial rhinitis and a positive skin prick test (SPT) for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) were submitted to nasal provocation and the radioimmunosorbent test (RAST) for specific IgE-antibodies. We found a significant correlation in the reaction to both allergen extracts for all parameters examined. In addition, there was a significant correlation among the SPT, the RAST and the nasal provocation for Dp and between the SPT and the RAST for Df. In patients with perennial rhinitis we recommend the combination of all three methods to differentiate unspecific rhinitis from an allergic rhinitis. Only the patients with proved allergic rhinitis could benefit from a specific hyposensitisation. Clinical Immunology and Asthma Outpatient Dept., Rudolf Virchow Hospital, Free University, Berlin, Germany. Dokic D D Jovanovic S S Berghaus A A Brunnee T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust IM Adult Animals Dust adverse effects Female Humans Male Mites immunology Nasal Provocation Tests Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis etiology Skin Tests 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891679 1891678 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2006 07 25

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Trauma reduction in rhinoplastic surgery. 111-6 Operative procedures for bony pyramid surgery of the nose, using micro-osteotomes to reduce surgical trauma, are described. Over the last seven years experience with this refined technique has shown a considerable reduction in postoperative ecchymosis and oedema. Dept. of O.R.L., IJsselland Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Nolst Trenité G J GJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Ecchymosis prevention & control Edema prevention & control Humans Nasal Bone surgery Osteotomy instrumentation Postoperative Complications prevention & control Rhinoplasty methods 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1891678 1716374 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2006 04 19

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The sources of chemical substances in allergic nasal fluid. 143-9 The sources of different chemical substances in the NF of allergic patient, such as albumin, secretory IgA, histamine, leukotriene, kinin and substance P were investigated. To accomplish this, we challenged the inferior turbinate on one side, but separately collected NF from both sides in patients with nasal allergy to house-dust. Provocation was done with paper disc containing dried allergen extract. Collection was done by suction for the first five minutes immediately after the onset of a positive response to nasal provocation. The total amount of the chemical substances on each side was analyzed separately and compared. Significant differences were seen between both sides only for histamine and leukotriene. In consideration with the previous reports, it is suggested that in nasal allergen challenge the major sources are glandular secretion for secretory IgA, and albumin, and secretion for migrating cells for histamine and leukotriene. The major sources responsible for kinin and substance P, however, are not defined. Dept. of O.R.L., Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Ichikawa K K Okuda M M Naka F F Yago H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Albumins 0 Dust 0 Immunoglobulin A, Secretory 0 Kinins 0 Leukotrienes 33507-63-0 Substance P 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adolescent Albumins analysis Animals Body Fluids chemistry Dust adverse effects Female Histamine analysis Humans Immunoglobulin A, Secretory analysis Kinins analysis Leukotrienes analysis Male Mites immunology Nasal Mucosa secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial metabolism Substance P analysis 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1716374 1653967 1991 10 17 1991 10 17 2005 11 17

0300-0729 29 2 1991 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Technique and indications of extended sublabial rhinotomy ("midfacial degloving"). 105-10 Midfacial degloving is an extended sublabial rhinotomy, which permits good bilateral access to the nasal and paranasal cavities, the base of the skull, and the clivus. The incisions leave no visible scars. The access is suitable for large benign tumours (such as nasopharyngeal fibromas or inverted papillomas), but can also be used for malignant tumours. It can be enlarged by supplementary incisions to meet the demands of tumour surgery. Dept. of O.R.L., Steglitz Medical Center, Free University Berlin, Germany. Berghaus A A Jovanovic S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous surgery Humans Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms surgery Methods Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms surgery Nose surgery Nose Neoplasms surgery Papilloma surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery 1991 6 1 1991 6 1 0 1 1991 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1653967 1780635 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with extension to the cavernous sinus. A case report. 321-4 Dept. of Otolaryngology, Hacettepe Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. Onerci M M Gürsel B B Hosal S S Gülekon N N Gököz A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Cavernous Sinus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications Humans Male Mucormycosis complications pathology radiography Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications pathology radiography Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial complications 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780635 1780634 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of post-traumatic external nasal neuralgia. 315-20 Pain about the bridge of the nose is often a diagnostic dilemma. There is a small but important recognizable subgroup who may, as a consequence of involvement of the external nasal nerve in nasal injury, exhibit neuralgic pain after a latent interval. Temporary relief by local anaesthesia is diagnostic and cure is possible by division of the anterior ethmoidal nerve. We present a series of six cases to illustrate this rare cause of facial pain. National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London, United Kingdom. Golding-Wood D G DG Brookes G B GB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neuralgia diagnosis etiology therapy Nose injuries innervation 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780634 1780633 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Dentigerous cyst of the maxilla and its image diagnosis. 307-14 Dentigerous cysts may grow unnoticed to such extensive sizes as to occupy a considerable portion of the maxillary sinus. As they enlarge, the bony walls overlying the cysts thin out giving rise to an egg shell sensation upon palpation. Three cases of such extensive dentigerous cysts were experienced since 1987. These three cases were used to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the following imaging techniques in the preoperative evaluation of these cysts, conventional radiographs, sonography, CT, and MRI. Dept. of O.R.L., Tokyo University Branch Hospital, Japan. Okita W W Ichimura K K Iinuma T T eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Child Dentigerous Cyst diagnosis radiography ultrasonography Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Maxillary Neoplasms diagnosis radiography ultrasonography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780633 1780632 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2005 11 17

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Long-term clinical course of hypersensitive rhinitis. 301-6 Information on the long-term clinical course of hypersensitive rhinitis was collected among 180 patients who had previously participated in an allergological study. The time period between the initial study and the follow-up questionnaire study was about 18.2 years. Of the patients, 72 were men and 108 women, aged 3.6-69.3 years (mean age 28.5 years) at the time of the initial study. Initially, atopic rhinitis had been verified by allergological investigations in 61.7% while 38.3% of the cases had been designated as intrinsic. During the 18-year period symptoms decreased in severity in 37.2% and ceased completely in 27.2%. Total disappearance of symptoms was more frequent in the intrinsic than in the atopic group. Dept. of O.R.L., University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Simola M M Böss I I Holopainen E E Malmberg H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Follow-Up Studies Humans Remission, Spontaneous Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis therapy 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780632 1780631 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Optimal sample frequency in computerized rhinomanometry. Development and method. 295-300 The authors studied the pressure/flow signals generated during active anterior rhinomanometry of 25 subjects, presenting a normal transnasal breathing. By means of a Fourier transformation, the frequency content of these signals was analyzed. This investigation demonstrated clearly that signals with a frequency of more than 50 Hz no longer yield any further information about the transnasal ventilation. Dept. of O.R.L., Academic Hospital V.U.B., Brussels, Belgium. Versnick F F Clement P P Nyssen M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Nose physiology Respiratory Function Tests Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780631 1780630 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2006 11 15

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology An international comparison of rhinomanometry between Canada and Japan. 287-94 International discussions concerning rhinomanometry have been held but no numerical comparisons have been reported. In an attempt to make international comparisons between different rhinomanometric results, nasal resistances were measured by active posterior rhinomanometry with a head-out body plethysmograph produced in Canada and by active posterior and anterior methods with a Japanese commercial rhinomanometer, and the results were compared. No significant differences were found between measurements obtained from the two types of equipment. It is believed that this study is the first project of international comparison of rhinomanometry. Dept. of O.R.L., Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan. Naito K K Iwata S S Cole P P Fraschetti J J Humphrey D D eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Canada Female Humans Japan Male Manometry instrumentation Middle Aged Nose physiology Respiratory Function Tests instrumentation 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780630 1780629 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2006 11 15

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A prospective trial of Merocel packs. 281-5 A prospective trial, comparing Merocel nasal packs and glove finger packs is reported. No statistically significant difference was found in symptoms of nasal obstruction or discomfort, findings of nasal crusting or adhesions, or postoperative bleeding, between nostrils packed with Merocel packs or those packed with glove fingers. Dept. of O.R.L., Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Ruddy J J Brain D D Sudesh R R RR Anand V T VT eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 26876-25-5 polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde foam 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl Alcohol IM Formaldehyde Hemostasis, Surgical instrumentation Humans Nose surgery Polyvinyl Alcohol Prospective Studies Tampons, Surgical 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780629 1780628 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2007 11 15

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Autogenous auricular concha cartilage transplant in corrective rhinoplasty. Practical hints and critical remarks. 273-9 Numerous materials have been suggested for correction of nasal defects, especially for the saddle nose. We present here our experience with the autogenous cartilage transplant from the auricular concha in our collective of 32 patients. The concha cartilage is used for saddle nose corrections and reconstruction of the alar cartilages. Auricular concha cartilage is an almost ideal transplant material for corrective rhinoplasty because: 1. Harvesting of the material is a low-risk procedure that is not time-consuming and can be performed under local anaesthesia. 2. Concha cartilage is stable enough for support and elastic enough for contouring. 3. It can easily be shaped as desired. 4. Concha cartilage shows little tendency towards dislocation. 5. Resorption is negligible and thus plays no role in connection with these transplants. 6. Rejection or infection rarely occurs. Dept. of O.R.L., Free University of Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany. Jovanovic S S Berghaus A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Ear Cartilage transplantation Female Humans Middle Aged Postoperative Complications Rhinoplasty methods 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780628 1780627 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2007 11 15

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology CO2 laser anterior turbinectomy in the treatment of non-allergic vasomotor rhinopathia. A prospective study upon 78 patients. 267-71 Preliminary results obtained in the treatment of non-allergic vasomotor rhinopathia by CO2 laser are presented. A group of 78 subjects, 35 males and 43 females, aged 18-48 years, mean age 27.6 years, were followed: subjective assessment of nasal breathing quality, anterior rhinomanometry, cytologic findings and saccharine test of nasal clearance. The parameters were observed preoperatively and after surgery. A 400 CO2 Surgical Laser Coherent Medical was used (power density, 140 w/cm2). The beam was applied upon the upper medial quadrant of the head of inferior turbinate by a continuous pulse (7-10 sec) through a Carl Zeiss surgical microscope, at a 10x magnification and focal length of 400 mm. The mean preoperative values of the anterior rhinomanometry were 0.669 and 0.851 Pa sec/ccs for inspiration and expiration, respectively. After the surgery, the mean values were even better, i.e. 0.361 Pa sec/ccs for inspiration, and 0.456 Pa sec/ccs for expiration. The morphological and functional conditions of nasal mucosa were also examined. The former was evaluated using cytologic smears of the nasal mucosa layer, and the latter by the saccharine test of nasal clearance. Normal cytologic findings were found preoperatively in 87% of all cases studied. Saccharine test was normal in 67% of cases. After laser surgery, the cytologic findings and saccharine test results were normal in 92% and 89% of cases, respectively. The subjective patients' assessment of nasal patency pointed to obvious success in 41 out 45 subjects treated. Dept. of O.R.L., Zagreb University School of Medicine, Yugoslavia. Mladina R R Risavi R R Subaric M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Laser Therapy Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology surgery Prospective Studies Rhinitis, Vasomotor pathology surgery Turbinates pathology surgery 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780627 1780626 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Legal aspects in nasal fractures. 263-6 A criminal act is involved in a high percentage of cases of nasal fracture, and exact medical information describing the damages found is mandatory for the criminal court. It is necessary, that the medical information are obtained from the ENT-department, where the patient is treated, as the information obtained from the casualty department has a too low degree of truth in the establishment of the diagnosis. The statement should include information on the treatment given, as linear fractures in good position requiring no treatment may be classified legally as an offence against the person rather than as a bodily harm. X-ray examination of the nose in cases of nasal fracture gives a much too high number of false positive and false negative results to have any legal value, and, having no medical value as well, they should not be taken unless for scientific purposes. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Illum P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Denmark Humans Jurisprudence Nasal Bone injuries Skull Fractures diagnosis 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780626 1780625 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Medico-legal aspects in sinus surgery. 257-61 Dept. of O.R.L., University Central Hospital, Nancy, France. Wayoff M M Jankowski R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 1992 Jun;30(2):77-9 1411100 France Humans Iatrogenic Disease Malpractice Paranasal Sinuses surgery 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780625 1780624 1992 03 12 1992 03 12 2004 11 18

0300-0729 29 4 1991 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Ethical problems in rhinologic research. 253-5 Dept. of O.R.L., Malmö General Hospital, University of Lund, Sweden. Toremalm N G NG eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 E IM Consent Forms Ethical Review Ethics, Medical Humans Nose Otolaryngology Research Risk Assessment 41497 Biomedical and Behavioral Research KIE BoB Subject Heading: human experimentation/foreign countries Full author name: Toremalm, NG 1991 12 1 1991 12 1 0 1 1991 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1780624 2251472 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Aneurysmal bone cyst of the maxilla. A case report. 205-8 Dept. of O.R.L., School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan. Takimoto T T Kamide M M Umeda R R eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Bone Cysts pathology surgery Female Humans Maxillary Diseases pathology surgery 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251472 2251471 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The postoperative nasal dressing. A new intranasal splint. 197-203 A new intranasal dressing is presented, which helps avoid discomforts caused by intranasal packings. The splint, made of polypropylene, is introduced into the nasal cavity folded like a tent, achieving a good readaptation of the mucosa and permitting breathing immediately after surgery of the septum. Dept. of O.R.L., Ruhr University Bochum, Fed. Republic of Germany. Bernal-Sprekelsen M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Equipment Design Humans Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Rhinoplasty instrumentation Splints 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251471 2251470 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Assessment of nasal obstruction. A comparison between rhinomanometry and nasal inspiratory peak flow. 191-6 In several conditions objective assessment of nasal obstruction would be of great value. In this study we have compared two different methods for this purpose. Anterior rhinomanometry is a well established method, which measures nasal airway resistance (NAR). This was compared with nasal inspiratory peak flow (NIPF) measured with a Youlten peak flow meter. The assessments were undertaken in patients with allergic rhinitis, before and after challenge with hyperosmolar saline solution. After challenge there was a fall in NIPF value as a mean of 17.4%, that was mirrored by a rise in NAR of 15.6%. There was also a statistically significant negative linear correlation between these two methods (p less than 0.01). We conclude that NIPF is a cheap, easily performed and quick method suitable for assessing nasal airway patency in e.g. allergics during treatment and during challenge. Professional Unit, Institute of Otology and Laryngology, London, United Kingdom. Holmström M M Scadding G K GK Lund V J VJ Darby Y C YC eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Manometry Nasal Obstruction physiopathology Nasal Provocation Tests Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial physiopathology 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251470 2251469 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The influence of palato-cranial base (basomaxillary) angle on the length of the caudal process of the nasal septum in man. 185-9 The authors investigated and defined the relationship between the length of the caudal process of the quadrangular lamina and the palato-cranial base (basomaxillary) angle. The length of the caudal process was measured by an indirect method during surgical exposure in 71 patients with nasal septum deformity. The usual cephalometric reference points were used to form the angle reference lines; the points were marked over X-rays and traced on transparent paper using the "against the light" technique. It was found that the caudal process was longer than 3 cm (range 3.1-4.2 cm, mean value 3.45, standard deviation 0.34) when there existed a palato-cranial base angle; contrary, it was always shorter than 3 cm (range 1.9-3.0 cm, mean value 2.40, standard deviation 0.33) when the reference lines were parallel. That means that the angulation between the reference lines assigning the angle predisposes a longer caudal process, making possible a backward growth of this cartilaginous baton, and therefore the occurrence of some particular types of septal deformities. Finally, the authors suggest another name for the palato-cranial base angle, i.e. the basomaxillary angle, because it is simpler, shorter and still clear enough. Dept. of O.R.L., School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Mladina R R Krajina Z Z eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cephalometry Humans Nasal Septum abnormalities Palate pathology Skull pathology 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251469 2251468 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology CT-scan study of the incidence of sinus involvement and nasal anatomic variations in 196 children. 177-84 CT-scan was used to examine rhinosinusitis in the developing sinuses; 196 children aged from 3 to 14 years were selected on the base of their chronic rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and cough. The patients were subdivided into six age groups (3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12 and 13-14 years). In the youngest age group, the authors noted maxillary involvement in 63%, ethmoidal involvement in 58%, and even sphenoidal sinus involvement in 29% of the children. Involvement decreased gradually with age, with 10% of ethmoidal and 0% of sphenoidal involvement in the 13-14 years age group. Maxillary sinusitis, however, persisted very frequently in the oldest age group (65%). Frontal involvement seems to become significant at the age of 7-8 years (7%) but it never exceeds 15% (11-12 age group). Septal deviations occurred in 16% of the youngest up to 72% in the oldest age group. The prevalence of bullous conchae increased with age too, although less prominently. Dept. of O.R.L., Free University Brussels, Belgium. van der Veken P J PJ Clement P A PA Buisseret T T Desprechins B B Kaufman L L Derde M P MP eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Age Factors Child Child, Preschool Chronic Disease Ethmoid Sinusitis radiography Humans Maxillary Sinusitis radiography Nasal Septum radiography Nose radiography Sinusitis radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251468 2251467 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Blood flow and pulse amplitude in the mucosa of the human maxillary sinus in relation to body posture. 169-76 The paranasal sinuses are non-collapsible ventilated gas pockets without any known function. They should, however, be adequately ventilated to stay healthy. Persons lying in a recumbent body position compared to persons sitting or standing upright have reduced antral mucosal blood flow, a reduction of 35%, and a congested mucosa which reduces both the mucosal gas exchange and the perostial ventilation, creating a more anaerobic antral gas mixture facilitating pathogenic bacterial growth and reduced ciliary activity. It is, therefore, recommendable for patients with sinusitis to treat themselves or be treated in an upright or semi-recumbent body position. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Uppsala, Sweden. Falck B B Svanholm H H Aust R R Bäcklund L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Manometry Maxillary Sinus blood supply Middle Aged Mucous Membrane blood supply physiology Plethysmography Posture Pulse physiology 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251467 2251466 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2005 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal allergy in medical students. 163-8 The incidence of nasal allergy in medical students was studied in our University from 1983 to 1987. Intradermal skin tests were performed using six allergens: house dust (HD), ragweed, Japanese cedar, orchard grass, candida and broncasma berna. 154 out of 471 students (32.7%) had symptoms indicative of nasal allergy. HD and Japanese cedar were the main allergens and their positive rates were 66.4% and 51.0%, respectively in symptomatic cases. However, 34.4% of asymptomatic students also showed positive reactions to HD and 19.6% to Japanese cedar. In nasal provocation tests, 53.8% of symptomatic students who reacted positively to HD skin test showed positive reactions, while even 34.8% of asymptomatic students also showed positive reactions. The same results were obtained for Japanese cedar. It seemed that some asymptomatic students who had positive reactions to skin tests have latent allergies. A long-term follow-up would be necessary for these cases. Dept. of O.R.L., Osaka University Medical School, Japan. Ogino S S Irifune M M Harada T T Matsunaga T T Ishida M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Japan epidemiology Male Nasal Provocation Tests Questionnaires Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis epidemiology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis epidemiology Skin Tests Students, Medical 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251466 2251465 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Septum dislocation in the newborn: a long-term follow-up study of immediate reposition. 159-62 A report on the late outcome of reposition performed for septal dislocation present at birth. 42 cases have been examined 13 to 16 years after the intervention and it has been found that in the majority of patients (69%) the final esthetic and functional results have been satisfactory. Conversely, those cases (31%) where uni- or bilateral obstruction was still present at the time of late control had experienced a markedly increased incidence of upper respiratory infections. The different situations present at birth are indicated and it is stated that cases which tend to recur after repositioning requiring a second intervention and--possibly--unilateral packing are more likely to have an unsatisfactory late outcome. Dept. of O.R.L., Istituto per l'Infanzia, Trieste, Italy. Fior R R Veljak C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Birth Injuries complications Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Infant, Newborn Male Nasal Septum growth & development injuries pathology Respiratory Tract Infections etiology 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251465 2251464 1991 01 16 1991 01 16 2005 11 17

0300-0729 28 3 1990 Sep Rhinology Rhinology IgE-positive mast cells on the human nasal mucosal surface in response to allergen exposure. 149-58 IgE-bearing mediator cells are suggested to be the effector cells in type I allergic rhinitis. These cells can be demonstrated by their granular constituents or by the surface-bound IgE antibodies. We developed immunohistochemical techniques in order to stain the cell-bound IgE using polyclonal or monoclonal anti-human IgE antibodies. These techniques can be applied to nasal biopsies as shown previously or to cytospin specimen harvested by a brush method. They deliver excellent staining results with well-preserved morphological details. Brush samples were taken from 24 grass pollen allergic subjects before season, after a nasal allergen provocation and two weeks after the onset of season. There was a statistically significant increase in toluidine blue positive and IgE-positive cells 24 hours after nasal provocation (app. 12-fold, p less than 0.05) and more pronounced within the season (app. 58-fold, p less than 0.001) compared to preseasonal values. These cells appeared to be mast cells rather than blood basophils judged by morphological criteria. There was a striking correlation between the number of toluidine blue cells and that of IgE-positive cells (r = 0.98). The number of eosinophils also increased due to the seasonal allergen exposure (p less than 0.001), but less pronouncedly compared to the mast cells. These data re-emphasize the migration of IgE-bearing mast cells and eosinophils into the epithelial lining of the nasal mucosa due to allergen interaction and point to a possible role of mast cells as a carrier for IgE-molecules. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Heidelberg, Klinikum Mannheim, F.R.G. Bachert C C Prohaska P P Pipkorn U U eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adult Cell Count Female Humans Immunoglobulin E analysis Male Mast Cells immunology Nasal Mucosa cytology immunology Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology 1990 9 1 1990 9 1 0 1 1990 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2251464 2336528 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2007 11 15

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Laser uvulopalatoplasty in local anaesthesia. A safe approach in the treatment of habitual snoring. 65-6 Haraldsson P O PO Carenfelt C C eng Letter

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Anesthesia, Local Humans Laser Therapy methods Palate, Soft surgery Snoring surgery Uvula surgery 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2336528 2336527 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Surgical treatment of recurrent mucocele of the sphenoid sinus. 61-4 Dept. of O.R.L., St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo. Ohnishi T T Esaki S S Tachibana T T Kaneta K K eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Humans Male Mucocele radiography surgery Recurrence Reoperation Sphenoid Sinus radiography surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2336527 2336526 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2005 11 17

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Diagnostic value of acoustic rhinometry: patients with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis compared with normal controls. 5-16 By means of the acoustic reflection technique, termed acoustic rhinometry, cross-sectional areas along the whole upper airway can be measured by an acoustic click. This paper describes the normal values obtained from 134 probands. The normal curve shows the minimal cross-sectional area (I-notch) to be located at the isthmus nasi. The second narrowest segment of the nasal cavity is located at the head of the inferior concha (C-notch). In patients with turbinate hypertrophy due to allergic or vasomotor rhinitis the minimal cross-sectional area is sited at the head of the inferior turbinate. Furthermore, acoustic rhinometry allows exact measurements of size and location of the congested mucosa following challenge with allergens in patients affected with allergic rhinitis. After anterior turbinoplasty of patients with turbinate hypertrophy improved nasal breathing was associated with an enlargement of the cross-sectional areas at the head of the anterior inferior turbinate. Acoustic rhinometry not only enables to distinguish the various deviations of the nasal structures from normal (valve stenosis, septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, tumour masses) concerning their location and size, but also allows to demonstrate exactly the efficacy of rhinosurgical techniques. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Ulm, Fed. Rep. of Germany. Lenders H H Pirsig W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Hypertrophy Male Methods Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Reference Values Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis pathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis pathology Rhinitis, Vasomotor diagnosis pathology Turbinates pathology surgery 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2336526 2336525 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A comparison of active anterior rhinomanometry and nasometry in the objective assessment of nasal obstruction. 47-53 Nasometry is an objective technique that was originally devised for assessing nasality of speech. It is based on a comparison of the acoustic output from the nose and the mouth for a given spoken word or phrase. Subjects with nasal obstruction tend to have "hyponasal" speech and this study compares the standard technique of active anterior rhinomanometry with nasometry in the objective assessment of nasal obstruction. There was a significant association between the Total Nasal Resistance (TNR) and the nasality measurements using nasophonemically enhanced test phrases in 15 adult subjects. This test has obvious advantages over rhinomanometry which can be difficult, time consuming and unreliable particularly in the younger and severely congested patient. Dept. of O.R.L., Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Parker A J AJ Clarke P M PM Dawes P J PJ Maw A R AR eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Manometry Methods Nasal Obstruction diagnosis 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2336525 2336524 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Anatomy of the upper lateral cartilages in the human newborn. 41-5 The morphology of the upper lateral cartilages in the newborn child was studied by dissection of the nose in two stillborns. It was found that the cartilaginous nasal dorsum extends from the tip of the nose for the full length under the nasal bones and in lateral direction on the inner surface of the frontal process of the maxilla. Septum and upper lateral cartilages form a double vaulted structure as in the fetal stages. The marked differences between the neonate and adult anatomy must be respected in rhino- and facial surgery in young children. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Poublon R M RM Verwoerd C D CD Verwoerd-Verhoef H L HL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage anatomy & histology Humans Infant, Newborn Nasal Septum anatomy & histology Nose anatomy & histology 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2336524 2336523 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Density of epithelial cells in the normal human nose and the paranasal sinus mucosa. A scanning electron microscopic study. 25-32 214 biopsies of mucosa from various sites of the nose and paranasal sinuses were obtained post-mortem and examined using the scanning electron microscope. The density of ciliated cells was increased in the nasal cavity, in the antero-posterior direction. In paranasal sinuses the density of these cells was high, except near the ostium of the maxillary sinus, where the density was decreased by half. Non-ciliated epithelial cells were found in relatively few areas: anterior aspect of the middle and lower turbinates, anterior septum. However, no uniform distribution of these cells was present. The density of goblet cells was significantly lower in the paranasal sinuses as compared to the nasal cavity, with the highest density being found near the ostium of the maxillary sinus. Dept. of O.R.L., Free University of Brussels, Belgium. Halama A R AR Decreton S S Bijloos J M JM Clement P A PA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Epithelium ultrastructure Female Humans Male Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa cytology ultrastructure Paranasal Sinuses cytology ultrastructure 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2336523 2186469 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2005 11 16

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The clinical use of cocaine in rhinosurgery: a case-report and a review. 55-9 Three patients with adverse reactions of the nasal mucosa after topical anaesthesia with crystalline cocaine in combination with adrenaline are described. The current knowledge of the pharmacology of cocaine is summarized. The systemic and local reactions and side-effects of cocaine as topical anaesthetic in rhinosurgery are reviewed. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. Albers F W FW eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-36-2 Cocaine IM Adult Cocaine adverse effects pharmacokinetics Humans Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nasal Obstruction surgery Nose surgery 25 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2186469 1970907 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A cross-over comparison of acrivastine, pseudoephedrine and their combination in seasonal allergic rhinitis. 33-40 In a four period, double-blind cross-over study, forty patients with moderate to severe symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis received in randomised order 8 mg acrivastine, 60 mg pseudoephedrine, 8 mg acrivastine plus 60 mg pseudoephedrine and placebo. Each treatment was given three times daily for six days with a one day washout period between treatments. Acrivastine alone significantly reduced all the symptom severity scores when compared to placebo or pseudoephedrine alone (p less than 0.01). These severity scores were assigned daily by patients for itchy nose/throat, sneezing, running nose, blocked nose, watery eyes, itchy eyes and overall symptoms. The combination of acrivastine and pseudoephedrine was significantly better than either placebo or pseudoephedrine alone in controlling all symptom scores (p less than 0.01) and it was also superior to acrivastine alone (p less than 0.05) in controlling all symptoms except itchy eyes. The results confirm the expected additive rather than synergistic effect of acrivastine and pseudoephedrine in combination. The control of symptoms assessed at the end of each treatment period was considered either excellent or good by 79% of patients and 84% of investigators for acrivastine plus pseudoephedrine and, for acrivastine alone, by 69% of patients and 67% of investigators. Both acrivastine alone and acrivastine and pseudoephedrine in combination were well tolerated. There was no significant difference in the number of adverse experiences reported in either of these two groups compared to the number of adverse experiences reported in the placebo group. HNO-Praxis, Basel, Switzerland. Meran A A Morse J J Gibbs T G TG eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Pyridines 299-42-3 Ephedrine 486-12-4 Triprolidine 87848-99-5 acrivastine IM Adolescent Adult Double-Blind Method Drug Therapy, Combination Ephedrine administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use Female Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Pyridines therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy Triprolidine administration & dosage adverse effects analogs & derivatives therapeutic use 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1970907 1692418 1990 06 13 1990 06 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 28 1 1990 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A comparison of methods for nasal mast cell demonstration. 17-23 Nasal turbinates were studied from 14 rhinitis patients following surgical turbinectomy, and from five subjects at autopsy. Mast cell counts on turbinectomy specimens were compared following staining with toluidine blue or Alcian blue and safranin after fixation in either paraformaldehyde or neutral buffered formalin. Mast cell numbers were significantly greater in the superficial submucosa than in the epithelium or deep submucosa in both the rhinitis group and the autopsy subjects. The combination of PFA fixation and ABS staining gave maximum mast cell counts, revealed two morphological mast cell sub-types and gave optimal demonstration of nasal tissue. Nasal mast cells are thus not uniformly distributed, appear heterogeneous under light microscopy, are present in large numbers even in the elderly, and are best demonstrated using PFA fixation and ABS staining. Dept. of Anatomy, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Trotter C M CM Salter D M DM Wilson J A JA Hall G H GH eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Histological Techniques Humans Male Mast Cells pathology Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Staining and Labeling methods Turbinates pathology 1990 3 1 1990 3 1 0 1 1990 3 1 0 0 ppublish 1692418 2385780 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Unilateral and bilateral nasal resistances: a supplement. 91-5 Three hundred and thirty-four measurements of bilateral and unilateral nasal resistance (at delta P 1.0 cm H2O and by time averaging) in 233 adults were carried out by posterior rhinomanometry with a head-out body plethysmograph. Total nasal resistances, calculated by the equation of Ohm's Law for parallel resistors from measured unilateral resistances, were compared with measured total nasal resistances. The time averaged total nasal resistances calculated by use of Ohm's Law for parallel resistors were closer to direct measurements than resistances at delta P 1.0 cm H2O calculated from the same equation. We attempted to fit calculated total nasal resistance with direct measurements by modification of the equation of Ohm's Law for parallel resistors to T = 0.96[R x L/(R + L)]0.92 in the time averaged nasal resistance and T = 1.07[R x L/(R + L)]0.77 in resistance at delta P 1.0 cm H2O (T: total nasal resistance, R: nasal resistance on the right side, L: nasal resistance on the left side). Calculated total nasal resistances from the above equations agreed closely with direct measurements. Dept. of O.R.L., Fujita-Gakuen Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan. Naito K K Cole P P Humphrey D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry Nasal Cavity physiology Plethysmography, Whole Body 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2385780 2385779 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology 'Medical rhinoplasty' in nasal sarcoidosis. 137-9 Dept. of O.R.L., Charing Cross Hospital, London, U.K. Milford C A CA Mugliston T T Lund V J VJ eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-02-2 Dexamethasone 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Adult Dexamethasone therapeutic use Female Humans Nose Diseases drug therapy Prednisolone therapeutic use Sarcoidosis drug therapy 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2385779 2385778 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Inflammatory pseudotumour of the maxillary sinus mimicking malignancy. 123-7 Dept. of O.R.L., School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan. Takimoto T T Kathoh T T Ohmura T T Kamide M M Nishimura T T Umeda R R eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Aged, 80 and over Fibroma diagnosis pathology Humans Male Maxillary Sinus pathology Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis pathology Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2385778 2385777 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The influence of the Le Fort I osteotomy on nasal airway resistance. 107-12 Pre- and postoperative rhinomanometric measurements were done on 13 patients by whom a Le Fort I osteotomy was performed. The claim that Le Fort I osteotomies may produce deleterious respiratory effects in the form of an increase in nasal airway resistance was investigated. The results are discussed. Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. de Mol van Otterloo J J JJ Leezenberg J A JA Tuinzing D B DB van der Kwast W A WA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry Maxilla surgery Nasal Cavity physiology Osteotomy adverse effects Postoperative Care Preoperative Care 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2385777 2385776 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Local anaesthetic block therapy of posttraumatic neuralgia of the infraorbital nerve. 103-6 The pathogenesis, as well as the results of treatment in 12 patients with neuralgia of the infraorbital nerve are discussed. Patients were treated by means of local anaesthetic nerve blocks, or when this was unsuccessful, by transcutaneous nerve stimulation and or tricyclic antidepressive drugs. In this way, the results were good in previously untreated patients, while they were moderate in patients in whom an attempt to treat with surgery had been carried out earlier. We recommend the use of local anaesthetic nerve blocks as treatment of the first choice. Dept. of O.R.L., Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. de Vries N N Smelt W L WL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic 2180-92-9 Bupivacaine IM Adult Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic therapeutic use Bupivacaine Cranial Nerve Diseases etiology therapy Female Humans Male Maxillary Nerve injuries Nerve Block Neuralgia therapy Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2385776 2201081 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2005 11 16

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity. 129-36 Hemangiopericytomas are unusual vascular tumours that rarely occur in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. They are thought to arise from pericytes that surround capillaries, however, there is no proven etiology of these tumours. The diagnosis cannot be made based on gross morphologic characteristics nor on frozen section biopsy. Instead, the diagnosis is dependent on careful histologic examination and reticulum staining. The diagnosis can be confirmed by electron microscopy. The histologic picture is greatly varied from tumour to tumour and within a given tumour itself. The clinical course of hemangiopericytomas ranges from benign to malignant with possible distant metastases and cannot be reliably predicted by histologic criteria. Hemangiopericytomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses are thought to behave less aggressively than those occurring in other parts of the body. Lymph node metastasis is rare and elective neck dissection is not indicated. The accepted treatment of these tumours is wide surgical excision, however adequate surgical margins are usually difficult in the sinonasal region. As a result, hemangiopericytomas can exhibit a high recurrence rate. Therefore, it is mandatory that these patients be followed carefully for the remainder of their lives. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City. Reiner S A SA Siegel G J GJ Clark K F KF Min K W KW eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Hemangiopericytoma epidemiology pathology Humans Male Nasal Cavity pathology Nose Neoplasms epidemiology pathology 16 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2201081 2201080 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology History of rhinology: nasal specula around the turn of the 19th-20th century. 113-22 This review is an excursion into the past to find the prototypes of the various nasal specula around the beginning of our century. The oldest prototype is documented in the ancient Hindu text Sushruta-samhita (6th century BC): a tubular nasal speculum. The bivalved forceps-like nasal speculum was mentioned by Hippocrates and can be followed with and without self-retaining mechanisms to the modifications of Killian and of Cottle. U- or Y-shaped springlike devices to open the nares have been known since the publication of Arnold de Villanova from the 13th century. They were reintroduced in a modification by Thudichum in 1868. Fraenkel's speculum (1872) combines fenestrated blades with a screw-set for self-retaining. Duply (1868) modified the split and funnel-shaped ear speculum of Bonnafont, the branches of which can be varied by a screw. In addition to this description of the prototypes of specula a short development of the facilities to illuminate the inner nose is given starting with the sun light and ending with the glass fiberoptic. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Ulm, Fed. Republic of Germany. Pirsig W W eng Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q Europe Greece History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Humans Otolaryngology history instrumentation Rome 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2201080 2166969 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2005 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Recurrence in juvenile angiofibroma. 97-102 A potential for recurrence of juvenile angiofibroma exists after all treatment modalities, both surgical and medical but the methods of defining recurrence and failure to cure varies considerably from series to series. To evaluate factors which might influence successful treatment, a series of 33 patients have been reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated by simple or extended lateral rhinotomy as a primary or secondary procedure. The final long-term disease control rate was 97% but during the treatment period the overall symptomatic recurrence rate was 50%. However, amongst those treated primarily the recurrence rate was 34%. Of the factors examined, the strongest predictor of recurrence was preoperative embolisation. This group exhibited both early and multiple recurrence when compared with the non-embolised group and the possible reasons for this are examined. Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London, United Kingdom. McCombe A A Lund V J VJ Howard D J DJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Embolization, Therapeutic Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous epidemiology therapy Humans Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms epidemiology therapy Neoplasm Recurrence, Local epidemiology Nose surgery Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Time Factors 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2166969 2143593 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Vasomotor rhinitis and the systemic absorption of ipratropium bromide. 83-9 Plasma concentrations of nasally administered ipratropium bromide were analyzed in 10 subjects suffering from severe vasomotor rhinitis and 10 age-sex matched control subjects. The rate of salivary secretion and heart rate were monitored in order to measure systemic anticholinergic effects. A total dose of 360 micrograms of ipratropium bromide (60 micrograms into each nostril, repeated twice at 15 min intervals) were administered nasally to the subjects in randomized order. Ipratropium bromide was rapidly absorbed from the nasal mucosa into the systemic circulation in both groups. The peak plasma concentrations were detected within 10 min after the last drug administration. The peak concentrations were about 50% higher (380 +/- 153 pg/ml) in patients than in control subjects (245 +/- 134 pg/ml). The AUCs/0-15 min (1970 +/- 1140 pg/ml X min) in patients were about 100% higher than in the control subjects (960 +/- 560 pg/ml X min). During the experiment there was a small decrease in the heart rate (8 bpm) and salivary secretion (10%) in both groups. In conclusion, the vasomotor rhinitis increases the systemic absorption of nasally administered ipratropium bromide, but the small increase in the absorption is not likely to have any clinical consequences. Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Finland. Kaila T T Suonpää J J Grénman R R Iisalo E E eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Atropine Derivatives 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols Atropine Derivatives pharmacokinetics Female Heart Rate drug effects Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage pharmacokinetics therapeutic use Male Nasal Mucosa metabolism Rhinitis, Vasomotor drug therapy 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2143593 2143592 1990 09 18 1990 09 18 2007 11 15

0300-0729 28 2 1990 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of non-allergic nasal hypersecretion with ipratropium and beclomethasone. 77-81 The effect of ipratropium and beclomethasone administered as nasal aerosols was compared in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, cross-over designed study. Twenty-four patients with non-allergic, watery hypersecretion participated in the trial. According to the patients' daily registration of nasal symptoms, no significant difference could be found between the two drugs. It was not possible to characterize patients who would benefit from treatment with either ipratropium or beclomethasone. Dept. of O.R.L., Malmö General Hospital, University of Lund, Sweden. Jessen M M Bylander A A eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Atropine Derivatives 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Administration, Inhalation Aerosols Atropine Derivatives therapeutic use Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Rhinitis, Vasomotor drug therapy 1990 6 1 1990 6 1 0 1 1990 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2143592 2293326 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Proboscis lateralis, a rare malformation. 285-9 Dept. of O.R.L., University of Ioannina, Greece. Skevas A A Tsoulias T T Papadopoulos N N Assimakopoulos D D eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Infant, Newborn Nose abnormalities pathology surgery 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293326 2293325 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Giant cell reparative granuloma. A report of an isolated lesion arising from the nasal septum. 281-4 Otolaryngology-Sub-regional Centre, Sunderland Health Authority, United Kingdom. Amin H H HH Samuel P R PR eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Biopsy Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea etiology Granuloma, Giant Cell complications pathology Humans Male Nasal Obstruction etiology Nasal Septum pathology Nose Diseases complications pathology Olfaction Disorders etiology 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293325 2293324 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology History of rhinology: functional surgery of the nose in France at the turn of the century. 275-80 The first reference to an attempt at functional surgery of the nose which we have discovered in France concerns Blandin (Paris 1798-1849) who "corrected" septal deviations with a punch; one arm is introduced into each nostril. Heylen performed a submucous resection in 1847, Chassaignac in 1851 and Demarquay in 1859 through the external median columellar route. In 1876 Richet carried out a resection of the deviated septum after having elevated the whole cartilaginous pyramid, achieved by a horizontal incision of the base of the columella. Paul Berger recommended, in 1883, a subperichondrial chisel resection of the salient part of the septum. In 1888, Miot approached septal thickening with galvano-caustic chemicals using metal plates or through a method called galvano-puncture. In 1892 Escat resected the cartilaginous arch and its corresponding mucosa after having separated the contralateral mucosa with injected water. In 1903, Caboche referred to both operations used at that time to correct cartilaginous septal deviations, e.g. Petersen's operations (submucous resection) and Asch's operation (fracture with repositioning). In 1905, Blanc distinguished between three types of operations: 1. Procedures based upon the fracturing the septum or its straightening and its maintenance with a splint. 2. Procedures designed in order to overcome the elasticity of the cartilage by making incisions followed by its retention in place. 3. Submucous resection of the cartilage based upon the principle that the septum is too big for its surroundings. In 1917, Dangouloff and Woyatchek developed a septoplasty technique, many modern operations being only pale copies of theirs. It consisted of four possibilities: mobilization, straightening, circular resection and partial resection. Willemot J J eng Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q France History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans Nose surgery Otolaryngology history Surgical Instruments history 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293324 2293323 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal resistance values in the adult Negroid Nigerian. 269-73 Nasal resistance values have been documented quantitatively in adult Caucasians and Asians and have been found to be similar. The possibility of there being a difference in these values in the African due to anthropological and climatic differences has been examined and found to be untenable. The values thus obtained for the Negroid African was found to be similar to that obtained for the Caucasian and Asian. Dept. of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Babatola F D FD eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Airway Resistance physiology Female Humans Male Manometry Nigeria Nose physiology 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293323 2293322 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mucociliary function in the early weeks after nasal surgery. 265-8 A prospective trial was carried out to assess whether mucociliary clearance (MCC) is either adversely affected or improved in the early weeks after nasal surgery. Three different subgroups of patients were studied: those having septoplasty, nasal polypectomy, or turbinectomy. MCC was assessed by the saccharine transport method. 40% of patients with deviated nasal septum, 59% of patients with nasal polyps, and 75% of patients with chronic rhinitis refractory to medical treatment (turbinectomy group) had abnormal MCC pre-operatively. At three weeks after operation there was no significant improvement or deterioration in MCC either in the whole patient population or in any of the three subgroups. Persisting mucociliary dysfunction may be an important factor in causing post-operative stasis of secretions, crusting, secondary infection, delayed healing, and patient discomfort. Dept. of Otolaryngology, University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Shone G R GR Yardley M P MP Knight L C LC eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mucociliary Clearance physiology Nasal Obstruction etiology physiopathology surgery Nasal Polyps complications physiopathology surgery Nasal Septum physiopathology surgery Postoperative Period Rhinitis complications physiopathology surgery 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293322 2293321 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Cross-sectional area as a measure of nasal resistance. 257-64 The possibility of using cross-sectional area as a measure of nasal resistance was investigated with an equation based on hydraulic principles that link the area of a constriction in an airway to the pressure gradient and flow rate of air passing through it. Experiments with anatomical models of the nasal cavity confirmed the area of the nasal valve could be measured from simple pressure and flow data with a mean error of 3.5 mm2 (SD = 2.2). The software of a clinical rhinomanometer was then modified to incorporate this equation. Initial tests with a series of substitute airway constrictions of known area indicated the rhinomanometer could then use pressure and flow data to derive the area of each constriction with a mean error of 1.4 mm2 (SD = 0.9). Using this modification during rhinomanometry on 18 adults with subjectively clear nasal airways, a mean value for the narrowest area of the combined nasal cavities was found to be 48 mm2 (SD = 13.7) and results from 17 subjects complaining of nasal obstruction produced a mean narrowest area of 27 mm2 (SD = 11.8). Thus, this system can accurately derive area from data normally gathered from rhinomanometry and the value is constant over a range of pressure gradients and flow rates. The advantages of considering nasal obstruction in terms of area are discussed. Dept. of O.R.L., Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Rivron R P RP eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance physiology Humans Manometry Models, Biological Nasal Cavity physiology 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293321 2293320 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mequitazine and dexchlorpheniramine in perennial rhinitis. A double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled study. 249-56 The therapeutic effect and adverse reactions of two antihistamines, mequitazine and dexchlorpheniramine were double-blindly compared both to placebo, to each other and to the pre-treatment status in 29 adult patients suffering from perennial rhinitis. Dexchlorpheniramine relieved the rhinitis symptoms significantly (p less than 0.01) better compared to placebo while mequitazine did not differ from placebo. 20 out of 29 patients chose dexchlorpheniramine as their favourite drug. Dexchlorpheniramine reduced all the separate symptoms studied (obstruction, rhinorrhoea, sneezing) significantly, mequitazine relieving merely rhinorrhoea. In anterior rhinoscopy mucosal congestion was reduced both by dexhlorpheniramine (p less than 0.01) and by mequitazine (p less than 0.05) but secretion or lividity showed no difference between the active drugs and placebo. The occurrence of side-effects was not significantly different between the drugs. In controlling perennial rhinitis symptoms mequitazine was markedly inferior to dexchlorpheniramine and only slightly better than placebo. Dept. of Otolaryngology, Tampere University Central Hospital, Finland. Pukander J S JS Karma P H PH Penttilä M A MA Perälä M E ME Ylitalo P P Kataja M J MJ eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Phenothiazines 132-22-9 Chlorpheniramine 25523-97-1 dexchlorpheniramine 29216-28-2 mequitazine IM Adolescent Adult Chlorpheniramine adverse effects therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Phenothiazines adverse effects therapeutic use Placebo Effect Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Skin Tests 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293320 2293319 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Cross-sectional anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. A correlative study of computer tomographic images and cryosections. 221-30 Anatomic relations in the nose and paranasal sinuses have been studied in computer tomographic images and cryosections, to highlight some details that are of importance for the functional nasal surgeon. From three heads the sections were obtained in three perpendicular planes (coronal, axial and sagittal). The most interesting sections are depicted in three ways: a computer tomographic image, the surface photography of the tissue block in the microtome and a stained section of 20 microns. A number of interesting relations that are clearly depicted are discussed. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Philippou M M Stenger G M GM Goumas P D PD Hillen B B Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose anatomy & histology radiography Paranasal Sinuses anatomy & histology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2293319 1981398 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of Xylometazoline on the mucosa of human maxillary sinus. 239-47 A stuffy and running nose are two of the most expressed symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis and have made the use of decongestants very common. The medication, oral or nasal, gives relief from symptoms but its effect on the healing of the infection, positive or negative, is not clear. The effect of Xylometazoline on the blood flow, the pulse amplitude and the gas exchange in the antral mucosa of the maxillary sinus was studied in five healthy subjects. Our experiments show that the mucosal pulse amplitude and the blood flow are strongly reduced by insufflation of Xylometazoline but the gas exchange in the mucosa is only lowered to a minor extent. The reduction in gas exchange is not great enough to allow the gas mixture to be altered. The defence mechanisms in the antral mucosal lining, i.e. the mucociliary-, the immuno- and the phagocytotic mechanisms are all dependent on the blood flow and the gas exchange through narrow maxillary ostia of the pumping effect generated by the mucosal pulse wave. The reduction in blood flow and pulse amplitude in the maxillary mucosa caused by Xylometazoline leads us to consider that, although not harmful then it is at least not helpful, in healing rhinosinusitis. Since oral decongestants have almost the same effect on the mucosa as nasal decongestants, we do not think that any of the medicines faciliate the healing of infections in the upper airways even if they make the patient feel better during the infection. Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Falck B B Svanholm H H Aust R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists 0 Imidazoles 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Adrenergic alpha-Agonists pharmacology Adult Female Humans Imidazoles pharmacology Male Maxillary Sinus drug effects physiology Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Plethysmography 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1981398 1705719 1991 04 08 1991 04 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 28 4 1990 Dec Rhinology Rhinology ASA-induced release of histamine from nasal mucous membranes in analgesic intolerance and polyposis nasi. 231-8 Tissue samples from the polypous mucous membrane and the inferior nasal concha were taken from 13 patients with polyposis nasi and from 12 other patients with an additional intolerance to analgesics. The tissue of the inferior nasal concha from patients without polyposis nasi served as a control. The relative histamine content of the samples (in ng/mg dry weight) and the relative histamine release (in %) after addition of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were determined. A significantly higher relative histamine content in the tissue samples of polyp patients without an intolerance to analgesics was seen in comparison to the other two groups. The relative histamine release of both patient groups with nasal polyposis was comparable. The control group exhibited both an increased spontaneous release of histamine as well as a higher relative histamine release from the tissue of the inferior nasal concha. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany. Hosemann W G WG Baenkler H W HW Günther F F eng Comparative Study In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-78-2 Aspirin IM Adult Aspirin adverse effects pharmacology Drug Tolerance Female Histamine Release drug effects Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Nasal Polyps physiopathology surgery Turbinates drug effects surgery 1990 12 1 1990 12 1 0 1 1990 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1705719 2700242 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology History of rhinology: anatomy of the paranasal sinuses. 197-210 The knowledge of the presence of the paranasal sinuses dates back to early mankind as well as attempts to treat their diseases. Apart from the sensory function of smell, however, little has been known about the function and especially the anatomy of the system till the end of the last century. Until the late middle ages sometimes obscure functions were attributed to the sinuses, like holding the "grease" for the movement of the eyeballs, or allowing the brain to "drain its bad spirits" to the outer world, bringing about names like "la cloaca del cerebro" by Sansovino in the 16th century. The old French expression of "rhume de cerveau" demonstrates these ideas having passed on into modern man's vocabulary. During the 17th and 18th century discussion was mainly about the function or purpose of the sinuses, and the rare anatomical studies were meant to support or prove one or the other "philosophies". Today's knowledge of the anatomy to a great deal goes back to the basic work of Emil Zuckerkandl of Austria, who starting from the 1870s described in subtile studies the anatomical and development details of the nose and the sinuses, opening an entire new field for scientific and surgical approach to the area. The decades around the turn of the century boost with studies on sectional and surgical anatomy, creating the specialty of rhinology and leading into our modern concepts of diagnosis and therapy of nasal and paranasal sinus diseases. Names like Grünwald, Onodi, Hajek and many others are closely linked with this creative period. Radiology, especially the development of conventional and computed tomography during the last two decades helped to "rediscover" the fascinating details and complex connections of the paranasal sinus system. Together with the development of the operating microscope and the endoscope this helped to open new ways for functional approaches and less radical microsurgery. University E.N.T. Hospital, Graz, Austria. Stammberger H H eng Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, Ancient Humans Medical Illustration Otolaryngology history Paranasal Sinuses anatomy & histology radiography 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2700242 2637477 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Better sleep with dilated nose. 211-3 Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital of Göteborg, Sweden. Petruson B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Dilatation instrumentation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mouth Breathing therapy Nose Sleep Snoring therapy 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2637477 2637476 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Acinic cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity: a case report. 191-6 Dept. of O.R.L., School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Tokyo, Japan. Takimoto T T Kano M M Umeda R R eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Carcinoma Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology Salivary Gland Neoplasms Salivary Glands pathology Salivary Glands, Minor pathology 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2637476 2637475 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Sublabial rhinotomy in the management of sinonasal inverted papilloma. 187-90 Dept. of O.R.L., University of Turku, Finland. Siivonen L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Female Humans Lip Male Methods Middle Aged Nose surgery Nose Neoplasms surgery Papilloma surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2637475 2637474 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Clinical study on bacteria detected in the upper and lower respiratory tracts in patients with sinobronchial syndrome. 169-78 The authors examined bacteria to confirm the pathogenesis of sinobronchial syndrome (SBS). There were several theories such as the pus-descending, the pus-ascending, the coinciding theory and so on. Detection of bacteria was performed in SBS patients, empyema patients with no lower respiratory disease, and healthy adults. Considering SBS bacteriologically from the obtained results, the authors consider that internal infections of aerobic gram-negative bacteria of the normal flora mainly including Haemophilus influenzae possibly develop in two directions, downward and upward (into nasal cavities) from the pharynx, and so the pathogenesis of SBS might not be explained satisfactorily by either the ascending or the descending theory alone. Dept. of O.R.L., Nara Medical College, Japan. Matsunaga T T Yamamoto H H Akioka K K Yakata R R Ohta K K Ohhira S S Narita N N Sawaki M M Mikami R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bacteria isolation & purification Bronchial Diseases microbiology Chronic Disease Empyema microbiology Female Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria isolation & purification pathogenicity Humans Male Middle Aged Sinusitis microbiology Suppuration microbiology Syndrome 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2637474 2637473 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between body posture and pressure in occluded maxillary sinus of man. 161-7 One of the most common symptoms in sinusitis is pain over the infected cavity increasing when the patient is bending forward or lying down. It is commonly thought that this increase in pain is a result of increased pressure in the paranasal cavities when bending forward. In this investigation we have found that changing the body position from sitting to recumbent or even to "head between knees" gives a manometrical pressure rise in the sinus that is too small to cause a pressure-mediated pain. The pain is probably caused by a dilation in the blood vessels of the infected mucosa when the patient is bending forward or lying down. Dept. of O.R.L., Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Falck B B Svanholm H H Aust R R Bäcklund L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM S Adult Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus physiopathology Middle Aged Pain physiopathology Posture physiology Pressure Sinusitis physiopathology 90280906 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2637473 2637472 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Is inhalation therapy noxious to the ciliated nasal epithelium? 155-9 It is well known from in vitro studies that the functional state of the ciliary epithelium is temperature-dependent. The ciliary beat is irreversibly arrested above about 40-45 degrees C. We exposed 30 volunteers to inhalation therapy with hot moist vapour of about 50 degrees C. The functional state of the nasal mucosa was assessed by counting ciliary beat frequency and the percentage of dead and vital ciliated cells from a vital cytological sampling of the nose before and after treatment. The percentage of vital cells was the same whereas the ciliary beat frequency rose significantly. It is discussed that in the mucosal layer temperatures are not as high as in the inhaled vapour due to the air-conditioning capacity of the nose. Dept. of O.R.L., Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Fed. Republic of Germany. Deitmer T T Broer E E Durweiler B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cilia physiology Humans Nasal Mucosa physiology Nebulizers and Vaporizers adverse effects Respiratory Therapy adverse effects 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2637472 2561576 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2005 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Juvenile angiofibroma--imaging techniques in diagnosis. 179-85 Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London, United Kingdom. Lund V J VJ Lloyd G A GA Howard D J DJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous diagnosis radiography Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms diagnosis radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2561576 2561575 1990 07 13 1990 07 13 2005 11 17

0300-0729 27 3 1989 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Surgical treatment of angiofibromas of the nasopharynx--34 cases. 149-54 Between 1966 and 1987 we have treated 34 angiofibromas. The patients were between 9 to 28 years of age (average 16.5 years). The tumour extension was determined formerly by tomography and angiography, but these two methods have been replaced by angioscanning, which give the best results. Nineteen patients were classified stage I, fourteen stage II and one stage III. The surgical approach was transmaxillary in most cases. After tumour resection, two local recurrences were seen and a second operation was necessary to achieve a definitive cure in these patients. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Lille, France. Piquet J J JJ Chevalier D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous pathology surgery Humans Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms pathology surgery Neoplasm Staging Radionuclide Angiography 1989 9 1 1989 9 1 0 1 1989 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2561575 2787046 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2010 11 18

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Differential diagnosis of purulent and non-purulent acute maxillary sinusitis in young adults. 53-61 In acute maxillary sinusitis, purulence could best be assessed from sinus washings, but evaluation based on aspirates was also reliable, provided that the amount of secretion was adequate. Injection-aspirates were of negligible diagnostic value in this respect. Sinus washings and aspirates which were clinically defined as purulent were almost invariably indicative of bacterial infection. The bacterial etiology was most accurately obtained by sinus aspiration. Only 14.5% of cultured specimens were negative for pathogenic bacteria. In maxillary sinusitis, judged to be non-purulent, 52.5% of cultures grew a pathogen. The most common pathogen was Haemophilus influenzae, which accounted for 90% of these isolations. There was a clear correlation between occurrence of many PMNs and pathogen positive culture in non-purulent cases. Thus, antimicrobial therapy which is effective against Haemophilus influenzae seems indicated in most cases of non-purulent maxillary sinusitis. Dept. of O.R.L., Central Military Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Savolainen S S Ylikoski J J Jousimies-Somer H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Diagnosis, Differential Haemophilus Infections diagnosis pathology Haemophilus influenzae Humans Maxillary Sinus Sinusitis diagnosis pathology Suction Suppuration Therapeutic Irrigation 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2787046 2740724 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Septorhinoplastic procedures versus submucous resection of the septum, using septum perforation as an indicator. 63-6 Comparison of the results following submucous resection (SMR) and septoplastic surgery has shown that significantly more perforations of the nasal septum develop after the latter than the former procedure. However, submucosal resection of the septum is a rapid, but traumatic surgical method, which has its merits in duration and tradition. It has been described in textbooks from edition to edition in an unchanged form. The main drawbacks are that SMR leads to mucosal atrophy, a high rate of septum perforation, and conchal hypertrophy. Septorhinoplastic procedures are more time-consuming and require considerable study, training and knowledge of various surgical approaches. However, the advantages of these procedures in the long-term are in the light of the above mentioned drawbacks, evident. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Odense, Denmark. Schønsted-Madsen U U Stoksted P E PE Outzen K E KE eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Clinical Competence Humans Nasal Septum surgery Nose Diseases etiology Postoperative Complications Rhinoplasty methods Ulcer 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2740724 2740723 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Experimental studies on the relationship between maxillary sinus ventilation and various obstructions of the nose and nasopharynx. 37-43 The relationship of the nasal and the antral ventilation was studied with a plastinated model of a human nose. The effects of adenoidal hyperplasia and septal deviations on the antral ventilation were measured. It could be demonstrated that the aerodynamic effect of an obstruction within the nasal cavity largely depends on the localisation of the stenosis (anterior or posterior to the maxillary ostium). Additionally, the influence of an ostial obstruction on the antral ventilation was examined in dependence on the nasal ventilation. We were able to demonstrate that the antral pressure variations not only reflect the ostial function but as well the total aerodynamics of the upper respiratory tract. From this point of view we discuss diagnostic and therapeutic conclusions. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, West-Germany. Bachert C C Ganzer U U eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction physiopathology Humans Maxillary Sinus physiopathology Models, Biological Nasopharyngeal Diseases physiopathology Pulmonary Ventilation 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2740723 2740722 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Amyloid-like protein in children with rhinoscleroma. 27-36 Mucosal specimens from two children with rhinoscleroma have been investigated by light-, fluorescent- and electron microscopy. Amyloid-like protein was found, located not only in the vessel walls but also impregnated in the basic substance of the connective tissue. In this paper the genesis of this protein is discussed, assuming that it could be a result of auto-immune reactions. Scientific Institute of O.R.L., Medical Academy Sofia, Bulgaria. Karchev T T Kabakchiev P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Amyloid 0 Autoantibodies 0 Proteins IM Adolescent Amyloid metabolism Autoantibodies immunology Child Humans Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Fluorescence Nasal Mucosa metabolism ultrastructure Proteins metabolism Rhinoscleroma immunology metabolism pathology 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2740722 2740721 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Particle deposition efficiency of therapeutic aerosols in the human maxillary sinus. 17-26 The deposition efficiency of therapeutic aerosol particles in the human maxillary sinus is evaluated both in the human body and in a model cast of the upper airway. In the experiments, three sample materials, such as mono-dispersed polystyrene latex particles, aqueous glucose solution and pure water, in the range of particle diameter of from 0.5 to 15.8 microns, are employed in the model cast. The radioactive labelled aerosol particle is also used in the human body. From the results of the experiment, it is confirmed that even though the maxillary sinus is a closed hollow organ, aerosol flow is able to be induced only when the pressure gradient is applied between the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus. In this case, the particle deposition is is explained in relationship to the inertia impaction of the aerosol particles on the inside wall of the maxillary sinus. The total deposition efficiencies and the deposited particle sizes in the sinus area for both experiments, with the model and in the human body, are almost the same at 3%, and 3-10 microns in diameter, respectively. A physical model for this particle deposition suggests that these experimental values change not only with the size distributions of therapeutic particles and the pressure gradient, but also with the diameter of the sinus ostium. Moreover, since the therapeutic particle might not enter the maxillary sinus when the diameter of the sinus ostium canal is less than 1 mm, some pretreatment to open the sinus ostium canal would be necessary before applying such aerosol therapy in practice. E.N.T. Clinic, Kyoto, Japan. Hyo N N Takano H H Hyo Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Polystyrenes 50-99-7 Glucose 7732-18-5 Water IM Aerosols Airway Resistance Glucose Humans Maxillary Sinus physiology Models, Anatomic Models, Biological Particle Size Polystyrenes Pulmonary Ventilation Water 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2740721 2740720 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Septal perforations--prosthetic and surgical treatment. 11-5 Septal perforations 4 mm or less in diameter have been successfully closed in eight out of ten patients with interposition of fascia temporalis. Larger perforations could, however, not be closed with this technique. Silicone buttons were helpful in half of the patients with perforations 5-20 mm. In larger ones they were not tolerated. With the vestibuloconchal flap technique perforations 7-20 mm were closed or markedly improved in four out of eight cases. Our conclusion is that small septal perforations should primarily be operated upon, whereas larger ones should initially be treated with silicone buttons. If uncomfortable, surgery may be successful. A preferred technique for larger perforations, however, cannot be recommended. Dept. of O.R.L., Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. Haye R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Silicone Elastomers IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Prostheses and Implants Rhinoplasty methods Silicone Elastomers Surgical Flaps Ulcer surgery 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2740720 2662350 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2005 11 16

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Reconstruction of the nasal septum and dorsum by cartilage transplants--autogeneic or allogeneic? 5-10 Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. Huizing E H EH Mackay I S IS Rettinger G G eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cartilage transplantation Child Female Humans Male Nasal Septum surgery Transplantation, Autologous Transplantation, Homologous 6 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2662350 2472667 1989 08 08 1989 08 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 1 1989 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Computer averaged nasal resistance. 45-52 Nasal resistances were measured before and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa by posterior rhinomanometry with a head-out body plethysmograph in 95 adults referred to our nasal airflow laboratory. These resistances were calculated by a time averaging method (1), the equation R = delta P/V at delta P 1.0 cm H2O (2) and R = delta P/V at the point of peak flow (3), and the results were compared. Correspondence between resistances from the time averaging method and those from the equation R = delta P/V at delta 1.0 cm H2O, the equation R = delta P/0.83V1.33 was obtained with statistical significance (P less than 0.001) and it is suggested that the value of resistance from the time averaging method represents transitional airflow. At resistances less than 3.5 cm H2O/L/sec, the time averaging method and the equation R = delta P/V at delta 1.0 cm H2O and at peak flow produced almost identical values. At resistances greater than 3.5 cm H2O/L/sec, the time averaging method produced values equivalent to those from the equation R = delta P/V at peak flow but values from the equation R = delta P/V at delta P 1.0 cm H2O different from the former two methods. The results suggest that nasal resistances from the time averaging method and the equation R = delta P/V at the point of peak flow are appropriate expression of nasal patency. Dept. of O.R.L., Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Naito K K Cole P P Chaban R R Humphrey D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Adolescent Adult Airway Obstruction drug therapy physiopathology Airway Resistance drug effects Computers Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Decongestants therapeutic use Nose physiopathology Plethysmography 1989 3 1 1989 3 1 0 1 1989 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2472667 2781219 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in normal, allergic and virus induced nasal secretions. 97-103 Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI), both inhibitors of granulocyte elastase, were studied in nasal secretions from healthy persons and from patients with allergic rhinitis and common cold. SLPI and granulocyte elastase were found in all samples, while alpha-1-PI was lacking in several. In all three groups SLPI was found in an active form and in excess of granulocyte elastase, which thus was completely inhibited. The results indicate that SLPI is the main inhibitor in nasal secretions and that alpha-1-PI plays a minor role. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden. Fryksmark U U Jannert M M Ohlsson K K Tegner H H Wihl J A JA eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Protease Inhibitors EC 3.4.21.36 Pancreatic Elastase IM Common Cold metabolism Granulocytes enzymology Humans Nasal Mucosa secretion Pancreatic Elastase analysis Protease Inhibitors analysis Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal metabolism 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2781219 2781218 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal obstruction in the neonate. 91-6 At birth, the neonate is an obligate nasal breather and any compromise of the nasal passages is potentially life threatening. It is important for the otorhinolaryngologist to quickly recognize and manage even subtle constrictions or obstructions of the nasal passages in this age group. Many times the nasal airway is disregarded as the source of airway difficulty if small catheters can be passed. Conversely, the inability to pass nasal catheters is often arbitrarily diagnosed as choanal atresia or stenosis. This limited outlook can delay appropriate therapy. The differential diagnosis of nasal obstruction in the neonate is presented wit emphasis on evaluation of nasal obstruction in anatomically normal appearing noses. Dept. of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Shott S R SR Myer C M CM 3rd Willis R R Cotton R T RT eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction diagnosis therapy Diagnosis, Differential Humans Infant, Newborn Nose Diseases diagnosis therapy 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2781218 2781217 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa--which drug, when and how? 77-80 Dept. of O.R.L. University Hospital of Lund, Sweden. Malm L L Gerth van Wijk R R Hasegawa M M Lundblad L L eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Obstruction drug therapy Female Humans Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2781217 2781216 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Improvement of the nasal airflow by the nasal dilator Nozovent. 136 Wind J J eng Comment Letter

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Rhinology. 1988 Dec;26(4):289-92 3238284 Dilatation instrumentation Humans Nose physiology 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2781216 2781215 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A vascular leiomyoma of the ethmoid. Report of case. 129-35 Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Zijlker T D TD Visser R R eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Diagnosis, Differential Ethmoid Sinus Humans Leiomyoma pathology radiography Male Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology radiography 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2781215 2781214 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The influence of the caudal process on the formation of septal deformities. 113-8 The aim of the paper was to confirm the variations in the length of the caudal process and its relationship to the skull shape (occipitopetal or frontopetal) in various pathological septal deformities according to Mladina's classification. The length of the caudal process was measured during septal surgery in a group of 46 patients suffering from nasal obstructions caused by septal deformities. Measurements were made with an indirect method: the distance between the lower anterior rim of the pyriform aperture and the deepest point of the caudal process, which could still be surgically prepared, was taken as a function of its length (so called X-value). To establish the skull shape lateral cranial X-rays were made for each patient. Certain types of septal deformities were found to be more frequent in patients with longer caudal processes (type 2 and 5), than in cases when they were shorter (type 1 and 6). Twentyseven out of 46 patients were found to have frontopetal skulls, and X values were smaller than 3 cm. The occipitopetal skull shape was found in 19 patients whose values exceeded 3 cm. Caudal process and the skull shape, therefore, may affect development of particular types of septal deformities. Even more, it can be presumed that the septal response to trauma will depend upon some of these factors. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Mladina R R Krajina Z Z eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum abnormalities Nose anatomy & histology Skull anatomy & histology 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2781214 2781213 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal surgery: does the type of nasal pack influence the results? 105-11 A prospective study was performed on 106 patients undergoing routine nasal surgery to compare the influence of three different packing methods on the final outcome. Pneumatic balloons were found to cause persistent nasal obstruction and an increased incidence of adhesion formation, while lubricated ribbon gauze was more uncomfortable for the patient. Glove finger packs were associated with the least problems. Dept. of E.N.T., East Birmingham Hospital, United Kingdom. Watson M G MG Campbell J B JB Shenoi P M PM eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose surgery Prospective Studies Surgical Equipment 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2781213 2675276 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Mast cell distribution and morphology in human nasal turbinates following decalcification. 81-9 Whole inferior nasal turbinates were used to evaluate six different fixatives followed by decalcification. H and E staining was used to assess general fixation and toluidine blue and thionin to stain mast cells metachromatically. We show that neutral buffered formalin or paraformaldehyde give the best overall fixation. Very long times (six days) are needed in TB to show maximum mast cell numbers; these numbers are never as high, nor the cells as densely stained as those in undecalcified controls. The difference in number between the two supports the hypothesis that there is more than one subset of mast cells in nasal mucosa. The more superficial mast cells have a smaller size and may be dendritic, with relatively few granules which stain faintly. Those in deeper situations are often larger, ovoid, very granular and intensely stained. Dept. of Anatomy, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Trotter C M CM Carney A S AS Wilson J A JA eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cell Count Female Histological Techniques Humans Male Mast Cells cytology Middle Aged Turbinates cytology 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2675276 2675275 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2005 11 16

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Toxic shock syndrome after nasal surgery: is prevention possible? A case report and review of the literature. 125-8 Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), is an acute illness with four major criteria: involvement of multiple organ systems, fever greater than 38.9 degrees C, hypotension or shock and rash with subsequent desquamation. TSS was first reported by Todd et al. in 1978, and is a rare complication of staphylococcal infection. Although it at first was thought to be a childhood disease and an illness of menstruating women using intravaginal tampons, it has now been described as a complication of minor surgery, burns and minimal skin infections (Reingold et al., 1982; Jacobson et al., 1983). More than 2800 cases have been reported at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta (Reingold, 1985). Jacobson and Kasworm (1986) estimate the incidence after nasal surgery to be 16.5 per 100.000, which in fact is higher than the incidence in women of menstrual age using intravaginal tampons. TSS usually occurs within 24-48 hours after surgery, often starting with nausea and vomiting. Although the syndrome can be lethal or can have troublesome sequelae, as prolonged weakness fatigue and neuropsychological disturbances, complete recovery is often the case. Dept. of O.R.L., Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. de Vries N N van der Baan S S eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Nose surgery Postoperative Complications prevention & control Shock, Septic etiology prevention & control 19 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2675275 2675274 1989 10 24 1989 10 24 2007 11 15

0300-0729 27 2 1989 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic surgery of the frontal sinus without external approach. 119-23 Many surgical techniques have been described for the treatment of recurrent or persistent frontal sinusitis. The major difficulty of all techniques is to avoid recurrent stenosis of the frontonasal duct. Our endoscopic surgical technique without an external approach is described, which allows the creation of a bony and rigid frontonasal duct. Our first results seem to confirm the hypothesis that the creation of such a duct reduces the frequency of secondary stenosis and therefore the recurrencies of frontal sinusitis. Dept. of O.R.L. and Cervico-Facial Surgery, C.H.U.V. Lausanne, Switzerland. Perko D D eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Clinical Trials as Topic Endoscopy Follow-Up Studies Frontal Sinus surgery Humans Methods Recurrence Sinusitis surgery 1989 6 1 1989 6 1 0 1 1989 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2675274 2696077 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A history of otorhinolaryngology in Japan and China. 277-84 Capital Institute of Medicine, Bejing, China. Nakano T T Fu Z J ZJ Chao A Z AZ Jian J H JH eng Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q China History, 15th Century History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Japan Korea Otolaryngology history 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2696077 2696076 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2005 11 16

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Critical review of Vidian neurectomy. 271-6 The author presents the critical review of Vidian neurectomy since 1961. Golding-Wood (1961, 1962) recommended this type of operation in vasomotor rhinitis. Many authors modified this operation. The author concludes that Vidian neurectomy is indicated in the cases of vasomotor rhinitis with profuse secretion refractory to conservative treatment. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Krajina Z Z eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Methods Parasympathetic Nervous System surgery Rhinitis, Vasomotor surgery 21 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2696076 2696075 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal provocation with histamine: a comparison of the determination of the threshold of reactivity by three methods of rhinomanometry. 263-9 Three methods of rhinomanometry were compared with each other with respect to their ability to determine the histamine threshold (histamine concentration for a 100% increase of the initial total nasal resistance): the active anterior rhinomanometry (P.A.R.). Nasal challenge and consecutive measurement by the three methods of rhinomanometry were conducted in a group of 11 volunteers. The three methods gave significantly different histamine concentration thresholds (p = 0.002). Unilateral histamine thresholds as available from A.A.R. and P.A.R. (at a flow of 250 cm3/sec) did not differ significantly (p = 0.299). For A.A.R. and A.P.R., histamine thresholds were assessed at five different pressure values as well as at five different flow values. The thresholds did not appear to be significantly different at any one of those pressure gradients (p = 0.690) or flow values (p = 0.357). Dept. of O.R.L., Free University Brussels, Belgium. Gordts F F Clement P A PA Derde M P MP eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine IM Clinical Trials as Topic Differential Threshold Female Histamine diagnostic use Humans Male Manometry methods Nasal Provocation Tests methods 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2696075 2696074 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2008 11 21

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of physical work on the mucosal blood flow and gas exchange in the human maxillary sinus. 241-50 The paranasal sinuses are lined with respiratory mucosa of principally the same structure as in the nasal mucosa but somewhat thinner. This mucosa has a rich blood flow and advanced system of blood vessels regulated mostly by the autonomous nervous system but also by other factors as acid/base balance and endocrine activity. The thickness of the nasal mucosa regulates the nasal breathing resistance and varies with among other factors, body activity. In this investigation we have studied the effect of physical work on the human maxillary sinus mucosa. The investigation shows that, as in the nose, the blood flow and the pulse amplitude are considerably reduced during physical work, in situations of heavy work falling to about half of the normal level, and probably result in the redistribution of blood from the respiratory mucosa. The gas exchange in the paranasal sinus is reduced only to a small extent, the reduction being too small to change the antral gas composition towards pathological conditions. Dept. of O.R.L., Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Falck B B Aust R R Svanholm H H Bäcklund L L eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Clinical Trials as Topic Humans Maxillary Sinus blood supply physiology Mucous Membrane blood supply physiology Physical Exertion physiology Pulmonary Ventilation physiology Regional Blood Flow 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2696074 2696073 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2010 11 18

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Frequent irrigation in maxillary sinusitis therapy. 237-40 190 cases of maxillary sinusitis with retention of secretions were treated by frequent irrigation through an irrigation tube inserted via inferior turbinate sinus. The technique of the tube insertion through a Lichtwitz needle is described. Repeated irrigations do not need any anaesthesia and are better approved by the patients than the usual puncture irrigation. The response seems to be at least equally good as has been observed in similar patient series by repeated puncture irrigations. The patients' requests of reinsertion of irrigation tube in cases of recurrencies gives addition support to the recommendation to accept such a therapy. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital of Turku, Finland. Antila J J Kortekangas A E AE eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Clinical Trials as Topic Humans Maxillary Sinusitis therapy Therapeutic Irrigation methods Time Factors 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2696073 2696072 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A review of the role of radiology in non-healing granulomas of the nose and nasal sinuses. 231-6 This paper reviews the radiological features of 20 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis and seven cases of lethal midline granulomas. It compares the findings of plain sinus radiographs and tomography. There are no specific radiological features of either Wegener's granulomatosis or lethal midline granuloma. Plain sinus radiographs underestimate the extent of bony changes and the differences between Wegener's and lethal midline granulomas are one of degree. Computerised tomography will show the extent of the disease. The role of nuclear magnetic resonance is also discussed. Nuclear magnetic resonance does not show bone destruction but the T2 weighted response of the tissues helps to differentiate the condition from neoplasia. The literature is reviewed and compared with the study. Dept. of O.R.L., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Drake-Lee A B AB Milford C A CA eng Comparative Study Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnosis, Differential Granuloma, Lethal Midline diagnosis radiography Humans Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Tomography, X-Ray Computed Wegener Granulomatosis diagnosis radiography 12 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2696072 2696071 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of granulomatous disorders of the nose and paranasal sinuses. 221-30 The granulomatous disorders discussed in this review are Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), lymphomatoid granulomatosis (polymorphic reticulosis) and "idiopathic midline granuloma". The treatment of choice of WG is combined therapy with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Severely ill patients may be treated with intravenous bolus infusions of cyclophosphamide. Otherwise oral administration is used. Therapy must be adjusted according to leucocyte and thrombocyte counts. After clinical remission cyclophosphamide must be continued for at least a year under hydration sufficient to cause nycturia in order to protect the bladder mucosa. Corticosteroids can be withdrawn 9-10 months after clinical remission. Relapse of WG can be identified by clinical and laboratory (ESR, CRP, HB, urinary sediment) findings, including detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA). Alternate treatment with azathioprine or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may be used in patients with localized or smoldering disease. Furthermore trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may be used as adjunctive treatment. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis appears to be a T-cell lymphoma and should be treated aggressively with combination cytotoxic therapy and irradiation of localized manifestations. "Idiopathic midline granuloma" does not seem to exist but appears to be either WG or lymphomatoid granulomatosis when repeated biopsies are examined with monoclonal antibodies and/or serum examined for ANCA. Dept. of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany. Andrassy K K Rasmussen N N eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-18-0 Cyclophosphamide 50-24-8 Prednisolone IM Autoimmune Diseases drug therapy Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use Drug Therapy, Combination Humans Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis drug therapy Nose Diseases drug therapy Paranasal Sinus Diseases drug therapy Prednisolone therapeutic use Prognosis Wegener Granulomatosis drug therapy 40 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2696071 2623417 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Anterior and posterior rhinomanometry. 257-62 Three rhinomanometric techniques for detection of transnasal pressures were compared by computer aided plethysmographic rhinomanometry. Mean unilateral resistances were measured in the decongested nose of an experienced subject by traditional anterior (sealed anterior catheter) and posterior (perorally by mouthpiece) rhinomanometry and also by a fine catheter inserted pernasally to the nasopharynx. No significant differences in magnitude (N = 25, p = 73, mean Rn = 0.345 Pa/cm3/sec) were found. Dimensions of an #8F catheter were adequate for conduction of transnasal pressures and the catheter placed along the floor of a decongested nasal cavity was found not to increase resistance to airflow significantly. Posterior pernasal catheter measurements were less variable than either traditional posterior (peroral) or anterior rhinomanometry. In 35 consecutive patients untreated by decongestant there were no significant differences in magnitude or variation between resistances of the combined nasal cavities immediately following insertion of the catheter and those obtained 5 minutes later (initial mean Rn = 1.66 + 0.49, 5 min mean Rn = 1.70 + 0.50) and in these naive subjects posterior rhinomanometric resistances averaged 9% greater than those in whom resistances were measured pernasally. Univ. Dept. of Otolaryngology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Cole P P Ayiomanimitis A A Ohki M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Manometry methods Nasal Cavity physiopathology Nasal Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology Prospective Studies 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2623417 2516361 1990 03 16 1990 03 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 27 4 1989 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal sodium cromoglycate in post-catarrhal hyperreactive rhinosinusitis: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. 251-5 A randomized double-blind comparison was made between sodium cromoglycate and a placebo (saline) given as nasal sprays, to control symptoms of post-catarrhal hyperreactive rhinosinusitis. No significant differences were demonstrated between the two test treatments in rhinopharyngeal symptoms, ultrasonic scannings of mucosal thickness in the maxillary sinus, or in the patients' evaluation of rhinitic symptoms. There was an improvement in symptoms in about 50% of the patients in each treatment group. E.N.T. Clinic, Helsingøor, Denmark. Sederberg-Olsen J F JF Sederberg-Olsen A E AE eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Common Cold complications Cromolyn Sodium administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nebulizers and Vaporizers Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Rhinitis drug therapy Sinusitis drug therapy 1989 12 1 1989 12 1 0 1 1989 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2516361 3194635 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Unilateral and bilateral nasal resistances. 209-16 Plethysmographic rhinomanometric resistance measurements of combined and separate nasal cavities were made at a transnasal differential pressure of 100 Pa. The coefficients of variation over time of 40 consecutive total resistance values obtained at 1 min intervals from untreated noses of five healthy subjects averaged 11.0% measured directly and 11.8% calculated by application of Ohm's Law for parallel resistors. Measurements at 5 min intervals between sides increased variation of calculated total resistances markedly. The coefficients decreased to 4.7% and 5.1% respectively when the noses were decongested and by contrast with untreated noses these resistances varied independently from each other. Facial masking increased the coefficient of variation of resistance in the decongested nose (p less than 0.001) to as much as 11.0% and the magnitude of averaged resistances was moderately increased also (p less than 0.035). Measured values plotted against calculated values for total nasal resistance of 45 consecutive patients produced a regression differing insignificantly (p = 0.94) from the line of identity in the decongested nose but diverging from it (intercept 0.03 Pa/cm3/sec and slope 0.83, p less than 0.03) when the nose was untreated. Resistive variations associated with mucovascular instability and with use of a face-mask contribute substantially to differences between the results of anterior and posterior rhinomanometric assessments of total nasal resistance. Gage Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Cole P P Naito K K Chaban R R Ayiomamitis A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Administration, Intranasal Airway Resistance drug effects Humans Imidazoles administration & dosage Manometry Reference Values 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194635 3194634 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Spirometric forced volume measurements in the assessment of nasal patency after septoplasty. A prospective clinical study. 203-8 Methods for assessing the nasal patency are needed in the evaluation of patients with symptoms of nasal stenosis. Apart from the commonly used rhinomanometric method spirometric forced volume measurements as well as nasal peak flow rate have gained interest especially in studies concerning allergic rhinitis and nasal hyperreactivity. We have measured the expiratory and inspiratory forced volume in 0.5 second through the mouth and nose in 12 patients before and after septoplasty and in ten controls. A nasal patency index (NPI) was calculated from the ratio between nasal and oral measurements. The expiratory and inspiratory NPI for the preoperative worst cavity and the expiratory NPI for the total nose showed significant improvement. These indices from the patients preoperative measurements also differed significantly from controls. We found the method easy to handle and sensitive enough to detect changes of the nasal patency after septoplasty. Larsen K K Oxhøj H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Obstruction diagnosis surgery Airway Resistance Female Forced Expiratory Volume Humans Male Microcomputers Middle Aged Nasal Septum surgery Postoperative Complications diagnosis Prospective Studies Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Spirometry instrumentation 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194634 3194633 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Rhinomanometric method error in the assessment of nasal respiratory resistance. 191-202 Reproducibility of nasal resistance recording is important if meaningful clinical and investigative data are to be assembled. The present study investigated by duplicate determination, reproducibility of anterior (unilateral) and posterior (bilateral) recordings of nasal respiratory resistance (NRR) for 12 subjects. Improved accuracy was achieved with frequent use of a calibration device and visual feedback for the patient. The results show that the recordings are reproducible with a small method error of between 13.6 Pascals/cc/sec x 10(3) and 41.5 Pascals/cc/sec x 10(3). University of Edinburgh, Dept. of Preventive Dentistry. Sandham A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Manometry instrumentation Microcomputers Reference Values Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted instrumentation 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194633 3194632 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Clinical and cytomorphological alterations of nasal mucosa in laryngectomized patients. 183-9 A group of laryngectomized patients were rhinoscopically examined. The nasal mucosa was found to become thinner and change its colour over time. The nasal mucosa swabs from the same patients were cytologically examined at various time intervals following laryngectomy, revealing degenerative alterations of the multi-layered epithelium that occurred as a consequence of the nose exclusion from its function due to laryngectomy. Our experience has shown these degenerative changes to be completed within a two-year post operative period, as indicated by the fact that both the clinical and cytological findings obtained after that time point remained practically unchanged. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, Ozren Novosel Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Cvetnić V V Sips D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Epithelium pathology Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Intubation, Gastrointestinal Laryngectomy Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Postoperative Complications pathology 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194632 3194631 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2005 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The nasal provocation test in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. II. Comparison with other diagnostic tests. 175-81 We standardized the NPT by means of AAR, and in the present study, we compared this technique with skin testing and the RAST test. Using Alternaria tenuis and cat epithelium, the NPT was found to be more specific than skin testing; in the case of Phleum pratensis, no differences were observed. We conclude that the NPT is an excellent diagnostic technique. Allergy Unit, Sta. Creu i S. Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. Olive-Pérez A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Adolescent Adult Allergens diagnostic use Female Humans Intradermal Tests Male Nasal Provocation Tests Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194631 3194630 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2005 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Seasonal variation of nasal surface basophilic cells and eosinophils in Japanese cedar pollinosis. 167-73 Nasal pollinosis is caused by pollens of trees and grasses as allergen floating in the air during the seasons of blossom. In Japan, cedar pollinosis is the most prevalent of seasonal allergic rhinitis. We studied the seasonal variation of nasal mucosal basophilic cells (cells with basophilic and metachromatic granules) and eosinophils by nasal scraping of cedar pollinosis patients from June 1986 to May 1987, and found that during the season basophilic cells and eosinophils increased significantly, decreased but still remained for two or three monts after the season, and finally disappeared. The variation of eosinophils was more prominent than basophilic cells. The increase of both cells had close correlation with each other. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei. Liu C M CM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Basophils pathology Eosinophils pathology Female Humans Japan Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Pollen immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology pathology Seasons 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194630 3194629 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The nasal septal cartilage in the newborn. 161-5 The largest part of the nasal septum in young children is cartilaginous. It was established that the cartilaginous septum shows a specific pattern of regional differences in thickness and histologic differentiation. The possible meaning of those phenomenons for growth and support are discussed. Dept. of O.R.L., University Hospital Rotterdam, Dijkzigt, The Netherlands. van Loosen J J Verwoerd-Verhoef H L HL Verwoerd C D CD eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage anatomy & histology Humans Infant, Newborn physiology Nasal Septum anatomy & histology Osteogenesis 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194629 3194628 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Measuring the size of nasal septal perforations. A simple radiological method. 157-9 A simple method of preoperative documentation of nasal septal defects is described. The borders of the defect and the surrounding regions of the nasal septum are marked with an X-ray contrast medium and a lateral radiogram is performed. The perforation is outlined and the image allows evaluation of the size, shape and location of the septal defect. Some clinical examples are presented. Univ. HNO-Klinik, Erlangen, West-Germany. Rettinger G G Hosemann W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7727-43-7 Barium Sulfate IM Barium Sulfate diagnostic use Humans Nasal Septum injuries radiography surgery 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3194628 3143145 1989 01 12 1989 01 12 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 3 1988 Sep Rhinology Rhinology New bone formation in nasal polyps. 217-9 Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. de Vries N N eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Ethmoid Bone radiography surgery Humans Male Nasal Polyps radiography surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local radiography surgery Ossification, Heterotopic radiography surgery Postoperative Complications radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1988 9 1 1988 9 1 0 1 1988 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3143145 3368712 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The nasal provocation test: response patterns. 59-62 We studied a group of allergic patients by active anterior rhinomanometry. We performed the nasal provocation test (NPT) and we observed two kinds of responses. The Type I pattern consists of an increase in delta P and an increase in resistance. The type II pattern consists of an increase in the flow value (V) and an increase in resistance. There are significant differences in the frequency of the two patterns among the allergens. Allergy Unit, Sta. Creu i S. Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. Olive-Pérez A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Humans Manometry Nasal Provocation Tests Pulmonary Ventilation Respiratory Hypersensitivity physiopathology Rhinitis physiopathology Skin Tests 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3368712 3368711 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2005 11 17

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airway response to infused phenylephrine in normals and in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. 51-8 To find whether patients with chronic rhinitis might be congested because of hyporesponsiveness to adrenergic vasoconstrictive influences, we measured nasal airway resistance (NAR) in normals and allergic and non-allergic rhinitics during intravenous infusion of graded doses of phenylephrine. All responded with decreases in NAR and first evidences of NAR fall appeared no later in those with rhinitis than in normals. Nasal congestion and response were asymmetrical; absolute NAR in the low resistance side was similar in all groups and there was little response to phenylephrine. In the high resistance side, NAR reached its minimum by the time the total infused dose was 1400 mcg, indicating maximum response to drug was achieved within the dose range studied. Minimum NAR achieved on the high resistance side was higher in rhinitics suggesting residual vascular engorgement resistant to phenylephrine or non-vascular mucosal swelling. Resistance to adrenergic vasoconstriction does not appear to be the primary contributor to mucosal swelling in chronic rhinitis. Bronson Clinical Investigation Unit Bronson Methodist Hospital Kalamazoo, MI 49007. Brooks C D CD Spenner G C GC Karl K J KJ Heissler C T CT Metzler C M CM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 59-42-7 Phenylephrine IM Airway Resistance drug effects Chronic Disease Humans Nose drug effects Phenylephrine pharmacology Rhinitis physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal physiopathology 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3368711 3368710 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2006 11 15

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The influence of climatic factors on the nasal mucosa of rats. 41-9 The influence of indoor climate on goblet cells and intraepithelial glands of nasal mucosa was analysed. A cold and heat adapted group of twenty rats were compared with a neutral adapted group after eight weeks of climatic exposure. There was a decrease of density of the goblet cells and the intrapeithelial glands in cold adapted rats. It is suggested that the adaptive changes of the mucous membranes of the rats may be correlated with the increased ventilation rate in the cold. Dept. of O.R.L. University Hospital Zürch, Switzerland. Gammert C C Felix H H Weihe W H WH eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Climate Epithelium pathology Female Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Septum pathology Rats 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3368710 3368709 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Delivery circumstances in relation to adult septum deviation. 33-40 The present study elucidates whether factors correlated to septum dislocation in newborns have quantitative significance for septum deviation demanding surgery in adults. The delivery circumstances of 95 patients operated upon for septum deviation were compared to those of 79 control subjects with straight septa. Patients and control subjects were born in the same area and at the same period of time. Eleven possible nose traumatizing factors were analyzed. No difference was found. There was, however, a male overrepresentation by 3:1 amongst the operated patients which may be explained by postnatal nose trauma. It is concluded that delivery circumstances have only minor influence on the number of adults demanding septum surgery. Dept. of O.R.L. Centrallasarettet, Uddevalla, Sweden. Bove M M Månsson I I Kroon L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Birth Injuries surgery Birth Weight Delivery, Obstetric Female Humans Infant, Newborn Male Nasal Septum abnormalities injuries surgery Parity Sex Factors 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3368709 3368708 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2003 11 14

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Reimplantation of autologous septal cartilage in the growing nasal septum. II. The influence of reimplantation of rotated or crushed autologous septal cartilage on nasal growth: an experimental study in growing rabbits. 25-32 A series of experiments were carried out on growing rabbits to investigate the effect of rotation (through 90 degrees and 180 degrees) or crushing of autologous cartilage implants on growth of the nose. Reconstruction of the nasal septum with rotated or crushed implants did not restore the normal growth of the nose. This is in accordance with the results of a previously described experiment in which the continuity was repaired with autologous cartilage in the same position (Nolst Trenité et al., 1987). The crushed cartilage implants were as effective as the noncrushed implants in preventing septal perforations. The implants rotated through 90 degrees, showed less intrinsic growth in dorso-ventral direction. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Bergweg Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Nolst Trenité G J GJ Verwoerd C D CD Verwoerd-Verhoef H L HL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cartilage transplantation Female Nasal Septum growth & development pathology surgery Rabbits Replantation Skull growth & development pathology 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3368708 3368707 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2007 11 15

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia treated by laser surgery. 19-24 Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler's disease) is a rare, inherited abnormality of the subepithelial vessels causing severe nose bleed as the most predominant symptom. The most efficient treatment has, until now, been dermoplasty of the nasal septum and cavity. There have been a few reports on treatment with CO2-, argon- or Nd-YAG-lasers, which have been encouraging. Ten patients with Osler's disease were treated for severe epistaxis. Three were treated with CO2-laser, two of these under general anaesthesia. Seven patients were treated with the argon laser under local anaesthesia. A variety of other sites were treated at the same time for functional or cosmetic reasons (mouth, face, fingers, rectum). Good results were obtained in eight cases. In three of the cases the observation period was more than two years. A second treatment has been necessary in three cases. Two other patients were treated recently, and it is too early to judge the results. The argon-laser is more convenient for this purpose than the CO2-laser. The method is quick and reliable and there is no need for hospitalization. The treatment can be repeated without permanent damage to the function of the nose. Dept. of Otolaryngology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Illum P P Bjerring P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Humans Laser Therapy Male Middle Aged Recurrence Reoperation Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic surgery 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3368707 3285450 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2005 11 16

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal antrostomy. 5-18 With chronic maxillary sinusitis the pathological changes in the diseased mucosa used to be considered irreversible, thus necessitating its radical removal, which is only possible with the Caldwell-Luc operation. The discovery of the reversibility of the pathology caused a shift from the Caldwell-Luc towards endonasal procedures, of which the inferior meatal antrostomy became the most widely used. Nasendoscopy, later combined with computed tomography, led to the development of the concept of the osteomeatal unit, and hence the functional endoscopic sinus surgery, which is concentrated round the infundibulum region. In view of possible risks and complications of that method it is propagated here to differentiate between these two techniques: When the focus of chronic sinusitis appears to be situated in the infundibulum/anterior ethmoid region, the functional endoscopic surgery seems preferable; For cases where the inflammatory process was restricted largely to the maxillary sinus a modified inferior meatal antrostomy technique proved to have a 92% success rate in 378 sinuses. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands. Buiter C T CT eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Endoscopy methods Ethmoid Sinus pathology surgery Humans Maxillary Sinus pathology surgery Ostomy Sinusitis surgery 62 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3285450 2966977 1988 06 13 1988 06 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 1 1988 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinophyma: treatment by excision and silver impregnated amniotic membrane. 63-5 ENT-Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Gürsel B B Yalçiner G G eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7761-88-8 Silver Nitrate IM Aged Bandages Biological Dressings Humans Male Postoperative Care methods Rhinophyma surgery Rosacea surgery Silver Nitrate therapeutic use 1988 3 1 1988 3 1 0 1 1988 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2966977 3175457 1988 11 15 1988 11 15 2006 11 15

0300-0729 26 2 1988 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Do cholinergic neurons directly innervate nasal blood vessels? 139-46 The main aim of this work was to provide additional evidence that cholinergic neurons can induce nasal vasodilation by inhibiting norepinephrine release, not by a direct action on nasal blood vessels. We induced a degeneration of the nasal sympathetic neurons in order to observe the effects of electrical stimulation of the cholinergic neurons on nasal blood vessels. Electrical stimulation had no measurable effect. One interpretation of this result is that cholinergic fibers control vasomotor tone by inhibiting the output of the sympathetic neurons, i.e., they have a presynaptic influence. However, it should be stressed that the data were obtained from in vitro experiments, which may not reflect the true in vivo processes. Additional evidence was obtained to demonstrate that electrical stimulation of the in vitro nasal tissue causes contraction by the release of norepinephrine from remnants of sympathetic nerve fibers remaining in the tissue. Also, there is no evidence of transganglionic degeneration in the cervical sympathetic nerve. Div. of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322. Wang H W HW Jackson R T RT eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cholinergic Fibers physiology Dogs Electric Stimulation Ganglionectomy Nasal Mucosa blood supply Sympathectomy Vasodilation 1988 6 1 1988 6 1 0 1 1988 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3175457 3175456 1988 11 15 1988 11 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 2 1988 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Injurious effect of eosinophil extract on the human nasal mucosa. 121-32 Eosinophils are frequently associated with the manifestation of nasal allergy in the nasal mucosa and nasal secretion. The role of eosinophils in hypersensitivity diseases, however, is still obscure, whether it protects or damages tissues and activates mast cells. The effects of two kinds of human eosinophil extract (biological and physical extracts) on human nasal mucosa by applying them in nasal provocation test and cilia beating test, and also in tracheal ring incubation and skin test in the guinea-pig were measured. The results of the study suggest that eosinophil major protein and other protein components may produce damage to the function of human nasal mucosa and tracheal mucosa of the guinea-pig. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei. Liu C M CM Okuda M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Blood Proteins 0 Cell Extracts 0 Eosinophil Granule Proteins 0 Tissue Extracts EC 1.1.1.27 L-Lactate Dehydrogenase EC 3.1.- Ribonucleases IM Animals Blood Proteins toxicity Cell Extracts analysis toxicity Cilia drug effects Electrophoresis methods Eosinophil Granule Proteins Eosinophils physiology Guinea Pigs Humans L-Lactate Dehydrogenase analysis Nasal Mucosa drug effects immunology Nasal Provocation Tests Respiratory Hypersensitivity immunology Ribonucleases Tissue Extracts toxicity 1988 6 1 1988 6 1 0 1 1988 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3175456 3175455 1988 11 15 1988 11 15 2006 11 15

0300-0729 26 2 1988 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Deposition pattern of nasal sprays in man. 111-20 The intranasal distribution from an aqueous pump spray has been assessed in 13 normal subjects, using insoluble Teflon particles labelled with 99Tcm which were intended to simulate a suspension of drug particles. Three different combinations of metered volume and spray cone angle were compared. The main deposition of particles was in the anterior, non-ciliated, part of the nose, but some particles also penetrated more posteriorly into the main nasal passages and were cleared subsequently to the nasopharynx. No particles were detected in the lungs. With a single puff of 100 microliters volume, 46.5 +/- 4.4 (mean +/- SEM)% of the spray was retained in the anterior part of the nose after 30 minutes, but this was increased to 57.1 +/- 4.5% (P less than 0.05) with two puffs of 50 microliters. The latter were deposited over a significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller area in the nasal cavity. There was a trend towards lower particle retention and a greater area of deposition when the spray cone angle was decreased from 60 degrees to 35 degrees. These results indicate that the drug particles released from nasal pump sprays are distributed both to ciliated and non-ciliated zones, and that the choice of metered volume and possibly spray cone angle may play a role in determining the amount which penetrates to the main nasal passages. Dept. of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, England. Newman S P SP Morén F F Clarke S W SW eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 7440-26-8 Technetium IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity metabolism Nebulizers and Vaporizers Technetium diagnostic use Tissue Distribution 1988 6 1 1988 6 1 0 1 1988 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3175455 3175454 1988 11 15 1988 11 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 2 1988 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgery for bilateral nasal valvular collapse. 105-10 The nasal valve is an important regulator of nasal airflow. Patients may suffer from nasal obstruction due to bilateral nasal valvular collapse combined with a drooping tip. A simple, effective technique of cartilage grafting to open the valve is forwarded. The advantages of this method include placing the graft in the submucosal plane which preserves mucosa and protects the graft from nasal secretions while healing. Div. of Head and Neck Surgery, UCSD Medical Center 92103. Ochi J W JW deWerd D L DL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction physiopathology surgery Cartilage transplantation Humans Nasal Septum surgery Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinoplasty 1988 6 1 1988 6 1 0 1 1988 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3175454 3051285 1988 11 15 1988 11 15 2011 11 17

0300-0729 26 2 1988 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A modern concept of cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis in oto- and rhinorrhea. 89-103 Three successive CSF investigations make it possible to identify even the smallest amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cases of otorrhea and rhinorrhea: 1. Immunological identification of beta 2-transferrin. 2. Laboratory fluorescein identification. 3. Endoscopic fluorescein detection. As a screening procedure the beta 2-transferrin identification method is always used as the first step towards clarifying a suspect liquorrhea. In addition both fluorescein tests are used for the diagnosis depending on the result of the beta 2-transferrin identification and further measures. As a result of recent practical experience special attention is paid to the test analyses; the various possibilities of taking samples as well as mailing them. A newly developed diagnostic plan of procedure should (by using practical examples) underline the clinical significance. This study describes the most up-to-date level in CSF diagnosis and demonstrates that, when combined with a corresponding X-ray investigation, a much more exact range of indication for the surgical treatment of fractures of the base of the skull and CSF leaks is possible. Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg, H.N.O.-Abteilung, Austria. Oberascher G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Fluoresceins 0 Transferrin 2321-07-5 Fluorescein IM Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea diagnosis Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis etiology Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Fluorescein Fluoresceins diagnostic use Humans Immunologic Techniques Photometry Skull Fractures complications Transferrin cerebrospinal fluid 1988 6 1 1988 6 1 0 1 1988 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3051285 3051284 1988 11 15 1988 11 15 2005 11 16

0300-0729 26 2 1988 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Wedge resection in rhinosurgery: a review of the literature and long-term results in a hundred cases. 77-88 First a historical review is given of the development of the concept of wedge resection of the bony nasal pyramid since Joseph, 1907. In a second part the technical details about wedge resection are described for different types of nasal deformities. In a third part long-term results in 100 patients, 18 months after septorhinoplasty are presented. In 61 patients unilateral and in 39 patients bilateral wedge resections were performed as one step of rhinoplasty. The long-term results were good in 93 patients, there was undercorrection in six cases, whereas one patient had an overcorrected nose. These results are better than the long-term results following classic osteotomies alone. Thus the wedge resection, for the indications as defined in this study, is a very useful step in the concept of corrective and aesthetic septorhinoplasty. ENT-Department, University of Ulm, West-Germany. Pirsig W W Königs D D eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Nasal Septum surgery Nose abnormalities surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Rhinoplasty 16 1988 6 1 1988 6 1 0 1 1988 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3051284 2972054 1988 11 15 1988 11 15 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 2 1988 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Evaluation of the systemic anticholinergic activity of nasally administered ipratropium bromide. 133-8 Plasma concentrations of nasally inhaled ipratropium bromide were analyzed in eight healthy volunteers by using a sensitive radioreceptor assay (RRA). The rate of saliva secretion, heart rate and changes in visual accommodation were quantitated in order to measure possible systemic anticholinergic drug effects. 240 micrograms of ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms each nostril, repeated twice at 15 min intervals) were inhaled nasally in a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled experiment. Ipratropium bromide absorbed fast, and peak plasma concentrations of the drug (257 +/- 55 pg/ml) were detected as soon as 5 min after the last inhalation (at 35 min from the beginning). The plasma levels of ipratropium bromide decreased rapidly, being only 86 +/- 7 pg/ml one hour after the last inhalation. These low concentrations of ipratropium bromide indicate that only a small portion of it absorbs after nasal application, which is consistent with the lack of any systemic anticholinergic drug effects in our subjects. It is concluded that nasally applied ipratropium bromide is not likely to cause systemic anticholinergic side-effects, even in doses exceeding the therapeutic recommendations. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Hospital, Finland. Laurikainen E E Koulu M M Kaila T T Scheinin M M Isalo E E eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Atropine Derivatives 0 Parasympatholytics 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Absorption Administration, Intranasal Adult Atropine Derivatives pharmacokinetics Double-Blind Method Heart Rate drug effects Humans Ipratropium pharmacokinetics pharmacology Male Parasympatholytics Radioligand Assay Random Allocation Saliva secretion 1988 6 1 1988 6 1 0 1 1988 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2972054 3238285 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A biopsy method to obtain high quality specimens of nasal mucosa. 293-5 Dept. of O.R.L., Leyenburg Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands. Fokkens W J WJ Vroom T M TM Gerritsma V V Rijntjes E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Biopsy methods Humans Nasal Mucosa pathology Quality Control 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3238285 3238284 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Improvement of the nasal airflow by the nasal dilator Nozovent. 289-92 The lateral wall of the nostril is considered as the functional unit in the regulation of the nasal resistance causing more than half of the total resistance. In 16 test-subjects both nostrils were dilated with a plastic nasal device, Nozovent, and the airflow through the nose was measured with and without the device. In each object the mean value of ten inspirations at 150 Pa was calculated. Before the application the mean value of the subjects was 0.68 l/sec and with the device 0.84 l/sec. The improvement of airflow was comparable with that of treatment with nose-drops. The device ought to be helpful in patients with or without collapsing ala nasi during the night to increase nasal airflow when sleeping. Dept. of O.R.L., Sahlgrenska Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Petruson B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Plastics IM Rhinology. 1989 Jun;27(2):136 2781216 Adult Dilatation Durable Medical Equipment Humans Middle Aged Nose physiology Otolaryngology instrumentation Plastics Pulmonary Ventilation Time Factors 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3238284 3238283 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A rhinological approach for the craniofacial resection of the ethmoid. 273-9 The craniofacial resection of the ethmoid is a surgical procedure directed at total extirpation of tumours that extend through the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. We have developed an original approach of the anterior cranial fossa through an osteoplastic frontal flap that has been utilized in a variety of problems of the frontal sinus. The procedure is completed with a facial approach. Different from other types of craniectomy that have been proposed, this method avoids both cosmetic deformity and infectious complications. Dept. of O.R.L., Hospital N.S. de Covadonga, University of Oviedo, Spain. Suárez Nieto C C Escudero Gomis J J Llorente Pendas J L JL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Ethmoid Bone surgery Follow-Up Studies Frontal Sinus surgery Humans Male Methods Nose surgery Skull Neoplasms surgery Surgical Flaps 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3238283 3238282 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Exact measurements of nasal resistance with the oscillation method. 263-72 It is demonstrated how it is possible to obtain a certain determination of the nasal resistance with the oscillation method respecting the whole airway resistance while measuring the flow. The 68 measurements with 17 probands under varying situations indicate that the values obtained are exactly the same with the two methods. There are only a few values which are outside the confidence limits. These are caused by interference from the regulation mechanism of the airway resistances e.g. in the nasal pharynx, larynx and bronchioli by augmentation of functional residual volume, which cannot be avoided. The averages of the two measurements are identical. There is no systematic error. Dept. of O.R.L., Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, West-Germany. Ullmer S S Enzmann H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Nose physiology Oscillometry instrumentation methods 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3238282 3238281 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Radioisotopic method for nasal mucociliary function evaluation. 257-62 In 13 healthy young adults, nasal mucociliary transport velocity was measured by means of albumine microsphere labeled with Tc99m as a tracer. M + ISD of clearance velocity values and of the half time radioactivity (T1/2) resulted to be respectively 1.02 + 0.22 cm/min and 1.07 + 0.24 min. A significant correlation (P less than 0.05) between half time clearance (T1/2) values of the radioactive particles and the mucociliary velocity ones could be detected, making T1/2 a reliable and rapidly obtainable parameter for determining nasal mucociliary function. Advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques are discussed. Dept. of O.R.L., University of Perugia, Italy. Paludetti G G Todisco T T Fedeli L L Giombini E E Rosignoli M M Almadori G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Adult Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope methods Female Humans Male Mucociliary Clearance Saccharin diagnostic use Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin diagnostic use Time Factors 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3238281 3238280 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of antral pathology--which surgical route. 253-5 Dept. of O.R.L., University of Erlangen Neurenberg, West-Germany. Wigand M E ME Buiter C T CT Griffiths M V MV Perko D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Methods Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3238280 3070710 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2005 11 16

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory dysfunction. 229-51 Otolaryngologists, neurologists and other medical practitioners are often not well equipped for assessing olfactory (dys)function. They either use no or inadequate olfactory tests. This problem of inadequate olfactory testing was systematically attacked by American psychologists in the early 80's and led to the construction of odour identification tests which are easy to administer. Combining the advantages of two of these American tests we developed a Dutch odour identification test (GITU), consisting of two subsets of 18 natural odourants and applicable in two ways: one for use in the ENT clinic, the other for industrial purposes. The first results of this test indicate that the incidence of serious olfactory disorder among adults in the Netherlands may be conservatively estimated at about 1%. The GITU readily discriminates between patients and controls and is sensitive to variables known to affect olfaction (gender, age). The recognition of olfactory dysfunction as a major problem has led in the U.S.A. to the establishment of clinical research centers for the study of human chemoreception. Evaluation results of four of those clinics together with data of three more case series--with a total number of patients of 4000--show that two thirds of all patients fall into three etiological categories: 1. Nasal disease and/or paranasal sinus disease. 2. Viral infection of the upper respiratory pathway. 3. Head trauma. For each of the three categories the literature is reviewed in order to arrive at a clearer picture of the olfactory patient with respect to age, gender, degree of olfactory deficit, spontaneous recovery, effectiveness of therapy and localization of the defect along the olfactory pathway. Finally an appeal is made to clinicians with interest in the subject to exchange more information with research scientists in olfaction. Such exchange is considered essential to making progress in this field. Psychological Laboratory, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Hendriks A P AP eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Craniocerebral Trauma complications Female Humans Male Middle Aged Odors Olfaction Disorders etiology Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications Respiratory Tract Diseases complications Sex Factors Smell physiology Time Factors Virus Diseases complications 93 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3070710 2853441 1989 04 24 1989 04 24 2007 11 15

0300-0729 26 4 1988 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A double-blind group comparative study of nedocromil sodium in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 281-7 Thirty-eight patients with seasonal rhinitis due to grass pollen allergy took part in this double-blind study comparing 1% nedocromil sodium and placebo. Treatment was allocated by randomised coding sheet and consisted of 1% nedocromil sodium nasal spray or placebo given four times daily for four weeks during the peak pollen season. Highly significant (p less than 0.001) differences in favour of nedocromil sodium were seen for all signs and symptoms recorded at clinical assessments, and for diary card assessments of symptoms. In addition, time to effect and patient and clinician opinions of treatment significantly (p less than 0.001) favoured nedocromil sodium. Laboratory data on blood and urine samples taken before and after treatment showed no significant effects, and both treatments were well tolerated. Nedocromil sodium 1% nasal spray taken four times daily was shown to be an effective treatment for grass pollen rhinitis. Dept. of O.R.L., Catholic University of Rome, Italy. Bellioni P P Salvinelli F F Patalano F F Ruggieri F F eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal 0 Quinolones 69049-73-6 Nedocromil IM Adolescent Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use Child Child, Preschool Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Nedocromil Quinolones therapeutic use Random Allocation Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1988 12 1 1988 12 1 0 1 1988 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2853441 3672006 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Carcinogenetic action of the implant of acrylic tabs in ozena. 213-5 Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain. Rodriguez-Adrados F F Estvill J J eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Acrylic Resins IM Acrylic Resins adverse effects Adult Carcinoma in Situ etiology pathology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology pathology Humans Male Nasal Septum pathology Nose Neoplasms etiology pathology Prostheses and Implants adverse effects Rhinitis, Atrophic therapy 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3672006 3672005 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Ethmoidal nerve and artery block in endonasal sinusectomy. 207-12 Dept. of Otolaryngology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Ohnishi T T Ashikawa R R Takiguchi K K Kamide Y Y Tachibana T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Arteries drug effects Ethmoid Sinus blood supply innervation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity surgery Nerve Block methods Pain Measurement Vasoconstriction drug effects 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3672005 3672004 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The role of maxillar morphology in the development of pathological septal deformities. 199-205 As a rule some kinds of nasal septum deformities are more frequently found in subjects whose maxilla has more or less stressed morphological irregularities than in those with a normally shaped maxilla. The subjects with asymmetry between the nasal floor levels (the right and left side) show heavier septal damages than others. It means that a regularly shaped maxilla as well as a symmetric nasal floor serve like a fuse against the more severe deformations after nasal trauma. In this paper we have made a classification of the septal pathological deformities. ENT-Department, University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Mladina R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Maxilla abnormalities Middle Aged Nasal Septum pathology Nose Deformities, Acquired classification pathology 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3672004 3672003 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Is endonasal insufflation of xenon133 a fiable functional assessment of nasal cavities? 189-94 The ventilation of nasal cavities has been examined according to the method of Bisschop et al. (1983). The test was performed on 32 healthy volunteers, free of symptoms with normal standard X-rays of their sinuses. Half-times of the wash-out curves were calculated and adopted as a measure of ventilation. For sitting persons these values were lower than other authors reported, the values in sitting or lying persons were comparable. We did not find a significant difference between values of sitting or lying We did not find a significant difference between values of sitting or lying persons. There was no significant difference neither in the half-times obtained in persons with normal clinical background and persons with septal deviations. The experiment was not optimally reproducable. ENT Department, A.Z. V.U.B., Brussels, Belgium. Verstraelen J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Xenon Radioisotopes IM Humans Insufflation methods Nasal Cavity physiology radionuclide imaging Posture Pulmonary Ventilation Xenon Radioisotopes diagnostic use 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3672003 3672002 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Occupational formaldehyde exposure and the nasal mucosa. 181-7 This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible cytotoxic effect of formaldehyde on the nasal mucosa in man. 38 men with an average age of 38 years and average exposure time of 10.5 years were studied. They were exposed to formaldehyde when processing laminae. All men passed a medical examination and a nasal biopsy. The histological findings were scored, 0-8, according to a system proposed by Torjussen. The findings were compared with a non-exposed reference group of 25 men (mean age 35 years). 35% of the exposed were smokers compared to 48% of the nonexposed. The average histological score was 2.8 for the exposed versus 1.8 for the non-exposed (p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon). The more common findings in the exposed were loss of cilia, goblet cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. In four cases (11%) there was a mild dysplasia. Smoking had a slight modifying effect on the histological picture. The results indicate that the suspected precancerous findings in animal studies after exposure to formaldehyde might be present in workers exposed to formaldehyde at relatively low levels. Dept. of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Edling C C Hellquist H H Odkvist L L eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-00-0 Formaldehyde IM Adult Aged Formaldehyde adverse effects Humans Metaplasia Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Nose Diseases chemically induced pathology Nose Neoplasms chemically induced pathology Occupational Diseases chemically induced pathology Precancerous Conditions chemically induced pathology Smoking adverse effects 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3672002 3672001 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2011 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Relationship between nasal patency and clearance. 167-79 Nasal airway patency and nasal clearance were measured bilaterally on six different test days in ten subjects. Nasal patency was evaluated using anterior rhinomanometry and clearance was measured using a dyed saccharin method. The results showed large intra- and inter-subject variances in the clearance times. Clearance times determined by the saccharin taste method were shorter than those determined by the dye method, but these measures were positively correlated. Also, the mean clearance rate was directly related to the mean nasal conductance. In seven of ten subjects, the clearance rate for a given side of the nasal passage was relatively faster when that side was the more patent. These results suggest that the clearance rate is a function of the patency of the nasal passage and may also exhibit alternating cyclic fluctuations. Dept. of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Doyle W J WJ van Cauwenberge P B PB eng NS-16337 NS NINDS NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 81-07-2 Saccharin 860-22-0 Indigo Carmine IM Airway Resistance Humans Indigo Carmine diagnostic use Manometry Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Cavity physiology Saccharin diagnostic use 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3672001 3672000 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal resistance to respiratory airflow: a plethysmographic alternative to the face mask. 159-66 Nasal airflow resistances were measured simultaneously by face mask and "head-out" body plethysmograph and compared. Computer averaging of transnasal pressure and flow signals digitized at 50Hz during 5 breath sequences was employed to determine a ratio of pressure to flow as an index of nasal resistance to breathing. The mean value of ten plethysmograph measurements differed by only 2.0% from that of ten face mask measurements which were made simultaneously. Coefficients of variation of plethysmograph resistance measurements averaged less than 6% in twenty subjects (ten measurements/subject) aged 7-68 years over an intersubject resistance range of 1 to 7 cms H2O/l/sec (0.1-0.7 Pa/cm3/sec). Voluntarily altered minute ventilations from 8-28 l/min in a subject at rest increased this variation to 10%. The "head-out" body plethysmograph is a versatile and reliable instrument for assessment of nasal respiratory airflow resistance. Gage Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Cole P P Havas T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Manometry Masks Nasal Cavity physiology Plethysmography, Whole Body methods Pulmonary Ventilation 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3672000 3671999 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal changes following immersion in chlorinated water. 153-7 Ten swimmers had rhinomanometry, mucociliary clearance time and lung function tests performed pre and post swimming in a chlorinated swimming pool. No evidence of nasal irritation or adverse effects on nasal function were obtained. Dept. of Otolaryngology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Small M M Murray J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7782-50-5 Chlorine IM S Adolescent Adult Chlorine adverse effects Female Humans Immersion physiopathology Male Manometry Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Cavity drug effects physiology Respiratory Function Tests Swimming Swimming Pools 88042506 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3671999 3118447 1987 11 30 1987 11 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 3 1987 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Fibrinolytic activity in medium from tissue culture of paranasal mucous membrane. 195-8 It is known that a remarkable fibrinolytic activity of plasminogen activator (PA) can be seen in extracts of wet tissue and acetone powder preparation of paranasal mucous membrane evidencing chronic sinusitis. However, the origin of the PA in extract of paranasal mucous membrane has not yet been clarified up to the present time. In this experiment, using a tissue culture of paranasal mucous membrane, it was observed that two species of cells, epithelial cells and fibrocytes, proliferated in the implanted tissue. PA was isolated from the conditioned medium on the fifth day after culture. From these results, it appears that the PA may be released from epithelial cells and/or fibroblasts. Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukus, Okinawa, Japan. Kosugi T T Nakamura M M Koja S S Haraguchi S S Noda Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 3.4.21.68 Tissue Plasminogen Activator IM Culture Techniques Epithelial Cells Epithelium secretion Fibrinolysis Fibroblasts secretion Humans Mucous Membrane cytology secretion Paranasal Sinuses cytology secretion Tissue Plasminogen Activator secretion 1987 9 1 1987 9 1 0 1 1987 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3118447 3576063 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinomanometry at selection for adenoidectomy. 63-7 The effect of adenoidectomy in 90 consecutive children was related to nasal obstruction preoperatively in order to improve selection for the operation. Nasal airway resistance was evaluated by anterior rhinomanometry. The adenoidectomy had the best effect on the children with highest nasal airway resistance, after nasal decongestants. Rhinomanometry was found to be a useful method for the selection of children for adenoidectomy. Juliusson S S Bende M M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoidectomy Airway Obstruction diagnosis surgery Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Male Manometry Postoperative Complications diagnosis 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576063 3576062 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Abnormalities of cilia and chronic sinusitis. 57-62 An ultrastructural study was performed on 34 biopsy samples of the sinusal mucosa in 28 patients who were investigated for chronic sinusitis. Twelve specimens with normoplastic sinusitis and eighteen with hyperplastic sinusitis were studied. Four normal specimens served as controls. The incidence of ultrastructural ciliary abnormalities was 2%. Morphological changes of dynein arms have not been observed in the present study. Compound cilia were found in approximately 2/3 of the studied cases. Microtubular abnormalities occurred in roughly 50%. The observed abnormalities, also seen in the control group, were independent on the sinusitis type and could not been correlated with mucociliary transport. Their significance is discussed. Fontolliet C C Terrier G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Biopsy Bronchi pathology Child Chronic Disease Cilia ultrastructure Ciliary Motility Disorders pathology Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus pathology Microscopy, Electron Middle Aged Mucous Membrane pathology Nasal Mucosa pathology Sinusitis pathology 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576062 3576061 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Cytological and histological alterations in the nasal mucous membrane during experimental obstruction of nasal openings. 5-12 In an attempt to determine the respiratory nasal mucous membrane response, a complete surgical obstruction of both nasal openings was experimentally done in four dogs. The fifth animal served as a control. After a 5 month period, the mucous membrane was cytologically and histologically examined. The findings obtained pointed to the development of degenerative alterations involving all the mucous membrane layers. The authors have thus concluded that stimulation of the respiratory mucous membrane by air stream is the most important factor associated with its multiple functioning. The results obtained in the experiment have been related to the daily clinical routine. Cvetnić V V Batistić B B Sanković F F eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction pathology Animals Atrophy Connective Tissue pathology Dogs Epithelium pathology Nasal Mucosa pathology 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576061 3576060 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Seasonal variability in nasal sensitivity to house dust mite extract. 41-8 Nine patients with a house dust mite (HDM) allergy were monitored for one and a half year starting in Spring 1983 during immunotherapy with aqueous alum precipitated HDM extract. Evaluation included nasal provocation tests with HDM extract and histamine chloride. Nasal responsiveness was assessed by measurement of the nasal airway resistance, by counting the number of sneezes and measuring the amount of secretion. During the one and a half year hyposensitization a decrease in nasal sensitivity to HDM extract is found when measurements are compared at yearly intervals (Spring 1983-1984 and Autumn 1983-1984). However, nasal reactivity to HDM extract is elevated in autumn compared with spring (not significant in 1983, but significant in 1984). Changes in nasal sensitivity to histamine are not so obvious except for the interval between Spring 1983 and Autumn 1983. The fluctuations in nasal sensitivity could not be attributed to baseline variation in nasal resistance during the trial. We conclude that seasonal variation in sensitivity to HDM can influence the results of immunotherapy with HDM extract, and should be considered when evaluating such treatment. van Wijk R G RG Dieges P H PH van Toorenenbergen A W AW eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust IM Adolescent Adult Desensitization, Immunologic Dust adverse effects Humans Intradermal Tests Mites Nasal Provocation Tests Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis therapy Seasons 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576060 3576059 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The influence of formaldehyde on the nasal mucosa. 29-34 In 71 subjects (23 atopic patients, 22 hyperreactive patients and 26 normal test subjects) the authors twice performed a nasal provocation test with formaldehyde in three different concentrations. The test proved to be very much reproducible. There existed no clear-cut significant difference in the threshold for rhinorrhea, sneezing, tearing and pain in the three different groups. The difference in threshold for nasal blockade was very significantly different for the atopic and hyperreactive patients on one hand, and for the normal test subjects on the other hand. After the provocation a small increase in the mucociliary transport time was observed. Clement P A PA Stoop A P AP Kaufman L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-00-0 Formaldehyde IM Airway Obstruction diagnosis Airway Resistance drug effects Formaldehyde diagnostic use Humans Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nasal Provocation Tests Respiratory Hypersensitivity diagnosis 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576059 3576058 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The behaviour of nasal septal cartilage in response to trauma. 23-7 Hyaline "glassy" cartilage possesses an internal interlocked stress system. This system is designed like a sandwich in which the outer layers hold in the inner layers under a degree of tension. This arrangement gives the cartilage the property of elasticity, allowing the cartilage to revert to its original form following limited deformation. If, however, the outer layer is breached, the system breaks down and the cartilage bends to the opposite side. Fry (1967, 1968, 1974, 1976) demonstrated on human septal and articular cartilage that cartilage does deviate in this manner when scored down one side with a scalpel. He then extrapolates this experimental finding into the clinical sphere to account for the deviated nasal septum. He feels that multiple minor breaches of one side of the outer layer of the septum produce a deviated septum. A challenge of this assumption forms the basis of this paper. Human septal cartilage was traumatised and left to deviate spontaneously in-vitro. If the Fry theory is correct, the cartilaginous septum should deviate. This did not happen and, on the evidence presented in this paper, the Fry theory of the pathogenesis of the deviated nasal septum is refuted. Murray J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage injuries pathology Humans Nasal Septum injuries pathology Nose injuries Wounds, Nonpenetrating pathology 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576058 3576057 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology In vitro histamine release from nasal mucosa upon bacterial antigens. 17-22 Polyposis of the nose has been discussed as to be caused by hypersensitivity. Therefore, in vitro histamine release from nasal mucosa upon different bacterial and synthetic antigens was measured using a radioenzymatic assay. Also anti-human IgE mediated and basic release from specimens were determined. In total, 12 patients with polyposis and 21 patients with septal deviation or conchal hyperplasia were tested. Histamine release was significantly increased upon anti-IgE in polyposis only. The incubation of mucosal biopsies with the antigens on the average caused a slight elevation of histamine release in the same group. In contrast, specimens of patients with other diseases did not respond to anti-IgE or bacterial antigens. The specific increase of histamine-release from polyps after challenge with anti-IgE and similar spontaneous release in all tested individuals indicate a different pattern of mucosal reactivity in patients suffering from nasal polyposis. Baenkler H W HW Dechant F F Hosemann W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antigens, Bacterial 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E 51-45-6 Histamine IM Antigens, Bacterial immunology Histamine metabolism Humans Immunoglobulin E metabolism Nasal Mucosa immunology Nasal Polyps immunology Nose Neoplasms immunology Respiratory Hypersensitivity immunology Staphylococcus aureus immunology Streptococcus immunology 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576057 3576056 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal venous drainage in the dog. 13-6 In the dog, blood from the nasal mucosa may drain via several passageways. Venous outflow measured from the dorsal nasal veins was 30 +/- 1.4 ml/min (of both sides; n = 10) while that from the sphenopalatine veins was 12 +/- 1.0 ml/min (of both sides; n = 10). Nasal venous pressure measured from the dorsal nasal veins was 20 +/- 1.2 mm Hg (n = 10) while that from the sphenopalatine veins was 10 +/- 0.7 mm Hg (n = 10). Occlusion of the dorsal nasal venous outflow increased significantly the sphenopalatine venous outflow whereas occlusion of the sphenopalatine venous outflow had no effect on the dorsal nasal venous outflow. These findings suggest that there are probably two venous systems in the nose; a system of high flow and high pressure draining the anterior nasal cavity and a system of low flow and low pressure draining the posterior nasal cavity. Wang J C JC Lung M A MA eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Dogs anatomy & histology Nasal Mucosa blood supply Rheology Veins anatomy & histology Venous Pressure 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3576056 3554464 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Predictive value of nasal bacterial culture for etiological agents in acute maxillary sinusitis. 49-55 Nasal secretion, aspiration yield and lavage content from the sinus were studied for bacteria in 175 patients (247 sinuses) with acute maxillary sinusitis. The same pathogen was cultured from the nose and aspiration fluid in 91% of cases of acute purulent sinusitis. This indicated a significant predictive value of the nasal bacteriological culture for presence of pathogenic bacteria in the sinus in purulent cases. In cases with no growth of pathogens in the aspirate, the nasal culture showed pathogenic bacteria in about 50%. Examination of the aspiration fluid may occasionally give false negative result in purulent maxillary sinusitis (at least 3% in the present series). In these cases, culture of the irrigation yield may prove helpful. Savolainen S S Ylikoski J J Jousimes-Somer H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Bacterial Infections microbiology Haemophilus Infections microbiology Haemophilus influenzae isolation & purification Humans Male Maxillary Sinus microbiology Pneumococcal Infections microbiology Sinusitis microbiology Streptococcal Infections microbiology Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification Streptococcus pyogenes isolation & purification 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3554464 2883715 1987 06 17 1987 06 17 2007 11 15

0300-0729 25 1 1987 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis--a double blind, group comparative study of terfenadine and dexchlorpheniramine. 35-40 In order to evaluate the efficacy of and adverse reactions to terfenadine compared to dexchlorpheniramine, a double blind, group comparative study was carried out in 42 patients suffering from grass-pollen induced allergic rhinitis. The treatment was either terfenadine tablets 60 mg twice daily or dexchlorpheniramine tablets 6 mg twice daily. Nasal and eye symptoms as well as tiredness were rated daily on a scale from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). Terfenadine and dexchlorpheniramine performed almost equally well in keeping symptoms at a mild level with a superiority of dexchlorpheniramine in the control of runny nose. Dexchlorpheniramine was associated with a significant increase in the score for tiredness in contrast to terfenadine which caused no significant change. Two patients in the group treated with dexchlorpheniramine stopped treatment because of tiredness. Other adverse reactions were few, mild and transient. Johansen L V LV Bjerrum P P Illum P P eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Benzhydryl Compounds 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 132-22-9 Chlorpheniramine 25523-97-1 dexchlorpheniramine 50679-08-8 Terfenadine IM Adolescent Adult Benzhydryl Compounds adverse effects therapeutic use Chlorpheniramine adverse effects therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Histamine H1 Antagonists adverse effects therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy Terfenadine 1987 3 1 1987 3 1 0 1 1987 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2883715 3616395 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Deposition pattern from a nasal pump spray. 77-82 The initial distribution and subsequent clearance of aerosol from a hand-operated nasal pump spray has been assessed from gamma camera scans in ten normal subjects, following labelling of placebo sprays with 99Tcm labelled Teflon particles (mean diameter 2 micron). Aerosol was concentrated chiefly in the anterior part of the nose, but the area of deposition varied between subjects. No particles reached the lungs. A mean 56% of the dose was retained at the initial site of deposition 30 minutes after administration, while the remaining 44% of the dose had cleared to the nasopharynx. The initial partitioning of nasal pump sprays between ciliated and non-ciliated zones is relevant both for effective topical therapy of the nasal cavity, and for possible systemic drug delivery by the intranasal route. Newman S P SP Morén F F Clarke S W SW eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Pregnenediones 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols Budesonide Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects Pregnenediones administration & dosage 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3616395 3616394 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Recurrent epistaxis: microscopic endonasal clipping of the sphenopalatine artery. 141-2 Sulsenti G G Yanez C C Kadiri M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anticoagulants IM Anticoagulants adverse effects Epistaxis chemically induced surgery Humans Maxillary Artery surgery Microsurgery Palate blood supply Sphenoid Sinus blood supply 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3616394 3616393 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Toxic shock syndrome after nasal surgery. 139-40 Toxic syndrome was described as a complication of nasal surgery in 1982 (Thomas et al.) and eight cases have since been reported. To our knowledge this is the first case described outwith the United States. The diagnosis should be considered in any case of unexplained collapse following nasal surgery. Wilson J A JA von Haacke N P NP McAndrew P T PT Murray J A JA eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation etiology Female Humans Postoperative Complications etiology Rhinitis surgery Shock, Septic etiology Sinusitis surgery Turbinates surgery 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3616393 3616392 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Chronic atrophic rhinitis with fetor (ozena): a histopathologic tretise. 117-20 Biopsy material from 50 patients with a known clinical diagnosis of ozena was examined histopathologically. Certain features were invariably seen, including mucosal atrophy, squamous metaplasia, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate which suggests a humoral mediated immune process. Histopathologic features allow ozena to be distinguished from chronic non-specific hypertrophic rhinitis, which may have a cell-mediated immune basis underlying its pathogenesis. Abdel-Latif S M SM Baheeg S S SS Aglan Y I YI Babin R W RW Giltman L I LI eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Basement Membrane pathology Biopsy Epithelium pathology Female Humans Male Metaplasia Nasal Mucosa pathology Rhinitis, Atrophic pathology 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3616392 3616391 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A new technique using a nasal cast for anterior rhinomanometry. 109-15 A new method of sealing a pressure sensing tube into the nostril for anterior rhinomanometry is described. This involves the use of a nasal cast made from dental impression material. The results demonstrate that the nasal cast technique gives the same resistance values as the standard nasal tape technique. Obstruction of one nostril with a nasal cast for fifteen minutes is shown to have no effect on nasal resistance. The advantages of the nasal cast method compared with the nasal tape method are described. Babatola F D FD Eccles R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Silicones IM Adult Airway Obstruction diagnosis Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry instrumentation Silicones 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3616391 3616390 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2005 12 05

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The distribution of stress in the nasal septum in trauma: an experimental model. 101-7 The nose is a three-walled pyramid separated into two nostrils by a midline septum. The septum has been shown to provide considerable support to the shape of the nose. Previously nasal trauma was thought to damage solely the anterior cartilaginous septum with sparing of the posterior bony septum. Cadaver nasal fracture experiments have shown that the bony septum is often involved (Murray, 1984). This may be the reason that reduction of the fractured nasal bones by simple reposition, has been found to give a poor cosmetic and functional end result. Also seen were clinical and radiological confirmation of bony septal fractures associated with nasal bone fractures (Murray, 1984). In this experiment, the use of perspex models and bipolarised light demonstrates the lines of force passing through the bony septum which accounts for its involvement. Murray J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Biomechanics Cartilage injuries Fractures, Bone physiopathology Fractures, Cartilage Humans Models, Anatomic Nasal Bone injuries Nasal Septum injuries physiopathology Nose injuries 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3616390 3475756 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Anatomical considerations in the aetiology of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles. 83-8 Aetiological factors in the formation of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles are examined in 80 patients. The degree and duration of obstruction and the absence of alternative drainage routes are important in the development of this condition but to investigate the mechanism of bone resorption and mucocele expansion, PGE2 levels have been measured in the mucosa from mucoceles and normal frontal sinuses. Significantly greater levels of PGE2 were demonstrated in the mucocele mucosa. Whilst aetiological factors can be defined in 71%, the largest single group has no known cause and it is likely that they represent a vulnerable population in whom there is a degree of intrinsic narrowing and tortuosity of the fronto-nasal duct with total obstruction produced by minor sub-clinical inflammatory changes. Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Prostaglandins E 363-24-6 Dinoprostone IM Adolescent Adult Aged Dinoprostone Ethmoid Sinus pathology surgery Female Frontal Sinus pathology surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Mucocele pathology surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases pathology surgery Prostaglandins E metabolism Sinusitis pathology 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3475756 3303279 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Ultrasonography of the paranasal sinuses. A new computerized equipment using LCD-display and capture mode. 133-7 Ultrasonography of the paranasal sinuses is a well established method. However, no technical development in this field has taken place during the last five years. In order to improve the method a new computerized equipment with a graphic liquid crystal display (LCD) and capture mode has been designed. Jannert M M Andréasson L L Benthin M M Dahl P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted instrumentation Paranasal Sinuses pathology Sinusitis pathology Ultrasonography instrumentation 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3303279 3303278 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2007 11 15

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology One-dose beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. A preliminary report. 121-7 Forty-one patients were treated during the birch pollen season for three weeks in a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled preliminary study. Ten patients were treated with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol 400 micrograms once daily, 10 patients with placebo once daily, 10 patients with 400 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate in the morning and placebo in the evening and 11 patients with 200 micrograms beclomethasone twice daily. The severity of the nasal symptoms was compared before the trial, during the pollen season without treatment, at the time of peak pollen counts and at the end of the treatment. Symptoms were equally controlled by beclomethasone dipropionate 400 micrograms once daily (two puffs of 100 micrograms per nostril), and 200 micrograms twice daily (two puffs of 50 micrograms per nostril twice). All active drug regimens were better than placebo. In conclusion, this study shows that one-dose beclomethasone dipropionate of 400 micrograms is effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Nuutinen J J Ruoppi P P Suonpää J J eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Adult Aerosols Beclomethasone administration & dosage Clinical Trials as Topic Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Drug Administration Schedule Female Humans Male Pollen Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3303278 3112919 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Some chemical properties of tissue plasminogen activator purified from paranasal mucous membrane. 129-32 Plasminogen activator (PA) was purified from an acetone powder preparation of paranasal mucous membrane with chronic sinusitis, and some chemical properties of the purified PA were investigated in this paper. Zn-imminodiacetate affinity chromatography, lysine sepharose affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration for concentrating a PA fraction were consecutively performed to purify the PA from the acetone powder preparation. Finally, gel filtration was performed using Sephacryl S-200 in order to estimate the molecular weight of the purified PA. The purified PA in this experiment showed a stronger affinity to fibrin than urokinase did. The molecular weight of the purified PA was estimated to be 65,000 to 70,000 daltons as determined by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The Km of the purified PA was 0.11 mM. From these results, it is apparent that the PA purified from an acetone powder preparation of paranasal mucous membrane belongs to the class of tissue type plasminogen activators (t-PA). Kosugi T T Nakamura M M Tsukayama T T Haraguchi S S Noda Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 3.4.21.68 Tissue Plasminogen Activator IM Chronic Disease Humans Molecular Weight Nasal Mucosa metabolism Paranasal Sinuses metabolism Sinusitis metabolism Tissue Plasminogen Activator isolation & purification 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3112919 3039644 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2003 11 14

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The role of neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the mucociliary defence of the rabbit maxillary sinus. 89-93 Substance P (SP) released from sensory C-fibres in the airways increases the mucociliary (m.c.) activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the m.c. effects of two other neuropeptides, coexisting with SP in sensory neurones, neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). NKA increased the m.c. activity dose-dependently (dose range 0.1-5.0 micrograms/kg) the maximum increase being 33.6 +/- 6.0%. The effect was inhibited by pretreatment with the tachykinin antagonist (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)SP, but not with atropine or hexamethonium. Thus NKA released from sensory C-fibres may contribute to the non-cholinergic increase of m.c. activity observed after C-fibre stimulation. In contrast CGRP did not influence the m.c. activity. Neither did it influence the responses to NKA or SP. It is concluded that CGRP is unlikely to be involved in the control of m.c. function. Mercke U U Lindberg S S Dolata J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Neuropeptides 83652-28-2 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide 86933-74-6 Neurokinin A IM Animals Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Cilia physiology Maxillary Sinus immunology Mucous Membrane immunology Neurokinin A Neuropeptides physiology Rabbits 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3039644 2887028 1987 09 11 1987 09 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 2 1987 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effects of H1 antihistamines on canine nasal vascular and airway resistances. 95-100 The effects of three commonly used H1 antihistamines on the nasal vascular and airway resistances were studied in the dog. Promethazine hydrochloride decreased nasal vascular resistance but increased nasal airway resistance in a dose-dependent manner. Diphenylpyraline hydrochloride in low doses increased nasal vascular resistance without affecting much nasal airway resistance while in high doses decreased nasal vascular resistance but increased nasal airway resistance. Chlorpheniramine maleate in low doses increased nasal vascular resistance but decreased nasal airway resistance while in high doses decreased nasal vascular resistance without affecting much nasal airway resistance. It was concluded that different H1 antihistamines might exert vasoconstrictor or vasodilatatory action on both the resistance and capacitance vessels of the nasal vascular bed depending on the type and the dose of the drug used. Lung M A MA Wang J C JC eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Piperidines 132-22-9 Chlorpheniramine 147-20-6 diphenylpyraline 60-87-7 Promethazine IM Airway Resistance drug effects Animals Chlorpheniramine pharmacology Dogs Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Histamine H1 Antagonists pharmacology Male Nasal Mucosa blood supply Piperidines pharmacology Promethazine pharmacology Vascular Resistance drug effects 1987 6 1 1987 6 1 0 1 1987 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2887028 3432928 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal microsurgery of the middle meatus. 285-6 Sulsenti G G Yanez C C Kadiri M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Microsurgery methods Nose surgery 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3432928 3432927 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2006 04 19

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of wood dust on the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 273-7 The effect of wood dust on the mucous lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses is investigated experimentally in 20 rats. Our short-term study revealed that wood dust is a chronic irritative agent for these tissues. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School of 19 Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. Güney E E Tanyeri Y Y Kandemir B B Yalçin S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust IM Animals Dust adverse effects Epithelium pathology Mucous Membrane pathology Nasal Mucosa pathology Paranasal Sinuses pathology Rats Wood 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3432927 3432926 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The relationship between the nasal cycle and axillary sweat production. 249-57 Mean inspiratory nasal resistances and mean axillary sweating rates were recorded bilaterally every 30 minutes for a 5-7 hour period in seven subjects. One subject performed the experiment twice. Nasal resistance was measured using either anterior (n = 5) or posterior (n = 2) rhinomanometry and sweating rate was determined using a filter paper technique. The results for seven of the experiments showed that both nasal resistance and axillary sweating rate exhibited periodic reversals in side dominance. The cyclic patterns for nasal resistance and sweating rate were synchronized in phase in two experiments and 180 degrees out of phase in five experiments. These results support the concept of a central governing cycle with peripheral expression effected by the autonomic nervous system. Dept. of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Leclerc J J Doyle W J WJ Karnavas W J WJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Axilla Functional Laterality Heart Rate Humans Male Nose physiology Sweating Time Factors 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3432926 3432925 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of alcohol ingestion upon nasal airway resistance. 245-8 The effect of ingestion of moderate amounts of alcohol, on nasal airway resistance, was investigated in eight normal human subjects. Alcohol was found to significantly increase both inspiratory and expiratory nasal airway resistance, P less than 0.01. The implications of this finding are discussed, in terms of its relevance to the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Dept. of Physiology, University College Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. Eccles R R Tolley N S NS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 64-17-5 Ethanol IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Ethanol pharmacology Female Humans Male Nose drug effects Supination 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3432925 3432924 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2003 11 14

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Reimplantation of autologous septal cartilage in the growing nasal septum. I. The influence of resection and reimplantation of septal cartilage upon nasal growth: an experimental study in rabbits. 225-36 The effects of restoration of the dorso-ventral continuity of the nasal septum on the growth of the nose was investigated in growing rabbits. Submucous resection of the middle third of the septal cartilage resulted in characteristic growth disturbances of nose and maxilla. Reimplantation of the resected strip of autologous cartilage did not restore the normal development of the nose. The implants however did prevent septal perforations as seen after resection of cartilage only and showed a considerable growth in dorso-ventral direction. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Bergweg Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Nolst Trenité G J GJ Verwoerd C D CD Verwoerd-Verhoef H L HL eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cartilage transplantation Female Maxilla growth & development Nasal Septum growth & development surgery transplantation Nose growth & development Rabbits 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3432924 3324283 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2005 11 16

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal squamous carcinoma in an undertaker--does formaldehyde play a role? 279-84 Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029. Brandwein M M Pervez N N Biller H H eng Case Reports Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-00-0 Formaldehyde IM Carcinoma, Squamous Cell chemically induced Embalming Formaldehyde adverse effects Humans Male Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms chemically induced Occupational Diseases chemically induced 18 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3324283 3324282 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology On the history of the Ermiro de Lima's approach to the ethmoid, sphenoid and frontal sinuses (preliminary report). 265-71 Neves-Pinto R M RM eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q History, 20th Century Otolaryngology history Paranasal Sinuses surgery de Lima E E 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3324282 3324281 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2005 11 16

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Arhinia revisited. 237-44 Arhinia is a rare anomaly in which a total absence of the nose and parts of the olfactory system occurs. It is frequently associated with various multiple central nervous system (CNS) and somatic anomalies of different degrees of severity, with high mortality rate. Twelve cases that have been reported in the literature are analyzed according to multiple criteria. The anomalies that have been found to be associated with arhinia are: lack of olfactory bulbs and nerves, missing paranasal sinuses, high arched or cleft palate, various eye anomalies, low set ears - all in a very high incidence. Various degrees of CNS malformations have been found in part of the cases. Somatic anomalies have been reported in 50% of the cases. In two cases chromosome 9 anomalies have been reported. A classification is suggested in which arhinia is classified into arhinia (total absence of the nose and rhinencephalon) and partial arhinia (partial absence of the nose), each may or may not be associated with other malformations (facial, CNS and somatic). Dept. of Otolaryngology, Bikur Holim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. Cohen D D Goitein K J KJ eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abnormalities, Multiple Humans Nose abnormalities embryology 36 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3324281 2448862 1988 03 08 1988 03 08 2010 11 18

0300-0729 25 4 1987 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The usefulness of irrigation of the maxillary sinus in children with maxillary sinusitis on the basis of the Water's X-ray. 259-64 The authors studied 80 children with sinusitis, all treated with amoxycillin and a decongestive preparation. The authors reached the conclusion that in 30 out of 80 children the third standard X-ray becomes normal without further treatment. In the remaining 50 children the usefulness of irrigation of the maxillary sinus was studied: one group was treated with antroscopy and sinuscopy while the second group did not receive this treatment (control). In both groups control X-rays were performed after three weeks. There was no significant difference between the two groups, which indicates that irrigation does not lead to a better cure. A correlation of 71% was found between X-ray findings and antroscopic findings. As a first treatment antibiotics are recommended. H. Hartclinic, Eeklo, Belgium. Maes J J JJ Clement P A PA eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Child Child, Preschool Combined Modality Therapy Humans Imidazoles therapeutic use Maxillary Sinus radiography Nasal Decongestants therapeutic use Oxymetazoline therapeutic use Sinusitis radiography therapy Therapeutic Irrigation 1987 12 1 1987 12 1 0 1 1987 12 1 0 0 ppublish 2448862 3775189 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Occurrence of asymptomatic sinusitis in common cold and other acute ENT-infections. 223-5 Berg O O Carenfelt C C Rystedt G G Anggård A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Common Cold complications Female Humans Male Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases complications Sinusitis complications 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775189 3775188 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Isolated sphenoid sinus aspergillosis: a case report. 219-22 Comoretto R R Carbone A A Barzan L L Caruso G G eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aspergillosis diagnosis pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis pathology Sphenoid Sinus pathology 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775188 3775187 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Severe visual disturbance after exposure of the optic canal during intranasal ethmosphenoidectomy. 211-7 The cause of disturbed visual acuity associated with intranasal ethmosphenoidectomy is, on the one hand, a direct injury to the optic nerve. In this case, the disturbance in visual acuity develops immediately after the operation, and severe visual complications with a poor prognosis are found. On the other hand, in the two cases presented in this paper, the disturbed visual acuity develops postoperatively. In this case, it is necessary to take various possibilities into consideration, such as indirect effects of intraorbital bleeding, and damage to the lamina papyracea due to indirect and direct injury. Moreover, effects on the peri-optic nerve area and small blood vessels within the osseous optic canal should be considered. After thorough consideration and observation of the response to conservative therapy, such complications should be treated by investigating whether or not decompression of the optic nerve is effective. Ohmae T T Ashikawa R R Ichikawa T T eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Blindness etiology Ethmoid Sinus surgery Humans Male Middle Aged Optic Nerve anatomy & histology Optic Nerve Injuries Postoperative Complications etiology Sphenoid Sinus surgery Visual Acuity 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775187 3775186 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Congenital choanal atresia treated by laser surgery. 205-9 Nine patients with choanal atresia have been operated upon with the carbon dioxide laser. Five of the patients had been operated upon before by various methods, and four of the cases were unilateral and untreated before. The operation was performed under general anaesthesia using the operating microscope. The pharyngeal mucosa was protected by a saline-soaked packing in the nasal pharynx. No stent was used in the postoperative period. Normal air passage was obtained in six patients, and one patient, who had co-existing adhesions through the whole nasal cavity after previous treatment by dilation, achieved a limited air passage after one laser treatment, and further attempts were postponed until he grew older. One patient did not want another try after one failure. One patient has been operated recently, and the result is uncertain. Laser-treatment of choanal atresia seems to make other methods of operation obsolete for the following reasons: The operation is easy and quick and of slight discomfort to the patient. The time of hospitalization is short, and the operation can be repeated, if a good result is not achieved in the first try. And most important is the fact, that no stent is needed. Illum P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Choanal Atresia surgery Female Humans Laser Therapy Male 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775186 3775185 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2003 11 14

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The vascular arrangement of the nasal septum of the Mongolian gerbil. A scanning electron microscopy study. 199-204 This paper reports the results of a scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) study on the vascular arrangement of the nasal septum of the gerbil rat. Using the microcorrosion cast technique we were able to visualize the overall picture of the capillary beds of the nasal septum. With this technique we could demonstrate the different levels of the arterious and venous arrangements in the septal mucosa. Tange R A RA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Gerbillinae anatomy & histology Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Nasal Mucosa blood supply ultrastructure Nasal Septum blood supply ultrastructure 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775185 3775184 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2009 11 19

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Significance of lysosomal proteases; cathepsins B and H in maxillary mucosa and nasal polyp with non-atopic chronic inflammation. 187-94 Tissue extracts from maxillary mucosa (MM) and nasal polyp (NP) with non-atopic chronic inflammation were applied to DEAE-Sepharose, and hydrolytic activity of lysosomal proteases (cathepsins B and H) was measured by the fluorometric assay. Hydrolytic activity of cathepsins B and H in MM, of which cathepsin B was a major one, was about 3.5 times as high as that in NP. Protein composition resembled in both extracts except for several apparent protein bands with high molecular weight observed in NP. These results suggest that in MM with chronic inflammation, mucosal destruction induced by excess lysosomal granuloproteases overwhelming protease inhibitors would occur, being much related to the formation of its irreversible lesion. Hamaguchi Y Y Ohi M M Sakakura Y Y Miyoshi Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 3.4.- Cathepsins EC 3.4.22.- Cysteine Endopeptidases EC 3.4.22.1 Cathepsin B EC 3.4.22.16 CTSH protein, human EC 3.4.22.16 Cathepsin H IM Cathepsin B analysis Cathepsin H Cathepsins analysis Cysteine Endopeptidases Female Fluorometry Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Mucous Membrane enzymology Nasal Polyps enzymology Sinusitis enzymology 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775184 3775183 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Resistance to respiratory airflow of the nasal passages: comparisons between different common methods of calculation. 163-73 Computer assisted active posterior rhinomanometric determinations of resistance were made with four adult subjects. A face mask and pneumotach were used to measure respiratory airflow. The magnitude and variation of six different instantaneous and time averaged methods of calculation of resistance resulting from simultaneous measurements were compared. Over a resistance range of 1-6 cm H2O/l/sec (0.1-0.6 Pa/cm3/sec) time averaged results approximated those computed at 75 Pa and were 20-25% less than those at 150 Pa. Over the same range of nasal patencies, the coefficients of variation averaged 6-8% in 144 series of 10 measurements which were obtained from six modes of resistance computation in four subjects (total 1440). Time averaged results showed the least variation. A frequency range of 10-26 breaths/min increased the coefficient of variation only to 9% and a ventilation range of 7-24 l/min increased it to 11%, quantitative relationships between resistances and pattern of breathing were not evident. Mask positioning was critical, small maladjustments resulted in large resistive changes. Cole P P Havas T E TE eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Nasal Cavity physiology Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775183 3775182 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The influence of nasal obstruction on mucociliary transport. 159-62 The influence of nasal obstruction on mucociliary transport is tested by the saccharin test (Andersen). Twenty normal subjects were tested with open nose and subsequently with the nose closed by a clamp. The transport times were significantly longer, when the nose was clamped. It is diScussed that nasal obstruction and missing ventilation leads to changes in the mucus layers by superfluent humidity. This causes a decoupling of the mucociliary transport. Thus a new aspect in pathogenesis of nasal and sinus disease is given. Deitmer T T Erwig H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Biological Transport Cilia physiology Constriction Humans Mucus secretion Nasal Mucosa secretion Nose physiology Saccharin diagnostic use Time Factors 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3775182 3534992 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Perennial rhinitis treated with a new steroid: fluocortin butylester (FCB). 175-9 The effect of fluocortin butylester (FCB) in the topical treatment of perennial rhinitis was investigated in a double-blind study using a cross-over technique. The daily dose was 4 mg. Of the 30 patients who completed the trial, 26 had either allergy or nasal eosinophilia. 20 of the 30 patients preferred FCB to placebo. Moreover, there was a positive, but not statistically significant, therapeutic effect according to the patient score cards (0.1 less than p less than 0.2). In other words, the results are positive, but not definite. It is concluded that possibly the dose ought to be increased to obtain a more reliable effect. Moesgaard-Nielsen V V Vinther B B Illum P P Harvig H H eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 152-97-6 Fluocortolone 41767-29-7 fluocortin butyl ester IM Administration, Inhalation Adult Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Fluocortolone administration & dosage analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3534992 3095901 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Small bowel permeability in patients with nasal polyposis. 195-8 Small bowel absorption defects have been noted in a proportion of patients with atopic eczema. Eighteen patients with recurrent nasal polyps had the cellobiose/mannitol ratio test performed in order to assess their small bowel function. Evidence for atopy was found in 11 of 18 patients. Histologically the polyps were described as allergic but the cellobiose/mannitol ratio was normal in all cases. No evidence for a small bowel absorption defect was obtained. Maran A G AG Small M M Ferguson A A Rutherford D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 16462-44-5 Cellobiose 69-65-8 Mannitol IM Adult Aged Cellobiose diagnostic use Female Humans Intestinal Absorption Intestine, Small physiopathology Male Mannitol diagnostic use Middle Aged Nasal Polyps immunology physiopathology 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3095901 2946068 1986 12 16 1986 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 3 1986 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effects of autonomotropic drugs on allergic nasal mucosa. 181-6 The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of different kinds of autonomotropic drugs on the nasal mucosa as well as on the nasal reaction to specific allergens in patients with nasal allergy. First, phenylephrine (alpha-agonist), phentolamine (alpha-antagonist), isoproterenol (beta-agonist), propranolol (beta-antagonist), methacholine (choline agonist), or ipratropium (choline antagonist) was applied to the nasal mucosa with an atomizer using saline as control. Definitive effects appeared at the spray of alpha-agonist or choline agonist. Phenylephrine reduced nasal airway resistance, and methacholine increased nasal secretion. Secondly, after treatment with the drugs, nasal provocations were performed. The statistically significant effects were noted as follows: phenylephrine spray inhibited the increase of nasal airway resistance, while phentolamine or isoproterenol enhanced it. Methacholine enhanced nasal secretion, while ipratropium inhibited it. None of the drugs, however, affected the number of sneezes. The present results suggest that adrenergic receptors are mainly distributed on the walls of vessels and cholinergic receptors mainly on the secretory glands. Pharmacological conditions of the local autonomic nervous system would affect the nasal response in allergy in different ways according to different conditions. Watase T T Okuda M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Autonomic Agents 0 Methacholine Compounds 50-60-2 Phentolamine 525-66-6 Propranolol 59-42-7 Phenylephrine 60205-81-4 Ipratropium 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride 7683-59-2 Isoproterenol IM Airway Resistance drug effects Autonomic Agents pharmacology Bronchial Provocation Tests Humans Ipratropium pharmacology Isoproterenol pharmacology Methacholine Chloride Methacholine Compounds pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects innervation Phentolamine pharmacology Phenylephrine pharmacology Propranolol pharmacology 1986 9 1 1986 9 1 0 1 1986 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2946068 3704467 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal physiology in children. 7-13 McCaffrey T V TV eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction complications physiopathology Airway Resistance Child Child, Preschool Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Maxillofacial Development Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nose physiology Nose Diseases complications congenital physiopathology Respiratory Tract Infections etiology Sleep Apnea Syndromes etiology 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3704467 3704466 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Some aspects of the secretory activity of the human olfactory glands. 57-60 Two kinds of secretions, both merocrine and apocrine, have been detected in the serous adenomeres of the human olfactory glands. While the low-density vesicles secrete their products into the glandular lumen by a merocrine way (exocytosis), the electron-dense granules are produced by an apocrine mechanism. Lucheroni A A Maurizi M M Spreca A A Palmerini C A CA Binazzi M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Apocrine Glands cytology secretion Humans Olfactory Mucosa cytology secretion Sweat Glands secretion 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3704466 3704465 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal resistance measured by anterior rhinomanometry. 49-55 The technique and principle of the active anterior rhinomanometry were justified by human examination and model experiment. The resistance values obtained from anterior method did not always agree with those from posterior one. Causes of the disagreement were considered to be distortion of the nostrils, air leakage from the apparatus and resistive component in the nasopharynx. These possibilities were demonstrated and analyzed in model experiments. The anterior rhinomanometry was concluded as a precise and convenient method to assess the conductivity of the nasal cavities. Unno T T Naitoh Y Y Sakamoto N N Horikawa H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry methods Nasal Cavity physiology Nasopharynx physiology Nose physiology 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3704465 3704464 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Understanding aerodynamics in the correction of the narrow nose. 41-7 Nasal obstruction can be relieved in the prominent and narrow nose by a nasal widening procedure called the "let out" based on the "en bloc" mobilization used in the "push down" rhinoplasty. Calculations using measurements made on the cadaver show that widening of the angle of the liminal valve and an increased rigidity of the upper lateral cartilage are responsible for the improved airway rather a presumed increase of the cross section of the valve. The associated increase of intranasal velocity provides an aerodynamic explanation for certain phenomenons observed after cosmetic rhinoplasties. A clinical case is presented and the principles of "en bloc" mobilization are shown by line drawings. Arbour P P Bilgen E E eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction surgery Humans Male Mathematics Nose Diseases surgery Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinoplasty methods 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3704464 3704463 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Open questions in nasal surgery in children. 37-40 Pirsig W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Age Factors Child Child, Preschool Humans Infant Maxillofacial Development Nasal Septum growth & development Nose growth & development injuries Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3704463 3704462 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Malignant rhinological tumours in children. 31-5 van Cauwenberge P P Benoit Y Y Delbeke M J MJ Kluyskens P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Age Factors Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Lymphoma mortality pathology therapy Male Neoplasm Metastasis Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms mortality pathology therapy Rhabdomyosarcoma mortality pathology therapy Sex Factors 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3704462 3518026 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Development of the immune system in children. 15-24 Mogi G G Kawauchi H H Kurono Y Y eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunoglobulin A 0 Immunoglobulin A, Secretory IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Animals Cell Wall immunology Child Child, Preschool Guinea Pigs Humans Immune System growth & development Immunoglobulin A analysis Immunoglobulin A, Secretory analysis Infant Leukocytes immunology Lymphocyte Activation Nasal Mucosa immunology secretion Streptococcus pyogenes immunology 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3518026 3486445 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2006 11 15

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Immunological response to outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with acute sinusitis. 61-6 The immunological response of 30 patients with acute sinusitis was examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed to detect antibodies against outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae. Using this ELISA, we found that 15 patients had slight increases in specific antibody in their convalescent serum. Maxillary sinus secretions from 15 patients had specific antibodies. IgG and IgA antibodies were detected with equal frequency, but IgA antibody was often found in maxillary sinus secretions while it was absent from serum. Thus it appears that patients with acute sinusitis respond systemically and locally with the specific antibody to H. influenzae. Harada T T Sakakura Y Y Miyoshi Y Y eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Bacterial 0 Immunoglobulin A 0 Immunoglobulin G 0 Immunoglobulin M IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Bacterial immunology Cell Wall immunology Child Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Haemophilus Infections immunology Haemophilus influenzae immunology Humans Immunoglobulin A immunology Immunoglobulin G immunology Immunoglobulin M immunology Maxillary Sinus immunology Sinusitis etiology immunology 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3486445 3085198 1986 06 11 1986 06 11 2005 11 17

0300-0729 24 1 1986 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Allergy in childhood. 25-9 Passali D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Beclomethasone therapeutic use Child Cromolyn Sodium therapeutic use Desensitization, Immunologic methods Humans Manometry methods Mucus analysis Nasal Mucosa secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis drug therapy therapy 1986 3 1 1986 3 1 0 1 1986 3 1 0 0 ppublish 3085198 3738373 1986 09 16 1986 09 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 24 2 1986 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Measurement and regulation of nasal airflow resistance in man. 87-101 A method for measuring human nasal airflow resistance (Rnaw) is described. Air flows at constant pressure through both nasal cavities via a face mask and out through the mouth. Airflow is inversely related to Rnaw. The method has several advantages over many other methods for measuring Rnaw, in particular allowing aerodynamic separation of nose and lungs, and frequent measurements over long periods without discomfort to or intervention with subjects or patients. We have used this method to obtain standard values of Rnaw in healthy subjects and in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. Age has a negative correlation with Rnaw but no sexual difference was seen. Cigarette smoking increases Rnaw especially in young adults. Patients with rhinopathy have much higher resistances than healthy subjects, but those with asthma alone do not. Rnaw is sensitive to changes in ventilation and lung volumes; deep inspiration and oral hyperventilation decrease Rnaw, while deep expiration, nasal hyperventilation and breath-holding increase it. Hypoxia and hypercapnia locally applied in the nose increase Rnaw. It is suggested that these changes are predominantly due to changes in control of the nasal vascular bed. Syabbalo N C NC Bundgaard A A Entholm P P Schmidt A A Widdicombe J G JG eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Asthma physiopathology Breath Tests methods Female Humans Hyperventilation physiopathology Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology physiopathology Rhinitis physiopathology Smoking 1986 6 1 1986 6 1 0 1 1986 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3738373 3738372 1986 09 16 1986 09 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 24 2 1986 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Reconstruction of the anterior nasal septum by transplantation. 147-50 Different implantation materials have been used for reconstruction of the infrastructures of the nose. Preserved allografts from the nasal septum or autografts from costal cartilage are regarded as the best. A new technique for reconstruction of the anterior septum has been used in 14 patients during 1979-1982. A pocket (13-18 mm X 22-27 mm) was first prepared between the mucous membranes from the nasal spine to the dorsum of the nose. With a piece of 1 mm thick Silastic as a model a cartilage graft was taken from the superior part of the auricle. The perichondrium on both sides was preserved to permit a good revascularisation, keep the cartilage viable and prevent resorption. The graft was kept in place in the pocket with Silastic splint on each side of the septum for two weeks. In none of the patients was any resorption noted. Petruson B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Ear Cartilage transplantation Ear, External transplantation Humans Nasal Septum surgery Transplantation, Autologous 1986 6 1 1986 6 1 0 1 1986 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3738372 3738371 1986 09 16 1986 09 16 2003 11 14

0300-0729 24 2 1986 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of a macrolide antibiotic against experimental sinusitis. 141-5 The effect of a macrolide antibiotic on experimentally induced sinusitis in rabbits was evaluated. Compared with the control group, the effect on sinus mucosal pathology was significantly superior in the drug-treated groups. Inflammation models as used in the present study will contribute to the establishment of a suitable pharmacotherapy for sinusitis. Maeyama T T Ohyama M M Saitoh H H Nobori T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Leucomycins 55881-07-7 Miocamycin 74014-51-0 rokitamycin IM Animals Leucomycins therapeutic use Maxillary Sinus Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Miocamycin analogs & derivatives Nasal Mucosa pathology Rabbits Sinusitis drug therapy pathology 1986 6 1 1986 6 1 0 1 1986 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3738371 3738370 1986 09 16 1986 09 16 2006 11 15

0300-0729 24 2 1986 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Pathophysiological condition of the nose of asthmatic children with subclinical nasal allergy. 133-40 Nasal mucociliary transport time, nasal hypersensitivity to histamine, the number of basophils and eosinophils in the superficial mucous layer of the inferior turbinate, and the amount of histamine in the nasal secretion were measured in the asthmatic children with subclinical nasal allergy (asthma group). These results were compared with those in nasal allergic patients with nasal symptoms (nasal allergy group). Saccharin time did not show any significant difference between the asthma and nasal allergy group. The threshold for nasal hypersensitivity to histamine was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the nasal allergy group. Accumulation of basophils and eosinophils in the superficial mucous layer of the inferior turbinate were observed in both groups. There was a statistical correlation between the number of basophils and the number of eosinophils in the superficial nasal mucosa in the nasal allergy group, but not in the asthma group. These data suggest that basophilic cell function in the superficial mucous layer in the nose is of greater significance in the development of nasal symptoms in response to nasal allergy than either mucociliary activity or nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine. Ukai K K Sakakura Y Y Miyoshi Y Y Uchida Y Y eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adolescent Asthma physiopathology Basophils Child Child, Preschool Eosinophils Female Histamine pharmacology Humans Male Nasal Mucosa cytology drug effects physiopathology secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial physiopathology 1986 6 1 1986 6 1 0 1 1986 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3738370 3738369 1986 09 16 1986 09 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 2 1986 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Studies of paranasal sinus ventilation by xenon-enhanced dynamic CT. 103-12 A new method to determine ventilation of the paranasal sinuses is presented. After insufflation of pure stable xenon into the sinus system via the nasal cavity the gas wash-out is detected by means of quantitative dynamic computerized tomography. The measured time density curves allow to derive gas exchange parameters for all paranasal sinuses. We report mean gas exchange times for the maxillary, sphenoidal and frontal sinuses as well as the posterior ethmoidal cells obtained from 17 patient studies. Some clinical examples are discussed in detail. Compared to existing procedures, xenon-enhanced dynamic CT is the only non-invasive quantitative method to determine ventilation of all paranasal sinuses. Rettinger G G Süss C C Kalender W A WA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7440-63-3 Xenon IM Humans Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis radiography Paranasal Sinuses physiology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed Xenon diagnostic use 1986 6 1 1986 6 1 0 1 1986 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3738369 3526522 1986 09 16 1986 09 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 24 2 1986 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Clinical study on beclomethasone dipropionate powder preparation (TL-102) in perennial nasal allergy. 113-23 The efficacy, safety and optimal dose of TL-102, a powder mixture of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HCP) were studied in 250 patients with perennial nasal allergy in an intergroup comparative double-blind manner. Four different capsules containing respectively 30 micrograms of HCP and 1.5 micrograms, 12.5 micrograms, 25 micrograms and 50 micrograms of BDP, were prepared and the drug was applied intranasally evenly between both nostrils at a dose of 2 cap./day b.i.d. for one week. The degrees of overall improvement, usefulness, improvement of nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal blockage) and improvement of rhinoscopical findings (mucosal swelling and nasal secretion) were found to be dose-dependent. Antigen provocation reaction and nasal eosinophil count were both inhibited as compared with the TL 1.5 g group. The incidence of side effects was 4.5%, but all side effects observed were mild. Using TL-102 resulted in a therapeutic effect comparable to the conventional BDP preparations using a dose 1/4th of the normal dose of these BDP preparations. The incidence of side effects was 1/3th in comparison with conventional BDP. It was suitable to administer BDP 50 micrograms capsule containing 30 mg of HCP twice a day. Okuda M M Okamoto M M Nomura Y Y Saito Y Y eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Powders 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 9004-34-6 Cellulose 9004-64-2 hydroxypropylcellulose IM Administration, Intranasal Beclomethasone therapeutic use Cellulose analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Powders Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy 1986 6 1 1986 6 1 0 1 1986 6 1 0 0 ppublish 3526522 2943014 1986 09 16 1986 09 16 2009 11 19

0300-0729 24 2 1986 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Proteolytic activity and serum protease inhibitors in nasal secretions from adult patients with common colds. 125-32 Proteolytic activity and concentrations of serum protease inhibitors were measured in nasal secretions collected from 14 adult patients (6 males and 8 females) with common colds. Elastase concentration and fibrinolytic activity increased about three days after the onset of the colds, and there was a significant correlation between both values (p less than 0.01). Trypsin-like protease activity was very low. Of all serum protease inhibitors, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor could not be detected, and alpha 2-macroglobulin could be detected in only two cases. Variation of alpha 1-antitrypsin value was very similar to that of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and there was a significant correlation between alpha 1-antitrypsin and elastase (p less than 0.001). Phoretic patterns of crossed immuneelectrophoresis revealed the presence of alpha 1-antitrypsin-protease complex. alpha-protease inhibitors are major serum protease inhibitors in nasal secretions of persons with colds, and inhibit excess proteolytic activity of serine proteases. This protection is considered to be one of the major factors in preventing irreversible mucosal change. Hamaguchi Y Y Ohi M M Ukai K K Sakakura Y Y Miyoshi Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Protease Inhibitors EC 3.4.- Cathepsins EC 3.4.- Endopeptidases EC 3.4.21.36 Pancreatic Elastase EC 3.4.21.7 Fibrinolysin EC 3.4.22.1 Cathepsin B IM Adult Cathepsin B Cathepsins blood metabolism Common Cold enzymology Endopeptidases blood metabolism Female Fibrinolysin blood metabolism Humans Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional Male Mucus enzymology Nasal Mucosa secretion Pancreatic Elastase blood metabolism Protease Inhibitors blood metabolism 1986 6 1 1986 6 1 0 1 1986 6 1 0 0 ppublish 2943014 3823752 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Arhinia. 287-92 Cohen D D Goitein K K eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Infant, Newborn Male Nasal Bone abnormalities Nasal Cavity abnormalities Nose abnormalities Olfactory Bulb abnormalities Olfactory Nerve abnormalities Paranasal Sinuses abnormalities Rhinoplasty methods 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823752 3823751 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Pressure-induced expansion of the maxillary sinus. A rare entity. 283-6 Sobin A A Carenfelt C C Haverling M M Anggård A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Obstruction diagnosis Cysts diagnosis Humans Male Maxillary Sinus surgery Nasal Polyps diagnosis Nasal Septum surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis surgery Postoperative Complications diagnosis surgery 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823751 3823750 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Studies of transnasal pressure and airflow values in a Japanese population. 277-82 The proportions of subjects who attained transnasal pressure and flow values of different magnitudes during spontaneous nasal breathing at rest were determined. Several co-ordinate points on transnasal pressure: flow curves generated by 77 (34 M, 43 F) healthy Japanese subjects aged 15-65 years were examined. By posterior rhinomanometry the proportion approximated 100% at Brom's radii R1 and R2 and 80-90% at 0.25 l/sec flow and at 0.5 cm H2O (50 Pa) pressure when both nasal cavities were patent. When one nasal cavity was occluded the results were 100% at radius R1 and 80-90% at radius R2 and 0.5 cm H2O (50 Pa) pressure. By anterior rhinomanometry, the proportion approximated 100% at radius R1 and 0.5 cm H2O (50 Pa) pressure and was quite high at radius R2 and 1.0 cm H2O (100 Pa) pressure. Pressure and flow are more representative at points where the pressure: flow curve includes the turbulent flow component than at radius R1 and 0.5 cm H2O (50 Pa) pressure. Calculation of total nasal resistance from unilateral resistances at 1.0 cm H2O (100 Pa) appears a suitable compromise and this point is recommended for a Japanese population. Ohki M M Hasegawa M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Humans Japan Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Pulmonary Ventilation 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823750 3823749 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal vasomotor responses in man to breath holding and hyperventilation recorded by means of intranasal balloons. 271-6 Nasal vasomotor responses were recorded in conscious human subjects by means of water filled balloons. Hyperventilation caused an increase in intranasal balloon pressure associated with vasodilatation whereas breath holding caused a decrease associated with vasoconstriction. The amplitude of the nasal vasomotor response was influenced by the nasal cycle with the greatest response always observed on the congested or low airflow side of the nose. The results suggest that an elevated arterial level of carbon dioxide causes a pronounced vasoconstruction of the nasal blood vessels and that this response may be clinically relevant in controlling nasal bleeding. Babatola F D FD Eccles R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Hyperventilation physiopathology Male Nasal Mucosa blood supply Pulmonary Ventilation Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Vasomotor System physiopathology 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823749 3823748 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2010 11 18

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Balanced physiological saline in the treatment of chronic rhinitis. 265-9 The effects of a special balanced physiological saline on nasal symptoms of 93 patients with chronic rhinitis were studied. The main diagnoses of the patients were allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and ozaena, rhinitis sicca, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyposis and postoperative condition after nasal surgery. The tested solution was administered by a simple metered dose pump. 85 (91%) of the patients reported beneficial effects of the tested solution on nasal symptoms. In addition, 22 (71%) of those patients who used continuous anti-allergic medication, mainly intranasal steroids, reported that the tested solution improved the efficacy of their ordinary drug. So the tested solution proved to be beneficial in humidifying atrophic or otherwise dry mucosa, douching crusty nose and as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nuutinen J J Holopainen E E Haahtela T T Ruoppi P P Silvasti M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride IM Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis etiology therapy Sodium Chloride therapeutic use Therapeutic Irrigation 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823748 3823747 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Measurement of nasal mucociliary transport rate in normal man. 241-7 After reviewing the main methods existing to calculate the rate of the mucociliary transport, the authors describe their personal technique. A 99mTechnetium Sulphur Colloid drop is deposited in the nasal fossa, which is carried away by the cilia down to the rhinopharynx and followed by a gamma camera. To calculate the transport rate, a new method of quantification has been introduced, based on the formation of a parametric image. A study was carried out in 14 males without any pathology of the upper airways, obtaining a mean velocity of 5.3 mm per min (range 3.3.-8.2). De España R R Franch M M García A A Pavía J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid IM Adult Age Factors Ciliary Motility Disorders radionuclide imaging Humans Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Male Middle Aged Nose Diseases radionuclide imaging Reference Values Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid diagnostic use 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823747 3823746 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology A modification of the saccharine test for nasal mucociliary clearance. 237-40 The saccharine test for assessing mucociliary clearance in the nose is the most practicable method. As the used sodium salt of saccharine is well water soluble, there is suspicion of interference with the very delicate two-layer-system of mucus or transport merely in the periciliary fluid, thus bringing about methodical errors. This is avoided by using inert tracers such as radioactively tagged ion exchange resin particles, which on the other hand must be observed with expensive equipment. A synthesis of both methods is demonstrated by using saccharine loaden ion exchange resin particles. The validity of the test is proven in vitro and in vivo. Deitmer T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anion Exchange Resins 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Animals Anion Exchange Resins diagnostic use Chronic Disease Ciliary Motility Disorders diagnosis Common Cold diagnosis Dogs Humans Nose Diseases diagnosis Rhinitis diagnosis Saccharin diagnostic use 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823746 3823745 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2007 11 15

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Transplantation terminology in nasal surgery. 235-6 Helder A H AH Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage transplantation Humans Rhinoplasty methods Surgical Flaps Terminology as Topic 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3823745 3547602 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Microbial flora of nose and paranasal sinuses in chronic maxillary sinusitis. 257-64 Nasal secretions, maxillary sinus aspirates and specimens of the maxillary sinus mucosa were collected in 44 patients aged between 25 and 60 affected by mono- or bilateral chronic maxillary sinusitis, in order to establish the best sampling technique for microbiological purposes, the most frequently involved bacteria and the physiopathological mechanism underlying chronic maxillary disease. The sinusal mucosa resulted to be the most reliable sample as it reduces contamination and microbial variability. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in nasal swab (15.6%), in maxillary sinus aspirates (30.4%) and in maxillary sinus mucosa (36.4%) of maxillary sinusitis patients. In controls anaerobic bacteria were isolated only in one nasal swab (2.3%), while they could not be isolated in maxillary sinus aspirates and in maxillary sinus mucosa. The presence of anaerobic bacteria in chronic maxillary sinusitis patients and their absence in controls seem to confirm that anaerobic microorganisms represent the main pathogenetic agents of chronic maxillary sinusitis. The possible physiopathological mechanisms underlying chronic maxillary sinus disease are finally discussed. Almadori G G Bastianini L L Bistoni F F Maurizi M M Ottaviani F F Paludetti G G Scuteri F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Bacteria isolation & purification Bacterial Infections microbiology Bacteriological Techniques Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus microbiology Middle Aged Nasal Cavity microbiology Nasal Mucosa microbiology Sinusitis microbiology 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3547602 3547601 1987 04 03 1987 04 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 24 4 1986 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in healthy young men. 249-55 The nasal cavity of 97 young healthy men (applicants for the pilot education in the Finnish Air Force) was examined. Bacterial culture demonstrated one or more species of aerobic bacteria in all 194 nasal cavities examined and anaerobic bacteria in 76.5%. In ten per cent of the cultures bacteria were detected after enrichment only. The most common aerobic bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis (79%), diphtheroids (41%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34%). Haemophilus influenzae was found in 5% and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 0.5%. Anaerobic culture yielded Propionibacterium acnes in 74.5% and Peptococcus magnus in 3.5%. Savolainen S S Ylikoski J J Jousimies-Somer H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Bacteria isolation & purification Bacteriological Techniques Humans Male Nasal Cavity microbiology Nasal Mucosa microbiology Reference Values 1986 12 1 1986 12 1 0 1 1986 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3547601 4059809 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comparative study of standard radiology, sinuscopy and sinusomanometry in the maxillary sinus of the adult (about 465 maxillary sinuses). 237-46 The authors examine the correlations among standard X-ray, sinuscopy and sinusomanometry for 465 maxillary sinuses in the adult. Good overall correspondence does exist between radiography and sinuscopy (51.59 to 90.91%) but there is no real correlation between sinusomanometry and a sinuscopy that fails to visualize the ostium. Correlation is excellent when the morphologic appearance of the ostium is studied in conjunction with the sinusomanometric findings (82.09%). This study demonstrates the morphologic and the functional examinations to be rigorously complementary and indissociable. Bertrand B M BM Robillard T A TA eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Endoscopy Female Humans Male Manometry Maxillary Sinus pathology physiopathology radiography Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Sinusitis diagnosis pathology physiopathology 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059809 4059808 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Fundamental considerations of the design and function of intranasal antrostomies. 231-6 The operation of intranasal antrostomy was first described by Gooch in 1770 and has been performed since then with varying degrees of popularity. Little is known of the natural history of the antrostomy, particularly about its tendency to close. To elucidate this, researches have been conducted, aimed at establishing a number of measurable factors associated with closure. A clinical study has been conducted which includes a prospective assessment of intranasal antrostomies performed on 55 patients. The size of the antrostomy is assessed per-operatively and at regular intervals post-operatively using direct measurement and serial photography via a modified Hopkins rod. A retrospective study has also been performed on all patients who underwent intranasal antrostomy between 1979-1982, using similar techniques. The results of a statistical analysis of intranasal antrostomies performed since 1950 are also presented as are the results of a survey of the techniques used by surgeons when performing this procedure. The work presented in this paper offers the answers to a number of questions which have been posed about this simple and popular operation. Lund V J VJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nose surgery Sinusitis surgery 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059808 4059807 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A nasal prosthesis for treatment of nasal airway obstruction. 223-9 Surgery is not always the best approach for immediate resolution of nasal airway problems. In some instances, surgery may be deferred, unnecessary, contraindicated or frankly refused by the patient. For some of these patients, the use of a simple intranasal prosthesis to enhance the passage of air through the nasal valve region is beneficial. Five patients meeting these criteria were fitted with a prosthesis and carefully evaluated pre- and postinsertion with rhinomanometry. Other situations are discussed where such a prosthetic device might be helpful. Ford C N CN Rezakhany S S Ewanowski S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Nasal Septum abnormalities physiopathology Nose abnormalities physiopathology Nose Deformities, Acquired physiopathology therapy Nose Diseases physiopathology therapy Prostheses and Implants Pulmonary Ventilation 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059807 4059806 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Macromolecular permeability of the tight junction of the human nasal mucosa. 213-21 Using HRP as a cytochemical tracer, we investigated the tight junctional permeability of the human nasal mucosa in the early stage of its transportation. We found that the tight junction becomes "leaky" in the inflammatory and in the allergic conditions. Connection of goblet-goblet and goblet-ciliated cells were weaker than that of ciliated-ciliated cells. All epithelial tight junctions seemed to be loose in cases of allergic rhinitis. Inagaki M M Sakakura Y Y Itoh H H Ukai K K Miyoshi Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 1.11.1.- Horseradish Peroxidase IM Biological Transport Chronic Disease Epithelium physiopathology ultrastructure Horseradish Peroxidase diagnostic use Humans Intercellular Junctions physiology ultrastructure Nasal Mucosa physiopathology ultrastructure Nasal Polyps physiopathology Nose Diseases physiopathology Permeability Rhinitis physiopathology Sinusitis physiopathology 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059806 4059805 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal mucosal anaesthesia and airflow resistance. 209-12 The effect of topical lidocaine solution on nasal airflow resistance was examined in five adult subjects with normal noses, seated and recumbent. The increasing use of upper airway anaesthesia in the investigation of upper airway function and the lack of published information concerning its effect on nasal airflow resistance led to this investigation. Nasal airflow resistance did not significantly change during 30 minutes observation following topical application of 4% lidocaine solution. Cole P P Haight J S JS eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 137-58-6 Lidocaine IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance drug effects Female Humans Lidocaine pharmacology Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity drug effects Nasal Mucosa drug effects 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059805 4059804 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Innervation of human nasal polyps. 195-9 Nasal polyps from 12 patients were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Nerve fibers in the polyp could be recognized in 4 out of the 12 polyps. Both myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve fibers were observed. The endings of the nonmyelinated nerve were adrenergic and observed in the area close to the smooth muscle cells of the artery. The secretory cells in the form of acini did not accompany nerve endings although these acini contained myoepithelial cells. Some nerves had normal features but others had a degenerated form in the pedicle of the nasal polyp. No cholinergic fibers were observed in these polyps. Sasaki Y Y Nakahara H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adrenergic Fibers ultrastructure Humans Microscopy, Electron Nasal Mucosa innervation Nasal Polyps pathology Nerve Endings ultrastructure Nerve Fibers ultrastructure Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ultrastructure 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059804 4059803 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Mast cells on the surface of the mucous membrane--a general feature of inflammatory reactions in the nose? 187-90 A redistribution of mast cells towards the epithelial lining of the nasal mucous membrane has been shown to be a part of the allergic inflammatory reaction in hay fever. This results in an increased number of metachromatically stained cells on the surface of the mucous membrane. The involvement of mast cells in other inflammatory reactions in the human nose is not clarified and this may partly be due to methodological difficulties. Utilizing a recently developed imprint technique, specimens were taken from patients with infectious rhinosinusitis in acute and chronic stages. The total number of mast cells on 2 cm2 of the imprint area were counted. Mast cells in extremely low numbers were found in 5 out of 26 patients. Our results indicate that mast cell migration is not present in patients with infectious inflammatory reactions of the nasal mucous membrane. Melén I I Pipkorn S S Pipkorn U U eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Epithelium pathology Female Humans Male Mast Cells pathology Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Rhinitis pathology Sinusitis pathology 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059803 4059802 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Mucociliary transport in the human nose. Effect of topical glucocorticoid treatment. 181-5 The effect of topical budesonide on the human mucociliary transport in the nose was investigated utilizing the saccharin-dye test in 10 healthy volunteers. Measurements were made before treatment, after a single dose and after one week continuous treatment with either placebo or active substance. The design of the study was double blind, randomized and cross-over. A single dose of placebo or budesonide did not alter the mucociliary transport as compared to pretreatment values. A trend towards decrease of mucociliary transport was noted after one week treatment with the active drug, a trend that reached statistical significance in the comparison between the 1 h value and the 1 week value. Holmberg K K Pipkorn U U eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Coloring Agents 0 Pregnenediones 51333-22-3 Budesonide 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Administration, Topical Adolescent Adult Biological Transport drug effects Budesonide Cilia drug effects Coloring Agents diagnostic use Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nose drug effects Pregnenediones administration & dosage pharmacology Saccharin diagnostic use Time Factors 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059802 4059801 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Electron microscopy in rhinology. 173-9 In rhinology, electron microscopy has been a useful research tool for the past 15 years, but provided only a few direct clinical applications. In this review, the author's work on the human nasal mucosa and the studies of other investigators are discussed, with the emphasis on allergic reactions and disturbances of the autonomous nervous system as well as the immotile cilia syndrome. Jahnke V V eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Autonomic Nervous System physiopathology Ciliary Motility Disorders pathology Cystic Fibrosis pathology Epithelium ultrastructure Humans Microscopy, Electron Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure Nose ultrastructure Nose Diseases pathology Nose Neoplasms diagnosis Otolaryngology methods Papilloma diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial pathology 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 4059801 3903958 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2003 11 14

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The influence of neuropharmaca on the nasal glands. Preliminary report. 191-4 Contributions from various sources to the nasal fluid are a serious complicating factor for investigating the isolated role of the nasal glands in the production of this fluid. This study is an attempt to obtain a better insight in the secretory behaviour of the nasal glands and its neural regulation. Radioligand binding strongly suggests that rat nasal glands contain muscarinic receptors. Parasympathomimetic drugs mainly promote the discharge of the secretory proteins from the glandular cells. However, histological sections do not show any change in the number of secretory granules after parasympatholytic drug application. These observations refer to a complex nature of the parasympathetic regulation of the glandular secretory activity. Klaassen A B AB Kuijpers W W Rodrigues de Miranda J F JF Beld A J AJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Methacholine Compounds 0 Parasympatholytics 0 Parasympathomimetics 50-55-5 Reserpine 51-55-8 Atropine 51-83-2 Carbachol 62-51-1 Methacholine Chloride 92-13-7 Pilocarpine IM Animals Atropine pharmacology Carbachol pharmacology Methacholine Chloride Methacholine Compounds pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Parasympathetic Nervous System physiology Parasympatholytics pharmacology Parasympathomimetics pharmacology Pilocarpine pharmacology Rats Reserpine pharmacology 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3903958 3851511 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Antileukoprotease in patients with maxillary sinusitis. 247-51 Antileukoprotease, an inhibitor of leukocyte elastase, was studied in paired sera from 12 patients with maxillary sinusitis. The serum concentration of antileukoprotease was increased at the day of admission to hospital, compared with the serum concentration in convalescence sera. In purulent maxillary sinus secretions antileukoprotease was found in complex with leukocyte elastase, as shown by gel filtration. The findings suggest a local protective function of antileukoprotease in maxillary sinus. Fryksmark U U Jannert M M Ohlsson K K Tegner H H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Protease Inhibitors 0 Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory 0 Proteins EC 3.4.21.36 Pancreatic Elastase IM Humans Leukocytes enzymology Maxillary Sinus enzymology Pancreatic Elastase analysis antagonists & inhibitors Protease Inhibitors analysis metabolism Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory Proteins Sinusitis enzymology Suppuration enzymology 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 3851511 2932788 1985 12 02 1985 12 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 3 1985 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Experimental study of velocity fields in a human nasal fossa by laser anemometry. 201-7 Velocity fields for various cross sections of a model of a normal human nasal fossa were determined by laser anemometry, a dynamic, quantitative and non-invasive technique. Velocity fields showed, in the laboratory, the very definite influence of the irregular architecture of the fossa on the characteristics of flow namely the streamlining action of the turbinates, the directional effect of the liminal valve and the greater velocity near the floor and the septum. They also allow a more precise evaluation of the flow mode than the Reynolds number. The aerodynamic effects of certain non-obstructive deformities were discussed. Arbour P P Bilgen E E Girardin M M eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Computers Humans Models, Biological Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Septum physiology Respiration Rheology 1985 9 1 1985 9 1 0 1 1985 9 1 0 0 ppublish 2932788 4001763 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The tension nose. 79-80 Sputh C B CB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose abnormalities pathology surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired pathology surgery 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001763 4001762 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A practical guide to the construction of a "cire perdue" model of the human nose. 71-8 A step by step method of constructing a model of the human nose is described. The hollow model faithfully reproduces the main features of the internal structure of the nasal air passages and nasopharynx. A model constructed by this technique was found to be suitable for nasopharyngeal airflow studies. Collins M P MP eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Waxes IM Humans Methods Models, Anatomic Nose anatomy & histology Pharynx anatomy & histology Pulmonary Ventilation Waxes 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001762 4001761 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A comparison between middle and inferior meatal antrostomy in the treatment of chronic maxillary sinus infection. 65-9 Intranasal antrostomy has been performed in a series of 38 adult patients with either bilateral chronic or recurrent acute maxillary sinusitis which had failed to respond to medical treatment. In each patient, the antrostomy opening was made in the middle meatus of one side and in the inferior meatus of the opposite nasal cavity, laterality being randomised. A points' system was employed for comparing the pre- and post-operative symptoms, clinical and roentgenological findings. Symptoms and clinical findings were significantly improved following both types of antrostomy, while the roentgenological findings were essentially unchanged. Comparison of middle and inferior meatal antrostomies revealed no significant difference. Arnes E E Anke I M IM Mair I W IW eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Humans Maxillary Sinus Sinusitis surgery 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001761 4001760 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The inhibition of norepinephrine release in nasal mucosa by acetylcholine. 59-64 Tritiated norepinephrine was incorporated into isolated dog nasal mucosa. Electrical stimulation of this mucosa induced a release of the tritiated norepinephrine. Acetylcholine inhibited this release in a dose-related manner. The inhibition is prevented by atropine. This data provides further evidence for the existence of presynaptic, inhibitory, muscarinic receptors on the sympathetic nerve terminals in nasal blood vessels. Jackson R T RT Steele R W RW eng In Vitro Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 10028-17-8 Tritium 51-41-2 Norepinephrine 51-84-3 Acetylcholine IM Acetylcholine pharmacology Animals Dogs Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Electric Stimulation Nasal Mucosa metabolism Norepinephrine antagonists & inhibitors metabolism Physiology instrumentation Tritium diagnostic use 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001760 4001759 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Flunisolide nasal spray 0.025% in the prophylactic treatment of nasal polyposis after polypectomy. A randomized, double blind, parallel, placebo controlled study. 49-58 This double blind, parallel study compared flunisolide 2 X 25 mcg in each nostril twice daily, with placebo in the prophylaxis of nasal polyposis recurrence after surgery. The treatment lasted for 12 months. The study was conducted according to the recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the patients gave verbal consent to participate. The study was reviewed by the Norwegian Medicines Control Authority. Forty-one patients with first or recurrent polypectomy were enrolled. Thirty-seven patients completed the 12 months' period. Four patients dropped out prematurely for reasons unrelated to the test drug. Flunisolide was significantly superior to placebo in preventing recurrence of polyps during 6 to 12 months' treatment, both with respect to number (p = 0.05) and size (p = 0.03) of polyps. Nasal symptoms of sneezing and stuffiness decreased significantly for flunisolide treated patients during treatment. In the placebo group, there was a significant increase in stuffiness throughout the year. For runny nose, there was no difference between the treatments. Six flunisolide patients and 10 placebo patients reported side effects during the one year treatment, transient mild itching being the most common complaint. Three cases of secretion with bloody traces were reported. No patient withdrew for drug related reasons. In this study, flunisolide was significantly more effective than placebo in preventing recurrence of nasal polyposis during one year's treatment after polypectomy. Dingsør G G Kramer J J Olsholt R R Søderstrøm T T eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 3385-03-3 flunisolide 67-73-2 Fluocinolone Acetonide IM Adolescent Aerosols Aged Drug Evaluation Fluocinolone Acetonide administration & dosage analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Humans Male Nasal Polyps prevention & control surgery Postoperative Period Recurrence 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001759 4001758 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Histamine threshold and nasal hyperreactivity in non specific allergic rhinopathy. 35-42 The authors studied the histamine threshold (endpoint concentration for a 100% pressure gradient increase at a flow of 0.25 liter/second) in a group of 29 patients suffering from non specific allergic rhinopathy and a control group of 15 normal subjects. The result of the nasal challenge was measured with two different methods of rhinomanometry: the passive anterior rhinomanometry (P.A.R.) and the active anterior rhinomanometry (A.A.R.). There existed a slightly significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.05) in histamine threshold between the patient and the control group. The 21 in duplo performed histamine challenges showed the very good reproducebility of the method. Finally, the A.A.R. method turned out to be slightly more sensitive than the P.A.R.-method. Clement P A PA Stoop A P AP Kaufman L L eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 51-45-6 Histamine IM Aerosols Bronchial Provocation Tests Differential Threshold Histamine immunology Humans Manometry methods Nose immunology Osmolar Concentration Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001758 4001757 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Activation of the nasal cilia. Preliminary study in healthy subjects. 3-10 The effect of the drug HR-6 containing adenosine triphosphate in three concentrations and of a placebo on nasal mucociliary function was studied in sixteen healthy subjects. Nasal mucociliary function was measured on both sides of the nose with a radioisotopic method before and after the drug administration. The nasal mucociliary transport rate was increased by the active drug, on the average, by 2.0-3.2 mm/min in all three concentrations and by 0.2 mm/min in the placebo group, when one side of the nose was taken into account. When the average of the mucociliary function rate on both sides of the nose was calculated, the active drugs were found to increase the transport rate from 6.0 to 8.9 mm/min. The results of this preliminary study indicate the need for further studies in patients with impaired mucociliary function. Nuutinen J J eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 56-65-5 Adenosine Triphosphate IM Adenosine Triphosphate administration & dosage pharmacology Adult Biological Transport Cilia metabolism physiology Female Humans Male Mucus metabolism Nasal Cavity metabolism physiology Nasal Mucosa physiology 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001757 4001756 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2008 11 21

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The influence of vegetative stimuli on the human nasal mucous membrane. 27-33 Measuring probes were inserted into the inferior nasal meatus in humans to record the effects of certain defined vegetative stimuli on the cavernous state and the temperature of the mucous membrane. An unilateral carotis compression induces a bilateral reactivity of the mucous membrane in the sense of a sympathicus stimulus. An unilateral bulbus pressure causes a bilateral reaction of the mucous membrane opposite to that of carotis compression. Blocking of the stellate ganglion produces a tonus reduction of the nervus sympathicus as was also found in animal experiments by other authors. Trigeminus stimulation induces a swelling of the nasal mucous membrane, whereas a voluntary breathing stop causes decongestion. Facial blushing, the only undefined and involuntary stimulus, is followed by an unswelling and a decrease of mucous membrane temperature. The results of our investigations are in agreement with analogous animal experiments. This is not surprising as man has a vegetative nervous system which is essentially unchanged from the beginning of evolutionary development. Only blushing is an expression of a reaction behaviour characteristic of human beings only. Simon H H Schmidt-Kloiber H H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Blushing physiology Body Temperature Carotid Arteries physiology Cold Temperature Constriction Eye Female Ganglia, Sympathetic physiology Humans Male Nasal Mucosa physiology Nerve Block Physical Stimulation Pressure Respiration Trigeminal Nerve physiology 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001756 4001755 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyposis, bronchial asthma and analgesic intolerance. 19-26 A retrospective case-control study was conducted in 1042 arbitrarily selected bronchial asthma patients (197 patients with AIA and 845 controls with normal analgesic tolerance). Two thirds of all AIA patients reported one or more diseases in the region of the upper airways. Quite different from the control group, highly significant coincidence of AIA with nasal polyposis (42.6%), paranasal sinus diseases (39%), and chronic rhinitis (42,1%) was recorded in the AIA patients. AIA was characterized by stronger inclination to recurrence of nasal polyps and more frequent negative impact of polypectomy upon the course of asthma. The classical triad of "intrinsic asthma - nasal polyps - analgesic intolerance" was established in 39% of the AIA patients. The pathogenetic factors causing the association of asthma with polyps and the even more strongly association of AIA with polyps are still unknown. The presumed pathogenetic relationship between chronic hyperplastic alterations in the upper airways and the phenomenon of AIA might be caused by disorders in phospholid metabolism (liberation of arachidonic acid, lipoxygenase products, radical mechanisms). Loewe G G Slapke J J Kunath H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Analgesics IM Analgesics adverse effects Asthma chemically induced complications epidemiology Drug Tolerance Humans Nasal Polyps complications surgery Paranasal Sinus Diseases complications Recurrence Sex Factors 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001755 4001754 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The ultrastructure of the human antral mucosa as demonstrated by freeze-fracturing. 11-7 The fine structure of the normal mucous membrane in the human maxillary sinus was investigated by means of the freeze-fracture technique. Special interest was directed to membrane structures in the epithelial cells. The morphology of tight junctions could be analysed. According to morphological criteria these junctions might be classified as "very tight". So called ciliary necklaces were well distinguishable. Their morphology seemed to be in concordance with the structure reported in other mammalian respiratory epithelia. Abluminally the epithelial cells frequently displayed abundant caveolae or micropinocytotic vesicles. The present investigation was performed as a preface to later studies on pathologically altered antral mucosa. Köling A A Aust R R Rask-Andersen H H Hoffstedt M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cilia ultrastructure Freeze Fracturing Gastric Mucosa cytology ultrastructure Humans Intercellular Junctions ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron Pinocytosis Pyloric Antrum ultrastructure 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 4001754 2408314 1985 07 23 1985 07 23 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 1 1985 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Vascular effects of phenylpropanolamine on human nasal mucosa. 43-8 The duration of the decongestant effect of phenylpropanolamine 2.5% as nose drops as well as the effect of the drug on nasal mucosal blood flow was studied in man. The nasal patency was significantly improved for up to three hours in patients with nasal congestion, while no effect on nasal mucosal blood flow was achieved. These results were discussed in relation to other more long-lasting nose-drops with blood flow-reducing effects. Bende M M Andersson K E KE Johansson C J CJ Sjögren C C Svensson G G eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants 14838-15-4 Phenylpropanolamine IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Nasal Mucosa blood supply Phenylpropanolamine pharmacology Regional Blood Flow drug effects Time Factors 1985 3 1 1985 3 1 0 1 1985 3 1 0 0 ppublish 2408314 4035248 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Industrial nasal problems. 99-100 Kup W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Irritants IM Humans Irritants adverse effects Larynx pathology Male Nose pathology Occupational Diseases chemically induced Rhinitis chemically induced 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035248 4035247 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Occupational allergic rhinitis. 92-8 Gervais P P Ghaem A A Eloit C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose physiopathology Occupational Diseases physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial chemically induced diagnosis etiology immunology physiopathology prevention & control 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035247 4035246 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Rhinitis leprosary. 159-63 Montserrat J M JM Pera E E Blaunstein A A Salvatella N N Listosella E E Moreno A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Leprosy diagnosis Middle Aged Nose pathology Rhinitis diagnosis 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035246 4035245 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2000 12 18

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of different coefficients and units in rhinomanometry. 149-57 The total information of a rhinomanometric measurement is given by the simultaneous registration of flow and pressure during respiration. For characterization of such a measuring curve different methods and units are used. Since no normalized procedure exists up to now, it is difficult to compare measurements of different authors. In this work the relation between various procedures is discussed and methods are given for converting different quantities. The units of the International System are discussed. Eichler J J Lenz H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Mathematics Monitoring, Physiologic Nose physiology Pulmonary Ventilation 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035245 4035244 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2005 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The mechanisms of systemic symptoms following nasal administration of allergens. 137-47 A nasal provocation test was performed by consecutively placing allergen discs on the nasal mucosa of patients with pollinosis. This brought easily the systemic symptoms such as cough, periorbital oedema, and urticaria. Similarly, the nasal administration of large doses of the allergen induced a change in the respiratory response in sensitized guinea pigs. These results indicate that nasal mucosa absorbs a high molecular substance such as allergens. Okamoto Y Y Konno A A Terada N N Togawa K K Amano Y Y Komatsu S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Allergens metabolism Animals Female Guinea Pigs Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal etiology 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035244 4035243 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2008 11 21

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Human nasal mucosa reaction during chilling of the feet. 131-6 As rhinostereometry, an optical measurement method, allows meticulous studies of changes in nasal mucosa congestion, the mucosal reaction in eight healthy volunteers was studied with this technique before, during and after 20 minutes' chilling of the feet in cold water. In five volunteers there were no observable mucosal reactions. In three volunteers the mucosal congestion changed but not uniformly, and not in such a way that the change could be explained as an effect of chilling of the feet. In four volunteers there was a clearly observable increased nasal secretion. This gives a possible explanation of the increased nasal breathing resistance observed in similar studies using rhinomanometry as the measuring method. Juto J E JE Lundberg C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cold Temperature Female Foot physiology Humans Male Nasal Mucosa physiology 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035243 4035242 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Formaldehyde. 128-9 Wilhelmsson B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-00-0 Formaldehyde IM Animals Environmental Exposure Formaldehyde adverse effects Humans Neoplasms chemically induced Rats 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035242 4035241 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Influence of vapours on the nasal mucosa among industry workers. 121-7 Odkvist L M LM Edling C C Hellquist H H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Air Pollutants, Occupational 0 Solvents 0 Styrenes 100-42-5 Styrene 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 8020-83-5 Mineral Oil IM Adult Air Pollutants, Occupational adverse effects Environmental Exposure Formaldehyde adverse effects Humans Male Middle Aged Mineral Oil adverse effects Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Nose pathology Solvents adverse effects Styrene Styrenes adverse effects 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035241 4035240 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal mucosa changes after exposure to dicumylperoxide. 118-20 Petruson B B Hansson H A HA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Benzyl Compounds 0 Peroxides 80-43-3 dicumyl peroxide IM Animals Benzyl Compounds Environmental Exposure Epistaxis chemically induced Humans Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Peroxides adverse effects Rabbits 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035240 4035239 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2006 04 19

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Effects of wood dust exposure and diethylnitrosamine in an animal experimental system. 114-7 Wilhelmsson B B Lundh B B Drettner B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust 0 Nitrosamines 55-18-5 Diethylnitrosamine IM Adenocarcinoma etiology Animals Cricetinae Diethylnitrosamine adverse effects Dust adverse effects Environmental Exposure Laryngeal Neoplasms etiology Lung Neoplasms etiology Male Mesocricetus Neoplasms etiology Nitrosamines adverse effects Nose Neoplasms etiology Papilloma etiology Wood 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035239 4035238 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Histopathology of the nasal mucosa in furniture workers. 109-13 Boysen M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Epithelium pathology Humans Nasal Mucosa pathology Nose Neoplasms etiology pathology Occupational Diseases pathology 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035238 4035237 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2006 04 19

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Epidemiology of occupational nasal cancer and other occupational nasal problems caused by wood dust. 106-8 Wilhelmsson B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust IM Adenocarcinoma epidemiology etiology Dust adverse effects Humans Nose Neoplasms epidemiology etiology Occupational Diseases epidemiology etiology Wood 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035237 4035236 1985 09 30 1985 09 30 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 2 1985 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Occupational nasal cancer caused by nickel and nickel compounds. 101-5 Torjussen W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7440-02-0 Nickel IM Carcinoma chemically induced Humans Male Nickel adverse effects metabolism Norway Nose pathology Nose Neoplasms chemically induced epidemiology Occupational Diseases chemically induced 1985 6 1 1985 6 1 0 1 1985 6 1 0 0 ppublish 4035236 4081532 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Construction of a neo-valve for nasal insufficiency. 333-4 Lapidot A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage surgery Cicatrix surgery Humans Male Mandible abnormalities surgery Middle Aged Nose abnormalities surgery 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081532 4081531 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Computed tomographic features in muco-pyoceles of the maxillary sinus. 327-32 Radiological images of muco-pyoceles of the maxillary sinus often simulate those of malignancy. This presents a diagnostic dilemma for rhinologists. The authors studied the computed tomographic findings of 13 cases of muco-pyoceles of the maxillary sinus by obtaining two different images, one of the soft tissues and the other of the bony structures. The bony sinus walls are distended and thinned in many cases by long-standing intramural pressure. The most reliable finding in the diagnosis of muco-pyoceles is the smooth clear-cut margins of bone erosions occurring in the sinus walls. Ohnishi T T Shirahata Y Y Hongoh S S Mizuno T T eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography surgery Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms radiography Middle Aged Mucocele radiography Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081531 4081530 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Microsurgery in severe posterior epistaxis. 321-5 A brief review of surgery for severe posterior epistaxis has been outlined. Hundred and forty-five (27.3%) patients were treated by transnasal microsurgery in order to undergo ligation of the branches of the sphenopalatine artery in the nasal cavity. The rate of failure was 6.1%. It seems that by using this kind of operation, we can significantly decrease the morbidity in relation to other methods of controlling the posterior epistaxis. Stamm A C AC Pinto J A JA Neto A F AF Menon A D AD eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Arteries Epistaxis surgery Humans Ligation Microsurgery methods Nose blood supply 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081530 4081529 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Functional evaluation of velar insufficiency by means of the rhinomanometric method. 315-20 25 subjects aged between 5 and 17 years, 15 females and 10 males, underwent anterior rhinomanometry. 10 of them were normal and 15 affected by velar insufficiency following adenotonsillectomy in 11 case and palatosynthesis in 4. The rhinomanometric tracing was obtained while the patient repeatedly pronounced oral vowels such as a, e, i, c, u and CVs such as ka, ga. In normal subjects intranasal pressure modifications were represented by a series of dyphasic waves with a positive-negative polarity. In the subjects with velar insufficiency the waves were almost monophasic with positive polarity. During and after the phoniatric rehabilitation, waves returned to be dyphasic together with a progressive reduction of hypernasality. While morphology of the rhinomanometric tracing can be considered a reliable index of velar function, wave's amplitude is influenced by the anatomical conditions of the nasal cavity and by the intensity with which the subject pronounces the vowels and the CVs. Rhinomanometry represents therefore an atraumatic, rapid and reliable technique, easy to perform, in order to evaluate velopharyngeal function and to monitor the increase of velar function during and after treatment. Maurizi M M Pagliari J J Paludetti G G Alfonsi P P Ottaviani F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Manometry methods Nose physiology Velopharyngeal Insufficiency physiopathology rehabilitation 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081529 4081528 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Vidian nerve resection in chronic hypertrophic non allergic rhinitis: effects on histamine content, number and rate of degranulation processes of mast cells in nasal mucosa. 309-14 The effects of Vidian nerve resection on the histamine content, number and rate of degranulation processes of mast cells in the respiratory tract of the nasal mucosa in patients with intractable chronic hypertrophic non-allergic rhinitis (CHNAR) have been investigated at various times after surgery. Preliminary data are also presented on the effects of Vidian nerve stimulation on the same parameters. The Vidian nerve was stimulated during surgery before resection. After neurotomy the histamine content was significantly lower than before but the values became less low with the passing of time. The number of mast cells per microscopic field and their degranulation index were significantly lower after surgery than before it. Stimulation determines a significant reduction in the number of mast cells per microscopic field and a parallel reduction in histamine content. These data establish a relationship between cholinergic activity and secretory response of mast cells and demonstrate a role of the parasympathetic nerve supply in the pathogenesis of CHNAR. The great reduction in the number of mast cells and histamine content also suggests that the parasympathetic nerve supply could play a role in the regulation of histamine synthesis and uptake. Rucci L L Borghi Cirri M B MB Masini E E Fini Storchi O O eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-45-6 Histamine IM Adolescent Adult Chronic Disease Female Histamine metabolism Humans Male Mast Cells physiopathology Nasal Mucosa innervation secretion Parasympathetic Nervous System physiopathology surgery Rhinitis physiopathology surgery 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081528 4081527 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal symptoms in pseudoallergic reactions. 303-7 In a retrospective investigation 469 pseudoallergic reactions (analgesics asthma reactions) that emerged in 197 patients with analgesics intolerance have been analysed. Besides mostly severe asthma-attacks 26.5% of the reactions were sneeze-attacks and in 37.5% nasal secretion was found. 86% of the reactions emerged within a maximum of 45 minutes after oral application of the analgesic. About a third of the analgesics-asthma reactions occurs together with reactions of the nose mucous membrane. So the connection of analgesics-asthma and chronic hyperplastical changes of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is also reflected in the course of the pseudoallergic intolerance reaction. Loewe G G Slapke J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Analgesics 0 Pyrazoles 0 Pyrazolones 39455-90-8 pyrazolone 50-78-2 Aspirin IM Analgesics adverse effects Aspirin adverse effects Asthma chemically induced Drug Hypersensitivity immunology Humans Hypersensitivity, Immediate chemically induced immunology Nasal Mucosa immunology Pyrazoles adverse effects Pyrazolones Retrospective Studies Time Factors 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081527 4081526 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal hypersensitivity in wood furniture workers. 297-302 Occupational nasal allergies were studied in six wood furniture factories. The concentration of moulds, wood dust and endotoxins was registered and occasionally high values were found. Paecilomyces spec. was the most common mould. A special questionnaire showed that 16% (42/268) of the wood workers with a mean exposure time of 12 years had a history compatible with hypersensitivity in the upper airways associated to their work. Rhinomanometric investigations showed mucosal congestion in the workers with nasal discomfort and nasal clearance was pathologically slow in 54%. Histological studies revealed a high incidence of unciliated and metaplastic nasal epithelium. Skin prick tests and provocation tests with standard allergens and allergens prepared from the moulds and the wood dust in the environment showed that the wood furniture workers had an incidence of allergy to moulds in 3% and to wood dust in 2%. Most of the workers sensitive to moulds and/or woods were also skin prick sensitive to other allergens. No statistical difference concerning the presence of precipitating antibodies against mould and wood antigens could be registered between workers with discomfort and workers without symptoms. Wilhelmsson B B Jernudd Y Y Ripe E E Holmberg K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Endotoxins IM Air Microbiology Endotoxins analysis Gram-Negative Bacteria immunology Humans Hypersensitivity epidemiology immunology Mycoses immunology Nasal Mucosa immunology Occupational Diseases epidemiology immunology Questionnaires Seasons Skin Tests Sweden Wood 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081526 4081525 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Prevention from naturally acquired viral respiratory infection by interferon nasal spray. 291-5 Human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha), 50,000 IU per day, was sprayed into the nasal cavity of 73 volunteers twice a day from January 9 till March 4, 1984. The rise in complement fixation antibody titers against influenza A virus was not significantly different between the interferon group and the placebo group. However, the number of subjects without elevated antibody titers and without symptoms in the interferon group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Prophylactic nasal spray of IFN-alpha seems to protect against upper respiratory viral infection. Saito H H Takenaka H H Yoshida S S Tsubokawa T T Ogata A A Imanishi F F Imanishi J J eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Viral 0 Interferon Type I IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Viral analysis Common Cold prevention & control Complement Fixation Tests Double-Blind Method Female Fever Humans Influenza, Human prevention & control Interferon Type I administration & dosage Male Patient Compliance Time Factors 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081525 4081524 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Cilia injury during virus infection in chickens. 283-90 The reduction of mucociliary clearance in the Newcastle disease virus-B infected nasal turbinate in chickens is mainly due to ciliary pathology, decrease of the number of cilia and of the ciliary beat frequency. Sakakura Y Y Ukai K K Itoh H H Saida S S Miyoshi Y Y eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Chickens Cilia pathology physiopathology Nasal Mucosa Newcastle Disease pathology physiopathology 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081524 4081523 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2006 11 15

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Epidemiology of common cold. 273-82 The epidemiology of common cold and the role of some predisposing factors were studied by examining 2065 healthy children, aged 2.5-6 years. The examination included a questionnaire, completed by the parents, a general physical examination, a clinical E.N.T.-examination and various technical investigations. The mean annual incidence of common cold was 2.43 (as was reported by the parents) and 5 when taking into consideration the time span between the last episode of common cold and the date of examination. Mucoid and purulent rhinitis were less frequently found in older children. A positive history of upper respiratory tract infections in the parents showed to be the most important risk factor for the occurrence of infectious rhinitis in the children. The higher the weight of the child, the lower the incidence of common cold and the fewer pathological rhinoscopical findings. Children with a head circumference below the 2.5 percentile had the highest incidence of infectious rhinitis. Humid housing conditions showed to be connected with a higher incidence of infectious rhinitis. Children of parents with a higher profession had more rhinitis than children of labourers. Smoking habits of the parents had only little effect on the rhinological status of children. van Cauwenberge P B PB eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Age Factors Belgium Birth Weight Cephalometry Child, Preschool Common Cold epidemiology genetics transmission Family Humans Humidity Rhinitis epidemiology Risk Smoking Socioeconomic Factors 1985 12 1 1985 12 1 0 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 4081523 3001912 1986 02 18 1986 02 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 23 4 1985 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Virology and immunology of the common cold. 265-71 The common cold is a complex infectious syndrome caused by any one of a large number of antigenitically distinct viruses found in four groups. These groups are the myxo- and paramyxoviruses, the adenoviruses, the rhinoviruses and the coronaviruses. The members of the different groups differ in their physical, biochemical, and immunologic characteristics. With currently available methods, it is possible to determine the cause of 60-70% of colds. The large rhinovirus group is the most important of the known common cold viruses, accounting for approximately 30% of colds. These small RNA viruses have a genome of 7000 nucleotides, which shares considerable homology with poliovirus. The capsid of the rhinovirus is loosely packed, resulting in a relative acid sensitivity compared to the enteroviruses. Although there are at least 89 different antigenic types, all rhinoviruses attach to either one of two cellular receptors. Immunity to rhinovirus is type-specific and associated with neutralizing antibody in nasal secretions and serum. There is a steady acquisition of antibody to the rhinoviruses during childhood and adolescence. The rhinoviruses may be undergoing slow antigenic drift. Gwaltney J M JM Jr eng Journal Article Review

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenovirus Infections, Human immunology Common Cold immunology microbiology Coronaviridae Infections immunology Humans Microscopy, Electron Orthomyxoviridae Infections immunology Picornaviridae Infections immunology 9 1985 12 1 2001 3 28 10 1 1985 12 1 0 0 ppublish 3001912 6505521 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Olfactometry in Japan (II). Roentgenologic and endoscopic observations of the olfactory cleft. 211-5 Zusho H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopes Humans Nose Diseases pathology radiography Olfactory Mucosa pathology radiography Tomography 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6505521 6505520 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2008 11 21

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology M-cells in the epithelium of the nasopharyngeal tonsil. 201-10 Electron-microscope investigation on the epithelium was carried out in 23 nasopharyngeal tonsils. Adenoidectomy was performed on the ground of recurrent adenoiditis in the interattacks period in 13 boys and 10 girls between the ages of 2 to 4. The presence of five characteristic cellular types was found on the surface of the adenoid epithelium: tall cylindrical ciliated cells; cylindrical cells covered only with microvilli; secretory cells with the predominance of the so-called "dark granules"-producing cells; flat epithelial cells; cubic cells with microvilli on the surface and many vesicles in the cytoplasm. The last type of cells rank together with the M-cells, described by Owen and Jones in the epithelium of Peyer's patches in human beings and found in the palatal tonsil by various authors. A discussion is made on the pinocytary and secretory activity of the M-cells that is being linked with the immunogenesis of the nasopharyngeal tonsil. It is pointed out that in normal conditions the reticulation of the epithelium of the adenoid is found only in the zones that had their surface covered by M-cells. Karchev T T Kabakchiev P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenoids cytology ultrastructure Child, Preschool Cilia ultrastructure Epithelial Cells Epithelium ultrastructure Female Humans Male Microvilli ultrastructure Palatine Tonsil cytology ultrastructure 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6505520 6505519 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Ultrastructural study of immotile cilia syndrome. 193-9 Recently immotile cilia syndrome has gained the interest of a number of investigators from the aspects of the physiology and pathology of the ciliary movement. This is because microstructural abnormalities of the dynein arms in the cilia of the respiratory mucosal epithelium and in the flagella of sperm tails have been identified in this syndrome. The present study was designed to find a simple clinical method for detecting patients having this syndrome, and was conducted to elucidate the clinical significance and etiology of this syndrome. In order to detect patients with immotile cilia syndrome, 72 patients with one of more conditions such as sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus and sterility were examined using a ciliary function test and electron microscope observation of the nasal cilia. Seven of the examined patients were diagnosed as having immotile cilia syndrome on the basis of the presence of the characteristic ultrastructural patterns of the nasal cilia, i.e., disorders of the dynein arms. The possibility of positive test results increases greatly as the degree of the complications increases, especially in the case of a combination of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract with situs inversus and sterility. As the electron microscope findings of this syndrome, Afzelius (1979) has reported defects of the dynein arms, spoke head and central sheath. Beyond these microstructural abnormalities, I have identified abnormal attachment of the dynein arms as a new parameter in the electron microscopic diagnosis of immotile cilia syndrome. Watanabe Y Y Okuda M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bronchiectasis complications Cilia ultrastructure Ciliary Motility Disorders complications pathology Female Humans Infertility complications Male Microtubules ultrastructure Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure Sinusitis pathology Situs Inversus complications 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6505519 6505518 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2006 04 19

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate treatment on the nasal provocation test. 183-91 A total of 50 patients with hay fever of perennial rhinitis were treated for 14 days with beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray. Dosage was one puff (50 micrograms) in each nostril four times a day to a total daily dose of 400 micrograms. Rhinomanometry was used to determine the efficacy of beclomethasone dipropionate in immediate type allergic responses provoked by a nasal challenge with either grass pollen or house dust/house mite allergen. Treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray resulted in a significant increase in tolerance to both house dust/house mite allergen (P = 0.01) and grass pollen allergen (P = 0.005). Passive anterior rhinomanometry would seem to offer an easy suitable technique for measuring nasal resistance during nasal provocation tests. Clement P A PA Kaufman L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Dust 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Beclomethasone pharmacology Dust Humans Manometry Nasal Provocation Tests Pollen Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6505518 6505517 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2005 11 17

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Pathogenesis and surgical therapy of migraine attacks caused by weather (Foehn) and menstruation. 165-70 This work reports for the first time on the pathological background and the successful definitive surgical treatment of migraine attacks caused by weather (Foehn) changes, menstruation, nutrition (cheese, chocolates, red wines etc), and psychophysical stress. Forty-two patients between the ages of 13 and 48, who were subdivided into an earlier and later treatment group, were surgically treated for migraines caused by the factors mentioned above. In the first group of 15 female patients that was treated, the surgical technique consisted of subperichondral septum correction crushing and partial or total resection of the middle concha and ethmoidal opening. In four of the patients where no septum deviation was observed, a resection of the middle nasal concha and a transnasal opening of the ethmoidal cells in the area of the middle nasal passage was performed. In the later group consisting of 27 patients, the surgical technique was simplified so that only subperichondral septum correction and crushing of the middle concha was performed, without total resection of the concha and ethmoidal cell opening. Up to the present all the 42 patients operated on have been free from migraine attacks, the first operation having been performed seven years ago and the last eight months ago. Novak V J VJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Drug Combinations 0 Twen Pantocaine-Privin 835-31-4 Naphazoline 94-24-6 Tetracaine IM Adolescent Adult Drug Combinations diagnostic use Female Humans Male Menstruation Middle Aged Migraine Disorders etiology surgery Models, Biological Naphazoline diagnostic use Nasal Septum surgery Nose surgery Tetracaine diagnostic use Weather 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6505517 6505516 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Committee report on standardization of rhinomanometry. 151-5 Clement P A PA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Manometry methods Masks Nasal Cavity physiology Pressure Respiration 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6505516 6390659 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2007 11 15

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Clinical investigation of ketotifen in perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind comparative study of ketotifen and clemastine fumarate. 171-82 In several clinics we carried out a comparative double-blind study of ketotifen (HC) in 260 patients with perennial rhinitis in order to reveal the clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness. We administered two different doses of HC (0.5 mg X 2 and 1 mg X 2 daily), clemastine fumarate, CF (1.34 mg X 2 daily) and their placebos. The active drugs were always given in combination with their placebos during a period of 4 weeks. The results indicated that HC, especially HC 1 mg X 2, was superior to CF in efficacy and usefulness. Side-effects were mild and the frequency in which they occurred was similar to CF. In contrast to CF, HC showed an efficacy not only in sneezing and nasal discharge but also in nasal obstruction as well. Okuda M M eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Pyrrolidines 15686-51-8 Clemastine 34580-13-7 Ketotifen IM Clemastine adverse effects therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Follow-Up Studies Humans Ketotifen administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use Pyrrolidines therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Sleep Stages 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6390659 6209772 1985 01 09 1985 01 09 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 3 1984 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The importance of nasal airway resistance and nasal symptoms in the selection of patients for septoplasty. 157-64 The postoperative symptoms and subjective improvement of 100 patients who had undergone functional septoplasty were compared with the change of unilateral nasal airway resistance (NAR). Before the operation, the NAR after decongestion of all these 100 patients was higher than normal. 81 were subjectively improved - whereas 94 had improved according to rhinomanometry. 74 percent of those who were subjectively improved obtained a normal NAR thanks to the operation. Among the remaining 19 patients, 37% ended up with normal NAR, too. The preoperative symptoms of those 100 patients were compared to the symptoms of 100 non-operated subjects who suffered from nasal stuffiness but whose NAR was normal. The patients whose NAR was higher than normal had more often unilateral nasal stuffiness, and a larger number of them were able to remember a nasal trauma. Still, almost 15 patients with high NAR did not recall a trauma, nor did they suffer from unilateral stuffiness. The conclusion is that rhinomanometry is necessary in the selection of patients for septal surgery. Jessen M M Malm L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Humans Manometry Nasal Cavity abnormalities physiopathology Nasal Decongestants diagnostic use Nasal Septum surgery Pressure 1984 9 1 1984 9 1 0 1 1984 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6209772 6729360 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Some rare tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses. 77-81 Risavi R R Hirtzler R R Krajina Z Z Simovic S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Child Chordoma pathology therapy Combined Modality Therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral pathology therapy Nose Diseases pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology therapy Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology therapy Rhabdomyosarcoma pathology therapy Sarcoidosis pathology 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6729360 6729359 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Long term results of reconstruction of the septum in the acute phase of a septal abscess in children. 55-63 The long term results of our two first cases of septal reconstruction in the acute phase of a septal abscess in childhood are described. Follow-up periods were 19 and 17 years respectively. The development of the nasal pyramid was normal apart from a slight to moderate sagging of the cartilaginous dorsum. Length, width and prominence developed within normal limits and nasal function remained undisturbed. Reconstruction of the septum in the acute phase of a septal abscess seems also on the long term effective in preventing the well known disturbance of growth, form and function of the nose. Huizing E H EH eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess complications surgery Child Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillofacial Development Nasal Septum surgery Nose growth & development Nose Deformities, Acquired etiology prevention & control Nose Diseases surgery Rhinoplasty 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6729359 6729358 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Management of early nasal injuries with long term follow up. 45-53 Postnatal nasal injury occurring before full growth results in certain changes in the development of the nose and of the face. An assessment of the role of the cartilaginous nasal septum in this growth has been attempted by observing adults who had dissolution of the cartilaginous septum in childhood. The immediate management of long term follow up care of patients so afflicted is discussed. Also observed into adult life were several patients on whom lateral, medial or transverse osteotomies or combinations of these had been performed in childhood to determine if such procedures interfered with growth of the nose and face. Tucker C A CA eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess physiopathology Child Child, Preschool Diseases in Twins Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillofacial Development Nasal Septum injuries surgery Nose growth & development injuries Nose Deformities, Acquired etiology physiopathology surgery Nose Diseases physiopathology Osteotomy Rhinoplasty 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6729358 6729357 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2011 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Effect of mechanical stimulation on mucociliary clearance of chicken sinus. 35-43 The hypothesis that homeostatic control mechanisms control mucociliary function in ciliated mucous membranes was induced artificially by means of mechanical stimulation. The edge of right palatine cleft was stimulated mechanically by gentle touching with a dissecting needle, and sinus clearance time was recorded as soon as mechanical stimulation was initiated. Mechanical stimulation caused acceleration of mucociliary flow of the sinus; sinus clearance time was accelerated on the side adjacent to the mechanically stimulated side of the palatine cleft, but not on the opposite side. Therefore, the reflex may be effective only on the stimulated side. We investigated the effect of nerve blockers on mechanical stimulation. Mucociliary clearance in the chicken sinus was not affected by parasympatholytic agents, but was decelerated by the beta-adrenergic blocker. The effect of nerve blockers on the mechanical stimulation showed that parasympatholytic agents blocked mechanical stimulation, while sympatholytic agents did not completely block the response. These data suggest that mucociliary clearance may be regulated by the reflex of parasympathetic and partially sympathetic nerve fibers. Ukai K K Bang B G BG Bang F B FB eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-55-5 Reserpine 51-34-3 Scopolamine Hydrobromide 51-55-8 Atropine 525-66-6 Propranolol IM Adrenergic Fibers physiology Animals Atropine pharmacology Chickens Cilia physiology Homeostasis Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology ultrastructure Palate Paranasal Sinuses drug effects physiology ultrastructure Parasympathetic Nervous System physiology Physical Stimulation Propranolol pharmacology Reflex physiology Reserpine pharmacology Scopolamine Hydrobromide pharmacology 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6729357 6729356 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2005 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Recent progress in the treatment of nasal allergy, intranasal steroid treatment. 27-31 Wihl J A JA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Steroids IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use Child Dogs Glucocorticoids Humans Nasal Mucosa drug effects Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy Self Administration Steroids administration & dosage adverse effects pharmacology therapeutic use 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6729356 6729355 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2005 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology RAST-based immunotherapy. 11-9 Nalebuff D J DJ Fadal R G RG eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Allergens administration & dosage Desensitization, Immunologic Humans Immunoglobulin E analysis Immunotherapy Intradermal Tests Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal therapy 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6729355 6328631 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Distribution and clearance of radioactive aerosol on the nasal mucosa. 65-75 The distribution and clearance of aerosolized radioactive technetium 99m pertechnate in physiologic buffered saline was analyzed in four human adult asymptomatic volunteers following delivery into one nostril in the same manner as for nasal challenge testing (i.e., 0.1 ml via a 251 DeVilbiss atomizer powered by a compressor delivering 0.10 +/- 0.01 gm/spray). For comparison, squeeze bottles and spray bottles from commercial sources, a 114 and a 127 DeVilbiss atomizer, and a pipette were employed. Lateral imagery via minicomputer processing was used to determine both distribution and clearance of the radiotracer. The counts after 1 minute were lower following pipette delivery than with the other devices. None yielded discernable , wide-spread distribution of aerosol throughout the nasal cavity. Following delivery from the 251 atomizer, mean clearance at 17 minutes was 60.0%. Similar clearance rates were obtained with the other spraying methods except for lower values with the squeeze bottle. Analysis of six hour clearance studies by linear regression showed a relatively rapid initial phase, which is probably due largely to mucociliary clearance, and a prolonged late phase related to the very slow disappearance of residual material located far anteriorly in the nose. Achieving good initial retention and rapid clearance of material deposited anteriorly in the nose are desirable attributes of devices employed for administering materials intranasally. McLean J A JA Bacon J R JR Mathews K P KP Thrall J H JH Banas J M JM Hedden J J Bayne N K NK eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 23288-60-0 Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m 7440-26-8 Technetium IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols analysis Cilia physiology Half-Life Humans Minicomputers Nasal Mucosa physiology ultrastructure Nose analysis Regression Analysis Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Technetium analysis diagnostic use Tissue Distribution 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6328631 6328630 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2005 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Mast cell stabilizing agents in nasal allergy. 21-6 van Cauwenberge P B PB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenal Cortex Hormones 0 Histamine Antagonists 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium 34580-13-7 Ketotifen 60-92-4 Cyclic AMP IM Adrenal Cortex Hormones pharmacology Cell Membrane Permeability drug effects Cromolyn Sodium pharmacology Cyclic AMP metabolism Cytoplasmic Granules physiology Histamine Antagonists pharmacology Humans Ketotifen pharmacology Mast Cells drug effects metabolism Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy metabolism Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy metabolism 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6328630 6233687 1984 07 25 1984 07 25 2005 11 17

0300-0729 22 1 1984 Mar Rhinology Rhinology An overview of recent treatments of nasal allergy. 5-10 Saito Y Y eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine Antagonists 0 Steroids 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Adult Child Cromolyn Sodium therapeutic use Desensitization, Immunologic Drug Therapy, Combination Female Histamine Antagonists therapeutic use Humans Ipratropium therapeutic use Male Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy surgery therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy surgery therapy Steroids therapeutic use 1984 3 1 1984 3 1 0 1 1984 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6233687 6589728 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Granulocytic sarcoma of the maxillary sinus. 139-41 Kristensen S S Juul A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Female Humans Leukemia, Myeloid pathology Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms pathology Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6589728 6540472 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The role of fibrinolytic enzymes in inflammation and paranasal mucous membrane. 119-23 The distribution and role of tissue plasminogen activator (TA) and proactivator (PA) in various diseases of the nasal and paranasal cavity were investigated. The stronger the inflammatory and proliferative response of the paranasal mucous membrane, the weaker was the fibrinolytic activity of TA. The fibrinolytic activity of PA tended to be stronger than TA activity. It is considered that PA may play an important role in inflammatory enlargement and proliferation of the paranasal mucous membrane, but does not play an important role in carcinogenic enlargement and proliferation of the nasal and paranasal mucous membrane. Kosugi T T Kinjo K K Takagi I I Sueno K K Noda Y Y Mihara M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Enzyme Precursors 0 plasminogen proactivator EC 3.4.21.- Plasminogen Activators IM Enzyme Precursors metabolism physiology Fibrinolysis Humans Nasal Mucosa enzymology Paranasal Sinus Diseases enzymology Plasminogen Activators metabolism physiology Sinusitis enzymology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6540472 6463532 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Influence of sinusitis on respiratory function. 99-103 Togawa K K Konno A A Fujiwara T T Miyazaki S S Hanazawa S S eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chronic Disease Esophagus physiopathology Female Humans Lung physiopathology Male Middle Aged Pressure Respiration Respiratory Function Tests Sinusitis physiopathology surgery Sleep physiology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463532 6463531 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Functional morphology and biochemistry of the nasal mucosa with special attention to glycoprotein and glycosyltransferase. 93-8 Ohyama M M Fukuda K K Hanamure Y Y Matsuyama H H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glycoproteins EC 2.4.1.- Hexosyltransferases EC 2.4.1.- asparagine-N-glycosyltransferase IM Animals Chronic Disease Glycoproteins analysis Hexosyltransferases analysis Humans Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Nasal Mucosa metabolism ultrastructure Rats Sinusitis metabolism pathology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463531 6463530 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Free histamine in nasal polyp fluid. 133-8 Nasal polyp fluid was extracted from 52 patients to evaluate histamine levels and compare them with the corresponding serum levels. Large but variable amounts of histamine were found in polyp fluid (124-7600 ng/ml) which was between twenty and a thousand times the serum level. There was no significant difference between the polyp histamine levels in patients with a history of asthma, aspirin hypersensitivity, hay fever and positive skin tests. Drake-Lee A B AB Bickerton R R McLaughlan P P eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-78-2 Aspirin 51-45-6 Histamine IM Aspirin Asthma metabolism Drug Hypersensitivity metabolism Extracellular Space analysis Histamine analysis blood Humans Hypersensitivity metabolism Nasal Polyps analysis Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal metabolism 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463530 6463529 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Growth activities of the nasal septal cartilage in acromegaly. 125-31 Growth activity in different areas of human septal cartilage was measured by in vitro incorporation of 35 S-labelled sulfate and 3 H-labelled thymidine in 6 acromegalic patients. Septal cartilage was obtained during transnasal hypophysectomy. The growth activities in the posterior area, which is situated anterior to the septo-ethmoidal junction were significantly enhanced compared to a control group of hormonally normal adults. Growth activities of the septal cartilage in the anterior free end and the suprapremaxillary area were not different in both groups. This indicates that growth hormone excess in acromegaly enhances human septal growth by stimulation of growth activities in the posterior area and not at the anterior free end and suprapremaxillary area. Vetter U U Gammert C C Pirsig W W Landolt A A Heinze E E eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Sulfates 0 Sulfur Radioisotopes 10028-17-8 Tritium 50-89-5 Thymidine IM Acromegaly pathology physiopathology Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum growth & development pathology Sulfates diagnostic use Sulfur Radioisotopes diagnostic use Thymidine diagnostic use Tritium diagnostic use 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463529 6463528 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology An immunohistological study of nasal and paranasal mucosa of patients with relapsing chronic sinusitis. 115-8 Mucosal specimens from patients with chronic sinusitis have been immunohistologically investigated. Secretory IgA was found decreased in type 1 (relapsing type sinusitis) whereas C3 was increased. Lysozyme was decreased or deplated in longstanding cases (type 2). Fibronectin was found both in type 1 and type 2 chronic sinusitis. It was concluded that depletion of IgA and lysozyme with activation of C3 and fibronectin interferes with the successful treatment of sinusitis. Ishida M M Matsunaga T T Uda H H eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Complement C3 0 Fibronectins 0 Immunoglobulin A, Secretory EC 3.2.1.17 Muramidase IM Chronic Disease Complement C3 analysis Fibronectins analysis Humans Immunoglobulin A, Secretory analysis Muramidase analysis Nasal Mucosa immunology Paranasal Sinuses immunology Recurrence Sinusitis immunology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463528 6463527 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Mucociliary function in chronic infections. 111-3 Toremalm N G NG eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Air Pollutants 0 Bacterial Toxins 7782-44-7 Oxygen IM Air Pollutants adverse effects Bacterial Toxins physiology Chronic Disease Cilia enzymology physiopathology Humans Nasal Mucosa enzymology physiopathology Oxygen physiology Rhinitis physiopathology Sinusitis physiopathology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463527 6463526 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Mucus production in the infected nose and paranasal sinuses. 109-10 Tos M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cell Count Humans Mucus secretion Nasal Mucosa secretion Paranasal Sinuses secretion Sinusitis pathology physiopathology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463526 6463525 1984 09 07 1984 09 07 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 2 1984 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The intrinsic functions of the paranasal sinuses in health and inflammation. 105-7 Aust R R Falck B B Svanholm H H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Paranasal Sinuses physiology physiopathology Respiration Sinusitis physiopathology 1984 6 1 1984 6 1 0 1 1984 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6463525 6522977 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2010 11 18

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The nose as an indicating organ of vegetative controlling mechanisms. 269-80 Long-term examinations on test persons of an average age of 28 years were carried out by means of thermistors for measuring the mucous membrane temperature and by means of photo transistors for measuring the state of cavernous tissues. The tactile stimulus during the insertion of the probe regularly leads to a temperature increase and a swelling of the nasal mucous membrane. Pronounced changes in the temperature do not take a linear course but are interrupted by intercurrent temperature inversions. The changes in the state of cavernous tissues take a course synchronous to this. After the first tactile stimulus there adjusts a preliminary temperature equilibrium in the mucous membrane temperature and in the cavernous state. Then there follow temperature oscillations taking a completely different course, of changing amplitudes and frequencies. These temperature oscillations may take courses in the same or in opposite directions in the two nose halves. The causes proposed for discussion, on the one hand for the intercurrent temperature inversions in case of considerable temperature changes, and on the other hand for the differing temperature oscillations after the attainment of the preliminary temperature equilibrium, are central regulating mechanisms, while at the same time analogous animal experiments are taken into consideration. Simon H H Schmidt-Kloiber H H eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Body Temperature Regulation Humans Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Mucosa physiology Physical Stimulation Thermosensing 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6522977 6522976 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Specific local immunotherapy in the treatment of hay fever. 261-8 The authors refer results of a 3-year study carried out on ten patients suffering from hay fever, diagnosed by means of skin tests, specific nasal provocation and serum RAST who underwent specific local immunotherapy consisting of application of an aqueous allergenic extract, the initial level of which was based on threshold values resulting from the nasal provocation test. The two-monthly check ups were based on the evaluation of mucociliary clearance, anterior rhinorheomanometry, specific nasal provocation and the test of Maunsell for blocking antibodies, as well as on the drawing up of a daily symptomatological diary for each single patient. The results were extremely interesting: subsidence of symptoms during the pollinating season, an increase in the number of blocking serum antibodies and of threshold values relative to specific nasal provocation. Conductance and mucociliary clearance, which were both decidedly pathological before beginning the local immunotherapy, slowly returned to the norm. The authors, furthermore, refer that the use of disodium cromoglycate during the first months of specific local immunotherapy which allows them to reach doses 5-7 times greater than those obtainable with the above mentioned form of treatment, offers uncertain advantages as far as local and above all general immunity is concerned and this alone does not justify the use of nasal applications in the treatment of bronchial asthma of allergic origin. Filiaci F F Di Filippo S S Lucarelli N N Zambetti G G eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies IM Adolescent Adult Antibodies immunology Binding, Competitive Desensitization, Immunologic Female Humans Immunotherapy methods Male Pollen immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology therapy Time Factors 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6522976 6522975 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2005 11 17

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Clinical findings in patients with allergic rhinitis. 255-60 Clinical observations, X-ray findings and results of laboratory tests were evaluated in 770 patients with allergic rhinitis. Anamnestic data and results of the allergological examination of these patients have been presented elsewhere (Holopainen et al., 1979b; Binder et al., 1982). Allergic symptoms were seasonal in 54.5% and perennial in 45.5% of the patients. Mucosal changes as seen on rhinoscopy were significantly more common among patients with perennial than among patients with seasonal rhinitis. Watery discharge was the most common nasal finding, observed in 90% of all patients. Nasal smears showed increased numbers of eosinophilic leucocytes in 70% of the cases. Relationships between the cellular population of the nasal secretion, other laboratory test results and clinical findings are described. X-ray examination revealed pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses in 53.4% of the patients. Binder E E Holopainen E E Malmberg H H Salo O P OP eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Cytodiagnosis Eosinophilia complications Female Humans Hypertrophy Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity pathology Nasal Mucosa pathology secretion Nasal Polyps complications Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial complications diagnosis pathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal complications diagnosis pathology 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6522975 6522974 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Ciliary ultrastructure and nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic and allergic rhinitis. 233-40 The authors have studied nasal specimens collected by means of nasal brushing in eight patients affected by allergic rhinitis and in eight affected by chronic rhinitis, while in other four patients affected by allergic rhinitis a lower turbinate biopsy was performed. All twenty patients showed an increased mucociliary clearance time and a reduced velocity regardless to the pathology during a previously performed saccharin test. Different ultrastructural alterations have been observed, such as: both central and peripheral microtubules alterations; absence of dynein arms; absence of radial spokes; ciliary membrane alterations; "compound" cilia; disorientation of central tubules. These alterations have been observed variously associated in both allergic and chronic rhinitis patients groups. Basing on their data, the authors state that ciliary abnormalities cannot be considered specific of a particular pathology but they can coexist in different situations. They also think that the mucociliary clearance parameters determination represents the only method to evaluate, even if in an indirect fashion, the percentage of ciliary abnormalities, as no direct quantitative method has been described. Ciliary ultrastructural alterations can be of diagnostic value only if associated with mucociliary clearance time and velocity determination. Maurizi M M Paludetti G G Todisco T T Almadori G G Ottaviani F F Zappone C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cilia ultrastructure Ciliary Motility Disorders complications pathology Humans Microscopy, Electron Microtubules ultrastructure Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial etiology pathology Rhinitis, Atrophic etiology pathology 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6522974 6441236 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Erythromycin base and phenoxymethyl-penicillin (penicillin V). 247-54 One hundred patients with acute maxillary sinusitis have been studied. The diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed radiologically, using a roentgenological 6-point score for mucous membrane thickening and secretion. Fifty patients in each group were treated with either erythromycin base or phenoxymethyl-penicillin (penicillin V). The roentgenological state of each sinus was classified on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th day, giving an objective evaluation of the treatment effect. There was no significant difference between the two treatment modes as to therapeutic outcome, and the results are compared with those of a larger material of 1220 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis studied in the same way at Lundby Hospital since 1970 (25 different treatment modes). von Sydow C C Axelsson A A Jensen C C eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 114-07-8 Erythromycin 87-08-1 Penicillin V IM Acute Disease Adult Drug Evaluation Erythromycin adverse effects therapeutic use Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus pathology Mucous Membrane pathology Penicillin V adverse effects therapeutic use Random Allocation Sinusitis drug therapy pathology 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6441236 6395299 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Fungal infection of the maxillary sinus. 281-4 Kristensen S S eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aspergillosis Aspergillus fumigatus isolation & purification Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Maxillary Sinus microbiology pathology radiography Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases pathology radiography 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6395299 6240764 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Effect of ipratropium bromide on nasal mucociliary transport. 241-6 Ipratropium bromide is a parasympatholytic drug. After application to the nose, the nasal mucociliary transport time was measured using the method of the saccharin test. This compound did not cause any changes in the nasal mucociliary transport function. Ohi M M Sakakura Y Y Murai S S Miyoshi Y Y eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Atropine Derivatives 0 Parasympatholytics 60205-81-4 Ipratropium 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Atropine Derivatives pharmacology Biological Transport drug effects Cilia drug effects physiology Drug Evaluation Female Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage pharmacology Male Nasal Mucosa drug effects physiology Parasympatholytics pharmacology Saccharin metabolism 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6240764 6151739 1985 03 21 1985 03 21 2006 11 15

0300-0729 22 4 1984 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mucolytic agents and mucociliary activity. 223-31 The three substances bromhexine, NA 872 (bromhexine metabolite VIII) and the beta 2-receptor agonist NAB 365 (clenbuterol) and their effect on the mucociliary activity have been studied in vivo in rabbits. The substances were given parenterally in increasing dosages and 519 records were obtained from 12 rabbits. Not even at dosages in excess of recommended human dosages has any effect on the mucociliary activity been observed for any of the substances during the first 30 minutes after administration. The conclusion to be drawn is that the three substances have no effect on the mucociliary activity in rabbit in vivo, but that this does not exclude an effect on mucociliary transport or clearance. Gunnarsson M M Hybbinette J C JC Mercke U U eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenergic beta-Agonists 0 Expectorants 18683-91-5 Ambroxol 3572-43-8 Bromhexine 37148-27-9 Clenbuterol IM Adrenergic beta-Agonists pharmacology Ambroxol pharmacology Animals Bromhexine pharmacology Cilia drug effects Clenbuterol pharmacology Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Expectorants pharmacology Lung drug effects Male Mucous Membrane drug effects Rabbits 1984 12 1 1984 12 1 0 1 1984 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6151739 6635477 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Olfactometry in Japan. 281-5 Zusho H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 59-43-8 Thiamine 59-58-5 prosultiamine IM Humans Methods Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Smell Thiamine analogs & derivatives diagnostic use 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635477 6635476 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2003 11 14

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Olfactory involvement in learning processes. 273-80 The purpose of this study is to investigate the existing relations between olfaction and acquisition of the two-way conditioned avoidance response (CAR). For this investigation we have used white adult male Wistar rats. Taking into consideration that several structures of the limbic system participate in learning and memory processes and also that olfactory pathway is believed to have connections with the limbic system, we thought it would be interesting to investigate, if peripheral anosmia influences the performance of rats in the two-way avoidance response. It was shown that peripheral anosmia in rats impaired conditioned avoidance response. Sitaras N N Anagnostou E E Varonos D D Coyas A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Avoidance Learning physiology Body Weight Central Nervous System physiology Fasting Limbic System anatomy & histology Male Olfaction Disorders physiopathology Olfactory Pathways anatomy & histology physiology Rats Rats, Inbred Strains Smell physiology 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635476 6635475 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Automated rhinomanometry. 265-72 In order to facilitate measurements and calculations in rhinomanometry a microprocessor is used. Pressure and flow signals, obtained from microtransducers, are automatically calibrated by drawing known volumes of air through a standardized test-nose, while the signals are read by the computer. When the patient is connected, the pressure-flow curves are displayed on a screen. At adequate breathing, the computer reads the pressure and flow 200 times per second for a few breaths. It performs all calculations and presents data describing the pressure-flow relationship, e.g. in terms of the resistance, where the curve crosses a circle with a certain radius in a polar coordinate system. Automatically calculated data were compared to manually derived ones in six healthy subjects and twenty patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction. There was a close correlation between the two sets of data. It is concluded that the described automated rhinomanometer facilitates the rhinomanometric procedure and gives accurate data on nasal airway resistance. Jonson B B Malm L L Ivarsson A A Benthin M M Lamm C J CJ eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Computers Humans Manometry instrumentation Otolaryngology instrumentation Transducers, Pressure 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635475 6635474 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasolabial cyst: diagnosis mainly based on topography? 239-49 The nasolabial cyst is described in three patients and literature is shortly reviewed. The condition manifests itself by a smooth, fluctuating swelling in the nasolabial fold next to the ala of the nose. This clinical manifestation represents the most important criterion for diagnosis. Histopathology and cytologic findings are of minor importance for diagnostic purposes. Etiology is still uncertain. According to the most accepted theory the lesion has to be classified among the fissural cysts, but histopathologic findings may vary and do not give support to any of the theories of etiology. Computertomography is better than conventional roentgenography to demonstrate the extension of the lesion into surrounding structures. Echography can give important preoperative information. Nomenclature related to this cystic lesion is not uniform. Nasolabial cyst is the most adequate term, as it is describing the lesion only topographically and is not referring to controversial etiologic theories or to variable histopathology. Therapy consists of surgical removal using an intraoral approach and prognosis is excellent. Graamans K K van Zanten M E ME eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cysts diagnosis pathology Endoscopy Female Humans Lip Diseases diagnosis pathology Middle Aged Nose Diseases diagnosis pathology Tomography, X-Ray Computed Ultrasonography 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635474 6635473 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2008 11 21

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. 233-7 By the introduction of the flexible fiberscope in the field of endonasal diagnostics and treatment, the following reasonable usefulness was obtained, and the results ascertained the great clinical value this method possesses. 1. Easier approach to the ostia of all paranasal sinuses. 2. Observation of the inside of all paranasal sinuses by the use of minor endonasal surgical procedures. 3. Detailed examination of the nasopharyngeal structures by the pernasal approach. 4. Observation of the orifice and the internal portion of the Eustachian tube. 5. Detailed evaluation of velopharyngeal closure mechanism in cleft palate cases. 6. All of these can be performed on an outpatient basis. Yamashita K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopes Eustachian Tube Fiber Optic Technology instrumentation Humans Nasal Cavity Nose Diseases diagnosis Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635473 6635472 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Mucosal defence mechanisms: final remarks. 229-31 Naumann H H HH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cilia immunology Dysgammaglobulinemia immunology Humans IgA Deficiency Mucus immunology Nasal Mucosa immunology Phagocytosis Respiratory Hypersensitivity immunology 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635472 6635471 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Present possibilities for diagnosis in human nasal secretions. 223-8 Eichner H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunoglobulin A, Secretory 0 Protease Inhibitors 0 Proteins 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Electrophoresis, Disc Humans Immunoglobulin A, Secretory analysis Immunoglobulin E analysis Mucus analysis Nasal Mucosa secretion Nasal Polyps diagnosis Protease Inhibitors analysis Proteins analysis Respiratory Hypersensitivity diagnosis 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635471 6635470 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Phagocytosis in mucosal defence. 213-5 Forsgren A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bacterial Infections immunology Cell Movement Chemotaxis, Leukocyte Humans Mucous Membrane immunology Nasal Mucosa immunology Neutrophils immunology Phagocytosis 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635470 6635469 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2008 11 21

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The mucociliary apparatus. 197-202 Toremalm N G NG eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Body Fluids Cilia physiology Humans Mucous Membrane physiology Mucus Nasal Mucosa physiology Phagocytosis Respiratory Physiological Phenomena 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635469 6635468 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Symposium "Mucosal Defence Mechanisms", Stockholm, September 1982. 195-288 eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Immunity Nasal Mucosa physiology 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6635468 6356306 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2007 11 15

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Grass pollen-induced hay fever treated with a new steroid fluocortin butylester (FCB). 257-63 The clinical effect and the side effects of a new steroid, Fluocortin butylester (FCB) in the topical treatment of hay fever was studied in a double-blind trial. The drug was administered by inhalation of a fine powder through a special inhalator (Rhinolator). The material comprised 31 patients, and the treatment period was three weeks. There was a highly significant difference in favour of FCB compared with placebo as regards the nasal symptoms blockage and discharge. Side effects were few and mild. Moesgaard Nielsen V V Vinther B B Illum P P eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 152-97-6 Fluocortolone 41767-29-7 fluocortin butyl ester IM Adolescent Adult Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Fluocortolone administration & dosage analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Pollen Respiratory Therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6356306 6356305 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Follow-up of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in the nose, with special reference to septal dermoplasty. 251-5 Seventeen patients treated for recurrent epistaxis due to Osler's disease in the nose were followed up 6 months - 19 years after treatment. A written questionnaire was answered by 13 of the 14 patients surviving at follow-up. They had undergone either septal dermoplasty, or irradiation with 1200--1400 rad on both sides of the nose, or both kinds of treatment. All patients were satisfied with their treatment. The amount of nose-bleeding was reduced in all but one of the surgically treated patients, and the frequency was reduced in nine of the 13 patients. Nasal crusts, often causing nasal obstruction, were a problem, at least shortly after operation. Pathological vessels were found within the skin graft at secondary operation in one patient, showing that telangiectasia can develop in the graft area and cause recurrences of the epistaxis, sometimes necessitating further operations. Drettner B B Svensson C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Septum surgery Nose Diseases therapy Skin Transplantation Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic therapy 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6356305 6356304 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Proteinases and their inhibitors in human nasal mucus. 217-22 Hochstrasser K K eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Protease Inhibitors EC 1.11.1.- Peroxidases EC 3.4.- Endopeptidases IM Endopeptidases analysis Humans Immunoelectrophoresis Mucus analysis enzymology Nasal Mucosa secretion Neutrophils enzymology Peroxidases analysis Phagocytosis Protease Inhibitors analysis 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6356304 6195722 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2007 11 15

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A comparative preference study between xylometazoline nasal dose spray (Otrivin) and oxymetazoline single-dose pipettes (Nezeril). 287-8 Ekedahl C C Geterud A A Petruson B B Aust R R Odkvist L L eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Adult Clinical Trials as Topic Female Humans Imidazoles administration & dosage Male Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage Oxymetazoline administration & dosage Random Allocation Rhinitis drug therapy 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6195722 6195721 1983 12 20 1983 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 3 1983 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Immunology of human nasal mucosa. 203-12 Korsrud F R FR Brandtzaeg P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunoglobulin A, Secretory 0 Immunoglobulins IM Antibody Formation B-Lymphocytes immunology Complement Activation Dysgammaglobulinemia immunology Histamine Release Humans IgA Deficiency Immunoglobulin A, Secretory immunology Immunoglobulins immunology Macrophage Activation Nasal Mucosa immunology Respiratory Hypersensitivity immunology T-Lymphocytes immunology 1983 9 1 1983 9 1 0 1 1983 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6195721 6857107 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Acute bronchitis-efficacy of erythromycin base (Ery-Max) administered twice or four times daily. 83-5 Pekkanen P S PS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Capsules 114-07-8 Erythromycin IM Acute Disease Administration, Oral Adolescent Bronchitis drug therapy Capsules Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Erythromycin administration & dosage Female Humans Male Time Factors 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857107 6857106 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Comparative analysis of human nasal mucosa by standard neurohistochemical techniques. 73-8 The modified glyoxylic acid histofluorescent method (Torre and Surgeon) and Karnovsky-Roots method for acetylcholinesterase activity was applied to fresh animal and human material. Human material was obtained during ENT surgery and consisted of nasal, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal mucosa. Not only on animal, but also on human material adrenergic axons and varicosities were demonstrated around vessels in nasal mucosa, diffusely in nasal, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal mucosa and just below and intraepithelially in laryngeal mucosa. Abundant cholinergic innervation was found around vessels and glands in nasal, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal mucosa, as well as diffusely scattered in the tissue of their mucosa. Vecerina S S Krajina Z Z Krmpotić J J Zirdum A A eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adrenergic Fibers anatomy & histology Animals Cholinergic Fibers anatomy & histology Histocytochemistry Humans Hypopharynx innervation Laryngeal Mucosa innervation Laryngeal Nerves Microscopy, Fluorescence Mucous Membrane anatomy & histology Nasal Mucosa innervation 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857106 6857105 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal responses to local unilateral stimuli in man. 67-72 The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a feedback loop relaying information on the patency of one nasal cavity might be processed by the central nervous system to modify the vascular engorgement of the other, thereby minimizing total airflow resistance alterations during the nasal cycle. Histamine and xylometazoline were used to alter the degree of mucosal swelling and a cotton plug to alter airflow, in one nasal cavity and resistance measurements were made from its fellow. No changes in the latter were observed. It was concluded that this feedback arc does not exist. Haight J S JS Cole P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 51-45-6 Histamine 51-74-1 histamine phosphate 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Adult Airway Obstruction physiopathology Airway Resistance drug effects Feedback Histamine analogs & derivatives pharmacology Humans Imidazoles pharmacology Nasal Cavity drug effects physiology Nasal Mucosa drug effects innervation physiopathology Nose physiology 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857105 6857104 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Practical test kits for quantitatively evaluating the sense of smell. 49-54 A set of polypropylene squeeze-bottles, containing serial dilutions of pyridine in mineral oil, are used to deliver puffs of accurately odorized air to the nose. The patient's olfactory threshold can be quantitatively measured in a few minutes, and placed in the normal, hyposmic or hyperosmic range of sensitivity. Amoore J E JE Ollman B G BG eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Pyridines 110-86-1 pyridine IM Humans Methods Olfaction Disorders diagnosis Pyridines diagnostic use Smell 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857104 6857103 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The pulsed ultrasound method adapted for examination of paranasal sinuses. 45-8 Three different ultrasonic display systems for examination of paranasal sinuses (oscilloscope; light emitting diodes; gas discharge display) have been evaluated in model experiments, on healthy subjects and in clinical materials. With the three different ultrasonic display systems air could be separated from other types of sinusal contents in model experiments. The detectable amount of saline solution in normal sinuses was 1-5 ml with all display units. The different display units showed the same screening capacity as radiography. The oscilloscope display system was significantly more efficient than the other display systems in separating different pathological conditions. Also regarding radiography the oscilloscope display was significantly more efficient in detecting secretion, but no difference was found in the capacity of predicting intrasinusal cysts. Thus, the oscilloscope display seems to be the most useful for both clinical and scientific purposes. Jannert M M Andréasson L L Holmer N G NG eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Paranasal Sinuses Sinusitis diagnosis Ultrasonics instrumentation Ultrasonography 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857103 6857102 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Some immunological parameters in serum and nasal secretion in subjects with vasomotor and allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps - a comparative study. 29-37 We studied the levels of IgE, IgG, IgA and IgM in serum and nasal secretion in a group of 83 patients (57 with allergic rhinitis, 13 with vasomotor rhinitis and 13 with nasal polyps). For the measurement of the nasal IgE the RIST and PRIST techniques were used and the PRIST technique was used to measure the serum IgE. The remaining immunoglobulins were measured by means of nephelometry. For the clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis we took into account the positive reaction to some pneumoallergens, when performing the skin tests in addition to the clinical history. The levels of specific IgE in serum and nasal secretion were measured by the RAST technique. Our results may be summarized as follows: no significant change in the values of the serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM; an increase in serum IgE in subjects with allergic rhinitis and allergic polyps, an increase in the IgE in nasal secretion in subjects with allergic rhinitis and bilateral polyps - whether allergic or not - as well as an increase in the three remaining immunoglobulins in the different groups studies whether they were atopic or not. Pulido V V García-Calderón P A PA eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunoglobulin A 0 Immunoglobulin G 0 Immunoglobulin M 0 Immunoglobulins 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Immunoglobulin A analysis Immunoglobulin E analysis Immunoglobulin G analysis Immunoglobulin M analysis Immunoglobulins analysis Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa immunology secretion Nasal Polyps immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology Rhinitis, Vasomotor immunology 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857102 6857101 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Does septal surgery influence submucous congestion? 21-7 Nasal obstruction is brought about by many factors. The degree of filling of the submucous vascular plexus represents and important factor in this, but it is subject to a variety of influences and it is quantitatively rather unknown. In this study the influence of submucous congestion on nasal airway resistance is investigated in patients with complaints of nasal obstruction before and after septal surgery. The submucous congestion appeared to be the major determinant and was remarkably reduced after surgery. Local anatomical factors apparently are able to influence the behaviour of the submucous tissues in the nose, possibly by a mechanism of reflex origin. Graamans K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Nasal Mucosa physiopathology secretion Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Postoperative Complications Submucous Plexus physiopathology 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857101 6857100 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Incidence of allergic rhinitis in children. 13-9 The authors give an account of the outcome of research done in the Allergo-Immunological Centre of the IInd ENT Division of Rome University, carried out among 210 children who were affected by nasal atopy. Particular stress was placed on the involvement of the nasopharyngo-tubal system. The age of the children ranged from 2-12 years and they underwent: 1) ENT visit; 2) allergy tests; 3) anterior rhinorheomanometry; 4) tubal function tests; 5) mucociliary clearance time; 6) X-ray examination of paranasal sinuses. The results revealed that the most frequent symptom in these children is rhinitis, whatever the allergic sensitization was. The forms of atopy which manifested themselves by chronical allergic patients (D.Pt. and P.O.) were the cause of: 1. asthmatic-type syndromes; 2. early onset of atopic symptoms around 4-7 years of age (9-10 years in the seasonal forms); 3. greater degree of extrinsic rhinitis with edema of the turbinates - the first step towards a polypoid degeneration of such subjects; 4. tubal functional deficit (60% of subjects allergic to P.O. and 50% allergic to D.Pt whereas only 27% are found in the seasonal forms); 5. mucociliary clearance linked directly with the length of disease; involvement of the paranasal sinuses (53/61 patients allergic to D.Pt., 9/28 allergic to P.O., 9/56 allergic to Graminacee). Furthermore the nasal patency was more insufficient in patients affected by the chronical forms of the atopy. In the light of these results the authors advocate focus attention on the significance of an early diagnosis of nasal atopy in children and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among specialists. Filiaci F F Lucarelli N N Zardo F F Ralli G G eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Age Factors Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Hypersensitivity diagnosis Male Nasopharynx physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial epidemiology physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal epidemiology physiopathology Skin Tests 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6857100 6687953 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The mucosal defence capacity against proteolytic leukocyte enzymes. 39-43 Antileukoprotease is an important inhibitor of leukocyte elastase and seems to be the primary defence factor against elastase in the respiratory tract. The circulating level of antileukoprotease increases in inflammatory diseases and seems to be related to the degree of inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Antileukoprotease cannot be included among the general acute phase reactants as it does not increase in connection with surgical trauma. Fryksmark U U Ohlsson K K Tegner H H eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Orosomucoid 0 Protease Inhibitors 0 Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory 0 Proteins 0 alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin EC 3.4.21.1 Chymotrypsin IM Cholecystectomy Cholelithiasis enzymology Chymotrypsin antagonists & inhibitors blood Humans Orosomucoid analysis Pneumonia enzymology Protease Inhibitors blood Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory Proteins Radioimmunoassay alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6687953 6344181 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2007 11 15

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Effects of oral norephedrine on common cold symptoms. 3-12 The aim of the trial was to examine the effectiveness of an oral decongestant in common cold. Thirty subjects with naturally acquired colds got a 100 mg sustained release tablet containing norephedrine on one day and a placebo tablet on another day in double blind design. Changes in nasal patency were assessed by rhinomanometry, measurement of nasal expiratory peak flow, and a self-assessment test, and the number of sneezes and of nose blowings were recorded in a 10 hours period after medication. Rhinomanometry, but not peak flow measurements showed a significant difference (p less than 0.02) two hours after medication, and the self-assessment of nasal blockage showed that the effect lasted for the entire 10 hours observation period (p less than 0.01). Nasal respiration was reestablished in half of the blocked noses. There was no effect on number of sneezes and nose blowings. In conclusion, oral norephedrine has a moderate decongestant effect, which may justify its use in adults with common colds. This symptom amelioration must be balanced against cost of therapy and risk of side effects. A prevention of otitis media and of sinusitis has not been documented in the literature. Grønborg H H Winther B B Brofeldt S S Borum P P Mygind N N eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 14838-15-4 Phenylpropanolamine IM Administration, Oral Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Clinical Trials as Topic Common Cold drug therapy Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Phenylpropanolamine administration & dosage pharmacology Random Allocation Time Factors 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6344181 6304860 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Pleomorphic adenoma of the nose. 79-82 Tommerup B B Mogensen C C eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Female Humans Maxillary Sinus pathology Nasal Cavity Nasal Septum Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal pathology Nose Neoplasms pathology Palatal Neoplasms pathology Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6304860 6304859 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Quantitative measurements of radioactive isotopes in human nasal secretion. 55-8 Four patients receiving an intravenous injection of 99mTc-pertechnetate were investigated concerning transfer of the radioisotope to the nasal secretion. The concentration of isotope in nasal secretion was in all patients found to be approximately 10 times higher than in blood. The results suggest an active transport mechanism in the glandular elements of the nasal mucosa and that they are important as source of nasal secretion during normal conditions. Johansson P P Drettner B B Lewander R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 23288-60-0 Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m 7440-26-8 Technetium IM Adult Aged Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa secretion Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Technetium diagnostic use metabolism Time Factors 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6304859 6190210 1983 07 08 1983 07 08 2005 11 17

0300-0729 21 1 1983 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Measurement of the blood flow of the nasal mucosa by the hydrogen clearance method. 59-65 The tissue blood flow of the nasal mucosa in normal subjects and patients with nasal allergy was studied by the hydrogen clearance method. The flow in the inferior turbinate in normal subjects and patients with nasal allergy did not differ. The test results were highly reproducible and were almost the same in different anterior parts of the inferior turbinate. The effects of nasal spray with vasoconstrictor and nasal provocation by an allergen-containing paper disc on the blood flow of the inferior turbinate were examined in normal subjects and patients with nasal allergy. The flow decreased remarkably after spray with vasoconstrictor. The flow also decreased remarkably in the mucosal membrane close to the area of contact of the allergen disc, whereas it increased at the area 10 mm away from the disc. The hydrogen clearance method is useful for clinical studies of nasal circulation. Tanimoto H H Okuda M M Yagi T T Ohtsuka H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens 0 Nasal Decongestants 1333-74-0 Hydrogen IM Adolescent Adult Allergens pharmacology Female Humans Hydrogen metabolism Male Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Nasal Mucosa blood supply drug effects Regional Blood Flow Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal physiopathology Time Factors Turbinates 1983 3 1 1983 3 1 0 1 1983 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6190210 6612183 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Symposium "immediate and late repair after nasal trauma" introduction. 95-114 eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose injuries surgery 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612183 6612182 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Combined therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma with special reference to cryosurgery. 179-84 Three hundred cases of maxillary sinus carcinoma were divided into four groups according to the initial treatment: the first group was treated by irradiation of 5,000 rad (25 fractions) for 5 weeks; the second by intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU combined with irradiation; the third by sinus curetting in accordance with Denker's operation combined with the second method; and the fourth by cryosurgery once a week during the second irradiation method followed by sinus curetting at the end of initial treatment. Histologically confirmed recurrence was removed by maxillectomy, if possible. The three year cumulative survival rates in the four groups were 27.1% (first group), 55.1% (second group), 53.5% (third group) and 53.1% (fourth group). The three year local non-recurrence rates after initial treatment without maxillectomy were 26.4%, 31.1%, 55.8% and 45.4%, respectively. The frequency of distant metastasis without local recurrence was as high as 12.3% in the third group and conversely 5.6% in the fourth. These results demonstrated the usefulness of cryosurgery. Sakai S S Murata M M Sasaki R R Tsujimoto T T Miyaguchi M M Hohki A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 51-21-8 Fluorouracil IM Cryosurgery Curettage Fluorouracil administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Infusions, Intra-Arterial Maxillary Sinus surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms mortality surgery therapy 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612182 6612181 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Ornipressin as vasoconstrictor in rhinosurgery. 159-64 The haemostatic effect of a high concentration of ornipressin 5 IU/10 mls lidocaine was studied in 127 patients undergoing rhinosurgery under two types of general anaesthesia. Under halothane/enflurane anaesthesia blood pressure and heart rate remained nearly constant up to 15 minutes following local injection of ornipressin into the nasal tissues. Good haemostasis was achieved in 86.5 percent of cases. Under diazepam/fentanyl anaesthesia an elevation of blood pressure was observed following infiltration of ornipressin. Thus the high concentration cannot be recommended for cases with blood pressure dyscrasias. The haemostatic effect was either good in only 60 percent of the patients. Sigg O O Pirsig W W Hirlinger W K WK eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 11000-17-2 Vasopressins 13838-16-9 Enflurane 151-67-7 Halothane 3397-23-7 Ornipressin 437-38-7 Fentanyl 439-14-5 Diazepam IM Anesthesia, Inhalation Anesthesia, Intravenous Blood Pressure drug effects Diazepam Double-Blind Method Enflurane Fentanyl Halothane Heart Rate drug effects Hemostasis drug effects Humans Nasal Septum surgery Nose blood supply Ornipressin pharmacology Rhinoplasty Vasopressins pharmacology 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612181 6612180 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of a local decongestant in acute rhinitis as related to body position. 155-8 In different forms of rhinitis a recumbent position aggravates nasal congestion. An earlier study has shown how a recumbent position strongly reduces the effect of oral decongestants. Now the effect of a local decongestant, oxymetazolinchlorid, in acute rhinitis as related to body position has been studied by means of rhinomanometry. The effect of this local decongestant seems not to be affected by body position. Geterud A A Rundcrantz H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline IM Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Female Humans Imidazoles therapeutic use Male Oxymetazoline pharmacology therapeutic use Posture Rhinitis drug therapy 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612180 6612179 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Patency of the nasofrontal duct during frontal sinusitis. 143-7 In a series of frontal sinuses trephined due to frontal sinusitis the airway resistance of the nasofrontal duct was tested during the healing period as well as in a long-term follow-up study up to one year. The nasofrontal duct was more resistant to passage for air than for saline during the healing period. A high incidence of recurrences was found in cases with high airway resistance of the duct, a prolonged primary healing period and when major nasal pathology was found. Andréasson L L Elner A A Ivarsson A A Jannert M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Frontal Sinus physiopathology surgery Humans Nasal Cavity physiopathology Recurrence Risk Sinusitis physiopathology surgery 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612179 6612178 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Value of the Tc99m particle test and the saccharin test in mucociliary examinations. 135-42 In a first phase, the two methods were evaluated separately, the saccharin test was done in 40 healthy test subjects, 30 atopic patients and 30 patients presenting nasal ventilation problems; subsequently the Tc99m particle test was carried out in 39 test subjects under standard conditions (relative humidity and temperature). In 120 patients the tests were done in one nasal canal, whereas they were carried out in both nasal canals simultaneously in 19 patients. In a second phase the two methods were applied simultaneously in the same nasal canal in 44 subjects, of whom 15 did not experience any nasal problems and 29 had undergone a nasal packing. The investigators were able to establish significant differences in the results obtained by the two methods. The present study shows that mucociliary activity is considerably influenced by ventilation and that under pathological conditions both tests should be used as complementary investigational methods. Brondeel L L Sönstabö R R Clement P P van Ryckeghem W W van den Broek M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Resins, Plant 7440-26-8 Technetium 81-07-2 Saccharin IM Cilia physiology Humans Hypersensitivity physiopathology Mucus physiology Nose physiology Nose Diseases physiopathology Resins, Plant Saccharin diagnostic use Technetium diagnostic use 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612178 6612177 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Active anterior rhinomanometry in pre- and postoperative evaluation, use of Broms' mathematical model. 121-33 The authors studied the value of the Broms' mathematical model for active anterior rhinomanometry in a pathological population. They compared all different variables of a pathological group with a normal group and found significant differences for v0, v2 and R. There existed no difference between the means of v0 before and after surgery. There existed, however, a strongly positive correlation between the expiration and inspiration value. The influence of surgery was always significant for the variables v1, v2, v3 and R. Furthermore, the absolute deviation between the computed values and the recorded values tended to be very small. So, the authors concluded that rhinomanometry is a valuable aid in judging pre- and postoperative results. Clement P A PA Kaufman L L Rousseeuw P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry Mathematics Models, Theoretical Nose physiopathology surgery Postoperative Period 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612177 6612176 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Electromyography in rhinoplasty. 115-9 The function of the nasal muscles in rhinoplasty has not been investigated sufficiently. On this reason electromyographical and neuromyographical investigations were done in a group of rhinoplastics before and immediately after surgery but also at least 8 weeks later on. By performing a conservative technique the initial disturbance of the muscles immediately after surgery disappears in a high percentage and voluntarily movements of the nasal muscles can be observed. Different results are discussed. Thumfart W W Masing H H Abelein R R eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Electric Stimulation Electromyography Humans Muscles physiology Nasal Septum surgery Nose physiology Rhinoplasty 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6612176 6412350 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Concentration of penicillin in nasopharyngeal secretions. 149-54 The penicillin concentration in the nasopharyngeal secretion after penicillin administration was studied in 33 patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Benzylpenicillin was either administrated by the intravenous or the intramuscular route in doses of 0.6-1.2 g. Phenoxymethylpenicillin was given perorally in doses of 0.5-1.0 g. The secretion from the nasopharynx was collected prior to the operation both in a disposable collector and on a filter paper disc. A serum sample was also drawn prior to and immediately after the operation. The serum penicillin concentration reached levels of 16.0 mg/l, 5.8 mg/l and 3.6 mg/l (mean values) when given by the intravenous, the intramuscular and the peroral route, respectively. The mean penicillin concentration in nasopharyngeal secretion was 1.6 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l and 0.3 mg/l for these three administration modes. In the majority of cases the concentration of penicillin in the nasopharyngeal secretion exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.006-0.12 mg/l). Schiratzki H H Nord C E CE Svennérus K K Svensson C C eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 61-33-6 Penicillin G 87-08-1 Penicillin V IM Adolescent Adult Child Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasopharynx secretion Penicillin G blood metabolism Penicillin V blood metabolism 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6412350 6351231 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2007 11 15

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Two-dose beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 165-72 Seventy patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and with positive skin test to birch pollen were treated during the birch pollen season for three weeks in a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled, multicenter study. Nineteen patients were treated with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol (50 micrograms/puff) one puff per nostril X 4 (daily dose 400 micrograms), 20 patients with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol two puffs per nostril X 2 (daily dose 400 micrograms), 15 patients with placebo one puff per nostril X 4, and 16 patients with placebo two puffs per nostril X 2. Efficacy of the therapy was assessed through rhinoscopy (swelling and secretion of the mucous membrane) and measuring the nasal peak expiratory flow (NPEF) before, during and at the end of the trial. Nasal symptoms and the use of antihistamine tablets were recorded for five days before the trial and daily throughout the trial. Atmospheric pollen concentrations were recorded daily and the treatment was started two days after the air pollen counts had exceeded 10/m3. The severity of the nasal symptoms was compared in the statistical analysis before the trial, during the pollen season without treatment and at the time of peak pollen counts during the treatment. Both active regimens controlled the symptoms effectively (p less than 0.01) and both placebos showed no significant effect on the symptoms. In rhinoscopy, both active drugs reduced the swelling of the mucous membrane and the difference was significant (p less than 0.05). No statistical differences were found in the NPEF or in the use of antihistamine tablets between the four groups. In conclusion this study showed that two-dose beclomethasone dipropionate with a daily dose of 400 micrograms is effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Nuutinen J J Ruoppi P P Sorri M M Suonpää J J Vainio-Mattila J J eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pollen Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy Trees 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6351231 6310726 1983 10 08 1983 10 08 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 2 1983 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Tumors of the paranasal sinuses and the nose - a retrospective study in 136 patients. 173-7 In a retrospective study 136 patients with neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses had been analysed. Survival was plotted against localization, TNM-grading, histology, treatment modalities, and various other parameters. Treatment of choice seems to be radical surgery and postoperative high voltage irradiation. Mann W W Schuler-Voith C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adenocarcinoma mortality therapy Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic mortality therapy Carcinoma, Squamous Cell mortality therapy Carcinoma, Transitional Cell mortality therapy Humans Middle Aged Nose Neoplasms mortality therapy Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms mortality therapy Prognosis Retrospective Studies Sarcoma mortality therapy 1983 6 1 1983 6 1 0 1 1983 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6310726 6686718 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Studies on proactivator from the paranasal mucous membrane in chronic sinusitis. 309-13 We succeeded in differentiating the proactivator (PA) in tissue extract of paranasal mucous membrane with chronic sinusitis by the gel filtration technique. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that PA in the tissue extracts of the paranasal mucous membrane with chronic sinusitis and antrochoanal polyp was unrelated to the antigenicity of plasminogen. In particular, it was clarified that the tissue extract of antrochoanal polyp as a source of PA was not related to the antigenicity of plasminogen. Kosugi T T Takagi I I Kinjo K K Ura M M Okamoto K K Sueno K K Mihara H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antigen-Antibody Complex 0 Enzyme Precursors 0 plasminogen proactivator EC 3.4.21.- Plasminogen Activators IM Antigen-Antibody Complex analysis Chromatography, Gel Chronic Disease Enzyme Precursors analysis immunology Humans Mucous Membrane immunology Nasal Polyps blood immunology Paranasal Sinuses immunology Plasminogen Activators analysis immunology Precipitin Tests Sinusitis blood immunology 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6686718 6665425 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Benign osteoblastoma of the maxillary sinus. 373-5 Ikawa T T Kamizaki Y Y Ishikawa T T eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Maxillary Sinus radiography Osteoma, Osteoid pathology radiography Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665425 6665424 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2010 11 18

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Antral irrigation with an indwelling plastic tube. 369-71 Drettner B B eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Plastics IM Humans Intubation instrumentation Maxillary Sinus Plastics Therapeutic Irrigation instrumentation 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665424 6665423 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2008 11 21

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Methods for standardization of nasal mucosa decongestion in man. 361-8 As physical exercise has been shown to reduce nasal breathing resistance, the effect of physical exercise on the nasal mucosa congestion was studied, using rhinostereometry, an optical measurement method. Submaximal physical exercise as well as oximetazolinechloride sprayed into the nose, caused mucosal decongestion but the stimuli were not strong enough invariably to produce maximal mucosal decongestion as studied in 16 volunteers at repeated tests. Maximal physical exercise as well as oximetazolinechloride applied to the mucosa on a soaked piece of cottonwool, caused a considerable (0.5-4.1 mm) decongestion. Furthermore, in each of the 8 studied volunteers the final position of the mucosal surface was the same in repeated tests. Thus, this mucosal surface position can be considered as the state of maximal decongestion and can in physiological and pharmacological studies be used as reference position. Juto J E JE Lundberg C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 1491-59-4 Oxymetazoline IM Adult Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa physiology Nasal Provocation Tests Oxymetazoline diagnostic use Physical Exertion Reference Standards 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665423 6665422 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyps: a comparative study of morphologic and etiopathogenetic aspects. 347-60 16 nasal polyps belonging to 10 male subjects aged between 40 and 70, have been removed during the same number of ethmoidectomies; the polyps have been sectioned and specimens of mucosa corresponding to the pedicle and to the different parts of the body have been collected. During the operation parts of the mucosa of the inferior turbinates were removed. All the specimens have been prepared and observed at the scanning electron microscope. The epithelium of the inferior turbinates, of the small polyps and of the apical part of all polyps were almost normal. Marked alterations of the epithelial layer have been observed in bigger polyps. Surface characteristics of nasal polyps seem to be influenced by their relationship with neighbouring structures and by their position in the nasal cavity, but mostly by their size. On the basis of these findings the authors discuss the most recent etiopathogenetic theories of nasal polyps. They finally describe some peculiar findings concerning the mucosal layer of the polyps and of the inferior turbinates of three confirmed allergic subjects and discuss their possible clinical implications. Paludetti G G Maurizi M M Tassoni A A Tosti M M Altissimi G G eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Humans Male Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa ultrastructure Nasal Polyps etiology ultrastructure 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665422 6665421 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Aspecific nasal reactivity in allergic and non-allergic rhinopathy. 329-34 The Allergo-Immunology Department of the 2nd ENT Division of Rome University studied the behaviour of aspecific nasal provocation with methacholine bromide and with H2O at 2-4 degrees C in five groups of patients thus divided: normal subjects, subjects affected by allergic rhinitis, subjects with positive reaction to Graminacee in and out of season, subjects affected by perennial rhinitis due to D.Pt., and those affected by perennial rhinitis of non-allergic origin. All subjects underwent complete E.N.T. check-ups, anterior rhinorheomanometry (RRM), mucociliary clearance test (MCT) and evaluation of amount of nasal secretion. We were able to observe that nasal provocation with methacholine bromide, though on the one hand it was not able to provoke a significant reaction in the mucociliary transport function even though it caused a substantial reaction in the conductance in all five groups, on the other hand it caused a significant modification of nasal secretion with varying levels in the different groups. Furthermore, it was to be observed that nasal provocation with a cold water solution set at 2-4 degrees C caused a more significant reduction of the nasal conductance in subjects affected by perennial rhinitis of non-allergic origin in comparison to the other groups taken into consideration, even though it did not cause particular variations in the parameters relative to mucociliary transport and nasal secretion. Filiaci F F Zambetti G G eng Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Methacholine Compounds IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Methacholine Compounds diagnostic use Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa metabolism secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis physiopathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis physiopathology 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665421 6665420 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Screening of allergic rhinitis. 321-8 The author, in an attempt to define the most suitable means for the preclinical diagnosis of allergic rhinopathy, submitted 1620 pupils from seven different state schools to examination. Their parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire through which 370 were considered to be "at risk". All children underwent scratch skin tests: 73 with positive skin reactions also underwent nasal examination, measurement of immunoglobulins in nasal secretion, rhinomanometry, nasal exposition tests, determination of blocking antibodies and radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses. RAST was carried out in 30 cases. After the analysis of the clinical data, the author came to the conclusion that the tests of nasal conductance and provocation, of mucociliary clearance and determination of blocking antibodies are adequate means for the long term study of allergic rhinitis and for the follow-up of contingent hyposensitization therapy. As far as the preclinical diagnosis is concerned the skin tests and the radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses are to be considered more specific than RAST which, in the population sample taken into consideration, was positive exclusively in those cases that already had a manifest symptom complex. Passàli D D eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Humans Mass Screening Nasal Provocation Tests Paranasal Sinuses radiography Questionnaires Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal epidemiology radiography Risk Rural Population Skin Tests Urban Population 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665420 6665419 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2004 11 17

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Blow-out fractures. 315-9 Twenty-one cases of blow-out fractures were treated at Osaka University Hospital between June 1979 and February 1982. 52% of the patients were teenagers. The most important cause of a blow-out fracture was a fist-fight (48%). Most of the patients had diplopia caused by the disturbance of the eyeball movement, mainly in the upward or downward rotations. 19 of 21 patients were surgically treated. The prognosis was much more related to the severity of the fracture than the period between the injury and the surgical treatment. Miyaguchi M M Ishida M M Hori T T Tamaki H H Matsunaga T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Diplopia etiology Eye Movements Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nystagmus, Pathologic etiology Orbital Fractures complications radiography surgery Prognosis Skull Fractures surgery Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed Vision Disorders etiology 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665419 6665418 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2006 11 15

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The ethmoid labyrinth: an anatomical and comparative radiological study. 303-8 After an osteologic description of the ethmoid labyrinth, the radiologic techniques which best display the ethmoidal cell topography, relationships and configuration are examined. On the basis of these observations it is concluded that standard radiographic tests cannot give a clear anatomic-radiologic representation of the ethmoid cells and that they must be supplemented with tomography. Guirado C R CR Bagatella F F eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Ethmoid Bone anatomy & histology cytology radiography Ethmoid Sinus anatomy & histology radiography Humans Tomography, X-Ray 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6665418 6364297 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2007 11 15

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Hay fever treatment with budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate twice daily - a clinical comparison. 335-40 Fifty-two patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were admitted to a randomized clinical comparison between budesonide (Rhinocort) and beclomethasone dipropionate (Becotide Nasal). All patients were sensitive to birch pollen, which was confirmed by a skin prick test. The drugs were administered intranasally 200 micrograms b.i.d. Symptoms were assessed over four weeks starting with a run-in period of one week. Daily pollen counts were recorded throughout the trial and showed a rather mild birch pollen season. The patients diary cards revealed a beneficial therapeutic effect of the two drugs. No statistically significant differences between the drugs were seen except with regard to sneezing symptoms, where the Rhinocort-treated patients showed less symptoms (p less than 0.05). Side effects were few and transient with both drugs. Pipkorn U U eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Pregnenediones 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Administration, Topical Adolescent Adult Aerosols Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage Beclomethasone administration & dosage Budesonide Clinical Trials as Topic Drug Administration Schedule Female Glucocorticoids Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Provocation Tests Pregnenediones administration & dosage Random Allocation Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6364297 6320348 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2005 11 17

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Surgical management of nasopharyngeal angio-fibroma. 299-302 Seventy cases of nasopharyngeal angio-fibroma are reported. Most of the patients were young adolescents between 13-24 years of age. 91% were males. The main symptoms were nose blockage and nasal bleeding, the latter was present in all the patients but the amount of blood varied from a few milliliters a time to a few hundreds of milliliters. Although angio-fibroma is benign, it invades the surrounding structures, especially the sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus and the ethmoidal sinuses, by expansion or by erosion. In 1/7th of the cases he palate is pushed downwards or bulges. Surgery may be the only methods to cure the disease. The main principle of surgery is complete removal of the tumour together with the periosteum to which it is attached. After thorough exposure, the extraction of the tumour should be as quick as possible, otherwise the bleeding will be profuse. As soon as the tumour has been completely removed, the hemorrhage stops spontaneously or only a minor bleeding remains. The majority of the blood supply is derived from the external carotid system, so ligation of the external carotid and injection of saline or 0.5% novocaine solution in the base of the tumour just before the extirpation of the tumour can reduce the loss of blood during the operation. However, usually a blood transfusion of 300-500 ml is necessary. Wu-Shan eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Female Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous surgery Humans Male Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms secondary surgery Periosteum surgery 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6320348 6229864 1984 02 28 1984 02 28 2007 11 15

0300-0729 21 4 1983 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal ipratropium in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis. 341-5 Ipratropium administered in the form of a nasal spray was compared with placebo in 30 patients with vasomotor rhinitis in a double-blind cross-over trial. There was a significant reduction in nasal hypersecretion during ipratropium treatment, but no effect on nasal blockage, sneezing or tickling. On the whole, 20 patients (66.7%) considered ipratropium worth using. 11 patients had mild side- effects, mainly nasal irritation, during ipratropium treatment and 7 with placebo. A therapeutical trial with ipratropium is appropriate in the management of severe rhinorrhoea in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Jokinen K K Sipilä P P eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Atropine Derivatives 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Aged Atropine Derivatives administration & dosage Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa secretion Rhinitis, Vasomotor drug therapy physiopathology Sneezing drug effects 1983 12 1 1983 12 1 0 1 1983 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6229864 7134751 1982 12 16 1982 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 3 1982 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Carcinosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses-a case report. 167-70 Feinmesser R R Wiesel J J Deutsch E E Sela M M Gay I I eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Carcinosarcoma diagnosis Ethmoid Sinus Female Humans Maxillary Sinus Nose Neoplasms diagnosis Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis 1982 9 1 1982 9 1 0 1 1982 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7134751 7134750 1982 12 16 1982 12 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 3 1982 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Development of the ciliary epithelium in human nose. 138-43 In 15 foetuses, ranging in age from the 8th to the 23rd menstrual week, the development of ciliated cells in the nose was analysed quantitatively by counting ciliated cells in high power fields. The formation of ciliated cells is the first step in the differentiation from embryonic to respiratory epithelium, which starts in the 9th menstrual week. The density of ciliated cells increases strongly and reaches a maximum already in the 16th week. It does not further increase in older foetuses and prematures. Based on the rapid increase in density it is assumed that the differentiation of ciliated cells takes about 2-3 days which is considerably shorter than for goblet cells. Larsen P P Tos M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cell Count Cell Differentiation Cilia physiology Epithelium embryology Fetus cytology Humans Nasal Mucosa embryology 1982 9 1 1982 9 1 0 1 1982 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7134750 6753092 1982 12 16 1982 12 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 20 3 1982 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Prophylactive treatment with flunisolide after polypectomy. 149-58 Twenty-two patients with nasal polyps completed a double-blind study with a new topical corticosteroid, flunisolide. Treatment during three months after operation gave, in comparison with placebo, a statistically significant effect on the symptom of stuffy nose, and on the sum of scores for stuffy nose, runny nose and sneezing. There was no significant effect on rhinomanometry. Side effects were negligible. Three patients in the placebo-group required a further operation within one year but none in the flunisolide group. Prophylactic treatment with flunisolide can be recommended as a complement to other treatment after surgery of nasal polyps. Drettner B B Ebbesen A A Nilsson M M eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 3385-03-3 flunisolide 67-73-2 Fluocinolone Acetonide IM Administration, Topical Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Fluocinolone Acetonide analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps diagnosis prevention & control surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local 1982 9 1 1982 9 1 0 1 1982 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6753092 6753091 1982 12 16 1982 12 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 20 3 1982 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A randomized trial of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate after polypectomy. 144-8 Beneficial effects of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate (Bdp) in patients with nasal polyposis have been reported earlier. This study was carried out to investigate whether long-term treatment with Bdp after polypectomy could prevent formation of new polyps and reduce the number of surgical removals. Forty consecutive patients without laboratory or other clinical signs of allergy but with severe nasal polyposis were included in the study. Twenty patients were treated with intranasal Bdp and twenty patients received no treatment after polypectomy. All patients were followed for at least 2.5 years. The size of the polyps that recurred was estimated at different time-intervals by the examining doctor. After six months there was already a significant difference in favour of the group treated with intranasal Bdp. Further results of the study and the clinical implications are discussed. Karlsson G G Rundcrantz H H eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aged Beclomethasone administration & dosage Clinical Trials as Topic Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Polyps prevention & control surgery Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Postoperative Care 1982 9 1 1982 9 1 0 1 1982 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6753091 6182598 1982 12 16 1982 12 16 2011 11 17

0300-0729 20 3 1982 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effects of nasal drops and their additives on human nasal mucociliary clearance. 127-37 A method for measurement of nasal mucociliary clearance in vivo is described. A drop, containing saccharine sodium and indigo carmine is placed on the edge of the ciliary epithelium in the entrance to the nose. The time between placement and the sensing of the sweet taste as well as the appearance of a blue line in the nasopharyngeal cavity is measured and called the transport time. Two preservatives, two nasal drops and one viscosity-increasing substance have been investigated and the results are compared with their effects on the ciliary beat frequency of chicken embryo tracheas in vitro. The more the transport time is increased by a compound the more the ciliary beat frequency is decreased. Chlorbutol 0.5% increases transport time more and decreases ciliary beat frequency more than benzalkonium chloride 0.006% + EDTA 0.1%. Otrivin 0.1% increases transport time more and decreases ciliary beat frequency more than Rhinoguttae xylometazolini 0.1% (F.N.A.). These results support those obtained with the photo-electric registration device applicated on chicken embryo tracheas and human adenoids as described in earlier publications. van de Donk H J HJ van den Heuvel A G AG Zuidema J J Merkus F W FW eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Benzalkonium Compounds 0 Drug Combinations 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Solutions 526-36-3 xylometazoline 57-15-8 Chlorobutanol 8063-82-9 hypromellose 81-07-2 Saccharin 860-22-0 Indigo Carmine 9004-34-6 Cellulose 9004-67-5 Methylcellulose IM Adult Benzalkonium Compounds metabolism Cellulose analogs & derivatives metabolism Chlorobutanol metabolism Cilia physiology Drug Combinations metabolism Humans Imidazoles metabolism Indigo Carmine metabolism Methylcellulose analogs & derivatives Middle Aged Mucus physiology Nasal Decongestants metabolism Nasal Mucosa physiology Saccharin metabolism Solutions 1982 9 1 1982 9 1 0 1 1982 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6182598 6127780 1982 12 16 1982 12 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 20 3 1982 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Topical treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with a beta-adrenoceptor stimulant (KWD 2131). 159-66 During 4 weeks of the grass pollen season in the south of Sweden 27 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were treated topically with a beta-adrenoceptor stimulant, KWD 2131, which in an earlier rhinomanometric study had shown a prophylactic effect at nasal allergen provocations in hay-fever patients. A clinical effect of KWD 2131 could not be documented in this randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study. The results contribute to conclusions in the clinical implications of rhinomanometric data. Svensson G G eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Adrenergic beta-Agonists 23031-25-6 Terbutaline 63546-99-6 KWD 2131 IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adult Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis drug therapy Terbutaline administration & dosage analogs & derivatives 1982 9 1 1982 9 1 0 1 1982 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6127780 7071468 1982 06 14 1982 06 14 2010 11 18

0300-0729 20 1 1982 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Puncture in the canine fossa: technique and pros and cons. 41-8 The authors describe in detail the technique they are employing for puncturing the canine fossa, for irrigation, sinuscopy and/or register of the antral pressures. Two trocars are introduced, one developed and the other modified by one of the authors (N.P.) A morbid entity named "glue-sinus" is commented. The pros and cons of the technique are discussed concluding that puncture in the canine fossa is a valid procedure and even more advantageous than the one in the nasal inferior meatus. Neves-Pinto R M RM Medrado A C AC da Silva C A CA Palis W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Fiber Optic Technology Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Oroantral Fistula prevention & control Punctures adverse effects instrumentation methods Therapeutic Irrigation instrumentation Tooth Root injuries 1982 3 1 1982 3 1 0 1 1982 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7071468 7071467 1982 06 14 1982 06 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 1 1982 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Pathology of chronic maxillary sinusitis and possible blood changes. 33-9 Specimens from the diseased sinuses in cases of long standing chronic maxillary sinusitis were taken during Caldwell-Luc operation. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplasia of the epithelium which may invaginate forming pouches and subepithelial nests. The secretory glands increase both in number and size indicating the chronicity of the disease. Abdelhady M R MR Ghanem B B BB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Chronic Disease Epithelium pathology Exocrine Glands pathology Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus blood supply pathology Middle Aged Mucus Nasal Mucosa blood supply pathology Sinusitis blood pathology 1982 3 1 1982 3 1 0 1 1982 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7071467 7071466 1982 06 14 1982 06 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 1 1982 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Local and serum IgE in vasomotor rhinitis. 3-12 Total and specific IgE in serum and nasal secretions were measured in twenty five subjects with vasomotor rhinitis without asthma (21 perennial vasomotor allergic rhinitis and 4 seasonal vasomotor allergic rhinitis) after Carbacholine nasal challenge-test. The level of total and specific IgE was lower in the pure, non diluted nasal secretions than in the serum. The diagnostic usefullness of these measurements and the concept of "localized allergy" are discussed. Braun J J JJ Pauli G G Bessot J C JC Thierry R R Conraux C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunoglobulin A 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Humans Immunoglobulin A analysis Immunoglobulin E analysis Nasal Mucosa immunology secretion Nasal Provocation Tests Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Vasomotor immunology 1982 3 1 1982 3 1 0 1 1982 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7071466 7071465 1982 06 14 1982 06 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 1 1982 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Olfacto-rhinomanometry (O.R.M.). 21-5 Adema J M JM Montserrat J M JM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Manometry Odors Pulmonary Ventilation Smell physiology Stimulation, Chemical 1982 3 1 1982 3 1 0 1 1982 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7071465 7071464 1982 06 14 1982 06 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 1 1982 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Diagnostic standards for occupational nasal allergy. 13-9 Based on studies of 70 outpatients having occupational nasal allergy as well as mass examinations of workers in two industries, diagnostic standards for this condition were evaluated. In practice, interviews concerning the causal relation, frequency, latent period and atopic disposition often provide suggestions, but sometimes give unreliable evidence for the basis by which to diagnose occupational nasal allergy. Both rhinoscopy and nasal smear test for eosinophilia are available, but these only distinguish allergy from non-allergy. Therefore, examinations, such as skin tests, nasal tests and determination of the IgE antibody level, using allergen extract of good quality, are necessary for a final diagnosis. Okuda M M Ohtsuka H H Sakaguchi K K Tomiyama S S Ohnishi M M Usami A A Nakahara S S Yuge K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Air Pollutants, Occupational 0 Allergens 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Air Pollutants, Occupational adverse effects Allergens Humans Immunoglobulin E analysis Intradermal Tests Mass Screening Nasal Provocation Tests Occupational Diseases diagnosis immunology Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis immunology 1982 3 1 1982 3 1 0 1 1982 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7071464 6803345 1982 06 14 1982 06 14 2010 11 18

0300-0729 20 1 1982 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Characteristics and origin of the human olfactory organ. 27-31 The peculiar and characteristic structure of the human ethmoid is probably the result of 1) encephalisation and 2) insufficient adaptation to rapid evolution. In simiae only one ethmoturbinate is found, in man four or five. Due to posterior displacement of the lamina lateralis the turbinates compress each other, with overlapping, fusion, deformation and displacement, in highly constricted interorbital spaces. Ishii S S Takahashi R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Biological Evolution Ethmoid Bone anatomy & histology Haplorhini Humans Olfactory Bulb anatomy & histology Smell Turbinates anatomy & histology 1982 3 1 1982 3 1 0 1 1982 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6803345 6176003 1982 06 14 1982 06 14 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 1 1982 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinopathia medicamentosa. 49-51 Rijntjes E E eng Letter

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Administration, Intranasal Cilia drug effects Humans Mucous Membrane drug effects Nasal Decongestants adverse effects Rhinitis chemically induced Self Medication adverse effects 1982 3 1 1982 3 1 0 1 1982 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6176003 7111990 1982 10 29 1982 10 29 2003 11 14

0300-0729 20 2 1982 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Growth pattern of the rabbit nasal bone region. 93-105 Two radiopaque implants were inserted into each left and right nasal bone in five female rabbits. Ventrodorsal cephalometric radiographs were taken at 6 and 16 weeks of age. From these radiographs, separate tracings were made on matte acetate paper of the left and right nasal bone regions including the radiopaque implants. The markers of the 16 week tracing were superposed on the markers of the 6 week tracing. The difference in the two established outlines represented the changes in size and shape in two dimensions that had occurred during the 10 week period. Our purpose was to determine the relative growth activity at several borders. The mean increase was about 6.79 mm at the proximal (posterior) border, 6.19 mm at the distal (anterior) border, 2.73 mm at the lateral border, 1.22 mm at the medial border. Thus, growth at the proximal and the distal borders was about the same and about twice that of the lateral border and about 5 times that of the medial border. Sarnat B G BG Selman A J AJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cephalometry methods Female Nasal Bone growth & development radiography Rabbits growth & development 1982 6 1 1982 6 1 0 1 1982 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7111990 7111989 1982 10 29 1982 10 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 20 2 1982 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal vasodilation induced by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. 89-92 Eccles K S KS Eccles R R eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Electric Stimulation Female Male Nose blood supply Swine Vagus Nerve physiology Vasodilation 1982 6 1 1982 6 1 0 1 1982 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7111989 7111988 1982 10 29 1982 10 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 2 1982 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airway resistance in perennial non-allergic rhinitis. Postural variations and effects of topical application of terbutaline. 73-9 The nasal airway resistance in various positions of the body was investigated in 24 patients with perennial non-allergic rhinitis and in 10 normal subjects. No difference in nasal airway resistance between inspiration and expiration was found. the patients had higher resistance than the controls, a difference providing an anatomical explanation of their complaint of nasal obstruction. When the patients changed from the recumbent to the sitting position, the resistance did not decrease until after about one hour. The corresponding time for the controls was 10 minutes. This difference suggests that oedema is a more important cause of nasal swelling in the patients than in normal subjects. Local treatment of the patients' nasal mucosa with terbutaline revealed no clear oedema-reducing effect to the drug. Broms P P Malm L L Svensson G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 23031-25-6 Terbutaline IM Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa drug effects Nose physiopathology Posture Rhinitis physiopathology Terbutaline pharmacology Time Factors 1982 6 1 1982 6 1 0 1 1982 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7111988 7111987 1982 10 29 1982 10 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 20 2 1982 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Ultrasonic versus radiologic investigation of the paranasal sinuses. 111-9 Böckmann P P Andréasson L L Holmer N G NG Jannert M M Lörinc P P eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool False Negative Reactions False Positive Reactions Humans Male Methods Middle Aged Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis radiography Ultrasonography 1982 6 1 1982 6 1 0 1 1982 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7111987 7111986 1982 10 29 1982 10 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 20 2 1982 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Correlation between the upper and lower respiratory tract in childhood. 107-10 Cernelc D D eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Airway Resistance Asthma physiopathology Bronchial Provocation Tests Child Humans Nasal Provocation Tests Plethysmography Respiratory System physiopathology 1982 6 1 1982 6 1 0 1 1982 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7111986 6810441 1982 10 29 1982 10 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 2 1982 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A survey of rhinitis in Japan and an evaluation of the treatment with sodium cromoglycate. 63-72 4,907 cases reports of patients with rhinitis have been analysed in Japan; the majority were classified as allergic on the basis of positive skin and nasal provocation tests and a nasal eosinophilia. The patient characteristics have been evaluated and they are very similar to those seen in a European population. There was a high incidence of sensitivity to house dust, pollens and fungi. Treatment with Nasal Intal powder produced an effective therapeutic response in whom the major symptoms were sneezing and rhinorrhoea responded better than those with nasal obstruction. There was a clinically significant withdrawal or reduction of concomitant therapy particularly oral corticosteroids. In the majority of patients the therapeutic effect of Intal Nasal was observed after two weeks. The incidence of side effects was low and all were of a minor nature, the predominant one being nasal irritation. Okuda M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium IM Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Cromolyn Sodium adverse effects therapeutic use Female Humans Infant Japan Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy epidemiology 1982 6 1 1982 6 1 0 1 1982 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6810441 6180466 1982 10 29 1982 10 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 20 2 1982 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Correlation between the sensitivity of the ciliary beat frequency of human adenoid tissue and chicken embryo tracheas for some drugs. 81-7 The effects of benzalkonium chloride, chlorbutol,xylometazoline and naphazoline on the ciliary beat frequency of human adenoids and chicken embryo tracheas have been determined and compared. Chlorbutol 0.5% appeared to arrest ciliary motion in both tissues within 5 minutes. Rinsing with Locke Ringer solution (LR) restored the ciliary motion almost completely in both cases. Benzalkonium chloride 0.006% +EDTA 0.1% decreased the ciliary beat frequency 35% for the human tissues and 50% for the chicken tissues after a contact of 20 minutes. In both cases the frequency hardly changed after rinsing with LR. Naphazoline nitrate 0.1% and xylometazoline HCl 0.05% have reversible effects on the ciliary beat frequency of both human adenoids and chicken embryo tracheas. Cilia of human adenoids appeared to be more sensitive for xylometazoline than for naphazoline; whereas cilia of chicken embryo tracheas were more affected by naphazoline than by xylometazoline. The results with human adenoids and chicken embryo tracheas show a correlation (correlation coeff. = 0.82, p less than 0.005). In the initial response the differences in sensitivity to preservatives and drugs were in many cases statistically significant, but the final effects were similar. van de Donk H J HJ Zuidema J J Merkus F W FW eng Comparative Study In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Benzalkonium Compounds 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 526-36-3 xylometazoline 57-15-8 Chlorobutanol 835-31-4 Naphazoline IM Adenoids physiology Animals Benzalkonium Compounds pharmacology Chick Embryo Child Chlorobutanol pharmacology Cilia drug effects Humans Imidazoles pharmacology Naphazoline pharmacology Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Trachea physiology 1982 6 1 1982 6 1 0 1 1982 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6180466 7163743 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Chondrosarcoma of the maxillary sinuses. 243-5 Coyas A A Anastassiades O O Eliadellis E E eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Chondrosarcoma diagnosis Female Humans Maxillary Sinus Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7163743 7163742 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Patency tests of the maxillary ostium in health and disease. 237-42 Three different maxillary ostial function tests (simultaneous pressure recording in nose and sinus; simultaneous differential pressure and flow recording across the ostium; pressure recording at a constant artificial air-flow into the sinus) have been evaluated on healthy subjects and used in clinical materials. No quantitative evaluation of the ostial function was possible when using the simultaneous nasosinusal pressure recording method. The ostial function can be expressed as ostial resistance or as corresponding equivalent ostial diameter with the pressure-flow and the constant artificial air-flow methods. An isolated determination of the ostial function in both sinu-nasal and naso-sinusal directions during nasal breathing was only possible with the pressure-flow method. No impaired ostial function was found in cases with maxillary pain and intrasinusal cysts, but in chronic sinusitis the ostial function was considerably deteriorated. In cases with impaired ostial function the constant artificial air-flow method does not mirror the true functional state due to the non-physiological air-flow level used. Thus, the pressure-flow method seems to be the most physiological one. Jannert M M Andréasson L L Ivarsson A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Manometry Maxillary Sinus physiology physiopathology Nasal Cavity physiology Pressure Respiration 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7163742 7163741 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The nose in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. 231-5 A case is presented of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, of extreme rarity. This is distinguished by disorders in the structures of ectodermal origin. The clinical characteristics--hypohidrosis, hypodontia, hypotrichosis-, and the genetic features--genealogy, karyotype--are examined first. The patient's face appears to be small, due to the combination of frontal bossing, hypodontia, and a depressed nasal dorsum, somewhat resembling the saddle nose of congenital syphilis. The case is studied from various perspectives: clinical, radiological, anatomicopathological and ultrastructural. The study concentrates principally on the anomalies of the nasal cavities, where there is a notable atrophy of the nasal mucosa. This atrophic rhinitis displays all the features of ozaena: severe crusting, fetid green secretion, nasal obstruction, etc. Gil-Carcedo L M LM eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Anodontia pathology Child, Preschool Ectodermal Dysplasia pathology Humans Hypohidrosis pathology Male Nasal Cavity abnormalities Nasal Mucosa abnormalities 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7163741 7163740 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Fronto-ethmoidal mucocele--observation of its mode of enlargement. 213-21 From a study of the roentgenographic findings of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles and anatomical specimens of the paranasal sinuses the authors surmised that many of the fronto-ethmoidal mucocele probably originate either in one of the deeply seated supra-orbital frontal or ethmoidal recesses, or in an ethmoid cell whose ostium has been obstructed by postoperative, post-traumatic or post-inflammatory osteoneogenesis or cicatrization. When isolated, the cell with secreting mucosa would increase its cavity slowly but steadily, and eventually blocks the naso-frontal duct from without. The characteristic localization of the mucoceles, frequent erosion of the superomedial wall of the orbit with inferolateral displacement of the globe, our roentgenographic findings of a mucocele within the frontal sinus, pseudostratified columnar epithelium that lines the mucocele, occasional multilocularity, and the long interval, over ten years, that is required for the mucocele to show any symptoms in most instances would support this hypothesis. Ohnishi T T Ashikawa R R Shirahata Y Y Asano Y Y eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Ethmoid Sinus Female Frontal Sinus Humans Male Middle Aged Mucocele pathology radiography Paranasal Sinus Diseases pathology radiography Time Factors 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7163740 7163739 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2003 11 14

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Parasympathetic and sympathetic influences on mucociliary activity in vivo. 201-4 An in vivo test model has been developed to measure the influence of pharmacological substances on mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus. Test solutions are administered via the feeding vessel to the investigated mucous membrane. The model permits administration of test substances and simultaneous recording of the obtained effects under conditions that closely mimic the normal situation. The parasympathomimetic agonist methacholine accelerates the mucociliary wave frequency dose-dependently. Atropine has no influence on the resting mucociliary activity but reduces or abolishes the effect of methacholine. The sympathomimetic beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol accelerates the mucociliary activity dose-dependently whereas beta 1-adrenoceptor stimulation with prenalterol is without effect. Agonists acting on alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors, phenylephrine and oxymetazoline, retard the mucociliary activity dose-dependently. beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol and phentolamine, respectively) have no influence on the resting mucociliary activity but reduce the effect of beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, respectively. It is concluded that the resting mucociliary activity during anesthesia functions independently of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity, and that the role of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation is to increase the mucociliary activity. Mercke U U Hybbinette J C JC Lindberg S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Parasympatholytics 0 Parasympathomimetics 0 Sympatholytics 0 Sympathomimetics IM Animals Cilia drug effects physiology Maxillary Sinus Mucous Membrane drug effects physiology Parasympathetic Nervous System physiology Parasympatholytics pharmacology Parasympathomimetics pharmacology Rabbits Sympathetic Nervous System physiology Sympatholytics pharmacology Sympathomimetics pharmacology 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7163739 7163738 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology X-ray tomographical observations of the interrelationships among structures of the nasal airway. 193-9 In order to elucidate upon the interrelationships among the different structures in and around the nasal cavity, the noses of 95 adults without severe rhinitis, paranasal sinusitis, cysts or tumors were examined by means of X-ray tomography. The results indicate a close correlation between the width of the nasal cavity and 1) the width of the maxillary sinus, 2) the size, form and height of the inferior turbinate, 3) the size of the middle turbinate or 4) the nasal septal deviation; between the height of the nasal cavity and the length and height of the inferior turbinate or the length of the middle turbinate, and also between the degree of septal deviation and the width of the nasal cavity, the nasal meatus or olfactory slit or the form of the inferior turbinate. In conclusion, it is recognized that correction of the abnormal interrelationships among the different structures is important for functional nasal surgery. Okuda M M Sakaguchi Y Y Tanigaito Y Y Sakaguchi F F Machii H H Yuge K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus radiography Nasal Cavity radiography Nasal Septum radiography Nose anatomy & histology radiography Tomography, X-Ray Turbinates radiography 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7163738 7163737 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2004 11 17

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Swallow apnea--rhinomanometric manifestation and classification. 179-91 Swallow apnea designates the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing during which respiration ceases. Abnormal swallowing in this phase is caused by a disturbance of the food transport and/or a disturbance of the closures of the lower airway. Respiratory movements during swallowing leave the lower respiratory tract vulnerable to invasion by food. The respiratory inactivity of swallowing and its disturbance can be demonstrated by rhinomanometric tests. These tests produce characteristic responses, which are reproducible and are not caused by other events. Three types of responses and three subgroups have been found in 639 examinations of 120 subjects. Thirty subjects had actually experienced aspiration. This event was of life-threatening nature in 11 of the subjects. The combination of multiple swallows and prolonged transport, associated with abnormal positioning and release movements points to a serious disturbance. This method has been a good screening test to detect pathologic swallow and to monitor results of treatment. Loch W E WE Loch W E WE Reiriz H M HM Loch M H MH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Apnea etiology physiopathology Deglutition Female Food Humans Male Manometry Pneumonia, Aspiration etiology Pressure Risk 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7163737 6761832 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2007 11 15

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Flunisolide nasal spray compared to beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of seasonal rhinitis. 205-11 Forty-seven informed out-patients with the diagnosis seasonal rhinitis of at least two years' duration took part in a controlled single blind, double observer, parallel four-center study for the purpose to compare efficacy and tolerance of two local corticosteroid nasal sprays: flunisolide 25 micrograms/dose and beclomethasone 50 micrograms/dose. The patients received for four weeks one of the two treatments; flunisolide 50 micrograms in each nostril twice daily or beclomethasone dipropionate 50 micrograms in each nostril four times daily. The study was conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients were assessed on admission and after two and four weeks. All patients completed the trial. The results showed that both drugs are highly effective in controlling nasal rhinitis symptoms, 21 out of 24 flunisolide treated patients and 21 out of 23 beclomethasone treated stated good to total control after four weeks' treatment during the pollen season. No statistical difference between the two could be discovered in any of the parameters measured. The only side effect recorded was mild transistory stinging in connection with application of the two different sprays. This occurred in a few patients in both groups. The results from the study indicate that the new corticosteroid flunisolide in a dose of 100 micrograms X 2 is comparable to beclomethasone dipropionate 100 micrograms X 4 concerning efficacy and tolerance in prophylactic treatment of seasonal rhinitis. Aasand G G Etholm B O BO Skjøstad M M Volden J J eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0 Glucocorticoids 3385-03-3 flunisolide 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone 67-73-2 Fluocinolone Acetonide IM Administration, Topical Adolescent Adult Aerosols Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use Beclomethasone therapeutic use Child Clinical Trials as Topic Drug Administration Schedule Female Fluocinolone Acetonide analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Glucocorticoids Humans Male Random Allocation Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6761832 6187058 1983 04 07 1983 04 07 2010 11 18

0300-0729 20 4 1982 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Acute maxillary sinusitis--a comparison between 27 different treatment modes. 223-9 When comparing the outcome of different treatment modes for acute maxillary sinusitis, the roentgenological examination can be recommended for the objective evaluation as a complement to the clinical examination. Using the occipito-mental projection and an additional occipito-mental side view, the diagnosis can be established in a cheap and simple way, and the treatment effect can be followed during the course of treatment in the form of radiological sinus changes. The treatment outcome of 27 different treatment modes in 1320 cases of acute maxillary sinusitis (2039 maxillary sinuses) was compared. There was little difference between the treatment groups as to therapeutic effect, whether using antral drainage alone, antibiotics alone or the combination of both. Factors other than treatment outcome must be important for the consideration of treatment choice, e.g. pharmacokinetics, administration, dosage, treatment cost, number and type of side effects, etc. von Sydow C C Axelsson A A Jensen C C eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Humans Maxillary Sinus Nasal Decongestants therapeutic use Sinusitis radiography therapy Therapeutic Irrigation 1982 12 1 1982 12 1 0 1 1982 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6187058 7302475 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Behaviour on the nasal provocation test in patients affected by conjunctivitis and/or asthma of allergic origin. 173-7 In the Allergo-Immunological Centre of Rome University we selected 120 patients of both sexes, ranging from 5-65 years of age, affected by asthma and/or conjunctivitis without past or present history of nasal impairment (itching, sneezing, hydrorrhea). As a result of the allergometric tests carried out, the authors divided the samples into three groups: 1) positive reaction to Dermatophagoides Pteronissimus (66.6%); 2) positive reaction to the Graminacee (28.3%); 3) positive reaction to Parietaria officinalis (5.1%). After having undergone the rhinoreomanometric test of nasal provocation, 50% of the patients revealed a positive reaction to the specific allergen, more specifically at 50 PNU/ml 40% of the case were positive, and at 100 PNU/ml 50% were positive. These results are discussed in the light of modern biological knowledge on the mastocytes in normal subjects and in those suffering from allergy. Filiaci F F Lucarelli N N eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Adolescent Adult Aged Asthma immunology Child Child, Preschool Conjunctivitis immunology Female Humans Immunoglobulin E analysis Male Middle Aged Nasal Provocation Tests 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7302475 7302474 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2008 11 21

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endonasal findings using a fiberoptic telescope in postoperative cases of chronic sinusitis. 161-5 It is the purpose of this study to investigate the healing process in chronic sinusitis by means of a fiberoptic telescope. The patients were divided into 3 groups, in which various combinations of operative techniques were used. Group 1:53 patients with moderate chronic sinusitis. In this group endonasal ethmoidectomy and endonasal exposure of the sphenoidal sinus were performed. Group 2:73 patients with moderate or severe sinusitis. In this group a Caldwell-Luc operation was added to the operations which were used in group I. Group 3:8 patients, in which only endonasal ethmoidectomy was performed. In most cases, the maxillary sinus was cured, but in some of the cases the drainage opening was closed at an early stage. The epithelization of the ethmoidal sinus is mostly completed in about one month after the surgical operation. Adhesions between middle turbinate and lateral wall were seen regularly. Hypertrophic scars were observed in the posterior ethmoid, the ethmoidal roof and the lamina papyracea. We classified the healing process into 4 types. All postoperative infections were treated by antibiotics. Adhesions and scar tissue formations were treated endoscopically. Uchida Y Y Sugita T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Endoscopes Fiber Optic Technology Granulation Tissue physiology Humans Paranasal Sinuses physiopathology surgery Postoperative Period Sinusitis physiopathology surgery Wound Healing 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7302474 7302473 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Comparative study of standard X-ray of the maxillary sinus and sinuscopy in children. 155-9 Taking advantage of anesthesia for surgical procedures such as tonsillectomy or adenotomy, a sinuscopy of the maxillary sinus was performed in 45 children. A comparison was made between the results of this examination and sinus X-rays (Waters View), taken shortly before. In 66% of all cases the results of both examinations perfectly correlated. For the remaining cases only a slight discrepancy was found. Decreton S J SJ Clement P A PA eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Child, Preschool Endoscopy methods Humans Maxillary Sinus radiography Sinusitis radiography 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7302473 7302472 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Nasal airway resistance in children. 149-54 Using anterior rhinomanometry, nasal resistance was measured in 397 Japanese children and students, aged 5 to 17 years. Thereafter the relationship between nasal resistance and age, sex, height and weight was studied. The results are as follows: 1. The nasal resistance of children and students significantly decreases with aging and it reaches almost the same as that of an adult at about 16 years of age. This decrease was confirmed statistically. However, the difference of sex was not significant in any age group. 2. There is no significant correlation among total nasal resistance, height and weight. So, it would be concluded that the growth of the frame-work of the nasal cavity does not follow the same course as that of the height or the weight. 3. Between ages 13 and 14, it seems that the nasal resistance increases slightly. The change in nasal resistance during this period may be attributed to unbalance of the growth between the nasal turbinates and the frame-work of the nasal cavity. Saito A A Nishihata S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Aging Airway Resistance Body Height Body Weight Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Japan Male Nasal Cavity physiology Sex Factors 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7302472 7302471 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2003 11 14

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The nasal cycle in swine. 127-48 The domestic pig exhibits characteristic fluctuations in nasal mucous membrane congestion and decongestion which meet the stipulated criterion for the existence of a nasal cycle. This phenomenon was documented in 6 of the 11 pigs studied. Also, unilateral sympathectomy acutely affects ipsilateral nasal resistance, but this elevated nasal resistance gradually decreases to preoperative values over several weeks. Finally, a new technique using active anterior rhinomanometry has been developed which can be applied to the study of nasal resistance changes in laboratory animals. Campbell W M WM Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Animals Autonomic Nervous System physiology Female Male Nasal Mucosa innervation physiology Swine physiology Sympathectomy 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7302471 7302470 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2007 11 15

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Asymmetry in the autonomic nervous system with reference to the nasal cycle, migraine, anisocoria and Menière's syndrome. 121-5 Studies on the nasal cycle have demonstrated that the autonomic tone to the nose is asymmetrical and oscillates in a regular cycle. Autonomic tone may be regulated from a centre in the hypothalamus and normally there is a balance between he autonomic tone of the right and left halves of the body. However, under stress or with hypothalamic instability this balance may be disrupted and result in the marked autonomic asymmetry seen in migraine or Meniér's syndrome. Research on the nasal cycle in conditions where autonomic asymmetry is apparent could change the entire concept of autonomic control. Eccles R R Eccles K S KS eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Autonomic Nervous System physiology Humans Meniere Disease physiopathology Migraine Disorders physiopathology Nasal Mucosa physiology Nose innervation physiology Pupil physiology physiopathology Reflex, Pupillary 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7302470 7302469 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2008 11 21

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology On cystic fibrosis factor (CFF) and its proposed influence on mucociliary function. 115-20 Cystic fibrosis is a systemic disease where symptoms from the respiratory tract are important. The frequent infections in paranasal sinuses as well as in the lower respiratory tract are related to the occurrence of thick, viscous secretions. Spock et al. (1967) described an abnormal serum factor in patients with cystic fibrosis. This cystic fibrosis factor has been associated with dyskinetic ciliary motion induced by serum and cell culture media from patients with cystic fibrosis. In this study a sensitive method for photoelectric recording of the mucociliary function was used to examine the effect of sera, cell culture media and bronchial lavage fluids from patients with cystic fibrosis. No sign of decreased mucociliary activity was found. Electron microscopy showed morphologically normal cilia. Tegner H H Toremalm N G NG eng Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Culture Media 0 Salivary Proteins and Peptides IM Animals Cells, Cultured Child Cilia drug effects physiology ultrastructure Culture Media Cystic Fibrosis blood Humans Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Rabbits Salivary Proteins and Peptides pharmacology Trachea cytology 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7302469 6171024 1982 01 20 1982 01 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 3 1981 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Treatment with xylometazoline (Otrivin) nosedrops over a six-week period. 167-72 Twenty healthy subjects were treated with xylometazoline 1 mg/ml for six weeks in order to study the occurrence of tachyphylaxis and rhinitis medicamentosa. Each subject instilled 0.15 ml of xylometaxoline nose-drops into each nostril three times a day. Posterior rhinomanometry was performed before the trial started, after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks treatment and 20, 27, 40 and 48 hours after the subject had taken the nose-drops for the last time. With rhinomanometry it was possible in this study to show that the same dose was adequate during the whole six-week period, i.e. no tachyphylaxis was observed. No reactive congestion was observed after the trial was finished. Petruson B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Imidazoles 0 Nasal Decongestants 526-36-3 xylometazoline IM Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Female Humans Imidazoles administration & dosage adverse effects Male Middle Aged Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage adverse effects Rhinitis chemically induced Smell drug effects Tachyphylaxis 1981 9 1 1981 9 1 0 1 1981 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6171024 7233000 1981 07 20 1981 07 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 1 1981 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Transnasal ethmoidectomy under endoscopical control. 7-15 Endonasal sinus surgery aims at the preservation of a lining mucosa in the reventilated and redrained cavities. It can, therefore, be confined to the removal of narrowing bone at the "isthmus" of the ducts or windows. Transnasal ethmoidectomy for diffuse polyposis consists of the removal of the ethmoidal cell septa, including the middle turbinate, and a broad fenestration of both the sphenoid sinus and the frontal infundibulum. A consequent postoperative care provided, transnasal ethmoidectomy offers excellent clinical results. A new suction-irrigation endoscope and refined instruments contribute to improved surgical exposure and to the avoidance of complications. Wigand M E ME eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy methods Ethmoid Bone surgery Humans Methods Nose surgery Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Polyps surgery Postoperative Care Postoperative Complications Sphenoid Sinus surgery 1981 3 1 1981 3 1 0 1 1981 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7233000 7232999 1981 07 20 1981 07 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 1 1981 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Technique for removal of the nasosinusal block at autopsy. 47-50 Bagatella F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Autopsy methods Dissection methods Frontal Bone Humans Maxilla Nasal Bone Nose Paranasal Sinuses 1981 3 1 1981 3 1 0 1 1981 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7232999 7232998 1981 07 20 1981 07 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 1 1981 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Ventilatory effects of the pulse wave in the maxillary sinus. 41-6 The perostial ventilation of the human maxillary sinus is achieved via three main factors: diffusion, respiration wave and the mucosal pulse wave. The ventilatory factors have been studied with the help of a model sinus. The values used in the model are based upon in vivo human studies. Diffusion is responsible for the most important ventilatory effect in large ostia. Respiration has a ventilatory effect in all ostial sizes. The mucosal pulse has a ventilatory effect when the pulse volume exceeds the dead space of the ostium. When the ostial volume is diminished, the pulse-induced ventilation increases and keeps the total ventilation constant regardless of ostial size. In very small ostia, the mucosal pulse and respiration are the two important ventilatory factors. Svanholm H H Falck B B Aust R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7782-44-7 Oxygen IM Diffusion Humans Maxillary Sinus physiology Models, Anatomic Mucous Membrane physiology Oxygen Pressure Respiration 1981 3 1 1981 3 1 0 1 1981 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7232998 7232997 1981 07 20 1981 07 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 1 1981 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Incision in the gingival margin for approaching the maxillary sinus: a comment after an eight years experience. 35-9 After an eight years experience performing an incision in the free border of the gum (the Neumann's incision) to approach the maxillary sinus - the first written communication had been six years before (Rev. Brasil. Oto-Rino-Laring., 40:398, 1974) - the authors describe the details of the technique justifying also their enthusiasm for its almost exclusive use now a days. Neves-Pinto R M RM de Lima P E PE eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Gingiva surgery Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Methods Postoperative Complications 1981 3 1 1981 3 1 0 1 1981 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7232997 7232996 1981 07 20 1981 07 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 1 1981 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Surgical drainage of the maxillary sinus. Introduction to the symposium. 3-5 Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Alveolar Process surgery Drainage methods Humans Maxilla surgery Maxillary Sinus surgery Methods Nose surgery 1981 3 1 1981 3 1 0 1 1981 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7232996 7232995 1981 07 20 1981 07 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 1 1981 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Surgical drainage of the maxillary sinus through the inferior meatus. 25-34 In the last decade an increasing number of authors advocates to avoid the Caldwell-Luc procedure whenever possible in rhinogenous and/or odotogenous maxillary sinusitis. Advantages and drawbacks of the intranasal inferior meatus fenestration and its modifications are discussed as well as some technical details. In some cases the intranasal operation could be enlarged as described by several authors many years ago. In a limited number of cases the intranasal procedures may fail to cure or improve the patients condition. Here we can still resort to a more radical type of operation via the fossa canina. Legler U U eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Drainage methods Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Methods Nasal Cavity surgery Postoperative Complications Sinusitis surgery 1981 3 1 1981 3 1 0 1 1981 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7232995 7232994 1981 07 20 1981 07 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 1 1981 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic antrostomy in the nasal fontanelle. 17-24 One of the causes of recurrent maxillary sinusitis may be a too narrow natural ostium, which becomes blocked easily. As the mucus transport inside the sinus is directed towards the ostium, i.e, towards the middle nasal meatus, the most suitable place for an artificial extra ostium is in the middle meatus. In the posterior fontanelle such an ostium can be made comparatively easily under endoscopic control. For this purpose a special coagulating perforating instrument has been designed. Buiter C T CT Straatman N J NJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Drainage methods Endoscopes Endoscopy methods Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Methods Nasal Cavity surgery Nasal Mucosa surgery Otolaryngology instrumentation Recurrence Sinusitis surgery Surgical Instruments 1981 3 1 1981 3 1 0 1 1981 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7232994 7256096 1981 09 25 1981 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 2 1981 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Clinical effects of endonasal sinusectomy with reconstruction of the nasal cavity (Takahashi's method). 93-100 A follow-up investigation of the results of endonasal sinusectomy with reconstruction of the nasal cavity (Takahashi's method) was carried out in 535 of 1338 patients who underwent endonasal sinusectomies during the 6-year period from 1967 to 1972. The subjective results were as follows: cured 196 (36.6%); improved 234 (47,5%); unchanged 69 (12.9%); aggravated 12 (2.2%). In other words, 450 (84.1%) of the patients were satisfied with the results of the operations. Good results have similarly been obtained in allergic nasal disorders spreading in Japan of late, and concomitant reconstruction of the nasal cavity and desensitization therapy have resulted in improved response. Ashikawa R R Ohkushi H H Ohmae T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Follow-Up Studies Humans Methods Nasal Cavity surgery Paranasal Sinuses surgery Sinusitis surgery 1981 6 1 1981 6 1 0 1 1981 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7256096 7256095 1981 09 25 1981 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 2 1981 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Anatomy of the pterygopalatine foramen and the fontanella in the lateral nasal wall. 87-91 A dissection study of 20 cadaver specimens gives a firm knowledge of the anatomy of the pterygopalatine foramen in the middle and upper meatus of the nose. Measurements of the proportions between the end of the middle concha, the hiatus semilunaris and the foramen are described. A new, curved needle for puncturing of the maxillary sinus through the fontanella is shown. Stamm W K WK eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cadaver Humans Maxilla anatomy & histology Maxillary Sinus surgery Needles Nose anatomy & histology Palate anatomy & histology Turbinates anatomy & histology 1981 6 1 1981 6 1 0 1 1981 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7256095 7256094 1981 09 25 1981 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 2 1981 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Rotation of the alar cartilage in collapsed ala. 81-6 There are various causes for collapsed ala nasi. In elder people especially, the lateral crus of the alar cartilage is frequently deformed in shape and position. Model experiments show that by rotation of the lateral crus outwards and upwards, the vestibulum is expanded and the tip of the nose raised. On the basis of these experiments, in 19 patients with collapsed ala nasi, the lateral crus of the alar cartilage was rotated dorsally. The longterm results showed a satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome. Rettinger G G Masing H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage Follow-Up Studies Humans Methods Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery 1981 6 1 1981 6 1 0 1 1981 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7256094 7256093 1981 09 25 1981 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 2 1981 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The noncycle nose. 59-74 Approximately 600 resistance values were obtained for 50 subjects. Of the 50 subjects, 14 did not have evidence of a normal nasal cycle. These 14 subjects were selected for the study of the noncycle nose. The other 36 subjects with normal nasal cycles served as controls. By use of a mask flowmeter technique of rhinomanometry, three separate categories of noncyclicity were determined. Type 1 noncycle nose had no evidence of a nasal cycle and no fluctuation of either the right or the left side. Type 2 noncycle nose had no fluctuation of nasal resistance on one side and moderate fluctuation of nasal resistance on the opposite side. Type 3 noncycle nose had fluctuation of nasal resistance on both sides but the dominance did not reverse or change from one side to the other. This is the first study to characterize the noncycle nose and to subdivide it into three separate types using rhinomanometry. Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Nose physiology Periodicity Turbinates physiology 1981 6 1 1981 6 1 0 1 1981 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7256093 7256092 1981 09 25 1981 09 25 2003 11 14

0300-0729 19 2 1981 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effects of nasal surgery on the growth of the rabbit snout. 101-5 Rhys Evans P H PH Brain D J DJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cartilage transplantation Follow-Up Studies Nasal Septum surgery Nose growth & development Rabbits Transplantation, Autologous Transplantation, Homologous 1981 6 1 1981 6 1 0 1 1981 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7256092 6166979 1981 09 25 1981 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 2 1981 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Peptide containing nerves in the nasal mucosa. 75-9 Numerous nerve fibres containing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) or immunoreactive avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) occur in the nasal mucosa of several mammals, including man. Generally, the nerve fibres are distributed around small blood vessels and seromucous glands. In addition, SP containing fibres can be seen in the nasal epithelium. The pterygopalatine ganglion contains acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positive nerve cell bodies together with VIP and SP containing ones. After exposure to colchicine it could be shown that the VIP and SP containing nerve cell bodies also were positive for AChE. VIP and SP are potant mediators of atropine resistent vasodilatation in the mucosa. The physiological effects of APP are not known. Uddman R R Malm L L Sundler F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Gastrointestinal Hormones 33507-63-0 Substance P 37221-79-7 Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 59763-91-6 Pancreatic Polypeptide IM Animals Cats Gastrointestinal Hormones analysis Humans Nasal Mucosa innervation Nerve Fibers analysis Pancreatic Polypeptide analysis Substance P analysis Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide analysis 1981 6 1 1981 6 1 0 1 1981 6 1 0 0 ppublish 6166979 7323624 1982 03 13 1982 03 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 4 1981 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Committee report on standardization of rhinomanometry. 231-6 Current methods of rhinomanometry used by various workers from around the world were presented. The data for this communication is based on the work from the International Committee on Rhinomanometric Standards who presented their information at the 8th Congress of the European Rhinologic Society, October 21, 1980, in Bologna, Italy. These workers have an accumulation of approximately 42 years of experience with more than 10,000 rhinomanometric examinations. The results of this summary provide a consensus of methods, procedures, data collection and presentation which should be considered so that rhinomanometric uniformity may be achieved. It is well recognized that standardization of rhinomanometry still requires further inquiry and evaluation. This is not the final communication on the subject but merely a progress report and current consensus from a few workers in the field. Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Manometry standards Nose Diseases diagnosis Quality Control Reference Standards 1981 12 1 1981 12 1 0 1 1981 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7323624 7323623 1982 03 13 1982 03 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 4 1981 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Pathological changes of the nasal mucosa after surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis. 209-13 Abdalhady M R MR Ghannam B B BB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Atrophy Female Humans Male Methods Nasal Mucosa pathology Rhinitis, Atrophic pathology surgery Sutures 1981 12 1 1981 12 1 0 1 1981 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7323623 7323622 1982 03 13 1982 03 13 2005 11 17

0300-0729 19 4 1981 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The diagnostic value of a cytogram in rhinopathology. 203-8 Chronic and recurrent rhinitis is a very common complaint in E.N.T. practice. For the differential diagnosis we use a battery of investigations including cytological examination of the nasal mucus. It was attempted to establish a correlation between the observable pathology of cellular elements from a nasal smear and the different types of pathologies, i.e.: specific allergic or atopic rhinopathy, nasal polyposis, coryza, and sinusitis. The cell types included in this study are: neutrophils, eosinophils, ciliated columnar cells with and without well preserved cilia and goblet cells. This study included about 500 nasal smears from about 360 patients. A group of control patients without nasal complaints was included. The results demonstrated that investigation of local nose secretions is helpful in the differential diagnosis of exudative rhinopathy. Bogaerts P A PA Clement P A PA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnosis, Differential Humans Nasal Mucosa cytology Nasal Polyps diagnosis Nose Diseases diagnosis pathology Rhinitis diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis 1981 12 1 1981 12 1 0 1 1981 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7323622 7323621 1982 03 13 1982 03 13 2004 11 17

0300-0729 19 4 1981 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Bony defects and dehiscences of the roof of the ethmoid cells. 195-202 Endonasal sinusectomy is one of the most useful operations for treatment of chronic sinusitis. A previous study by the author on the incidence of complications of sinusectomy revealed that injuries to the base of the skull occurred in 0.15% and acute meningitis in 0.01% in a total of 450,000 sinus operations performed in Japan. In the present study a close observation of 17 (34 sides) skull specimens by the operating microscope revealed five major dangerous areas in the roof of the ethmoid sinus where anatomical structures present unusual vulnerability to injury during operations because of dehiscences and bony defects. The author found frequent bony dehiscences, where submucous connective tissue was in direct contact with the dura mater and also unusual structure of intimate adhesions between the bone and connective tissue of the dura mater. It is stressed that utmost care should be used in the operation of the ethmoid sinus and that microscopic surgery is a useful means for meticulous surgery and for prevention of side injuries. Ohnishi T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Chronic Disease Ethmoid Bone injuries pathology Ethmoid Sinus pathology surgery Female Humans Male Microsurgery Middle Aged Postoperative Complications pathology Sinusitis surgery 1981 12 1 1981 12 1 0 1 1981 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7323621 7323620 1982 03 13 1982 03 13 2005 11 17

0300-0729 19 4 1981 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal forces and labyrinthine deformations and fistulae. 187-93 Goodhill V V eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Barotrauma physiopathology Ear, Inner injuries physiopathology Fistula physiopathology Labyrinth Diseases etiology physiopathology Membranes Nose physiopathology Rupture 1981 12 1 1981 12 1 0 1 1981 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7323620 6172832 1982 03 13 1982 03 13 2010 11 18

0300-0729 19 4 1981 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effects of nasal drops on the ciliary beat frequency of chicken embryo tracheas. 215-30 The effects of proprietary preparations in the Netherlands and nasal preparations according to the F.N.A. (Formulary of the Netherlands' Pharmacists Association) on the ciliary beat frequency of chicken embryo tracheas have been determined. In general the preservatives, used in the nasal drops, turned out to have a more decisive influence on the ciliary motion than the pharmacologically active constituents. The average time, necessary to decrease the frequency 50% with 1=5 diluted nasal drops (average t 50%(1=5) containing a mercury compound or chlorbutol, is 0.4 h. Quaternary ammonium compounds containing preparations, however, have less influence, average t 50%(1=5) greater than 1.22 h. They are to be used preferably. Nasal drops, used as decongestants, provided that they are preserved with quaternary ammonium compounds, have little influence on the ciliary motion (average t50%(1=5) greater than 1.38 h). Nasal drops containing antihistamines, in contrast, inhibit the ciliary motion largely and almost independently of the preservatives (average t50%(1=5)=0.22 h); the cromoglycate containing preparation, on the contrary, has only little effect in this respect (t50%(1=5) greater than 2 h). Antimicrobial preparations are not preserved and have an intermediate ciliotoxic effect (average t50%(1=5)=0.7 h). van de Donk H J HJ Zuidema J J Merkus F W FW eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Pharmaceutical Vehicles 0 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium IM Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology Chick Embryo Cilia drug effects Cromolyn Sodium pharmacology Histamine H1 Antagonists pharmacology Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Pharmaceutical Vehicles pharmacology Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology Trachea drug effects 1981 12 1 1981 12 1 0 1 1981 12 1 0 0 ppublish 6172832 7414191 1980 11 24 1980 11 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 3 1980 Sep Rhinology Rhinology A speculum for transseptal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. 155-6 Kern E B EB Laws E R ER Jr eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Hypophysectomy instrumentation Microsurgery instrumentation Nasal Septum Sphenoid Bone 1980 9 1 2001 3 28 10 1 1980 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7414191 7414190 1980 11 24 1980 11 24 2007 11 15

0300-0729 18 3 1980 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Some statistical data about anterior rhinomanometry.A comparative study between passive anterior rhinomanometry and active anterior rhinomanometry. 151-4 The authors studied the value of the passive anterior rhinomanometry. In a first group of 28 patients it was possible to determine by a confidence interval test if the type of the airstream was mainly laminar or turbulent . In a second group of 15 test subjects the type of airstream was graphically determined. At the same time, the values of nose resistance obtained with the P.A.R. were compared to the values obtained with active anterior rhinomanometry. Clëment P A PA Daele J J JJ eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Manometry methods Nasal Cavity physiology Statistics as Topic 1980 9 1 1980 9 1 0 1 1980 9 1 0 0 ppublish 7414190 6997974 1980 11 24 1980 11 24 2007 11 15

0300-0729 18 3 1980 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Allergic perennial and non-allergic, vasomotor rhinitis treated with budesonide nasal spray. 135-42 A recently synthetized, highly active, non-halogenated steroid, budesonide, in the form of a nasal spray was tested on 21 patients with an allergy demonstrated by means of cutaneous or RAST tests and 15 patients without allergy; these patients were further divided into two groups, 22 with nasal eosinophillia and 14 patients without. There was a significant effect on both patients with vasomotor as well as allergic rhinitis, and in patients with nasal eosinophilia, while this was not the case in the group without eosinophilia. Nasal eosinophilia must be considered an inexpensive and important diagnositic tool for the clarification of perennial rhinitis. Balle V H VH Pedersen U U Engby B B eng Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Pregnenediones 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Adolescent Adult Budesonide Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Eosinophilia drug therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pregnenediones therapeutic use Radioallergosorbent Test Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial blood drug therapy Rhinitis, Vasomotor blood drug therapy 1980 9 1 1980 9 1 0 1 1980 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6997974 6251533 1980 11 24 1980 11 24 2003 11 14

0300-0729 18 3 1980 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Microbiology of the canine nasal cavities. 143-50 The anterior and superior regions of canine nares yielded two distinct microbial populations consisting of 25 microbial species. Streptococci predominated in the anterior nose; clostridia and staphylococci were also quite prevalent. At least two distinct microorgranisms were cultured from most anterior sites. In contrast, sterile conditions prevailed in the superior nasal regions of at least 50% of the ninety-two animals. Various Bacillus sp. were recovered from the remainder. Abramson A L AL Isenberg H D HD McDermott L M LM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Clostridium perfringens isolation & purification Dogs microbiology Male Nasal Cavity microbiology Staphylococcus isolation & purification Streptococcus isolation & purification 1980 9 1 1980 9 1 0 1 1980 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6251533 6158083 1980 11 24 1980 11 24 2003 11 14

0300-0729 18 3 1980 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The effects of preservatives on the ciliary beat frequency of chicken embryo tracheas. 119-33 The effects of preservatives on the ciliary beat frequency of chicken embryo tracheas are determined, Polar compounds like benzalkonium chloride in commonly used concentrations, decrease the frequency less than 30% after a 20 minutes' exposure. The effect is not reversible after rinsing with Locke-Ringer solution. Lipophilic compounds however, like chlorbutol, cause an arrest of the cilary movement with 10 minutes. The effect, different from the polar compounds, is reversible; but only after a limited exposure-time. Mercuric compounds, like thiomersal, decrease the frequency non-reversibly 30 to 90% after a 20 minutes' exposure. EDTA decreases the frequency 40 to 50%, independent of the exposure-time and in a reversible way. The combination of benzalkonium chloride 0.01% and EDTA 0.05% is recommended to preserve nasal drops. van de Donk H J HJ Muller-Plantema I P IP Zuidema J J Merkus F W FW eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Benzalkonium Compounds 0 Hydroxybenzoic Acids 0 Nasal Decongestants 0 Pharmaceutic Aids 0 Preservatives, Pharmaceutical 54-64-8 Thimerosal 57-15-8 Chlorobutanol 60-00-4 Edetic Acid IM X Animals Benzalkonium Compounds pharmacology Chick Embryo Chlorobutanol pharmacology Cilia drug effects Edetic Acid pharmacology Hydroxybenzoic Acids pharmacology Nasal Decongestants pharmacology Pharmaceutic Aids pharmacology Preservatives, Pharmaceutical pharmacology Thimerosal pharmacology Time Factors Trachea drug effects physiology 1980 9 1 1980 9 1 0 1 1980 9 1 0 0 ppublish 6158083 7367785 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Computed tomography in the diagnosis of mucoceles of sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. 51-5 Saito Y Y Hasegawa M M Hiratsuka H H Kern E B EB eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Ethmoid Sinus radiography Humans Male Middle Aged Mucocele radiography Paranasal Sinus Diseases radiography Sphenoid Sinus radiography Tomography, X-Ray Computed 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7367785 7367784 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Cardiac symptoms and nasal obstruction. 47-50 Cvetnić S S Cvetnić V V eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Obstruction complications Female Heart Diseases diagnosis etiology Humans Male Middle Aged 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7367784 7367783 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A nasal mask for posterior rhinometry of each side of the nose separately. 43-5 A nasal mask consisting of a frame covered with a thin latex membrane allows one nostril to be closed by the application of light pressure with a finger. When the mask is connected to a pneumotachograph it is possible to measure the resistance of each side of the nose separately by posterior rhinometry. Marshall R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Manometry Masks Nose physiology 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7367783 7367782 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinomanometric recording in children. 31-42 The present paper describes the development of a method for rhinomanometric assessment of nasal respiratory resistance in children, based on a commercially available equipment, the Mercury Nasal Resistance Meter, NR 1. The instrument was modified to improve performance, and a special technique was developed for individual lining of the nose mask. The posterior rhinomanometric tehnique was further modified by fitting the oral tubing with a collar, and by the use of a bio-feedback procedure based on oscilloscope display of the flow-pressure diagram. It could then be used in all subjects, a considerable improvement over previous methods. The error of the method was analysed in a sample of 17 children aged 8-12 examined at two occasions. There was no systematic error. For the posterior method the method error within a session was about 0.2 cm H2O/l/sec at a flow rate of 0.2 l/sec. Solow B B Greve E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Child Humans Manometry instrumentation methods Monitoring, Physiologic instrumentation Nose physiology Statistics as Topic 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7367782 7367781 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Respiratory rhinometry, a review of recent trends. 3-8 Rhinometry of respiratory airflow is discussed and disadvantages of invasive methods are emphasized. The stability of the series of pressure-flow relationships of respiratory air which is repeated through consecutive nasal breaths may be exploited to provide an index of nasal obstruction-different techniques and their limitations are outlined. The use of an inexpensive microprocessor interfaced with standard respiratory laboratory pressure and flow measuring apparatus is described and advocated for assessment of resistance to respiratory airflow in the nasal cavities and other flow resistant segments of the airways. Cole P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction physiopathology Computers Humans Manometry Methods Nose physiology physiopathology Otolaryngology instrumentation Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7367781 7367780 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Transnasal microsurgical ethmoidectomy in nasal polyposis. 25-9 A technique of microsurgical ethmoidectomy by a nasal route was devised for and applied to the treatment of nasal polyposis. A description of the operative procedure and the results in 30 cases with a 3-5 years of follow-up are reported. Bagatella F F Mazzoni A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Ethmoid Sinus surgery Follow-Up Studies Humans Microsurgery methods Middle Aged Nasal Polyps surgery 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7367780 7367779 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2010 04 12

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on the nasal mucosa. 19-24 In a double blind study the effect of intranasal beclomethasone diproprionate aerosol (BDA) on the morphology of the mucosa of the middle nasal turbinate was examined. Histological specimens were taken from 22 patients receiving BDA and from 15 patients who had received a placebo. Specimens were taken before therapy and after one year of treatment. Polypectomy and ethmoidectomy had been performed on all patients prior to the beginning of treatment. The histological changes of allergic rhinitis were diminished to a greater extent in patients receiving BDA than in the patients in the placebo group. BDA therapy did not cause atrophic rhinitis nor other detrimental changes that could be demonstrated histologically. Klemi P J PJ Virolainen E E Puhakka H H eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Administration, Intranasal Beclomethasone administration & dosage pharmacology Double-Blind Method Edema Eosinophils pathology Epithelium pathology Humans Metaplasia Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy pathology Turbinates drug effects pathology 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 7367779 6988929 1980 06 16 1980 06 16 2007 11 15

0300-0729 18 1 1980 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on the recurrence of nasal polyps after ethmoidectomy. 9-18 The purpose of this work was to examine in a double blind study the ability of beclomethasone dipropionate to prevent recurrence of nasal polyps in patients in whom radical ethmoidectomy had been performed immediately before. It analyzes the results in terms of the patients subjective symptoms, clinical status and rhinomanometry. After the follow-up period of one year 86% of the patients in the beclomethasone group and 60% in the placebo group had no subjective nasal symptoms. In clinical examination polyps were absent in 54% in the beclomethasone group and in 13% in the placebo group. Rhinomanometrically there was normal nasal patency in 68% in the beclomethasone and in 33% in the placebo group. Virolainen E E Puhakka H H eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Placebos 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aged Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Ethmoid Sinus surgery Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Polyps prevention & control surgery Placebos Recurrence 1980 3 1 1980 3 1 0 1 1980 3 1 0 0 ppublish 6988929 7403788 1980 10 27 1980 10 27 2003 11 14

0300-0729 18 2 1980 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The influence of the pH and osmotic pressure upon tracheal ciliary beat frequency as determined with a new photo-electric registration device. 93-104 A method for measurement of tracheal ciliary beat frequency in vitro is described. Light transmitted through the cilia is detected by a phototransistor mounted in a microscope, while the frequency is measured instantaneously and the waveform is displayed by an oscilloscope, connected to a transient recorder. Due to the magnification and the method of illumination, the movement of approximately 30 cilia is projected on the phototransistor. In Locke-Ringer solution the waveform shows a very constant amplitude. Interference arises after a noxious influence and is dependent on the frequency of the ciliary movement. The effect of pH and osmotic pressure on chicken embryo and rat tracheal ciliary beat frequency is assessed. The frequency is not influenced between pH = 7 and pH = 10, but higher and lower pH values decrease the frequency. Hypertonic NaCl solutions decrease the frequency of chicken embryo cilia as much as hypotonic NaCl solutions. Rat cilia turned out to be less sensitive for hypotonic NaCl solutions. van de Donk H J HJ Zuidema J J Merkus F W FW eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Chick Embryo Cilia physiology Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Movement Osmolar Concentration Otolaryngology instrumentation Rats Trachea physiology 1980 6 1 1980 6 1 0 1 1980 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7403788 7403787 1980 10 27 1980 10 27 2005 11 22

0300-0729 18 2 1980 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Secretory immune response after nasal vaccination with live attenuated influenza viruses. 87-92 Immunoglobulins and virus-specific antibody in nasal secretions were measured in 18 volunteers before and after intra-nasal vaccination with two live-attenuated type A influenza virus strains. Specific serum antibody rises occurred in 14 out of 18 vaccinees; of those, 11 and 10, respectively, showed significant increase of IgA concentration and of virus-specific antibody in nasal secretions collected 2-4 weeks after vaccination. In one case, a volunteer showed appreciable increase of virus neutralizing antibody in nasal secretions without increase of local IgA concentration and of serum HI antibody. This data indicate that administration of live virus vaccines by upper respiratory route confers effective immunity associated with local antibody synthesis. Crifö S S Vella S S Filiaci F F Resta S S Rocchi G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies, Viral 0 Immunoglobulin A 0 Influenza Vaccines 0 Vaccines, Attenuated IM Adult Antibodies, Viral analysis Antibody Formation Humans Immunoglobulin A analysis Influenza A virus Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage Nasal Mucosa analysis immunology Vaccines, Attenuated administration & dosage 1980 6 1 1980 6 1 0 1 1980 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7403787 7403786 1980 10 27 1980 10 27 2010 11 18

0300-0729 18 2 1980 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Rhinitis during pregnancy. 83-6 In this study three groups of patients were analyzed: 24 pregnant women who had symptoms suggesting a maxillary sinusitis, 23 patients who were thought to have nasal complaints due to the pregnancy and 16 healthy pregnant women as a control group. In 20/24 cases of the first group and 10/23 cases of the second one there was a purulent sinusitis--as confirmed by maxillary sinus irrigations. The best diagnostic tools seemed to be the clinical satus, X-ray finding and diagnostic sinus irrigation. The therapy with sinus irrigations and nontoxic antibiotics is advocated. Sorri M M Hartikainen-Sorri A L AL Kärjä J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents IM Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use Female Humans Maxillary Sinus Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications diagnosis therapy Rhinitis diagnosis therapy Sinusitis diagnosis therapy Therapeutic Irrigation 1980 6 1 1980 6 1 0 1 1980 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7403786 7403785 1980 10 27 1980 10 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 2 1980 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A consideration of nasal, pulmonary and cardio-vascular interdependance and nasal-pulmonary function studies. 67-81 Timed vital capacity of one second, peakflow, maximum breathing capacity (maximum voluntary ventilation), maximum middle half flow rate, total vital forced expiratory and inspiratory capacities, tidal and minute volume tested via the mouth and each "nose" separately for the diagnosis of nasal airway disturbance have proved to be valuable parameters of pulmonary function for the evaluation of the degree to which each nasal chamber "loads" the effort of breathing every breath in and out of the nose. Minimum "normal" ratios of nose to mouth finding have been determined. Calculations falling below these normals indicate strongly the presence of significant nasal airway disturbance. Especially is this true when repeated testing yields constant similar results. Cottle M H MH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction diagnosis physiopathology Cardiovascular System physiopathology Humans Nose physiopathology Nose Diseases diagnosis physiopathology Respiratory Function Tests Spirometry 1980 6 1 1980 6 1 0 1 1980 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7403785 7403784 1980 10 27 1980 10 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 2 1980 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Deformities of the nasal septum in human foetuses. 105-9 In a seris of 50 embryos and foetuses ranging from 20 mm to 190 mm in length two foetuses of 34 and 37 mm (48 to 50 days old) were found, that presented deformities of the septum of the cartilaginous nasal capsule, representing 4% of our material. The deformities consisted of curves of the nasal septum, located to both vomeronasal nerves. We therefore think that this study is interesting because it adds a new factor, the congenital one, to the etiology of deformities of the nasal septum. Ruano-Gil D D Montserrat-Viladiu J M JM Vilanova-Trías J J Burgés-Vila J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Fetus Humans Nasal Septum abnormalities embryology pathology 1980 6 1 1980 6 1 0 1 1980 6 1 0 0 ppublish 7403784 7209299 1981 05 21 1981 05 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 4 1980 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Neurilemmoma of the maxillary sinus. 209-11 Elidan J J Gay I I eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Diagnosis, Differential Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Maxillary Sinus Middle Aged Neurilemmoma diagnosis surgery Nose Neoplasms diagnosis Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis surgery 1980 12 1 1980 12 1 0 1 1980 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7209299 7209298 1981 05 21 1981 05 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 4 1980 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The use of a mathematical model in rhinomanometry. 197-207 The authors consider the mathematical model proposed by the Swedish Group (Broms et al.). This model permits the pressure gradient-flow recording as obtained from anterior or posterior rhinomanometry to be converted into a mathematical formula. The model was tested for its mathematical, statistical, and clinical utility with 32 normal test subjects. It is the conviction of the authors, although not totally without reservation, that this is the best mathematical model in existence. Clément P P Marien J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Female Humans Male Manometry Mathematics Models, Biological Nasal Cavity physiology 1980 12 1 1980 12 1 0 1 1980 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7209298 7209297 1981 05 21 1981 05 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 4 1980 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The ultrastructural characteristics of the capillary walls in human nasal mucosa. 183-95 Watanabe K K Watanabe I I eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Basement Membrane ultrastructure Capillaries ultrastructure Endothelium ultrastructure Humans Nasal Mucosa blood supply ultrastructure 1980 12 1 1980 12 1 0 1 1980 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7209297 7209296 1981 05 21 1981 05 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 18 4 1980 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal mucoliliary clearance in patients with septal deviation. 177-81 We studied nasal mucociliary clearance by means of the saccharin-sky-blue technique in patients with septal deformities of the nose before and after plastic operation. The results were compared with clearance measurements in healthy persons. Prior to operation nasal clearance was statistically significantly slower (p less than 0.05) in the patient group, and mucociliostasis occurred in 21% of all measurements compared with only 3% in the group of healthy persons. 3 months after septoplasty nasal clearance was found normal in all but 3 persons who had an active nasal infection at the time of postoperative investigation. In our opinion the saccharin-sky-blue test serves as a valuable technique in the evaluation of nasal mucociliary function prior and subsequent to operation of patients with septal deformities of the nose. Ginzel A A Illum P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cilia physiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nasal Septum abnormalities surgery Surgery, Plastic 1980 12 1 1980 12 1 0 1 1980 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7209296 7010515 1981 05 21 1981 05 21 2007 11 15

0300-0729 18 4 1980 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Budesonide - a new nasal steroid. 171-5 39 patients with seasonal rhinitis entered a double-blind study comparing nasal sprays of budesonide 400 micrograms/day and placebo. Symptoms were assessed over a treatment of of three weeks. There were statistically significant differences in favour of the active spray on all measures of assessment. Side effects were mild and the incidence was negligible. Pipkorn U U Rundcrantz H H Lindqvist N N eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glucocorticoids 0 Placebos 0 Pregnenediones 51333-22-3 Budesonide IM Adolescent Adult Budesonide Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Female Glucocorticoids adverse effects therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Placebos Pregnenediones adverse effects therapeutic use Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial drug therapy 1980 12 1 1980 12 1 0 1 1980 12 1 0 0 ppublish 7010515 504913 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Effect of human leukocyte enzymes on tracheal mucosa and its mucociliary activity. 199-206 Human neutrophil granulocytes contain proteolytic enzymes. In purulent bronchial and paranasal secretions these enzymes have been found extra cellulary in complex with enzyme inhibitors as well as in free form indicating saturation of the inhibiting capacity. Isolated human leukocyte enzymes, elastase and neutral protease, were found to arrest the mucociliary activity and subsequently cause superficial tissue destruction. Elastase was found to be the most potent of the enzymes. Experimental studies with elastase together with specific inhibitor indicated the importance of the enzyme inhibitors for the integrity of the mucous membrane. Tegner H H Ohlsson K K Toremalm N G NG von Mecklenburg C C eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 EC 3.4.- Peptide Hydrolases EC 3.4.21.36 Pancreatic Elastase IM Animals Cilia drug effects Mucous Membrane drug effects Neutrophils enzymology Pancreatic Elastase pharmacology Peptide Hydrolases pharmacology Rabbits Trachea drug effects 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504913 504912 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2008 11 21

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology On nasobronchial reflex in asthmatic patients. 193-8 In 27 asthmatic patients a single cold stimulus into the nose resulted in a sudden increase of airway resistance, measured continuously by a new forced-oscillations-technique. The effect could be blocked by previous intrabronchial application of an anti-cholinergic drug. In laryngectomised patients, who no longer have a connection between the upper and the lower airpathways, cold stimuli into the nose caused a bronchoconstriction just as it did in the asthmatics. So the cold effect must be based on a reflex mechanism. Berger D D Nolte D D eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Asthma physiopathology Bronchial Spasm physiopathology Cold Temperature Humans Reflex physiology 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504912 504911 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2003 11 14

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Cellular allergy - one way to ozena? Rhinomanometry and histology in animal experiments compared with clinical aspects. 185-91 Based on rhinorheomanometric examinations supplemented by rhinoscopic and histological findings, evidence could be provided that an allergy of type IV in the Coombs and Gell classification can be challenged in the nasal mucous membrane as well. The tuberculin reaction in guinea pigs was used as test model. A critical evaluation of test results, immunological literature and some related challenge tests as to delayed reactions in human medicine are the reason for assuming the clinical symptoms of hypertrophy preceding ozena to be the clinical correlation to a type IV reaction. This correlation to clinical symptoms is not only borne out by animal experiments but also by years of experience in intranasal challenge tests, in rhinorheomanometry including the preparation of allergens for intranasal challenge. Enzmann H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Guinea Pigs Manometry Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Provocation Tests Rhinitis, Atrophic immunology pathology 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504911 504910 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The value of anthropometrical measurements in a case of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. 179-84 Haberman H H Clement P A PA eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Cephalometry Hallermann's Syndrome pathology Humans Male Mandibulofacial Dysostosis pathology 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504910 504909 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of choanal atresia. 177-8 Winther L K LK eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Endoscopy Humans Infant, Newborn Intubation, Gastrointestinal Nasal Cavity abnormalities Nasopharynx abnormalities 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504909 504908 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Imperforation of the nasolacrimal duct as a cause of nasal obstruction in the newborn. 173-5 Góralówna M M Tarantowicz W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction etiology Cysts complications Dacryocystitis etiology Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Newborn, Diseases etiology Lacrimal Apparatus abnormalities Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases complications Nasolacrimal Duct abnormalities Nose Diseases etiology 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504908 504907 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Corrective procedures in harelip nose deformities. 161-71 The author describes his method of surgical corrections of the hare lip nose which is based on publications in the literature. In addition he has developed his own technique of modelling the nasal top through intracartilagenous incisions and a special technique of stair-step-rim-nasal incision in order to prevent a linear contraction of the enlarged nostril. Walter C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cleft Lip surgery Humans Nose abnormalities surgery Rhinoplasty Surgery, Plastic methods 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504907 504906 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Results of surgical treatment of choanal atresia. 155-60 During a period of 19 years we have treated 65 infants with choanal atresia. Thirty of them showed a bilateral atresia, thirty-five a unilateral (29 left-sided, 6 right-sided). Fifty patients were girls, fifteen boys. In 27 cases the abnormality was combined with other anomalies. Most infants have been operated upon in the first six months of their life by a transpalatinal approach in general anethesia. From the results the following conclusions can be made: early treatment is the method of choice; restoration of nasal permeability, although minimal, allows normal nutrition and diminishes a number of respiratory infections, due to choking. The transpalatinal approach permits a direct control of the surgical area. It does not inhibit the growth of the hard palate and the function of the soft palate. Failures are caused by difficulties to keep the new passage open. Kossowska E E Gasik C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abnormalities, Multiple Child Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Methods Nasal Cavity abnormalities surgery Nasopharynx abnormalities surgery 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504906 504905 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Some clinical considerations on congenital anomalies of the nose. 143-53 The diagnosis and treatment of nasal cysts and fistulas are reviewed on the basis of a material of 16 cases. Definite evidence of cyst size is often unobtainable. Surgery of nasal cysts and fistulas should be done as early as possible to assure unimpaired nasal growth. In secondary fistulas re-operations may be quite problematic. Bifid noses vary substantially in terms of severity. Severity, in fact, will dictate the surgical techniques to be employed, i.e. decortication or external incisions. Saddling, which is a consistent finding can be corrected by preserved cartilage. The results thus obtainable are satisfactory by follow-up evidence. Congenital flat nose is a rare anomaly. Eight cases were encountered in the past 10 years. The techniques of columellar lengthening and strutting of the nasal tip are reviewed. Masing H H Günther H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Cysts congenital diagnosis surgery Fistula congenital diagnosis surgery Humans Infant Male Nose abnormalities surgery Nose Diseases congenital diagnosis surgery Rhinoplasty 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504905 504904 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Symposium: Congenital deformities of the nose and the mid-face region, Davos 1978. 133-84 eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Face abnormalities Humans Nose abnormalities 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504904 504903 1980 01 24 1980 01 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 3 1979 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The normal and abnormal development of the central facial areas. 133-42 Töndury G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cleft Lip embryology Face abnormalities embryology Humans Nose embryology 1979 9 1 1979 9 1 0 1 1979 9 1 0 0 ppublish 504903 432475 1979 06 26 1979 06 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 1 1979 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Ostium resistance in acute maxillary and frontal sinusitis. 37-42 Ostium function tests were performed in 18 normal maxillary and 6 normal frontal sinuses. Further 57 patients with acute maxillary and 16 patients with acute frontal sinusitis were followed using sinumanometry until resolution of infection occured. After initial obstruction of the ostium, resistance decreased exponentially until complete decongestion. Respiratory pressure changes in the sinus during forced nasal breathing are a positive sign for healing of sinusitis. The amplitude of these fluctuations should be documented during each lavage and facilitates indication for drainage procedures. Mann W W Schumann K K Schier F F eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Frontal Sinus physiology physiopathology Humans Maxillary Sinus physiology physiopathology Prognosis Respiration Sinusitis physiopathology 1979 3 1 1979 3 1 0 1 1979 3 1 0 0 ppublish 432475 432474 1979 06 26 1979 06 26 2008 11 21

0300-0729 17 1 1979 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The role of the nose in the functional unit of the respiratory system. 3-11 Drettner B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Immunoglobulins IM Airway Obstruction complications Animals Bronchi physiology Cardiovascular Diseases etiology Cilia physiology Dogs Humans Immunoglobulins physiology Lung physiology Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology immunology secretion Nose physiology physiopathology Paranasal Sinuses physiology Pharyngeal Diseases physiopathology Reflex physiology Respiration Respiratory Insufficiency complications Respiratory Physiological Phenomena 1979 3 1 1979 3 1 0 1 1979 3 1 0 0 ppublish 432474 432473 1979 06 26 1979 06 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 1 1979 Mar Rhinology Rhinology 133Xenon washout in the paranasal sinuses--a diagnostic tool for assessing ostial function. 25-9 A 133Xenon washout test is presented and interpreted. It was developed on the basis of studies into the accumulation of aerosols of different makes (lithium chloride in the form of ultrasonic, vibratory and pressurized aerosols) in the paranasal sinuses and sequential scintigraphy with radioactively labeled aerosols (99m Technetium colloidal sulfur) and is designed to shed light on the gas exchange in the paranasal sinuses and the patency of their orifices. The test constitutes a valuable addition to the battery of diagnostic tools for assessing paranasal sinus function and, at the same time, documents the true value of aerosol therapy. Zippel R R Streckenbach B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Xenon Radioisotopes IM Frontal Sinus physiology Humans Paranasal Sinuses physiology Xenon Radioisotopes diagnostic use 1979 3 1 1979 3 1 0 1 1979 3 1 0 0 ppublish 432473 432472 1979 06 26 1979 06 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 1 1979 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Relationship between nasal obstruction and pulmonary ventilation in laryngectomized patients. 19-23 Respiratory gases (Po2 and Pco2) in arterial blood were determined in 19 laryngectomized patients (47 to 77 years of age) following nasal obstruction. Po2 values were somewhat elevated, but the difference was statistically insignificant, while Pco2 value remained the same. These results to a certain extent correlate with the findings of Cave et al. on dogs, but with a minor correction which we explain by the effect of the second reflex arch of the trigeminal--phrenic and intercostal nerves. Respiration (rate, tidal volume and minute volume) was also tested and the results agreed with the findings of respiratory gases. Krajina Z Z Cepelja I I eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Animals Blood Gas Analysis Dogs Humans Laryngectomy Middle Aged Nose Diseases physiopathology Respiration Tidal Volume 1979 3 1 1979 3 1 0 1 1979 3 1 0 0 ppublish 432472 432471 1979 06 26 1979 06 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 1 1979 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Measurement of velocity of air flow in the sinus maxillaris. 13-7 Anemometry with the hot wire and hot film technique previously described, enables the rhinologist to record slow and rapidly changing air flow in the maxillary sinus. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are considered. Anemometry together with manometry may be designated sinumetry and used as a diagnostic procedure following sinuscopy in chronic maxillary sinus disease. The value of the function from velocity of time allows the estimation of flow-volume in the sinus. Furthermore, the method is useful to evaluate the optimal therapy to restore ventilation in the case of an obstructed ostium demonstrated before and after surgical opening in the inferior meatus. Müsebeck K K Rosenberg H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Maxillary Sinus physiology Pulmonary Ventilation 1979 3 1 1979 3 1 0 1 1979 3 1 0 0 ppublish 432471 34866 1979 06 26 1979 06 26 2005 11 17

0300-0729 17 1 1979 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Vasomotor rhinitis--pathophysiological aspects. 31-5 Vasomotor rhinitis is commonly defined as an unspecific hyperractivity of the nasal mucosa. The symptoms might be due to increased parasympathetic activity to the nose with the release of vaso-secretory active substances. Experimental data from the cat suggest that the postganglionic parasympathetic mediator of nasal secretion is cholinergic, whereas the vascular responses appears to be due to a different mechanism. Apart from a rich sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa there are other nerve fibres containing substance-P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The secreto-vasomotor responses can be influenced by activation of these fibres and the atropine resistant vasodilatation seen following Vidian nerve stimulation thus may partly be due to activation and release of SP and VIP. Furthermore, other vasoactive substances released such as e.g. SRS or Kallikrein may participate in these reactions. Anggård A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Autacoids 33507-63-0 Substance P 37221-79-7 Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide IM Animals Autacoids analysis Cats Nasal Mucosa innervation secretion Physical Stimulation Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal physiopathology Substance P analysis Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide analysis 1979 3 1 1979 3 1 0 1 1979 3 1 0 0 ppublish 34866 493824 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Septum surgery in children; indications, surgical technique and long-term results. 91-100 This paper summarizes the author's experience with septum surgery in children from 1963 to 1978. Some 150 children have been operated upon and many of them could be followed up. A septal deformation with breathing problems at rest is an indication for conservative surgery regardless of the patient's age. If there is only breathing difficulty during exercise, other factors (age, external deformity, psyche) play a role in making the decision. Septal deformities without functional complaints are left untouched. The prevention of a growth deformity can be a concomitant factor in deciding whether to operate. Fresh fractures, septal haematoma's and abscesses are undisputable indications for surgery. The surgical technique as used in the two most frequent types of deformation is described. A boy operated upon at the age of 4 was followed-up over a period of 15 years. His nose developed normally until puberty. Then some growth disturbance became apparent. Huizing E H EH eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Child, Preschool Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Methods Nasal Septum surgery Nose Diseases surgery 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493824 493823 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2006 11 15

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Epistaxis in childhood. 83-90 Petruson B B eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Child Child, Preschool Chronic Disease Epistaxis epidemiology etiology therapy Hemorrhagic Disorders complications Humans Nose injuries Respiratory Tract Infections complications Sweden 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493823 493822 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Traumatology of the newborn's nose. 77-82 Three different types of nasal deformities are described in the newborn: 1. Fixed deviations caused by injury in the prenatal period, which are mainly selfcorrecting. 2. Deviations brought about during delivery, requiring repositioning, and 3. Deformities caused by pressure and moulding of the foetal head, which also require treatment. Methods for the detection of the last two groups are also described. Stoksted P P Schønsted-Madsen U U eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Birth Injuries therapy Female Fetus Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Newborn, Diseases Nose abnormalities injuries Pregnancy Pressure adverse effects Skull 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493822 493821 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Morphologic aspects of the injured nasal septum in children. 65-75 Biopsies from the septal cartilage in children have been examined histologically to study the influence of trauma, surgery, septal abscess, and transplantation on the growing cartilage. Loss of cartilage, complete, but mostly incomplete regeneration of the defects are the main reactions. A regenerative potential mainly arising from the perichondrium plays an important factor for restoring the septal structure, often in a deforming and excessive way. Even preserved cartilage implanted immediately into the septal abscess, may be transformed into autogenous cartilage if the perichondrium is preserved. Pirsig W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Abscess pathology Adolescent Cartilage pathology physiopathology transplantation Child Female Humans Male Nasal Septum injuries pathology physiopathology surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired pathology Regeneration Transplantation, Autologous Transplantation, Homologous 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493821 493820 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effects of septal surgery on the growth of nose and maxilla. 53-63 Experiments in growing rabbits showed the great importance of the nasal septum for the postnatal growth of the facial skeleton. The influence of surgical procedures on the morphogenetic function of the nasal septum was investigated. The effects of unilateral and bilateral elevation of the mucoperichondrium and of submucous resection of various parts of the septal cartilage on the growth of the nose and upper jaw are demonstrated. Verwoerd C D CD Urbanus N A NA Nijdam D C DC eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Animals Cartilage surgery Child Child, Preschool Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Maxillofacial Development Methods Nasal Septum surgery Nose growth & development Nose Diseases surgery Rabbits Skull growth & development 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493820 493819 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Allogenic implants of the nasal dorsum: clinical and experimental studies in animals. 121-4 Reck R R Mika H H Sonntag W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cartilage transplantation Dura Mater transplantation Follow-Up Studies Humans Rats Rhinoplasty methods Transplantation, Homologous 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493819 493818 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Nasal septal perforations: use of Silastic button in 108 patients. 115-20 Between June 1972 and November 1977, 108 patients had medical-grade Silastic buttons inserted transnasally into a perforation of the nasal septum. This nonsurgical technique was done as an office procedure with use of 5% cocaine applied topically in 97 of the 108 patients. The Silastic button has remained in place in 70.4% of the patients, with follow-up ranging from 9 months to 6 years. This mechanical device is inserted easily and has reduced crusting and bleeding considerably in many patients. The failures frequently were related to patient intolerance or poor mechanical fit and occurred in the first few days or first few months after insertion. Facer G W GW Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Silicone Elastomers IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum Nose Diseases rehabilitation Prostheses and Implants Silicone Elastomers 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493818 493817 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2007 11 15

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Methodological aspects of rhinomanometry. 107-14 Rhinomanometry is an objective method for determining nasal patency; its reliability and relevance as an aid in defining and solving problems connected with nasal obstruction have, however, received scant attention. In the present study more than 200 subjects were submitted to rhinomanometry--most of them only by the posterior technique. In 50 of these subjects duplicate determinations of the pressure drop across the nose at the flow rate of 0.3 l/s were made within a short interval; the coefficient of variation was 20--25 per cent. The rhinomanometric values in a small group showed a day-to-day variation of 55 per cent. Because rhinomanometry allows only a moderate level of accuracy the method is unsuitable for detecting a borderline case. As the influence of the variability of the method is smaller in large materials, rhinomanometry is more suitable for comparison of groups than of individual patients. Kumlien J J Schiratzki H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Evaluation Studies as Topic Humans Manometry instrumentation methods Nose physiology Otolaryngology methods Pulmonary Ventilation 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493817 493816 1979 12 20 1979 12 20 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 2 1979 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The indirect measurement of laryngeal and tracheal resistance. 101-6 We used a body-plethysmograph to determine air-way resistances in 485 cases of laryngeal and tracheal stenoses. We decided in 143 cases to intervene after observing resistance exceeding 60 mm H2O/l and sec. A vocal chord was lateral fixated in 49 patients suffering bilateral recurrent paralysis. Optimal results were obtained at a postoperative resistance level of 30 mm H2O/l and sec (standard value: 14.77+/-6.53--n = 387). The patients could carry out work of medium intensity and had a steady voice. We performed tracheal interventions in 94 cases of tracheal stenoses. A mean, post-operative resistance of 29.9 mm H2O/l and sec, with a tracheal diameter of 7--8 mm was attained. In practice, only a few patients found the remaining obstruction a hindrance during work of maximal intensity. No recurrences were observed after treatment. Airway resistances exceeding 150 mm H2O/l and sec were found in 13 new admissions and 73 times in those undergoing therapy. In these cases asphyxiation threatens. These patients have to be tracheotomized or intubated immediately. Schumann K K Beck C C Mann W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Follow-Up Studies Humans Laryngostenosis physiopathology surgery Methods Plethysmography, Whole Body Tracheal Stenosis physiopathology surgery 1979 6 1 1979 6 1 0 1 1979 6 1 0 0 ppublish 493816 523891 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Results of surgical treatment of congenital cysts of the nasal dorsum in children. 275-7 Chmielik M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Cysts congenital surgery Humans Nose Diseases congenital surgery 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523891 523890 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Odontogenic ethmoiditis. 271-4 Helidonis E E Bosinakou M M Pantazopoulos P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Ethmoid Sinus Female Fistula complications Focal Infection, Dental etiology Humans Molar Mouth Diseases complications Oroantral Fistula complications Palate Sinusitis 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523890 523889 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2006 11 15

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Comparison of the gas quantities in the blood of patients with nasal packing for epistaxis, after nasal surgery and experimentally. 257-64 The authors examined blood pO2 and pCO2 in patients whose noses had been tamponaded because of epistaxis, nasal surgery and in animals whose noses had been artificially obstructed. A marked fall of pO2 and an increase of pCO2 were found as well as certain differences of the gas quantities between the first and second groups of patients. For this phenomenon an explanation is given. Cvetnic V V Cvetnic S S Grbac I I eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 124-38-9 Carbon Dioxide 7782-44-7 Oxygen IM Adult Aged Airway Obstruction blood etiology Animals Carbon Dioxide blood Dogs Epistaxis therapy Female Hemostasis Humans Male Middle Aged Nose surgery Oxygen blood Tampons, Surgical 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523889 523888 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Postoperative mucoceles of the maxillary sinus. 253-6 Apparently, the incidence of postoperative maxillary sinus mucoceles is greater in Japan than in the Western world. Between 1967 and 1976 at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 132 patients had the diagnosis of mucoceles of the maxillary sinus. Of these patients, 131 (99%) had histories of previous maxillary sinus surgery. A number of etiologic mechanisms are probably involved in producing these mucoceles. Hasegawa M M Saito Y Y Watanabe I I Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus surgery Middle Aged Mucocele diagnosis etiology Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis etiology Postoperative Complications Sinusitis surgery 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523888 523887 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Studies of the gas exchange and pressure in the maxillary sinuses in normal and infected humans. 245-51 The total gas pressure in experimentally occluded maxillary sinus was continuously recorded during 90 minutes on 7 healthy human subjects. PO2 and PCO2 were measured before and after the total pressure recording. In 3 cases the volume changes in the sinus were measured. The total gas pressure after an initial increase to about 35 mm H2O decreased to a steady state of about 70 mm H2O below atmospheric pressure. The volume changes in sinus showed a corresponding alteration. The gas measurements showed a decrease of PO2 of 25 mm Hg and a rise of PCO2 of 21 mm Hg. In 3 patients with acute purulent sinusitis there was seen a pressure of about 10 cm H2O above the atmospheric pressure. Aust R R Falck B B Svanholm H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 124-38-9 Carbon Dioxide 7782-44-7 Oxygen IM Adult Carbon Dioxide blood Humans Maxillary Sinus physiology physiopathology Oxygen blood Pressure Sinusitis physiopathology 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523887 523886 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Reconstruction of the facial fenestration in the Caldwell-Luc maxillary sinus operation. 237-43 The result of the inadvoidable removal of bone in the canine fossa during antral fenestration is a large bone defect. Scar tissue grows across this defect and sometimes obliterates and interferes with the antral physiology. This paper presents our experience with the reconstruction of the defect by means of the osteotomised canine fossa bone with adhering soft tissues. In this way the antral volume remains unchanged and irritation of the infraorbital nerve often caused by the scar tissue of the facial fenestration as well as other pathological sequelae after the Caldwell-Luc operation are avoided. Akuamoa-Boateng E E Niederdellmann H H Fabinger A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Methods 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523886 523885 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Long-term results of Vidian neurectomy. 231-5 A number of publications appeared in the sixties claiming success of Vidian neurectomy in patients with chronic vasomotor rhinitis and recurrent polyposis nasi. During the period from October 1970 through February 1975, a total of 27 Vidian neurectomies was performed in 14 patients (seven males and seven females). Two groups of seven patients each were operated on; seven patients with chronic vasomotor rhinitis and seven patients with recurrent polyposis nasi and rhinitis. Symptoms were quantitatively recorded pre- and postoperatively and patients were followed up 15--66 months. The Rotterdam results appear in the long run inferior to those published in the literature. Krant J N JN Wildervanck de Blécourt P P Dieges P H PH de Heer L J LJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Denervation Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Polyps surgery Nose innervation surgery Postoperative Complications Recurrence Rhinitis surgery Rhinitis, Vasomotor surgery 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523885 523884 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Use of intranasal pledgets for localization of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. (notes on technique). 227-30 The site of cerebrospinal fluid leaks from the nose can be localized by means of radioactive substances. The technical aspects are important for success. Barrs D M DM Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Radioisotopes 7440-64-4 Ytterbium IM Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnosis Gossypium Humans Nose Radioisotopes Ytterbium diagnostic use 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523884 523883 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Experimental surgery of the nose, anteroposterior changes of the mucosa on altering the air-flow. 215-25 In 20 rabbits one nostril was surgically closed and the mucous membrane studied 4--90 days after the operation. The density of goblet cells was determined anteriorly and posteriorly on whole mounts, epithelial changes on serial sections from 4 different localities on the septum. Anteriorly on the open side damage to the cilia initiated epithelial processes of repair, viz. hyperplasia of basal cells, transformation of these cells into columnar cells, and differentiation into mucous and ciliated cells. On the 16th day the epithelium was again columnar and ciliated. As a consequence of continued trauma new cycles were initiated, but not even after 90 days was there any squamous epithelium. In the middle and posteriorly on the septum no changes were demonstrated, indicating a marked, but gradual decrease in the anteroposterior direction of the influence by the air-flow upon the mucosa. On the closed side there was increased secretory activity and normalization of the epithelium which was changed most anteriorly in normal rabbits. Tos M M Mogensen C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cilia ultrastructure Epithelial Cells Epithelium pathology ultrastructure Humans Hyperplasia Nasal Mucosa cytology pathology Nose surgery Pulmonary Ventilation Rabbits 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 523883 392683 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2004 11 17

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Obituary. Professor Sven Ingelstedt. 279 Toremalm N G NG eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q History, 20th Century Otolaryngology history Sweden Ingelstedt S S 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 392683 230566 1980 03 27 1980 03 27 2006 04 13

0300-0729 17 4 1979 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Transcatheter arterial embolization as a preoperative procedure in the management of juvenile angiofibroma. 265-70 Coyas A A Tzagarakis M M Giorgis G G Katsiotis P P eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Carotid Artery, External radiography Carotid Artery, Internal Embolization, Therapeutic Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable therapeutic use Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous blood supply radiography therapy Humans Male Maxillary Artery Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms blood supply radiography therapy 1979 12 1 1979 12 1 0 1 1979 12 1 0 0 ppublish 230566 725436 1979 02 26 1979 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 3 1978 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The cause and effect of mouth-breathing as related to malocclusion. 191-6 Strnad J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Child Child, Preschool Humans Malocclusion etiology Methods Mouth Breathing complications therapy Orthodontics, Corrective Tongue Habits complications etiology 1978 9 1 1978 9 1 0 1 1978 9 1 0 0 ppublish 725436 725435 1979 02 26 1979 02 26 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 3 1978 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Surgical approaches to abnormalities of the nasal valve. 165-89 A systematic surgical approach to nasal valve abnormalities depends on adequate and precise exposure of the abnormality to be corrected and is facilitated by the use of magnification. Small anatomic disturbances in the region of the nasal valve can produce significant airway obstruction by narrowing the nasal valve angle. Normally, this angle between the caudal end of the upper lateral cartilage and the nasal septum is from 10 to 15 degree. In all patients with nasal airway obstruction, a meticulous clinical evaluation of the nasal valve is required. Nasal valve abnormalities can produce symptoms due to an already increased collapsibility of the nasal valve; therefore surgical intervention is directed toward reconstruction of normal anatomic relationships, usually by widening the nasal valve angle and preventing either extreme of rigidity or collapsibility. Appropriate and delicate handling of the intercartilaginous aponeurosis between the upper lateral (roof) cartilage and the lower lateral (lobular or alar) cartilage with prevention of excessive scar tissue formation usually can be achieved by dissection on the upper lateral cartilage. The surgical plane is beneath the overlying musculature and neurovascular layers. By preserving the mucocutaneous lining and by accurate suturing of incisions, primary wound healing is facilitated. Clinical experience suggest that the application of these concepts benefits patients by preventing or treating abnormalities of the nasal valve. Eventually, longterm results with preoperative and postoperative physiologic testing (rhinomanometry), coupled with critical clinical re-evaluation, should allow adoption, rejection, or, more likely, modification of the principles offered by this contribution. Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction etiology Cartilage surgery Humans Methods Nasal Cavity pathology Nasal Septum pathology Nose Deformities, Acquired pathology physiopathology surgery Pulmonary Ventilation 1978 9 1 1978 9 1 0 1 1978 9 1 0 0 ppublish 725435 725434 1979 02 26 1979 02 26 2007 11 15

0300-0729 16 3 1978 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Some physical data about passive anterior rhinomanometry (P.A.R.). 149-63 The authors studied the physical data of the passive anterior rhinomanometry (P.A.R). The values obtained from thirty normal test subjects made it possible to make a statistical analysis (ANOVA) of the different variables involved with the P.A.R. By measuring "delta p" with successively changing flows, it was possible to determine that the airstream was mainly laminar. Clément P A PA von Dishoeck E A EA Stoop A P AP eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Humans Methods Nose physiology Pulmonary Ventilation Respiratory Function Tests instrumentation methods Statistics as Topic 1978 9 1 1978 9 1 0 1 1978 9 1 0 0 ppublish 725434 364618 1979 02 26 1979 02 26 2006 11 15

0300-0729 16 3 1978 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Perforations of the nasal septum following operative procedures. 123-38 New operative methods have been introduced into nasal surgery in recent years; these are septoplastic, rhinoplastic and nasal reconstruction. These new methods are now employed together with the more traditional submucous septum resection. Today the above mentioned operations have been carried out in such large numbers that it is possible to commence comparing operative results. The present investigation is a comparison of the number of septum perforations with 1) submucous septum resection, 2) septum correction with reconstruction of the septum skeleton, and 3) septum correction in connection with rhinoplastic of the outer nose, possibly supplemented by nasal reconstruction. In the latter case a systematic suturing of all mucosal lacerations has been carried out, partly to prevent septum perforations and partly in order to keep the septum flaps intact during reimplantation of the cartilage and bone with the object of constructing a solid septum skeleton. While primary suturing of the mucosa is a relatively simple procedure, the closure of postoperative septum perforations is far more difficult. The results depend on the size of the perforation and the amount of cartilage and bone material still remaining in the septum. It must therefore be advisable to employ operative techniques which are able to prevent septum perforations or at least reduce their number to a minimum. Stoksted P P Vase P P eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Infant Male Methods Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa surgery Nasal Septum surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired etiology Nose Diseases diagnosis etiology surgery Postoperative Complications surgery Suture Techniques 1978 9 1 1978 9 1 0 1 1978 9 1 0 0 ppublish 364618 103182 1979 02 26 1979 02 26 2007 11 15

0300-0729 16 3 1978 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Perennial rhinitis - its causation and treatment, a trial of a new formulation of sodium cromoglycate. 139-47 A double blind cross over study on the effect on 2% aqueous solution of sodium cromoglycate in perennial rhinitis has been performed in 37 patients. It is concluded that SCG solution is a useful and effective therapy irrespective of whether the disease is due to exogen allergy or vasomotoric (intrinsic) type. Norill B B Rebo R R Jackman N N eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium IM Adolescent Adult Child Chronic Disease Clinical Trials as Topic Cromolyn Sodium therapeutic use Female Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis drug therapy etiology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1978 9 1 1978 9 1 0 1 1978 9 1 0 0 ppublish 103182 635369 1978 05 17 1978 05 17 2003 11 14

0300-0729 16 1 1978 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Microscopic and ultramicroscopic alterations of the respiratory mucous membrane in experimentally provoked bronchitis. 41-7 The noses of four experimental dogs were surgically obstructed, and thus their entire respiration was disturbed, and this affected the mucous membranes of the lower respiratory passages. Normal histological examinations and electronic microscopy found chronic irritation of the bronchial mucous membranes. It was possible histologically to follow the most subtile alterations on the membranes from the very beginning of the chronic bronchitis. The importance of nasal obstruction as a contributing factor of chronic bronchitis is stressed. Cvetnić V V Cvetnić S S Sanković F F Herceg M M Sipus N N eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Bronchi pathology ultrastructure Bronchitis etiology pathology Dogs Mucous Membrane pathology ultrastructure 1978 3 1 1978 3 1 0 1 1978 3 1 0 0 ppublish 635369 635368 1978 05 17 1978 05 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 1 1978 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Porcine atrophic rhinitis: a model for studying nasal physiology and pathophysiology. 31-9 Porcine infectious atrophic rhinitis is a disease of swine which ought to be of considerable interest to rhinologists. We have reviewed some aspects of human atrophic rhinitis, and some aspects of etiology incidence, pathology and physiology of porcine infectious atrophic rhinitis. Swine with this nasal problem fail rather dramatically, to gain as much weight as unaffected animals. We have speculated on several reasons for this including altered nasal physiology and trigeminal reflexes and reduced olfaction. Photographs of infected pigs are included. Duberstein L E LE Hessler J R JR eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Disease Models, Animal Humans Nasal Mucosa pathology physiology Nose pathology physiology Rhinitis, Atrophic drug therapy etiology microbiology pathology physiopathology veterinary Swine Swine Diseases pathology 1978 3 1 1978 3 1 0 1 1978 3 1 0 0 ppublish 635368 635367 1978 05 17 1978 05 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 1 1978 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The clinical significance, diagnosis and treatment of bulla formation in the nose. 3-10 Nasal stenosis as a result of a bulla formation in the middle concha and uncinate process, together with hypertrophy of the bulla ethmoidalis, is described on the basis of 4 case histories. The condition obstructs drainage from the paranasal sinuses and produces an unphysiological airstream through the nose. This results in a disease complex which is dominated, in particular, by nasal stenosis, a feeling of pressure with radiating pains to the neighbouring regions, together with chronic infection of the upper and lower airways. It appears to be difficult to make the diagnosis clinically and from routine x-rays. The importance of the differential diagnosis from nasal polyps and mucosal hypertropy is emphasized. It is suggested that the term "bulla cavi nasi" by employed as a common name for bulla formation in the nose. Grontved A A eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Aged Bone Cysts pathology radiography surgery Female Humans Male Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nose Diseases pathology radiography surgery Paranasal Sinuses physiopathology Rhinoplasty Tomography, X-Ray Turbinates physiopathology 1978 3 1 1978 3 1 0 1 1978 3 1 0 0 ppublish 635367 635366 1978 05 17 1978 05 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 1 1978 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Variations in nasal resistance in man: a rhinomanometric study of the nasal cycle in 50 human subjects. 19-29 The alternating congestion and decongestion of the nasal mucosa, termed the "nasal cycle", was investigated with current mask (posterior) active rhinomanometric techniques. This communication reports variations in nasal resistance in 50 human subjects, each studied for about 7 hours. Approximately 600 resistance values (cm H2O/liter per second) were obtained from each subject. The nasal cycle defined in rhinomanometric terms was that alternating congestion and decongestion of the nasal turbinates which produced a change in pressure and airflow values calculated as resistance (comparing one side with the other) of 20% or greater for two consecutive observations (at least 15 minutes). The data demonstrated that 36 of 50 subjects (12 of 18 males and 24 of 32 females) had at least one nasal cycle during the period of observation. Hasegawa M M Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Airway Resistance Female Humans Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Mucosa physiology Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation Turbinates physiology 1978 3 1 1978 3 1 0 1 1978 3 1 0 0 ppublish 635366 147504 1978 05 17 1978 05 17 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 1 1978 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Measurement of air flow in the maxillary sinus by hot-film technique. 11-8 A method of hot-film-anemometry was developed to investigate the velocity of air flow in the maxillary sinus which has hitherto not been detected by other methods. The hot-film-probe can registrate the slow but rapidly changing air flow dependent on the respiratory cycles. This study was performed during sinuscopy. The average of measurement values by quiet respiration was found in the sinus of 8 cm/sec during a velocity in the nose of 5 m/sec. The respiratory fluctuations in the nose induce a movement stream of circulation in the sinus. When inspiration changes to expiration there was still a flow but at a lower degree. No flow in the sinus could be observed between respiratory cycles. After sniffing the velocity peak rises to higher values. The air flow in the sinus depends on the patency of the ostium. In case of a reduced air flow we can distinguish between a partially open ostia and an obstructed one. The measurement demonstrates an injector-effect beside the influence of pressure difference and diffusion on the ventilation of the sinus. Müsebeck K K Rosenberg H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Air Humans Maxillary Sinus physiology Pulmonary Ventilation Rheology methods 1978 3 1 1978 3 1 0 1 1978 3 1 0 0 ppublish 147504 684329 1978 10 18 1978 10 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 2 1978 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Solitary plasmacytoma of the nasal passage--a case report. 99-101 Extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare tumors usually appearing in the upper respiratory system or the alimentary tract in the fifth and sixth decades of life. A little over two hundred cases have been reported in the literature. The association between solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma has been emphasized by Helmus, 1964; Mattila, 1965. Approximately 90% of the extramedullary plasma cell tumors occur in the head and neck region and are therefore within the province of the otolaryngologist. A case of solitary nasal plasmacytoma treated with combined surgical and radiation therapy is presented. The six years follow up supports the success of therapy. Kanimtürk E E eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Nasal Cavity Nose Neoplasms pathology radiotherapy surgery Plasmacytoma pathology radiotherapy surgery 1978 6 1 1978 6 1 0 1 1978 6 1 0 0 ppublish 684329 684328 1978 10 18 1978 10 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 2 1978 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Disturbances of breathing and initiation of other symptoms following nasal surgery. 95-7 Barelli P A PA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nose physiology surgery Postoperative Complications Respiration 1978 6 1 1978 6 1 0 1 1978 6 1 0 0 ppublish 684328 684327 1978 10 18 1978 10 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 2 1978 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Aerosol distribution in the nose. 79-88 Using a cast of the human nose the intranasal distribution of drugs, delivered from pressurized aerosols and nebulizers was studied. The results indicate that a pressurized aerosol should be used twice in each nostril to give an acceptable drug distribution, and also that an automized pump is preferable for a plastic-bottle nebulizer with regard to drug distribution. Mygind N N Vesterhauge S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols IM Administration, Intranasal Aerosols administration & dosage Humans Nasal Cavity metabolism Tissue Distribution 1978 6 1 1978 6 1 0 1 1978 6 1 0 0 ppublish 684327 356161 1978 10 18 1978 10 18 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 2 1978 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The transseptal approach to the pituitary gland. 59-78 Transseptal, transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is safe and effective in the management of various problems associated with the region of the sella turcica. This series include 285 operations on 272 patients treated from Sept. 1, 1972, to Sept. 1, 1976. The operative mortality was 1.75%. In every patient, the anatomy should be assessed preoperatively by polytomograms of the sella and the sphenoid sinus and by bilateral carotid angiography. The operating microscope and intra-operative x-ray control with the image-intensifier are essentials. Pneumoencephalography is performed whenever the possibility of an empty sella or arachnoidal cyst exists and when angiography does not satisfactorily outline the suprasellar extension of large pituitary tumors. Computerized tomographic scanning is also of value. A new group of pathologic problems, namely microadenomas (tumors less than 1 cm in diameter), has now become amenable to transseptal surgical management. This series includes a group of 50 patients with microadenomas: 45 with functioning pituitary adenomas and 5 with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. The transfrontal intracranial surgical approach also has specific indications. This choice is determined by the anatomy and the extent and nature of the pathologic lesion. The rhinologic concepts of exposure and reconstruction are modifications of the "maxilla-premaxilla" (Cottle) approach to the nasal septum. This allows direct midline access to the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica while preserving both the caudal end of the nasal septum and the anterior nasal spine, thereby minimizing rhinologic airway and cosmetic complications. We believe that, by combining the talents of the neurosurgeon, endocrinologist, neuroradiologist, ophthalmologist, and rhinologist, this procedure can be offered to patients with a wide range of disorders and excellent results may be anticipated. Kern E B EB Laws E R ER Jr eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Anesthetics, Local IM Anesthesia Anesthetics, Local Humans Methods Nasal Cavity surgery Patient Care Team Pituitary Gland surgery Postoperative Care Postoperative Complications mortality Radiography methods Surgical Instruments Suture Techniques 1978 6 1 2001 3 28 10 1 1978 6 1 0 0 ppublish 356161 98822 1978 10 18 1978 10 18 2007 11 15

0300-0729 16 2 1978 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Clinical and histological study to assess changes in the nasal mucosa in patients with chronic perennial rhinitis comparing sodium cromoglycate and placebo. 89-95 A controlled trial comparing sodium cromoglycate 2% nasal solution against placebo has demonstrated that in patients with severe perennial rhinitis sodium cromoglycate is clinically effective and also that gross histological changes in the nasal mucosa are reversed following treatment for eight weeks with this therapy. Liern Caballero M M Alberola Carbonell C C Climent Pérez J L JL Miro Pérez H H eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Placebos 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium IM Chronic Disease Clinical Trials as Topic Cromolyn Sodium pharmacology therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Humans Nasal Mucosa drug effects pathology Placebos Rhinitis drug therapy 1978 6 1 1978 6 1 0 1 1978 6 1 0 0 ppublish 98822 741150 1979 04 25 1979 04 25 2008 11 21

0300-0729 16 4 1978 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The effect of breath holding, hyperventilation, and exercise on nasal resistance. 243-9 A group of 51 patients was studied by a technique of active posterior rhinomanometry that assessed the influence of breath holding, hyperventilation, and exercise on nasal resistance. Breath hodling of 30 seconds or longer produced a decrease in nasal resistance in most of the subjects tested. Hyperventilation had variable effects on nasal resistance, and exercise consistently decreased nasal resistance. These observations are consistent with the proposed effect of chemoreceptor stimulation on nasal airway resistance. Hasegawa M M Kern E B EB eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 124-38-9 Carbon Dioxide IM S Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Carbon Dioxide blood Female Humans Hyperventilation physiopathology Male Manometry methods Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa physiology Physical Exertion Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation Respiration 1978 12 1 1978 12 1 0 1 1978 12 1 0 0 ppublish 741150 741149 1979 04 25 1979 04 25 2000 12 18

0300-0729 16 4 1978 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Acute necrotizing rhinitis in man. 235-42 The clinical picture and the course of the acute necrotizing rhinitis in man is described in its different stages. Necrotizing rhinitis seems to be a significant factor in the etiology of some disturbances of the nasal respiratory function and of the ciliary activity of the nose, of atrophic rhinitis and of dry pharyngitis, in some cases of intranasai adhesions and of permanent mucosal defects of the septum. To our knowledge these defects have not been reported in the literature in the past, but are apparently not too rare. Loch W E WE Loch W E WE Reiriz H M HM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Epistaxis pathology Nasal Mucosa pathology physiopathology Necrosis pathology Nose Diseases etiology Rhinitis complications pathology physiopathology Wound Healing 1978 12 1 1978 12 1 0 1 1978 12 1 0 0 ppublish 741149 741148 1979 04 25 1979 04 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 4 1978 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Quantitative histology of the normal sphenoidal sinus. 203-13 From 32 normal sphenoidal sinuses in 16 patients the mucosa was removal at autopsy, stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole mount method, and the density of goblet cells as well as of mucous glands was determined. The median density of goblet cells was 6200 cells per mm2, without statistically significant differences between the walls. The median density of glands was very low, 0.06 gland/mm2, highest in the anterior wall which has 0.1 gland/mm2 and lowest in the posterior wall which has 0.05 gland/mm2. The total gland count was less than 50 in 94% of the sinuses, 51--80 in 4%. The glands were small, tubulo-acinous. Hence, the production of mucus by the glands is entirely negligible in relation to that of the goblet cells. Mogensen C C Tos M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cell Count Epithelial Cells Epithelium anatomy & histology Humans Mucous Membrane anatomy & histology cytology metabolism Mucus metabolism Sphenoid Sinus anatomy & histology cytology metabolism 1978 12 1 1978 12 1 0 1 1978 12 1 0 0 ppublish 741148 154164 1979 04 25 1979 04 25 2006 11 15

0300-0729 16 4 1978 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Intranasal ipratropium: inhibition of methacholine induced hypersecretion. 225-33 The submucous glands of the nose have an abundant innervation from the parasympathetic nervous system, and rhinorrhea, a symptom of perennial rhinitis, is in all probability caused by an increased activity in these nerves. Pharmacological blockade with atropine-like compounds will therefore be a logical method of treatment. Rhinorrhoea was brought about in the laboratory in 15 healthy experimental subjects by the intranasal application of methacholine. The experimental subjects were pretreated with Ipratropium (Atrovent, Boehringer-Ingelheim) or placebo in a double-blind trial and it was found that Atrovent could effectively inhibit the methacholine induced hypersecretion for up to 6 hours, without local or systemic side-effects. The methacholine induced hypersecretion could also be effectively blocked in 10 patients with perennial rhinitis, and an open clinical study demonstrated that Atrovent had an effect on the spontaneous rhinorrhoea of these patients. Borum P P eng Clinical Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Atropine Derivatives 0 Methacholine Compounds 0 Placebos 60205-81-4 Ipratropium IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Airway Resistance drug effects Atropine Derivatives pharmacology Depression, Chemical Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Female Humans Ipratropium administration & dosage pharmacology Male Methacholine Compounds administration & dosage pharmacology Nasal Mucosa drug effects secretion Placebos Rhinitis physiopathology 1978 12 1 1978 12 1 0 1 1978 12 1 0 0 ppublish 154164 84402 1979 04 25 1979 04 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 16 4 1978 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Acid mucopolysaccharide layer of the surface nasal epithelium. 215-23 In the anterior tip of the inferior turbinate, the epithelium has microvilli which are covered by a mucopolysaccharide layer. This layer is about 0.8 mu in depth, well stained by ruthenium red and with a high density. The spaces between these microvilli are filled with this dense layer; therefore the movement of microvilli are suppressed, but this layer is a strong defensive line against ambient air. It is known that most inhaled particles are deposited in the anterior nares. So virus, microorganisms and antigens etc. will easily penetrate the epithelium if this layer becomes thin. Two centimeters behind the anterior tip where the epithelium is ciliated, the mucous layer over the cilia is less stained by ruthenium red and has a lower density than the anterior tip. This layer does not insert itself between the cilia. The fine filamentous mucopolysaccharide which seems flexible binds the cilias and the mucous layer. While the beat of cilia is not suppressed the inhaled particles cannot insert between cilia. In conclusion, the deep mucopolysaccharide layer over the anterior tip of the inferior turbinate and ciliary beat are important defensive mechanisms against the trauma of the ambient air. Watanabe K K Saito Y Y Watanabe I I eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Glycosaminoglycans IM Air Cilia ultrastructure Epithelium physiology ultrastructure Glycosaminoglycans physiology Histocytochemistry Humans Microvilli ultrastructure Mucus physiology Nasal Mucosa physiology ultrastructure Staining and Labeling Turbinates 1978 12 1 1978 12 1 0 1 1978 12 1 0 0 ppublish 84402 905719 1977 11 25 1977 11 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 3 1977 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Quantitative histology of the maxillary sinus. 129-40 The entire mucosa from 10 normal maxillary sinuses was removed post-mortem and stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method. The density of goblet cells and of mucous glands was investigated. The median density of goblet cells was 170 cells/field, corresponding to 9,600 cells per mm2, with wide individual variations, but there were no significant differences in density between the various walls. The density of goblet cells was somewhat higher than in the nose. Glands were very scarce and small in the maxillary sinus. Their median density in most walls was 0.15-0.20 gland/mm2, but in the medial wall significantly higher, 0.5 gland/mm2. The lower density of glands in the maxilly sinus than in the nose, where it is 8-9 glands/mm2, is in complete agreement with lesser requirement of the antral mucosa for moistening, cleaning, and warming of the air. Quantitative histological studies of normal mucosa will form the basis for studies of abnormal mucosa. Mogensen C C Tos M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Cell Count Epithelial Cells Exocrine Glands anatomy & histology Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus analysis Middle Aged Mucous Membrane cytology Mucus Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology Nasal Septum anatomy & histology 1977 9 1 1977 9 1 0 1 1977 9 1 0 0 ppublish 905719 905718 1977 11 25 1977 11 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 3 1977 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Histology of nasal polyps of different etiology. 121-8 The aim of the present study is to elucidate the correlation between etiology and histology in nasal polyps with special regard to cystic fibrosis (CF). Nasal polyps from 15 children with CF and a control group of non-CF polyps from 15 adult patients were examined by light-microscopy. The histological evaluation was carried out on a blind basis in order to avoid bias. Among the parameters used, the tissue eosinophilia proved to be the most valuable factor in the differentiation between CF and non-CF polyps, as only few eosinophils were found in the CF-polyps. The polyp glands were few and generally pathological. Some characteristics abnormalities in the grandular morphology are apparently more common in CF polyps. It is concluded, that the histological examination of nasal polyps is of importance for the correct classification of the patient, but the diagnosis of CF cannot be made based on microscopy of polyps. Further studies including blinded histological examination of nasal polypous tissue might contribute to a more differentiated diagnose of nasal polyposis. Sorensen H H Mygind N N Tygstrup I I Winge Flensborg E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Cystic Fibrosis complications pathology Eosinophilia pathology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa pathology Nasal Polyps etiology pathology 1977 9 1 1977 9 1 0 1 1977 9 1 0 0 ppublish 905718 71754 1977 11 25 1977 11 25 2005 11 17

0300-0729 15 3 1977 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Clinical management of sinusitis. 141-7 In the clinical management of sinusitis, consideration should be given to the etiology of the disease, which today can be classified as infection, allergy and vasomotor conditions and local and general immunity deficiency. It is important to mention that infection can be present with an allergy, as well as with immunity deficiency. Knowledge of this differentiation is necessary for providing more effective and longer lasting conservative treatment. Surgical interventions are kept at a minimum and used only for derisation and drainage of sinuses, while preserving the mucosa. Krajina Z Z eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 0 Anti-Bacterial Agents 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists 0 gamma-Globulins IM Adult Aerosols Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage Bacterial Infections diagnosis drug therapy Child Desensitization, Immunologic Diagnosis, Differential Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage Humans Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes diagnosis Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis drug therapy Sinusitis diagnosis surgery therapy gamma-Globulins administration & dosage 1977 9 1 1977 9 1 0 1 1977 9 1 0 0 ppublish 71754 71753 1977 11 25 1977 11 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 3 1977 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Standardization of rhinomanometry. 115-9 Current methods of rhinomanometry used by various workers from around the world were investigated. The data for this communication were based on the studies of 11 scientists who have an accumulation of approximately 81 years of experience with more than 20,000 rhinometric examinations. The results of this survey provide a consensus of methods, procedures, data collection, and presentation which should be considered so that rhinomanometric uniformity may be achieved. It is fully recognized that standardization of rhinomanometry requires further inquiry and evaluation and that this is not the final communication on the subject but merely a current consensus from a limited few working in the field. Kern E B EB eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Nasal Decongestants IM Airway Resistance drug effects Humans Manometry methods Nasal Cavity physiology Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage Pulmonary Ventilation drug effects 1977 9 1 1977 9 1 0 1 1977 9 1 0 0 ppublish 71753 918514 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Comments on Huizing's paper on implantation and transplantation in reconstructive nasal surgery. 53-4 Drumheller G H GH eng Letter

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Rhinoplasty methods 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 918514 918513 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology The true choanal polyp-a case report. 49-52 Whether one could distinguish if a large polyp occupying the nasal pharynx derives from the mucosa of the posterior superior wall of the antrum, ethmoids, or the choanae is a matter not clearly understood. Existing literature is somehow confusing on this subject. One definite fact is that these polyps, whatever the site of their origin, are rare. From the histologic point of view, the general opinion among pathologists is that choanal polyps do not differ histologically from the simple mucous polyps of the nose. The case we are reporting concerns a 65-year-old caucasian male, who for many years had a sensation of fullness behind the nose. Examination revealed a polypoid growth protruding below the margin of the soft palate. Surprisingly roenthenograms were not contributory. This polyp was removed by threading a long soft wire over a regular nasal snare. The free loop of the wire was passed through the anterior nose down to the pharynx where the polyp was threaded into this loop, and by pulling the free end of the wires, the polyp was totally removed without any bleeding whatever. A pathology report is attached as well as a picture of the polyp. Iliades C E CE eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Aged Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Nasal Polyps diagnosis Nasopharyngeal Diseases diagnosis Polyps diagnosis 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 918513 918512 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2006 11 15

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal glands in newborn infants. 39-47 The entire mucosa of the nasal septum from four newborn infants was removed, stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method, and the density of mucous glands was determined in 12 different localities. The interindividual median density was 30.7 glands/mm2 and the median count 13,500 glands. The glands were regularly distributed over the entire respiratory region, but with a significant decrease in density in the posterior half. It has been demonstrated that all glands are laid down before birth, that their density decreases with increasing age until it reaches 8.4 glandss/mm2 at an adult age, and that acute or recurrent acute catarrhal or inflammatory changes of the nose do not lead to the newformation of glands. Mogensen C C Tos M M eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adult Exocrine Glands anatomy & histology growth & development Female Humans Infant, Newborn Male Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology growth & development Nasal Septum analysis Rhinitis physiopathology 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 918512 918511 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2008 11 21

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology A nasal functional test: the opeining of mouth during physical effort. 33-8 Apart from rare exceptions (cf Voydeville's Thesis, Nancy 1951), nasal airflow resistance has so far been estimated irrespective of variations in air intake needs. The object of the test presented here is to offer a quick, simple and objective method for determining the level of muscular effort at which a given subject spontaneously switches from nasal to buccal respiration. A thin flexible tube (1,5 mm across) is stuck at one end on to the subject's lower lip and the other into a carbon dioxyde analyser. The subject is then made to pedal at a speed at least 30 rev./min. on an ergometric bicycle, while a braking force increasing by 20 W ever two minutes is applied. The emission of carbon dioxyde starts being detected, and graphically recorded, only when the subject starts breathing through his mouth. Results obtained so far show that this threshold can vary as widely as from 80 to 180 W among healthy individuals. Further aplications of this test to both healthy subjects and patients with impaired nasal function would contribute towards throwing light on the still obsure notion of "nasal comfort". Perrin C C Lacoste J J Mari R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Airway Resistance Humans Mouth physiology Mouth Breathing Nose physiology Physical Exertion Respiratory Function Tests methods 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 918511 918510 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2007 11 15

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Inspiratory nasal obstruction. 3-16 Inspiratory nasal obstruction or collapsing alae is caused by a sucking in of the candal cartilaginous parts of the nose; this is followed by a partial or complete stoppage of the inspiratory air. The nose usually assumes a pinched appearance together with a widening of the nostrils during the inspiratory phase, in cases where the collapse is confined to the upper laterals. Weakening of the upper laterals can results from development anomalies, or atrophy of the tissue with aging. Fractures of the nasal framework may cause displacement or buckling, with subsequent thickening or scar formation. This will again result in poor function. In other cases both the upper and lower lateral cartilages become involved with a resulting collapse of the lobule, producing a silit-like appearance of the nostrils. Examination of patients with inspiratory nasal obstruction will often reveal poor support of the upper laterals, deformity of the lower nasal cartilage, columella and nasal spine or dislocation of the candal parts of the septal cartilage, all of which cause obstruction to the inspiratory air. Collapsing alae should be treated by nasal reconstruction, with removal of the obstruction and stabilization of the nasal framework. In children, it has been possible to enhance symmetric growth, and at times, increase growth-potentials by re-alignment of the cartilaginous structures of the nose. Stoksted P P Kjellerup P P Denmark O O eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Obstruction diagnosis etiology Cartilage surgery Child Congenital Abnormalities surgery Female Humans Infant, Newborn Male Middle Aged Nose abnormalities anatomy & histology Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Nose Diseases diagnosis etiology Rhinoplasty methods 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 918510 918509 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Rhinomanometry in myocardial infarction. 25-31 In the curves obtained from rhinomanometry a mid-cycle rest (M.C.R.) is sometimes found to occur. The aim of this study was then to analyse the frequency of the M.C.R both in normal subjects and in subjects who had had a myocardial infarction. Rhinomanometry was therefore performed on 3 different groups of people, viz. 1 .32 normal subjects without any respiratory, cardial or any pathological problems. 2. 44 subjects who had had a myocardial infarction. 3. 34 subjects without any cardial problems. Rhinomanometry revealed that 50-60% of the second and third group had a poor nasal respiration. In the first group no M.C.R. was found in any of the subjects. In the second group over 50% of the subjects had a M.C.R. In the third group less than 50% of the subjects had a M.C.R. The x2 test was used to analyse these results as to their statistical significance. The x2 parameter was 3,84 with a significance of 95%, and 6,64 with a significance of 99%. Our result was x2=5,34 which seems to justify further study. Montserrat-Viladiu J M JM eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Acute Disease Adult Aged Female Humans Male Manometry Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction physiopathology Nose physiopathology Pulmonary Ventilation Respiration 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 918509 335483 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Obiturary Manuel R. Wexler. 55 eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q California History, 20th Century Otolaryngology history Wexler M R MR 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 335483 335482 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2007 11 15

0300-0729 15 1 1977 Mar Rhinology Rhinology Nasal polyps treated by beclomethasone nasal aerosol. 17-23 A double-blind cross-over study of the effect of insufflation of beclomethasone dipropionate 400 microgram per day for four weeks showed favourable results, as verified statistically, concerning nasal blockage at the end of the treatment period. Rhinomanometry also showed that the nasal patency was significantly improved during the beclomethasone period. There was also a tendency, though not statistically significant, for nasal secretion to react favourable. The polyps did not disappear during the active treatment period and short-term treatment with beclomethasone aerosol can thus only be used as an adjuvant to other models of therapy, whether medical or surgical, in nasal polyps. No clinical side-effects of any importance were observed during the study. Deuschl H H Drettner B B eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Aerosols 4419-39-0 Beclomethasone IM Administration, Intranasal Adult Aerosols Aged Airway Obstruction diagnosis Beclomethasone administration & dosage therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic Double-Blind Method Evaluation Studies as Topic Humans Manometry Middle Aged Nasal Polyps drug therapy 1977 3 1 1977 3 1 0 1 1977 3 1 0 0 ppublish 335482 918518 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 2 1977 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Pathogenesis of nasal polyps. 87-95 On the basis of studies on the glands of the nasal mucosa and polyps as well as the structure of the latter, some previous pathogenetic theories are analysed. The authors advance their own theory of polyp formation: Infiltration and oedema in the nasal mucosa result in rupture of the epithelium and formation of granulations which gradually become lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. During growth of the polyp there occurs formation of mucous glands which owing to growth of the polyps become long and stretched. Tos M M Mogensen C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Child Edema complications Epithelium Exocrine Glands growth & development Granulation Tissue Humans Mucus Nasal Mucosa Nasal Polyps etiology physiopathology Nose Diseases complications Rupture, Spontaneous 1977 6 1 1977 6 1 0 1 1977 6 1 0 0 ppublish 918518 918517 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2005 11 17

0300-0729 15 2 1977 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Eustachian tube permeability during the nasal provocation test. 81-5 The results of manometric study on the permeability of the Eustachian tube after a crisis has been produced by exposing 26 cases of perennial nasal atopy to the threshold-dose of the responsible allergen are reported. In 73% of the cases a reduction of the permeability (16 cases) or a stenosis (4 cases) of the ipsilateral tube were found. The importance of inquiring and specifically treating a nasal allergy in patients suffering from secretory otitis is underlined. Crifò S S Cittadini S S De Seta E E Andriani G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Allergens administration & dosage Child Constriction, Pathologic immunology Eustachian Tube immunology Humans Male Otitis Media immunology Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal complications 1977 6 1 1977 6 1 0 1 1977 6 1 0 0 ppublish 918517 918516 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2007 11 15

0300-0729 15 2 1977 Jun Rhinology Rhinology A clinical evaluation of the Cottle rhinomanometry "flow" nozzle. 73-9 A clinical study was undertaken to establish what changes in values were caused by the nozzle used in the Cottle flow-pressure technique of rhinomanometry. Cottle rhino-sphygmo-manometry was performed over seven hundred times, half with the nozzle and half without and the results analyzed using pattern, rate, amplitude, work co-efficient and four breath factor as outlined by Cottle. In many instances marked changes did occur but were unpredictable by examination prior to testing. It is suggested that Cottle rhino-sphygmo-manometry be carried out routinely with and without this nozzle in order to better evaluate results of flow-pressure relationship in which this nozzle is used. Tucker C A CA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Evaluation Studies as Topic Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity physiology Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation Respiratory Function Tests instrumentation methods 1977 6 1 1977 6 1 0 1 1977 6 1 0 0 ppublish 918516 918515 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2010 11 18

0300-0729 15 2 1977 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Testings of the ostial patency and penetrance. 67-72 In the present study, consisting of 118 cases of maxillary sinusitis with retention of secretion, ostial patency and penetrance were examined three times during each examination, natively, postsuctionally and postirrigationally, by using consecutive measuring technique. Results indicate that, when both ostial respiratory patency and sniff/blow penetrance were tested in these afore-mentioned three phases at each examination that the information gained about ostial patency and penetrance is most representative when the most normal of these results, i.e. the optimal result, is taken as the finding. This is particularly important when testing the ostial penetrance. Observed inconsistencies between the results of the patency and penetrance tests are apparently due to the different pressures used in testing ostial patency and penetrance. Rantanen T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Evaluation Studies as Topic Humans Maxillary Sinus physiopathology Methods Nasal Cavity physiopathology Pressure Punctures Sinusitis diagnosis physiopathology Suction Therapeutic Irrigation 1977 6 1 1977 6 1 0 1 1977 6 1 0 0 ppublish 918515 411165 1977 12 29 1977 12 29 2007 11 15

0300-0729 15 2 1977 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Report on a trial of SCG 2% nasal solution (metered dose) in hayfever. 97-102 An analysis has been performed on the results from 18 patients treated with SCG and 14 patients treated with placebo in a double-blind placebo-controlled group comparative trial of SCG 2% nasal solution (metered dose) in hayfever. The two treatment groups were found to be similar with respect to relevant characteristics and pre-trial symptomatology. Analysis of clinician's symptom scorings demonstrated statistically significant differences in favour of SCG for the symptoms Sneezing, Running and Itching. No significant differences between the treatments were found in the statistical analysis of patient diary card total scores. Five assessments of overall response made at the end of treatment gave results highly significantly in favour of SCG. van der Bijl W J WJ eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Child Clinical Trials as Topic Cromolyn Sodium administration & dosage therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Evaluation Studies as Topic Female Humans Male Middle Aged Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1977 6 1 1977 6 1 0 1 1977 6 1 0 0 ppublish 411165 601440 1978 03 21 1978 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 4 1977 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Septal plasty in children: influence on nasal growth. 193-204 The results of a septoplasty because of a nasal obstruction were studied in 261 children, their ages ranging from 4 to 14. No arrest of nasal growth after the septoplasty and osteotomies was recorded. Histological examination revealed a cartilaginous regeneration at the borders of the resected septal cartilage in 15 cases in which a second rhinoplasty was necessary because of a new nasal obstruction. Often the cartilaginous growth was undirected and excessive leading to a new septal deviation. In 80 per cent of our cases good functional long-term results were obtained by one rhinoplasty only which was performed according to the techniques of Cottle and Masing. Pirsig W W eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Age Factors Airway Obstruction surgery Cartilage physiopathology Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Nasal Septum pathology physiopathology surgery Nose growth & development Nose Deformities, Acquired pathology physiopathology surgery Recurrence Regeneration Rhinoplasty adverse effects 1977 12 1 1977 12 1 0 1 1977 12 1 0 0 ppublish 601440 601439 1978 03 21 1978 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 4 1977 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Aerodynamic studies on the effect of nasal septal plasty. 173-82 Togawa K K Konno A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Airway Resistance Humans Methods Mouth Breathing physiopathology Nasal Septum physiopathology surgery Nose Diseases diagnosis physiopathology surgery Pulmonary Ventilation Respiration Respiratory Function Tests Rhinoplasty 1977 12 1 1977 12 1 0 1 1977 12 1 0 0 ppublish 601439 601438 1978 03 21 1978 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 4 1977 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Functional aspects in septal plasty. 167-72 Some remarks are made about the statical and dynamical function of the septum. Septum corrections should be carried out according to the complaints and to the clinical findings in the nose. Septum surgery can never be a routine procedure like the classical submucous resection. The pathological symptoms are outlined related to deformities in different septal areas. Masing H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Female Humans Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Nasal Septum abnormalities physiopathology surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired etiology surgery Nose Diseases physiopathology Postoperative Complications surgery Respiration Rhinoplasty 1977 12 1 1977 12 1 0 1 1977 12 1 0 0 ppublish 601438 414345 1978 03 21 1978 03 21 2010 11 18

0300-0729 15 4 1977 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The formation of nasal septum deviation in human evolution. 159-65 The purpose of this research is to determine when in the process of human evolution nasal septal deviation first occurred. There is a higher incidence of nasal septal deviations in man, while the septum of anthropoid ape is vertical and has not been found to have nasal septal deviations. It is said that our ancestors evolved respectively from ape like primates through Australapithecus, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal man and finally Modern man. I concluded from my observations that the nasal septal deviations in man first occurred at the Neanderthal stage. Takahashi R R eng Comparative Study Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q Animals Biological Evolution Dogs Facial Bones anatomy & histology Haplorhini History, Ancient Humans Nasal Septum abnormalities anatomy & histology Primates Skull anatomy & histology 1977 12 1 1977 12 1 0 1 1977 12 1 0 0 ppublish 414345 341270 1978 03 21 1978 03 21 2004 11 17

0300-0729 15 4 1977 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Prevention and treatment of septal deformity in infancy and childhood. 183-91 There are two basic types of septal deformity, namely anterior nasal deformity and combined septal deformity, which may occur independently or both together. They are considered to be acquired from different types of pressures on the foetus during pregnancy or parturition. The incidence of anterior nasal deformity was found to be 4% in cases of spontaneous vaginal delivery, but 13% in cases of increased pressure as persistent occipitoposterior. The combined septal deformity is part of a facial deformity, and is best tested by using simple nasal testing struts. The incidence of straight septa varied with the degree of pressure with an average of 42%. In adult surveys a little over 20% are straight. Methods of manipulation are described using special infant forceps. Indications for manipulation are: Stuffy nose, feeding problems and sticky eyes. The procedure and results of rapid maxillary expansion are presented. Gray L P LP eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Age Factors Birth Injuries complications therapy Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Maxilla abnormalities Maxillofacial Injuries therapy Nasal Bone injuries Nasal Septum injuries Nose Deformities, Acquired etiology prevention & control therapy Palatal Expansion Technique Pregnancy 1977 12 1 1977 12 1 0 1 1977 12 1 0 0 ppublish 341270 973091 1976 12 03 1976 12 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 3 1976 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Results of clinical olfactometric studies. 99-108 A modification of a flow olfactometer with a new application appartus, with which "quasi-free" nasal respiration allows the elimination of adaptation without a special testing room, subsequent results using this device to examine olfactory thresholds before and after septum operations, as well as reference to threshold increases in 57 post-operative cases of cheilognathopalatoschisis are reported. An esthesio-neuroblastoma as well as the deformity syndrome with cheilognathopalatoschisis and encephalodystrophy are used as examples for combined olfactory transmission and perception disorders. Studies of 55 smokers with primary neurosensory disorders demonstrated a threefold increase in the olfactory threshold and an up to 50% decrease "fatique-time". A mean acetone deviation factor of 1.93 was seen in 100 students from 20-27 years of age before and after eating. Correspondingly, after a substantial breakfast and lunch, the olfactory threshold attained its maximum daily value within 90 minutes, much more pronounced than after intake of 80 grams of glucose solution. In contrast to the literature, the olfactory threshold was seen to continuously increase, dependent on age. Studies of the perceptive and recognition threshold on 100 normal individuals and 28 patients with hyposmia exhibited with 3 sigma, a significant difference. In patients with hyposmia, the absolute values for the two threshold types vary greatly, however not their deviation factors. More importance should be attached to the sense of smell as the so-called lesser senses give us the greatest pleasures. Kittel G G eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Age Factors Child Cleft Palate physiopathology Cognition Eating Female Humans Male Nose Deformities, Acquired Smell Smoking physiology Time Factors 1976 9 1 1976 9 1 0 1 1976 9 1 0 0 ppublish 973091 973090 1976 12 03 1976 12 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 3 1976 Sep Rhinology Rhinology The correlation between permanent septal deformities and nasal trauma during birth. 141-6 Both the outer and inner nose as well as the position of the parietal bones of 972 patients at an age of 3 to 82, were examined giving evidence of the configuration of the infant's head at birth and thereby of the "severity" of the birth. In comparison with the sectio-patients the configuration of the infant's head in the birth canal reveals statistically recorded deformations of the outer and inner nose with an obstruction of the nasal breathing in 20% of the patients examined. The degree of the configuration has a definite influence on the degree of the nose deformation. The adjustment of the rotary direction of the infant's head in the 1st and 2nd vertex presentation determines the direction of the nose deformation. The demand of many authors for an immediate rhinological examination and corrections in the newborn child, for instance on the septum, to be performed still in the obstetrical department, must due to our own examinations be advocated. Quante M M Franzen G G Strauss P P eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Aged Birth Injuries etiology Cesarean Section Child Child, Preschool Delivery, Obstetric adverse effects Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Septum abnormalities Nose injuries Parietal Bone injuries 1976 9 1 1976 9 1 0 1 1976 9 1 0 0 ppublish 973090 973089 1976 12 03 1976 12 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 3 1976 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Operative treatment of rhinopathia vasomotoria. 133-9 Kressner A A Kornmesser H J HJ eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Septum surgery Neurons surgery Rhinitis pathology surgery Turbinates innervation pathology surgery Vasomotor System 1976 9 1 1976 9 1 0 1 1976 9 1 0 0 ppublish 973089 973088 1976 12 03 1976 12 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 3 1976 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Endoscopic and histopathological observations of chronic maxillary sinusitis. 129-32 111 patients are studied in order to find possible relations between the endoscopic images and histopathological findings in the chronic maxillary sinusitis. The clasification of the different types of sinusitis is based on the aspect of the mucosa (normoplastic, hypoplastic, polypous, polypoido-polypous) and on the histological features (lymphoplasmocytic, eosinophilic, eosino-lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, low cellularity). The confrontation of the sinusoscopic and histopathological observations give interesting information, such as differenciation between stabilized and evolutive sinusitis, simple and complicated inflammation. This information facilitates our therapeutic choice. Terrier G G Baumann R P RP Pidoux J M JM Chaux-de-Fonds L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Chronic Disease Endoscopy Humans Hyperplasia pathology Maxillary Sinus anatomy & histology pathology Mucous Membrane anatomy & histology Sinusitis pathology 1976 9 1 1976 9 1 0 1 1976 9 1 0 0 ppublish 973088 973087 1976 12 03 1976 12 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 14 3 1976 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Disordered gas exchange in the blood caused by nasal tamponade. 121-7 The authors have examined the pH, the pCO2, the pO2, and the oxygen saturation of the blood of patients upon whom endonasal surgery followed by tamponing of the nose had been performed. The gas values were examined on the second postoperative day and two days after the tampons had been removed. It was found that the blood pH remained within normal limits, whereas during the acute obstruction the pO2 values were diminished, the pCO2 values were increased, and the oxygen saturation of the blood was noticeably diminished. The authors recommend carefulness if the noses of patients with cardiorespiratory insufficiency are to be tamponed. Cvetnic V V Cvetnic S S Rocic B B eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 124-38-9 Carbon Dioxide 7782-44-7 Oxygen IM Adult Carbon Dioxide blood Female Functional Residual Capacity Humans Male Nose Oxygen blood Partial Pressure Tampons, Surgical adverse effects Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio 1976 9 1 1976 9 1 0 1 1976 9 1 0 0 ppublish 973087 973086 1976 12 03 1976 12 03 2006 11 15

0300-0729 14 3 1976 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Experience with the new pneumatic nasal tampon in cases of critical nasal bleeding. 117-20 A pneumatic nasal tube is recommended to control serious bleeding in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. This is easily administered and tightly seals the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The tube allows reduced nasal respiration with sufficient sealing. It is available in three sizes and has been proven useful by the authors. Steiner W W Masing H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Epistaxis therapy Humans Intubation instrumentation Nasopharynx Nose Tampons, Surgical 1976 9 1 1976 9 1 0 1 1976 9 1 0 0 ppublish 973086 973085 1976 12 03 1976 12 03 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 3 1976 Sep Rhinology Rhinology Typical results of computer-olfactometry. 109-16 After pulsed peripheral olfactory impulses it is possible, under suitable testing conditions, for specific sensory potentials to be read from the surface of the skull and, after repetitions, added up (olfactorially evoked cortical potentials). Typically, there developes a so-called twin-potential containing the equivalents of the electrical activites of the nervus trigeminus and the nervus olfactorius in two peaks of the cortex equivalents. In an objective manner, in other words without intentional or vegetative influence by the test person, it is possible by the weakening or lack of one or the other or both part-potentials to obtain information about the functioning of the olfactory sense. Typical examples will be presented. Herberhold C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Computers, Analog Craniocerebral Trauma physiopathology Evoked Potentials Humans Olfaction Disorders genetics Olfactory Nerve physiology Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms physiopathology Schizophrenia physiopathology Smell Trigeminal Nerve physiology 1976 9 1 1976 9 1 0 1 1976 9 1 0 0 ppublish 973085 940974 1976 09 25 1976 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 2 1976 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgery of the lateral nasal wall in atrophic rhinitis and ozena. 79-81 Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Methods Nasal Septum surgery Rhinitis, Atrophic surgery 1976 6 1 1976 6 1 0 1 1976 6 1 0 0 ppublish 940974 940973 1976 09 25 1976 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 2 1976 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgery on the lateral nasal wall with the operation microscope. 73-7 Experiences with operations on the lateral nasal wall and the ethmoid with the operating microscope are reported. 18 suitable cases were operated on according to this technique. For the optimal distance optics with a focal distance of 250 mm are most suitable. Prerequisites for the operations are a self-supporting speculum and special instruments developed for this purpose. Masing H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Ethmoid Sinus surgery Humans Microsurgery methods Nasal Polyps surgery Nasal Septum surgery 1976 6 1 1976 6 1 0 1 1976 6 1 0 0 ppublish 940973 940972 1976 09 25 1976 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 2 1976 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Surgery of the turbinate bones and the piriform crest. 65-71 Legler U U eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Methods Nasal Septum surgery Turbinates surgery 1976 6 1 1976 6 1 0 1 1976 6 1 0 0 ppublish 940972 940971 1976 09 25 1976 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 2 1976 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Function and surgery of the ostia of the paranasal sinuses. 61-3 Kortekangas A E AE eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Frontal Sinus surgery Humans Maxillary Sinus surgery Methods Paranasal Sinuses physiology surgery 1976 6 1 1976 6 1 0 1 1976 6 1 0 0 ppublish 940971 781781 1976 09 25 1976 09 25 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 2 1976 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Reconstruction of the ala nasi and the lateral wall of the nose. 83-90 With reference to the functional importance of the vestibular region, it is recommended that only such operative methods should be practiced for the reconstruction of the ala nasi as take into account the aerodynamics of the vestibular region. The reconstruction of the cartilaginous infrastructure should therefore be an integrading component of the ala replacement. Various possibilities for the fulfilling of these requirements are pointed out and a pedicled septal mucosa-skin-cartilage flap described by the author which, in conjunction with a frontal skin flap permits the repair of the ala nasi in a shorter time is described in more detail. For the treatment of defects of the lateral nasal wall, in addition to the insular flap operation from the nasolabial region and the forehead, the medial frontal flap technique as described by Kazanjian is particularly recommended. This method is also suitable very particularly for closure of perforating defects in conjunction with the split skin graft. Haas E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Septum surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Skin Transplantation Surgery, Plastic methods Transplantation, Autologous methods 1976 6 1 1976 6 1 0 1 1976 6 1 0 0 ppublish 781781 1273418 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology The present status of rhinomanometry. 5-9 Rhinomanometry is today a routine method that may be used in private specialist practice, if X-Y recording is used. The results become clinical statements only when directly compared with mirror findings, i.e. by functional analysis of structure or when physiological variance is taken into account by reagibility tests. In those cases this elegant technique becomes indeed indispensable. Bachmann W W Mannheim eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Manometry methods Nose physiology Respiratory Function Tests 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273418 1273417 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology Electromanometric function test of the nasofrontal duct. 45-53 An electromanometric methods for the quantitative measurement of the ventilation of the frontal sinus is described which also measures the resistance of the nasofrontal duct to an experimentally produced hydrodynamic current. The biophysical basis as well as typical results of the examination are demonstrated and the field of clinical application in the differential diagnosis of frontal sinus affections is outlined. Zippel R R Vogt K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Frontal Sinus physiology Humans Manometry methods Nasal Cavity physiology 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273417 1273416 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology Measurements of the ostial size and oxygen tension in the maxillary sinus. 43-4 Aust R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 7782-44-7 Oxygen IM Female Humans Male Maxillary Sinus anatomy & histology physiology Oxygen analysis Partial Pressure 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273416 1273415 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology Patency and resistance tests of the maxillary ostium. 41-2 Kortekangas A E AE eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Maxillary Sinus physiology Nasal Cavity physiology Pressure 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273415 1273414 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2005 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology The diagnostic value of intranasal tests in allergic rhinopathy. 37-9 The method of the intranasal test, used by us, is described. It consists in a direct application of the allergen, which is presumed after a pilot-skin-test. The resulting reaction is documented by rhinomanometry. The special technical aspects of the test and the sources of error are emphasized. Münzel M M Behbehani A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Cavity Nasal Mucosa pathology Nose Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis pathology 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273414 1273413 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology Nasal cytology as a nasal test. 29-35 For years the presence of eosinophils has been considered a reliable diagnostic sign in the detection of nasal allergy, but little attention has been paid to the occurrence of other cellular elements. A complete study of hematogenic and epithelial cellular elements gives valuable information about the character of the rhinitis; i.e. is it caused by allergy or infection, or by both? The vitality of the mucosa, i.e. hyperfunction and atrophy, can also be assessed. Holopainen E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cytodiagnosis Diagnosis, Differential Eosinophils Epithelial Cells Humans Nasal Mucosa pathology Rhinitis diagnosis pathology 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273413 1273412 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology The enzymology of nasal secretion. 19-27 Normal human nasal fluid contains several enzymes of the intermediary metabolism as well as a specific protease inhibitor, which inhibits trypsinm chymotrypsin and leucocytic proteases. During the course of acute and chronic nasal and paransal sinus infections the inhibitor level varies. The inhibitor level is an indicator of poor healing. It is possible too, to differentiate viral rhinitis from bacterial or allergic or atrophic rhinitis by a signigicant increase of the activities of the enzymes GOT, LDH and CPK. Schorn K K Hochstrasser K K eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Mucosa enzymology Rhinitis enzymology 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273412 1273411 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 1 1976 Feb Rhinology Rhinology Nasal mucociliary function in normal man. 11-7 Proctor D F DF Andersen I I eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Cilia physiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Mucosa physiology Radionuclide Imaging 1976 2 1 1976 2 1 0 1 1976 2 1 0 0 ppublish 1273411 1006072 1977 02 24 1977 02 24 2006 11 15

0300-0729 14 4 1976 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal challenge. 181-8 Seven years' experience of nasal challenge is presented. On the basis of a material of 1492 controlled provocation tests performed on 715 patients, practical problems concerning the performance period of the provocation, application methods, allergen preparations, interpretation of the results as well as the relevance and correlation of different investigation methods of allergic rhinitis are discussed. Holopainen E E Tarkiainen E E Malmberg H H eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Allergens IM Allergens diagnostic use Humans Methods Nasal Mucosa Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis Skin Tests 1976 12 1 1976 12 1 0 1 1976 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1006072 1006071 1977 02 24 1977 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 4 1976 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Measurement of the nasopharynx-maxillary sinus pressure difference as function test of the ostium of the maxillary sinus. 173-6 Rantanen T T eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Manometry methods Maxillary Sinus physiology Nasopharynx physiology Pressure Respiration Respiratory Function Tests 1976 12 1 1976 12 1 0 1 1976 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1006071 1006070 1977 02 24 1977 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 4 1976 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Nasal ventilation measured in forced respiratory flow. 167-71 First results of measurements of a forced respiratory flow for the evaluation of nasal ventilation performance are provided. The obtained data indicate that the chronometric registration of the flow-volume-curve provides a clearer indication as to the dynamism of nasal respiration than the measurement of statistical nasal resistance or, in other words, the respiration flow with a specific resistance. Herberhold C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Forced Expiratory Flow Rates Humans Methods Nose physiology Pulmonary Ventilation Respiratory Function Tests instrumentation 1976 12 1 1976 12 1 0 1 1976 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1006070 1006069 1977 02 24 1977 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 4 1976 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Corticosteroid therapy in rhinoplasty. 163-6 3 years experience in corticoid treatment of more than 796 cases of rhinoplasty is reported. A remarkable reduction of oedema after surgery was observed. The application of 40 mg Corticoid crystalline suspension on each side of the nose following surgical procedure is recommended. Kittel H H Masing H H eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Suspensions 83-43-2 Methylprednisolone IM Edema prevention & control Humans Injections Methylprednisolone administration & dosage therapeutic use Postoperative Complications prevention & control Rhinoplasty Suspensions 1976 12 1 1976 12 1 0 1 1976 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1006069 794982 1977 02 24 1977 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 4 1976 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Septal reconstruction in the deficient nose. 189-92 Drumheller G H GH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bone Transplantation Humans Mastoid surgery Nasal Septum surgery Rhinoplasty methods Transplantation, Autologous 1976 12 1 1976 12 1 0 1 1976 12 1 0 0 ppublish 794982 794981 1977 02 24 1977 02 24 2004 11 17

0300-0729 14 4 1976 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Mucous elements in the nose. 155-62 A review of studies of the nasal mucous elements by whole-mount methods. Goblet cell development is described till the 30th week of gestation, by which density is still very small. Density must increase towards and after birth. Some problems concerning intraepithelial, anterior nasal as well as Bowman's glands are discussed. The development of the small sero-mucous glands is described and their distribution and density discussed. Tos M M eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Histological Techniques Humans Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology cytology embryology 1976 12 1 1976 12 1 0 1 1976 12 1 0 0 ppublish 794981 12551 1977 02 24 1977 02 24 2005 11 17

0300-0729 14 4 1976 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Vasomotor rhinitis: psychosomatic conditions and treatment. 177-80 The importance of the autonomic nervous system in vasomotor conditions of the nose was outlined. The symptoms, findings and differential diagnosis of the vasomator rhinitis were reviewed. Reference is made to the applied treatment and results obtained with different antistaminics in 2150 patients. Coyas A A Stavrou J J Antonakopoulos C C eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Histamine H1 Antagonists IM Autonomic Nervous System physiopathology Child Child, Preschool Histamine H1 Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use Humans Psychophysiologic Disorders complications Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy etiology physiopathology 1976 12 1 1976 12 1 0 1 1976 12 1 0 0 ppublish 12551 1224139 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2003 11 14

0300-0729 13 3 1975 Nov Rhinology Rhinology Parasympathetic control of blood circulation and secretion in the nasal mucosa. 147-53 The effects of selective parasympathetic nerve activation on the secretory response and the vascular exchange and capacitance sections in the cat nasal mucosa were studied. The vascular events were investigated by measuring the local disappearnce of 125I- and changes in gross pulse rate from 131I- labelled serum albumin as monitored over the nose. A frequency-dependent increase in nasal secretion and local blood content occurred in the range 0.5-12 imp/sec: an increase in disappearance rate was observed at the same time. This indicates that the vascular and secretory responses are activated simultaneously. The secretory responses, but not the vascular events, were shown to be blocked by atropine. The results thus shown that the postganglionic parasympathetic mediator of nasal secretion is cholinergic, whereas the vasodilatation appears to be due to a different mechanism, which is not sensitieve to atropine. The beneficial effect of some antihistamines in vasomotor rhinitis may thus be due to their anticholinergic properties. Anggård A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Iodine Radioisotopes IM Animals Cats Iodine Radioisotopes Nasal Mucosa blood supply innervation secretion Parasympathetic Nervous System physiology Radionuclide Imaging Regional Blood Flow Sympathetic Nervous System physiology 1975 11 1 1975 11 1 0 1 1975 11 1 0 0 ppublish 1224139 1224138 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 3 1975 Nov Rhinology Rhinology The importance of the anaerobic bacteria in paranasal sinusitis. 141-5 The anaerobic examination of the material, obtained by 100 antral punctures, in 66 patients with paranasal sinusitis, showed the importance of the anaerobic bacteria. In 33% we found anaerobes: 12% of the cultures were pure anaerobic, 21% were mixed aerobic-anaerobic. The most frequent anaerobe is the Peptostreptococcus. Anaerobic cultures are more frequently found in the unilateral cases of paranasal sinusitis. The presence of anaerobes does not seem to be dependent on the patient's age, the duration of the sinusitis and the previous administration of antibiotics during the last 3 days. In 76% the anaerobes disappeared after the initial antral puncture and washing. van Cauwenberge P P Kluyskens P P van Renterghem L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Bacteria isolation & purification Female Humans Male Peptostreptococcus isolation & purification Sinusitis microbiology 1975 11 1 1975 11 1 0 1 1975 11 1 0 0 ppublish 1224138 1224137 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2005 11 17

0300-0729 13 3 1975 Nov Rhinology Rhinology Rhino-rheo-manometric (R.R.M.) nasal provocation test. 135-9 The nasal provocation test--which has been considered till now too much time-consuming and troublesome for the patient--becomes rapid and simple by the use of the rhino-rheo-manometry. It is possible, by this method, to evaluate the conductance of a single nasal fossa and its reduction after allergen challenge. The results of test performed in patients suffering from extrinsic perennial nasal atopy by Dermatophagoides pt. have proved that the test becomes rapid and not troublesome by using the rhino-rheo-manometry. This method, giving a provocation threshold, may be used both in diagnosis and control of specific immunotherapy. Crifò S S Filiaci F F Cittadini S S De Seta E E eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antigens, Fungal IM Antigen-Antibody Reactions Antigens, Fungal Humans Manometry Nasal Mucosa physiopathology Pulmonary Ventilation Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal diagnosis 1975 11 1 1975 11 1 0 1 1975 11 1 0 0 ppublish 1224137 1224136 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2008 11 21

0300-0729 13 3 1975 Nov Rhinology Rhinology The frequency of epistaxis in a male population sample. 129-33 In a population sample consisting of 507 males aged between 50 and 60 years and 120 thirty-year-old sons of these males the frequency of epistaxis and predisposing factors of epistaxis were studied. Only one-third of the subjects had never had epistaxis. One out of ten subjects had been treated for epistaxis by a doctor at least once in his life. About 3 per cent had had nose-bleeds during the previous week. Statistically it was shown that a history of upper respiratory infection and intake of acetylsalicylic acid separately might predispose to expistaxis. Petruson B B Rudin R R eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 50-78-2 Aspirin IM Adult Age Factors Aspirin adverse effects Common Cold complications Epistaxis complications epidemiology etiology Humans Male Middle Aged Stress, Physiological complications Sweden 1975 11 1 1975 11 1 0 1 1975 11 1 0 0 ppublish 1224136 1224135 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 3 1975 Nov Rhinology Rhinology Histology of the mucous membranes of the lateral nasal wall. 121-7 The preliminary results of investigating the lateral nasal wall are presented. In this study only three strips of mucosa are analysed from histological point of view using serial sections. One strip corresponded to the plane of lateral osteotomy, the second crossed the middle of turbinates and the third corresponded to the vestibular area. The accurate number and distribution of vascular and glandular elements were determined by help of Visopan and micro-photographs. Krajina Z Z Krmpotić J J Vecerina S S Krajina M M Zirdum A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Nasal Mucosa anatomy & histology blood supply Turbinates anatomy & histology 1975 11 1 1975 11 1 0 1 1975 11 1 0 0 ppublish 1224135 1224134 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2008 11 21

0300-0729 13 3 1975 Nov Rhinology Rhinology The mucociliary activity of the upper respiratory tract. 113-20 A clinical in vivo - in vitro method for functional mucociliary studies via surface-light reflections is described as well as a method for intracellular recording of electrical activities in ciliated cells. Two types of surface-light reflections can be recognized - one from the secretion layer and one from the tops of lashing cilia. Internal and external cell activities als well as muco-rheological factors can be compared under the control of environmental influences such as air temperature, humidity and gas mixtures. The method can also be used for different clinical purposes. Toremalm N G NG Mercke U U Reimer A A eng In Vitro Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Animals Cilia physiology Electrophysiology Humans Humidity Nasal Mucosa physiology Optics and Photonics Rabbits Rheology Temperature Trachea physiology 1975 11 1 1975 11 1 0 1 1975 11 1 0 0 ppublish 1224134 772783 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 3 1975 Nov Rhinology Rhinology Obituary. Prof. dr. Branimir Gusic. 1901-1975. 159-60 Krajina Z Z eng Biography Historical Article Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Q History, 20th Century Humans Male Otolaryngology history Yugoslavia Gusic B B 1975 11 1 1975 11 1 0 1 1975 11 1 0 0 ppublish 772783 1224127 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 1 1975 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Prosthetic treatment in cases of collapsing alae. 7-10 Nielsen A A eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Acrylic Resins IM Acrylic Resins Humans Nose surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Prostheses and Implants Pulmonary Ventilation 1975 6 1 1975 6 1 0 1 1975 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1224127 1224126 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2005 11 17

0300-0729 13 1 1975 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Selective carotid angiography in patients with intractable epistaxis. 47-50 Ericsson J S JS Västeras Lindell D D eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adult Angiography Carotid Artery, Internal radiography Epistaxis complications radiography surgery therapy Ethmoid Bone blood supply Fractures, Bone complications Humans Male Nose injuries 1975 6 1 1975 6 1 0 1 1975 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1224126 1224125 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 1 1975 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The influence of trauma on the growing septal cartilage. 39-46 In 34 children biopsies of the nasal septum which had formerly been traumatized by force or surgery, are histologically examined. The long-term reactions of the injured septal cartilage can be described by loss, incomplete and complete regeneration of cartilage. In most cases the regeneratioen of the cartilage is undirected, thus causing deformation of the nasal septum. Pirsig W W Lehmann I I eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Biopsy Cartilage pathology physiology Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Nasal Septum growth & development injuries pathology Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Regeneration Rhinoplasty Wound Healing 1975 6 1 1975 6 1 0 1 1975 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1224125 1224124 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 1 1975 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Closure of a septal perforation by means of an obturator. 33-7 The surgical closure of a naso-septal perforation is accompanied by many problems which can interfere with the good result. The authors describe a technique by which a naso-septal perforation can be closed by placing an obturator without performing any surgery. van Dishoeck E A EA Lashley F O FO eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Septum surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Prostheses and Implants Rhinoplasty 1975 6 1 1975 6 1 0 1 1975 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1224124 1224123 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 1 1975 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Long term evaluation of "push down" procedures. 25-32 The "push-down" technique for hump removal, or hump elimination, is just one maneuver of a number of surgical steps to obtain a more functionable and esthetic appearing nose. The maxilla-premaxilla Cottle approach to extensive nasal septum surgery is used, using techniques of his to modify the nasal dorsum. The "push-down" procedure usually eliminates the bony hump. The cartilaginous hump, (the upper lateral cartilage area) remains intact, and produces little trauma to the subcutaneous tissue, the mucous membranes, the periosteum, the perichondrium, and preserves the nerves and blood supply of the area. The amount of "push-down" that can be done depends on the nasal septum, which is the key to the surgical procedure. One must know how to handle part or all of the septum; its reconstruction with the patient's own bone and cartilage, so that saddling and deformity of the external pyramid and lobule may not occur later. In the repair of the roof, all anatomic relationships should be restored. The upper lateral area should be spared, however, if modified, very conservatively done and with little or no shortening. If there is partial removal of the hump, there should also be reparation of the nasal dorsum with crushed septal cartilage. Further "push-down" depends upon the width of the nose, the location and number of lateral osteotomies and intra-septal osteotomies, incomplete or complete separation of the upper lateral cartilage, done chiefly through the intra-septum space; thus, the nose becomes narrower, smaller, and the roof remains an unimpaired insulating organ playing its important physiological role. Secondary nasal revisions were minor in nature and were usually performed as outpatient procedures. The hump removal concept of total excision should be changed to "push-down" elimination of the nasal bones with total preservation of the dorsum. Barelli P A PA eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Nasal Cavity anatomy & histology Nasal Septum surgery Nose anatomy & histology Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Osteotomy Rhinoplasty adverse effects methods 1975 6 1 1975 6 1 0 1 1975 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1224123 1224122 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2006 11 15

0300-0729 13 1 1975 Jun Rhinology Rhinology Vidian neurectomy. 11-23 The author presents his experience with vidian neurectomy. 30 cases have been operated; 18 had bilateral nasal-sinus polyposis and 12 vasomotor rhinitis. The results are presented. The patients with bilateral nasal-sinus-polyposis were operated by bilateral polypectomy cleaning the sinuses according to the Ermiro de Lima technique and unilateral vidian neurectomy was simultaneously performed. On this side the results obtained were excellent in comparation with the other one. The surgical technique is explained and some pathogenetic considerations are discussed. Montserrat J M JM eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Denervation Humans Nasal Cavity innervation Nasal Mucosa innervation Nasal Polyps surgery Nose innervation Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms surgery Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal surgery 1975 6 1 1975 6 1 0 1 1975 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1224122 1224121 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 1 1975 Jun Rhinology Rhinology The effect of air currents on the naso-respiratory mucosa. 1-5 The direction of air currents through the nose have been studied by many investigators. However, in injury of the nose followed by deformities, a marked change in the nasal configuration occurs. Many patients will present localized areas of crusting and attention is not drawn to this condition until the patient is seen with an epistaxis. In this study, we are interested in the character of the mucosa and their changes as affected by long-term injury from the trauma of the inspiratory and expiratory air currents, which, on sniffling or snorting, may reach hurricane speeds. In the study of the naso-respiratory mucosa from these areas by electron-microspy, it was found metaplastic respiratory epithelium where the cells have undergone mucinous transformation and areas exposed to air jets how metaplastic changes followed by erosion. We wish to thank Nikolajs Cauna, M.D. for his assistance and making available the micrographs used in this paper. Hinderer K H KH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Capillaries pathology Humans Nasal Cavity injuries Nasal Mucosa blood supply pathology ultrastructure Nose Deformities, Acquired pathology Pulmonary Ventilation 1975 6 1 1975 6 1 0 1 1975 6 1 0 0 ppublish 1224121 1226480 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 4 1975 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Push-down of the external nasal pyramid by resection of wedges. 185-90 A technique of wedge resection is used for reduction of an extreme projection of the bony nasal pyramid. In these cases the push-down technique is inadequate, and resection of the dorsum is considered too destructive. The method consists of the resection under direct vision of a bony triangle at the base of the bony pyramid. To this end, a subperiosteal tunnel about 7-8 mm wide is created on the lateral and medial surface of the nasal bones via vestibular incisions. Huizing E H EH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Humans Male Rhinoplasty methods 1975 12 1 1975 12 1 0 1 1975 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1226480 1226479 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2005 11 17

0300-0729 13 4 1975 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Controlled specific immunotherapy of the nasal atopy. 179-83 61 extrinsic nasal atopic patients (26 Grass-positive, 35 D.pt.-positive) underwent a longitudinal study of some clinical-diagnostic parameters in order to establish their usefulness for a specific controlled therapy. The symptoms diary drawn up by the patient himself together with the research of the threshold and nasal responsiveness by the RRM provocation test and the evaluation on the same patient of the endo-point of the blocking antibodies result, at present time, the most suitable means to carry out in a satisfactory way a controlled specific therapy. Crifó S S eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antibodies 0 Immunoglobulin A 0 Immunoglobulin G 0 Immunoglobulin M 37341-29-0 Immunoglobulin E IM Antibodies Binding, Competitive Humans Immunoglobulin A analysis Immunoglobulin E analysis Immunoglobulin G analysis Immunoglobulin M analysis Immunotherapy Nasal Mucosa secretion Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal immunology therapy 1975 12 1 1975 12 1 0 1 1975 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1226479 1226478 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2006 11 15

0300-0729 13 4 1975 Dec Rhinology Rhinology The indirect measurement of nasal airway resistance. 173-7 This is a comparative study of two indirect methods for measuring nasal airway resistance. 1. In 499 patients, nasal airway resistance was studied with the alternating pressure principle. Using mathematical and computer analysis, nasal resistance averaged 18,7 and 15,4 mm H2O/1/sec., respectively. This correlates well with literature data of nasal resistance, as defined by different methods. 2. In 760 patients nasal airway resistance was studied with the body plethysmograph. The mean value was 11,5 mm H2O/1/sec. We believe, that there is a methodical failure due to leakage of the mask during exspiration against a mechanical closing mechanism of the body plethysmograph. Schumann K K Mann W W eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Adolescent Adult Airway Resistance Child Child, Preschool Humans Nose physiology Plethysmography, Whole Body 1975 12 1 1975 12 1 0 1 1975 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1226478 1226477 1976 08 02 1976 08 02 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 4 1975 Dec Rhinology Rhinology Investigation of the blood flow in the maxillary sinus. 167-71 Plethysmographic measurements of the blood flow in the mucosa of the human maxillary sinus was reported in 1974, but the errors of the method were not completely known. By measuring the absorption of the radioactive gas 133Xe by the antral mucosa simultaneously with plethysmography a comparison between the two methods is possible. A good correlation between the two methods was found in the only subject investigated so far. Drettner B B Aust R R eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Xenon Radioisotopes IM Blood Flow Velocity Humans Maxillary Sinus blood supply Nasal Mucosa blood supply Plethysmography Xenon Radioisotopes 1975 12 1 1975 12 1 0 1 1975 12 1 0 0 ppublish 1226477 1224133 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 2 1975 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Extranasal treatment of epistaxis. 99-102 Drumheller G H GH eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Antihypertensive Agents 0 Drug Combinations 437-38-7 Fentanyl 50-55-5 Reserpine 548-73-2 Droperidol 58-94-6 Chlorothiazide IM Age Factors Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use Chlorothiazide therapeutic use Droperidol therapeutic use Drug Combinations Epistaxis complications drug therapy therapy Fentanyl therapeutic use Humans Hypertension complications drug therapy Obesity Reserpine therapeutic use 1975 8 1 1975 8 1 0 1 1975 8 1 0 0 ppublish 1224133 1224132 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2003 11 14

0300-0729 13 2 1975 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Resistance and capacitance vessels in the nasal mucosa. 85-9 Vernous blood flow from the mucosa of one nasal cavity and changes in nasal patency of the same cavity were simultaneously recorded in the cat. Information about responses evoked in resistance vessels (mainly small arteries and arterioles) and in capacitance vessels (mainly venous vessels ansd sinusoids) could thus be provided. Close arterially administered infusions of angiotensin, noradrenaline, adrenaline and dihydroergotamine elicited constrictions in the resistance as well as the capitance vessels. Analysis of the ratio of the resistance and the capacitance responses allowed an evaluation of the relative effectiveness of the drugs in constricting the two types of vessel. Malm L L eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 11128-99-7 Angiotensin II 51-41-2 Norepinephrine 51-43-4 Epinephrine 511-12-6 Dihydroergotamine IM Angiotensin II pharmacology Animals Capillary Resistance drug effects Cats Dihydroergotamine pharmacology Epinephrine pharmacology Nasal Mucosa blood supply Norepinephrine pharmacology Regional Blood Flow drug effects 1975 8 1 1975 8 1 0 1 1975 8 1 0 0 ppublish 1224132 1224131 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 2 1975 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Early diagnosis of maxillary carcinoma. 77-84 Problems of early diagnosis of maxillary carcinoma are discussed and symptomatology of early and relatively early cases is fully presented. In cases which might be suspected of being malignant thoughtful attention to all details of examination and careful evaluation of seemingly insignificant symptoms and signs are of greatest importance. All methods of early detection of antral cancer are evaluated. The most valuable from among them are: tomography, including panoramic tomography, and sinoscopy. Measures which should be taken to shorten the interval between symptoms onset and the definite diagnosis of maxillary carcinoma are specified. Szpunar J J eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Carcinoma, Squamous Cell diagnosis Endoscopy Humans Maxillary Sinus Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms diagnosis radiography Paranasal Sinuses radiography Tomography, X-Ray 1975 8 1 1975 8 1 0 1 1975 8 1 0 0 ppublish 1224131 1224130 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2006 11 15

0300-0729 13 2 1975 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Scanning electron microscopy of the human nasal mucosa. 57-75 Nasal biopsies are taken from normals and from patients suffering from perennial rhinitis, nasal polyps, hay fever or atrophic rhinitis. The biopsies from the inferior nasal turbinate are studied in a scanning electron microscope. In conclusion, allergic reactions have only a slight, direct influence on the ultrastructure of the mucous membrane. Contrary to this, the surface of the nasal mucosa is characteristically altered in atrophic rhinitis. By chance it was observed how flagellated bacteria invades the mucous membrane by fastening to the epithelial cells, which consequently are expelled. Mygind N N eng Comparative Study Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Bacteria ultrastructure Flagella ultrastructure Humans Microscopy, Electron, Scanning methods Nasal Mucosa microbiology ultrastructure Nasal Polyps pathology Rhinitis microbiology pathology Rhinitis, Atrophic pathology 1975 8 1 1975 8 1 0 1 1975 8 1 0 0 ppublish 1224130 1224129 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 2 1975 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Autogenous cartilage autobank in rhinology. 107-10 Arvide F E FE eng Case Reports Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Cartilage anatomy & histology transplantation Female Humans Male Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Rhinoplasty methods Tissue Banks Transplantation, Autologous 1975 8 1 1975 8 1 0 1 1975 8 1 0 0 ppublish 1224129 1224128 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2004 11 17

0300-0729 13 2 1975 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Nasal fractures in adults -a brief discussion of principles. 103-6 A discussion of the management of acute nasal fractures in adults is presented. Repair of the nasal injury should be postponed so the patient can be stabilized and totally evaluated while the surgeon plans and prepares to do the optimum nose operation. Two weeks or more may be allowed for this with a few stated exceptions. Acute nasal fractures are the misguided mobilization phase of a nasal reconstruction. This must be rectified and completed and the nose modifed and repaired in accordance with the principles of functional rhinologic surgery. Some remarks on the fallibility of X-ray diagnosis are included. Joseph G F GF eng Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 IM Fracture Fixation methods Humans Nasal Bone injuries Nasal Septum surgery Nose injuries surgery Nose Deformities, Acquired surgery Rhinoplasty methods Skull radiography surgery 1975 8 1 1975 8 1 0 1 1975 8 1 0 0 ppublish 1224128 817384 1976 07 06 1976 07 06 2007 11 15

0300-0729 13 2 1975 Aug Rhinology Rhinology Treatment of perennial rhinitis with 2% solution of sodium cromoglycate. 91-7 This trial has demonstrated that S.C.G. is significantly better than placebo and therefore that a 2% solution of S.C.G. is effective in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. It would appear that better results can be obtained in patients who have a demonstrable allergic aetiology with a nasal eosinophilia. Lobaton P P Seranno V V Rubio N N Gomez D D eng Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article

NETHERLANDS Rhinology 0347242 0300-0729 0 Placebos 15826-37-6 Cromolyn Sodium IM Administration, Intranasal Adolescent Adult Child Clinical Trials as Topic Cromolyn Sodium administration & dosage therapeutic use Drug Evaluation Female Humans Male Middle Aged Placebos Rhinitis drug therapy Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal drug therapy 1975 8 1 1975 8 1 0 1 1975 8 1 0 0 ppublish 817384 -- Output: --------------------------------------------- Array ( )